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选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·新课标 Ⅱ，A)
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park，and
throughout the year.The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail(小径)，camping，or just enjoying the park’s
amazing wildlife from the road，this quick workshop is for you and your family.Learn where to
look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience.Meet at the Canyon
Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone.Stay for as
little or as long as your plans allow.Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint，enjoy Lower Falls，the Yellowstone River，and the breathtaking
colors of the canyon(峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history.Discover
why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place.Meet on the lower
platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on
program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles：meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance：meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking
area.
1．Which of the four programs begins the earliest?
A．Photography Workshops. B．Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C．Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D．Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
2．What is the short talk at Artist Point about?
A．Works of famous artists. B．Protection of wild animals.
C．Basic photography skills. D．History of the canyon area.
3．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?
A．Artist Point. B．Washburn Trailhead.
C．Canyon Village Store. D．Visitor Education Center.B(★)
The ruins of a huge Maya city have been discovered in Guatemala with the help of the remote
sensing technique LiDAR，according to the National Geographic on Thursday.
This breakthrough was possible thanks to LiDAR sensors，which can survey landscapes in
3D by reflecting laser pulses off the ground from unmanned air vehicles and others.LiDAR is
exceptionally useful for detecting archeological sites(考古遗址)，as it gets through jungles and
other features that hold up exploration on the ground.The technique has been the activator(催化剂)
of many discoveries in recent years.For instance ， major finds at Angkor ， Cambodia and
Caracol，Belize can explain what it did.
This large lost city envelops sites like Tikal ，Holmul，and Witzna—known for their
pyramids—but shows that these famous heritage areas are the tip of the iceberg of this lost urban
network.
Hidden under the jungles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve，more than 60,000 human-made
features—homes，canals，highways，some of which can even reach the modernized standard—
have been identified by an international cooperation of researchers headed by the PACUNAM
Foundation，a Maya cultural and natural heritage organization.Those have experts rethinking the
outlines and complexity of the Maya empire.
These ancient peoples obviously established these imaginative cultures based on their known
relics，but the new research has shown that the scale of this lost society is far beyond what experts
had imagined.The findings will be explored in an hour-long documentary called Lost Treasures of
the Maya Snake Kings，premiering(首映) Tuesday，February 6 on the National Geographic
Channel.
“There are entire cities we didn’t know about now showing up in the survey data，” said
Francisco Belli，one of the lead archeologists on the project.“There are 20,000 square kilometres
more to be explored and there are going to be hundreds of cities there that we don’t know about，
and we will push the frontiers，” he added.
4．What can we know about LiDAR?
A．It’s a breakthrough in archeology.
B．It’s major equipment in air forces.
C．It was first used in discovering a Maya city.
D．It’s a remote sensing technique using laser pulses.
5．What does the underlined word “Those” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The jungles of the Reserve.
B．The outlines of the Maya empire.
C．The researchers of the organization.
D．The man-made projects of the Reserve.
6．Which of the following words can best describe the Maya empire?A．Famous and dangerous. B．Vast and highly developed.
C．Mountainous and aggressive. D．Enormous and traditional.
7．What do archeologists hope to do next?
A．Restudy the history of Maya.
B．Use the LiDAR sensors as usual.
C．Continue to explore the unknown.
D．Study the documentary more carefully.
C(★)
Satellites are already in use for so many purposes today—from weather forecasting to
communications，GPS，and more.
Since the late 1970s，satellites such as the European Space Agency’s(ESA) CryoSat-2 and
the US Space Agency’s ICESat-2，have also been used to monitor changes in the Arctic sea ice.
Data suggests that sea ice is thinning over time due to climate change.Over the last 40 years，
the extent of Arctic ice cover has been declining at a rate of 13% per decade.However，existing
ways of measurement do not provide a clear and continuous picture of the state of sea ice.
These satellites use special radar or laser-based altimeter instruments(雷达或激光测高仪)．
Sea ice thickness is then calculated as the difference between the height of the ice and the top of the
water (ice level－sea level)．This method works well during the winter months.
Unfortunately，satellite-based sea ice thickness measurements are inaccurate during the
summer months：the time of the year with the greatest melting.This melting creates a pool of
liquid water on the surface.As a result，the simple calculation (ice level－sea level) does not work
as radar systems are unable to differentiate between ocean water and ice ， thus making
measurements inaccurate.
Last September，scientists developed a new method to tackle this age-old issue.The new
method combined computer modeling and satellite data to predict ice thickness—all year
round.The research team led by Jack Landy，a scientist at the University of Tromsø (The Arctic
University of Norway)，used the new method to distinguish between seawater and ice.
The researchers built a model of the radar system’s predicted data and cross-referenced these
values to those collected by a satellite.This model allows the researchers to obtain accurate，year-
round Arctic sea ice thickness data.
According to Dr.Michel Tsamados from University College London ，the new advanced
climate model “will improve both the short-term forecasts for the weather at the mid-latitudes(中
纬度地区) and the long-term forecasts that show what climate we will have in the future.”
8．What does the satellite data tell us?
A．The Arctic ice will no longer exist in four decades.
B．Sea ice cover is melting at a rate of 13% per year.
C．The ESA’s satellites provide clearer pictures.D．Sea ice is becoming increasingly thinner.
9．What makes the ice level to sea level measurements inaccurate?
A．Inaction of the laser-based altimeter instruments in summer.
B．Radar systems’ inability to distinguish seawater from ice.
C．There being technical difficulty calculating the height of the ice.
D．There being no way to consistently detect melt pools on ice.
10．What does the new method aim to do?
A．Provide accurate forecasts for the weather.
B．Replace satellites in monitoring sea ice changes.
C．Get a reliable summertime record of sea ice thickness.
D．Test the efficiency of machine learning in climate change.
11．What does Dr.Michel Tsamados think of the new model?
A．It will be useful in different ways.
B．It will prove environmentally friendly.
C．It has a short-term impact on climate research.
D．It needs improvement to predict the Arctic’s future.
Ⅱ.七选五
Navigation(导航) skills seem to come naturally to some—but others aren’t so lucky.If you
are lacking in a sense of direction，especially sick of taking wrong turns，here’s how to start
finding your way.
To begin with，I have to be frank that I have an interest in researching this topic because my
own sense of direction is absolutely rubbish. 1 I can find my way there easily enough because
there are signs pointing me in the right direction.But getting back to my dining table is another
story.After all，there are no helpful signs saying，“This is where you were sitting less than five
minutes ago，Jane.”
However，good news is that according to scientists the hippocampus(海马体)—the part of
the brain associated with navigation—expands to accommodate the mental maps of those who are
puzzled with directions. 2 They just need to work at it.
Firstly，it’s a good idea to put the GPS away.In a University of Nottingham study，drivers
who had followed step-by-step GPS instructions found it harder to work out where they’d been. 3
4 Not least it is because the amount of mental energy it requires means it’s more likely
to stick in your mind.Looking at online maps on a big screen—or even studying a paper map—also
allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together.
Finally，try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. 5 But this sudden burst of
anxiety will only increase your pressure and prevent you from calmly working out which way to
go.
A．I always get lost when I am out.B．Yes，they can improve the sense of direction.
C．Take popping to the toilet in a restaurant for example.
D．They even failed to notice they’d been past the same place.
E．However，they can finally manage the direction completely.
F．It’s all too easy to get panicked by the suspicion of getting lost.
G．Studying a larger map and memorizing the route in advance can be helpful.
