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单元提升卷 06 Unit 5 Languages Around the World
单元基础知识巩固
I.拓展词汇变形
1. n．体系；制度；系统→ adj. 系统的→ adv.系统地
2. vi. 提到；参考；查阅vt. 查询；叫……求助于→ n. 参考
3. vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据→ adj. 以(某事)为基础
的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→ adj. 基本的；基础的
4. n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→ vi. 不同； 变化→
adj. 不同的；各种各样的
5. vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值→ n. 欣赏；感激；领会；重视
6. n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把……视为；看待→ prep. 关于
7. adj. 全球的；全世界的→ adv.全球地；全世界地
8. adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的→ adv. 特定地；明确地；具体地
9. adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究→
n. 多数；大多数
10. vt. 联系；讲述→ adj. 相关的；有联系的→ n. 关系；联系
11. n. 符号；象征→ adj. 象征的；象征性的→ vt. 象征；
是……的象征
12. n. 文明；文明世界→ adj. 文明的
13. n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的→ adv. 相同地；同样地
→ n. 平等
14. n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问→ adj. 要求高的；苛求的
15. n. 描写(文字)；形容→ vt. 描述；描写
16. vt. 联系；讲述→ adj. 相关的；有联系的→ n. 关系；联系
II.核心短语互译
1. 对……的态度 10. 导致
2. 指的是；描述；提到；查 11. 观点；看法
阅 12. 适应；习惯于
3. 注意 13. 与……相关；涉及；谈到
4. 追溯到 14. 放弃
5. 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 15. 做某事有困难
6. 因……著名 16. 取决于；依靠；依赖
7. 被看作 17. match...with..
8. 至关重要 18. official language
9. 在……中起重要作用 19. be connected with20. at the beginning 23. no matter where, who, what, etc.
21. develop into 24. be considered to be
22. global affairs 25. be related to
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．Divide the cake into quarters and share it (equal).
2．When we’re on holiday in Canada, we live like the (native).
3．The banana is native Taiwan.
4．Looking after babies is a (demand) job.
5．The workers demanded (tell) what had happened to the factory.
6．No one will appreciate (treat) like a second-class citizen.
7．He begged (tell) the truth,but his mother refused to tell him.
8．The conflict had developed into a stage the two countries were gathering big troops on the
border.
9．The couple just gets registered at the government office. Marriage (regard) as a cardinal issue
since ancient times.
10．You can refer this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English.
11．The (major) of them demand that food and water should be supplied in time.
12．Our school will organize some campus activities, like “English Evening”, a platform students can
show their English.
13．“Sponges become bigger and bigger over time; another fossil piece (date) back to around 300
million years ago was also recently discovered in Ireland, for example.
14．A (beg) is someone who lives by asking people for money or food.
15．What he stressed was related teenagers’ education.
16．The position calls for (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
17．The article gives a detailed (describe) of the beauty of Mount Tianshan.
18．Trends toward the (global) of industry have dramatically affected food production in
California.
19．At that time, people (carve) some symbols on animal bones and shells.
20．Every means (have) been used to calm the woman down.
21．On the (base) of your basic knowledge about the history of the Tang Dynasty, I think it easier
for you to understand Tang poems.
22．It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for (vary) reasons.
答案第2页，共2页23．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings.
24．No matter we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones with all sorts of communication
software.
25．The of the students look forward to in English because English can find a
job easily. (major)
26．I am sorry to hear that you have trouble (improve) your English at the new school.
27． the fact that she was wearing a seat belt, she was thrown sharply forward.
28．In (refer) to the topic we debated yesterday, it is no good saying more.
29．He opens a door which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and
heroism.
30．Bones symbols were carved, known as “oracle bones”, have contributed a lot to our understanding
of China’s past.
二、单词拼写
31．She promised to help me move into my new (公寓套房) on the weekend.
32．Would you like to take the (地铁) to get there?
33．It was last (学期) that I began to appreciate classic works.
34．I have given a specific (描述) of the symbols carved on the bone.
35．What you said was completely untrue, and I (要求) an immediate apology.
36．For this reason, learning French isn’t a (费力的事) for me at all.
37．The activity not only strengthened their friendship but also built up their (性格).
