文档内容
Section A
Conversation One
• 听听力力原原文文 •
W: [1] Mr. David Jackson, a staff writer at The New Yorker, is known for his non-fiction books of adventure. Today we go on a diff erent kind of
adventure—Jackson’s life of parenting his off spring. David, as a parent of an 11 and a 14-year-old, what is the most interesting issue you are
dealing with right now?
M: It’s easy to focus on the challenges, [2] but so far I find these ages to be kind of wonderful. They are independent and they have their own
curiosities and obsessions. You can talk to them about fairly sophisticated subject matter, such as politics.
W: Yes, that does sound refreshing compared with talking to younger children. Do they ask you to proofread their essays?
M: Certainly. With writing, they do. [3] I really just try to be encouraging. I think at this age, editorial guidance is less important than
encouragement.
W: Are there books that you think are important that your children read and that all children read?
M: My general thought is to read widely and to incorporate a love for reading. Learning to love to read, I think, is the optimal thing, because it
gives you a skill you can take anywhere.
W: So you’re not too concerned, like some parents, with the content they are reading. I know I have some worries about that.
M: Yeah, read what you like. If a child loves graphic novels or comic books, whatever it is that is turning them on to read and turning on their
imagination.
W: [4] I feel that children’s tastes in books change as they reach adolescence. I know that mine certainly did when I was a teenager. What do you
think?
M: I think it’s especially important as they get older to read subject matter that will open their eyes to the world and people. So I think both fiction
and non-fiction are really important because they give you the power to begin to perceive the world through the lives of others.
Q1.What do we learn about David Jackson from the conversation?
Q2.What does the man think of young teenagers?
Q3.How does the man help his kids with their essays?
Q4.What does the woman say about herself when she was a teenager?
Conversation Two
• 听听力力原原文文 •
M: [5] In this episode of Money Talks, our guest is Molly Sanders, a university student and a successful young entrepreneur. Molly, tell us about
your business.
W: Well, I sell specialty clothes through a website, mainly for women who have trouble finding suitable clothes in main street shops because of their
height or weight, but I do some men’s clothes too.
M: How did you get started in this business at such a young age? Are you studying fashion design?
W: Actually, I’m majoring in fi nance, but I’ve always loved clothes and I started making my own at 14.
M: Did you have any sort of training in design or sewing, or was it a natural ability?
W: I’d have to say no to both. [6] No one taught me to make clothes and most of the things I made at first were disasters.
M: Why did you persevere? I think most people would give up if they kept failing, especially at that age.
W: [7] I kept on out of necessity. As you can see, I’m very tall and I couldn’t fi nd clothes that fi t me in ordinary shops, so I kept trying and
developed my skills over time.
M: Well, my notes say you earned $50,000 in profi ts last year, an extraordinary amount for a 20-year-old student. How did that happen? Did you
see a gap in the market and decide to fill it?
W: No. When I started university, some classmates complimented my clothes, and when I said I made them myself, other tall women started
1asking if I would make theirs and I did. And before I knew it, I was an entrepreneur.
M: So what are your plans for the future? Do you intend to open a physical store?
W: No, I’ll keep things online to keep costs down, [8] but I will add more clothes for children, both girls and boys and possibly even for infants,
and I hope to add to my range of designs for men.
Q5. What do we learn about the woman?
Q6.What does the woman say about the clothes she made at first?
Q7.Why did the woman persevere in making clothes for herself?
Q8.What does the woman plan to do in the future?
Section B
Passage One
• 听听力力原原文文 •
Researchers have identified a potent new antibiotic compound using artificial intelligence. The antibiotic can kill very dangerous bacteria.
According to a study published in the journal Cell, the compounds successfully removed deadly strains of bacteria in mice, which are resistant to all
known antibiotics.
[9] The researchers say this is the first time that artificial intelligence has been used to find a powerful new antibiotic molecule. [10] Why does this
matter? The answer is antibiotic resistance. This happens when bacteria develop the ability to survive the medications designed to kill them.
Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to health, and the problem is growing. This makes fi nding new antibiotics very important. However, in
recent decades, very few have been developed and those that have tend to be very similar to drugs already available. These searches also tend to
only focus on a narrow spectrum of chemical compounds.