38． (尽管) the heavy rain, they went on working hard.
39．I tried every (方法) to get children interested in my class.
40．She made a(n) (提及) to her previous experience in the industry during the interview.
41．This (全球的) site is a place for runners to share their stories about running.
42．I would (感激) it if you could pay in cash.
43．China is a country with a long (文明) of 5000 years.
44．This cultural programme is aimed to encourage teenagers to read more (经典作品) .
45．Not only did the race improve our physical and psychological quality, but it also helped us build a positive
(态度) towards life.
高考能力提升
三、阅读理解“Learning about one’s own culture, as well as the culture of others, is important,” says Sanam Akhlagh,
who set up Pardis for Children. Located in New York City, the nonprofit brings Iranian-American families
together and offers after-school programs for children to learn about their heritage. Classes explore Iranian music,
art, and history, among other topics.
Akhlagh has always been interested in education, kids, and culture, But she felt a void (空虚) before setting
up Pardis in 2011. She hadn’t been able to get together with friends who share her Iranian heritage periodically.
She also thought her children needed that community.
“I want kids to know their culture and language,” Akhlagh said, “So if they’re Iranian, they actually know
what that means.”
But she also wants them to create a bond. “I want them to build a community that they’ll hopefully keep,
and stay fiends together for years to come,” she said, “want them to have a beautiful, positive memory (回忆)
related to Iranian culture and the Persian language.”
Learning about your own culture and language, and understanding other cultures from around the world,
Akhlagh explained, makes you a richer and more tolerant (宽容的) person. It also makes you appreciate other
people’s way of life.
“The exchange of cultures is of great importance,” Akhlagh said. “It is much harder to call people of certain
countries or cultures your enemy when you actually know them. When you eat their food, or when you dance to
their music together, when you read their literature, it becomes more real, and you start appreciating everyone.”
When asked her advice for young people, Akhlagh encouraged exploration and discovery. “If you have the
opportunity, always be curious to make friends,” she said. “Get to know people from different cultures and be
curious. Always try to know more and travel.”
46．What is the purpose of Pardis for Children?
A．To enrich children’s social life. B．To improve children’s artistic abilities.
C．To educate children on Iranian culture. D．To develop children’s love for their country.
47．What does the underlined word “bond” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Custom. B．Program. C．Relationship. D．Schedule.
48．What does Akhlagh think of the exchange of cultures?
A．It is a way of life. B．It can promote peace.
C．It is a chance to grow D．It increases your wealth.
49．What is Akhlagh’s advice for young people?
答案第4页，共2页A．Caring more about their friends. B．Being open to different cultures.
C．Taking every opportunity to study. D．Feeling confident about making friends.
The prodigious ability of our species to rapidly assimilate vocabulary, expanding from a mere 300 lexemes
by the tender age of two to an impressive repertoire exceeding 1,000 by the age of four, remains a subject of
profound enigma. Certain scholars in the realms of cognitive science and linguistics have posited that the human
mind enters the world equipped with innate cognitive predispositions and logical parameters that facilitate this
linguistic feat. However, recent advancements in the sphere of machine learning have unveiled the potential for
swift acquisition of semantic understanding from sparse data, eschewing the need for preconceived, hardwired
assumptions.
An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to
correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient
visual recordings and auditory data — previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years
2013 and 2014. Though this represents but a minuscule fraction of a child’s developmental chronicle, it transpires
that this was sufficiently informative to prompt the AI in discerning the significance of select vocables.
These revelations intimate that the process of linguistic acquisition may be more straightforward than
hitherto presumed. It is conceivable that the juvenile mind does not necessitate a tailor-made, sophisticated
linguistic apparatus to adeptly apprehend the essence of words, posits Jessica Sullivan, an adjunct professor of
psychology at Skidmore College. “This is an exceptionally elegant inquiry,” she articulates, as it presents
corroborative evidence that rudimentary data extracted from a child’s perspective is sufficiently abundant to
initiate the processes of pattern recognition and lexical assimilation.