But this is where artificial intelligence comes in. Why? To find new drugs, scientists screen molecules to predict how effective they might be.
Typically, such screening is done by humans in the lab, which is both costly and slow. Artificial intelligence is different. It’s fast and it can process a
high volume. It can screen hundreds of millions of compounds to identify a few interesting candidates that require experimental testing. [11]
Artificial intelligence is also able to predict if compounds are likely to be toxic. Some experts assert that this work signifies a paradigm shift in
antibiotic discovery. It could change drug discovery more generally.
Q9.What have researchers done for the first time in history?
Q10.What makes it important to fi nd new antibiotic drugs?
Q11.What does the passage say artifi cial intelligence is able to do in antibiotic research?
Passage Two
• 听听力力原原文文 •
A recent study overturned what we think we know about lying. Most of us have a theory about how to tell if someone is telling a lie. We may
develop that theory from observations of those people we know well and see regularly, but we tend to generalize what we gather from that
unscientifi c daily research and make it a universal theory.
So we might imagine that liars have evasive eyes, or the opposite—they simply stare at you. Or perhaps it is more generally nervous behavior
we associate with lies. [12] Whatever the particular theory, it’s usually based on close observation of people we know.
And we get lots of practice. On average, we’re lied to some 200 times per day. [13] These are mostly harmless lies—but lies nonetheless. But
there’s a problem with our theories, even though they’re based on all this observation. [14] The average person—you and me, tested vigorously
on how well we detect lies—fails to do better than chance. That’s well established over many studies and lots of attempts by researchers to work
out reliable ways to detect lies. It’s even relatively easy to fool lie detectors, the gold standard of lie detection, by training yourself in breathing
techniques and symptom suppression.
Is there any way to get better at detecting lies? [15] The new research offers some surprising advice: stop looking and listen instead. It turns out
that if we’re unable to see the face, but rather focus on the voice of the person in question, our accuracy rate improves considerably.
Q12. According to the passage, how do most people detect lying?
Q13.What does the passage say about most lies?
2Q14.What have many studies uncovered about the average person’s lie detection?
Q15.What advice does the new research off er regarding lie detection?
Section C
Recording One
• 听听力力原原文文 •
Appear to be submissive, humble, grateful and undemanding. Show great pleasure when a doctor comes into your room, even if the visit is brief
and useless. Don’t challenge anyone with authority unless you’re famous or very rich. Those are a few strategies for dealing with today’s American
medical establishment. [16] What patients want is to be treated with respect and consideration. But in my experience, too few hospitals and
doctors are ready to do that. In his book, A Whole New Life, novelist Reynolds Price recalls that his doctors chose a crowded hallway as the
place to tell him he might have a tumor on his spinal cord. It did not occur to the two physicians that a hallway was not the most appropriate place
for that particular piece of news.
My surgeon who is in his mid-30s looks tired. He has been overwhelmed with patients who have fallen on the winter ice. He is a witty man, but
sometimes his wit is unwelcome. “The health insurance company Blue Cross wants me to put you out in the snow tomorrow afternoon.” He tells
me after I have been in the hospital for more than a week. I’m terrifi ed because I have no idea where to go. I cannot walk or even lift my leg a few
inches.
The hospital social worker strikes me as an idiot, but my complaints about her only annoy my surgeon. “I have to work with these people,” he
tells my friend, doctor Karen Brittney, when she mercifully intervenes on my behalf and arranges for me to be transferred to another hospital. “If
you say one negative thing, they get defensive,” she tells me later. “They have this kind of institutional loyalty. [17] Always bring an advocate, that
is any other person with you to the hospital and write down every single question and the answer, the name of every doctor and nurse. When
people know you have their names, they behave better.”
And Brittney adds, “if you, as a patient, suggest that you might like to control even part of the situation, or be consulted or informed, then you
are considered diffi cult. [18] They want you to be totally passive. The entire health care system, particularly hospitals and nursing homes, exists for
reasons that have nothing to do with taking care of patients. Patients are incidental.”
Q16.What does the speaker say about most American hospitals?
Q17.What does Karen Brittney suggest patients do?
Q18.What do American doctors expect their patients to be according to Karen Brittany?
Recording Two
• 听听力力原原文文 •
There are probably teams you’ve worked with that you never want to work with again. But there must have also been other teams that you
would prize reuniting with professionally. In other words, your team had vitality. [19] Vitality comes about when the ties people form with their
fellow team members are such that they stay connected, even after the team breaks up. What characteristics of a team make its members more
likely to stay in contact despite no longer working together? This question has been answered recently in a study published in a business journal.
One of the two key factors the research team discovered is sameness, specifically sharing the same gender or ethnic origin. [20] The more
members of a team share similar demographics, the more inclined they’ll be to remain associates long after the team has served its purpose. After
ties are established, similarity strengthens them. As a result, they regard these individuals with greater trust and mutual understanding, which
motivates them to seek further opportunities for collaboration. In effect, people tend to create stronger and longer lasting connections with similar
others. Someone who looks and sounds diff erent from us may have the resources we need to be more successful. Yet we find them to be
significantly less credible, simply because they are different. If you are a fierce advocate of workplace diversity, you’ll no doubt be horrifi ed by
such a revelation.
The second factor identified by the researchers is the quality of the relationships among the team members. The more they trust one another,
share the same goals and depend on each other for the achievement of those goals, the stronger their chances of maintaining their connections,
despite no longer working as one team. Teams with quality relationships have a shared belief that it’s safe to take risks with each other, and that
members are obliged to share the workload and help out.
From personal experience, I can see both the truth and the inconsistency of such studies. The truth is some of my closest friendships were
formed as a result of having worked together on teams. And I actively seek opportunities to work with them again. [21] The inconsistency, though,
is that I’ve never worked for a team more successful and cohesive than the one of which I’m a member right now. And yet the four of us have very
little in common and are completely diff erent demographically. So, I’m unlikely to question the value of a diverse workforce.
3Q19.What does the speaker say about a team with vitality?
Q20.What do the researchers fi nd out about members of a team?
Q21.What do we learn about the team the speaker’s currently working in?
Recording Three
• 听听力力原原文文 •
An American researcher who studied 600 millionaires found how rich you can get comes down to six wealth factors. She found that six
behaviors are related to net worth potential regardless of age or income. These were thriftiness, confi dence, responsibility, planning, focus and
social indiff erence. Being thrifty comes as no great surprise. “Spending above your means, spending instead of saving for retirement, spending in
anticipation of becoming wealthy makes you a slave to the paycheck, even with an astronomical level of income,” she wrote. [22] To properly
build wealth, experts recommend saving 20% of your income and living off the remaining 80%.
[23] Having confidence is another key characteristic as it helps people to be thrifty. It takes confidence to live within your means. It also takes
confidence to invest properly. Instead of making investing decisions with your emotions, financial planners advise that you should leave your
investments alone and focus on a long-term investment plan. But people can’t invest—or manage their own money—without accepting
responsibility for the outcomes. [24] Many millionaires take on personal responsibility—and most also happen to be self-made, meaning they
didn’t acquire their wealth through luck. Millionaires don’t count on anyone else to make them rich, and they don’t blame anyone else if they fall
short. They focus on things they can control and align their daily habits to the goals they have set for themselves. They tend to be goal-oriented and
hard workers, which enables them to plan fi nancially and focus on seeing those plans through. 92% of the millionaires surveyed developed a long-
term plan for their money, and 97% almost always achieved the goals they set for themselves.
And it is these behaviors that make it easy for them to be socially indifferent. They resist lifestyle creep, the tendency to spend more whenever
one earns more. [25] Essentially, they don’t yield to pressure to buy the latest thing, or to keep up with others or what they have acquired. Instead
of being focused on what might make them happy today, they’re focused on their long-term wealth-building plan.
Q22.What do experts recommend concerning being thrifty?
Q23.How does confidence help people to be thrifty?
Q24. How do millionaires react when they fail in their investment?
Q25.Why does the speaker say millionaires are socially indifferent?
4