The recent scholarly endeavor also illustrates the plausibility of machines emulating the learning modalities
inherent to human cognition. Vast linguistic models are typically nurtured on colossal datasets encompassing
billions, if not trillions, of lexical permutations. In stark contrast, human beings manage with a significantly
reduced informational intake, as articulated by the principal scribe of the study, Wai Keen Vong. With the
appropriate genre of data, the chasm separating machine and human learning could be substantially bridged.
Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted in select dimensions of this pioneering research. The
savants concede that their findings do not conclusively elucidate the mechanisms by which children amass
vocabulary. Additionally, the study’s purview was confined to the identification of nouns pertaining to tangible
entities.
Despite these limitations, this represents a stride toward a more profound comprehension of our own
cognitive faculties, which may ultimately contribute to the enhancement of human pedagogical practices,according to Eva Portelance, a scholar in computational linguistics. She remarks that AI research has the potential
to shed light on enigmatic queries about our essence that have persisted over time. “We can harness these
paradigms in a salutary manner, to the advantage of scientific discovery and societal progress,” Portelance further
elaborates.
50．What is a significant finding of machine-learning research?
A．Vocabulary increases gradually with age.
B．Vocabulary can be acquired from minimal data.
C．Language acquisition is tied to built-in expectations.
D．Language acquisition is as complex as formerly assumed.
51．What does the underlined word “prompt” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Facilitate. B．Persuade. C．Advise. D．Expect.
52．What is discussed about the new research in paragraph 5?
A．Its limitations. B．Its strengths.
C．Its uniqueness. D．Its process.
53．What is Eva Portelance’s attitude to the AI research?
A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Dismissive. D．Positive.
四、完形填空
Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or
political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished
reading, but plain and simple 54 .
Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 55 do with it? We gossip. About
others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out and why; how
to deal with difficult 56 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.
So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural wasters of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot
about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not 57
according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of
Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 58 issues.
Dunbar 59 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of
social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the
答案第6页，共2页exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved
among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 60
, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.
Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 61 of the higher primates (灵长类动物) like
monkeys. By means of grooming — cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals
on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 62 from
outside it.
As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 63 that at
one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the
greater the 64 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living
close to others. Grooming helped to 65 the pressure and calm everybody down.
But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be
66 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 67 kind of grooming was needed, and thus
language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-
larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-
one 68 contact.
54．A．mission B．radiation C．comparison D．gossip
55．A．occasionally B．merely C．habitually D．originally
56．A．social B．political C．historical D．leisurely
57．A．the case B．the question C．the issue D．the key
58．A．financial B．sensitive C．royal D．vital
59．A．confirms B．outlines C．dismisses D．broadens
60．A．for instance B．on the contrary C．in addition D．as a result
61．A．motivation B．motive C．emotion D．behaviour
62．A．inspection B．harmony C．attack D．assistance
63．A．convinces B．comprises C．confesses D．concludes
64．A．prospect B．protection C．maintenance D．luxury
65．A．discipline B．bother C．maintain D．ease
66．A．cast B．consumed C．extended D．floated
67．A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．thoughtful
68．A．invisible B．daily C．constant D．physical阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are about 6, 500 languages in the world, but did you know that a language disappears every two
weeks? International Mother Language Day, 21 February, is 69 day to celebrate and protect all the
languages of the world.
In 1999, a special day to promote mother languages 70 (create): International Mother Language
Day. The day was also intended to raise 71 (aware)of just how many languages we have on this planet and
to protect them. The idea for this special day came from the country of Bangladesh, 72 Bangladeshis mark
21 February when the Bangla language was 73 (official)accepted. Bangladeshis celebrate the day 74
holding literary competitions and singing songs. Other 75 (country)have also set up special projects to
mark this day.
Language is much more than just a way of 76 (communicate). Language, particularly our mother
tongue, is an essential part of our culture. Everyone has the right 77 (use)their own mother language and to
keep the traditions and ways of thinking that their language represents. And this is 78 International
Mother Language Day is all about.
五、书信写作
79．假如你是李华，你在网上看到李明发的帖子，他说他的英语口语不好，希望得到大家的帮助，你给
他回帖。内容要点提示：
1．给李明提建议；
2．你的练习英语口语的成功做法；
3．你在英语学习中遇到的困难一并请求帮助。
注意：词数80左右。
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答案第8页，共2页
