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绝密＊启用前
2004年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（ 一 ）
（科目代码：201)
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I
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| |2004 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)for eachnumberedblankandmark[A],
[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points).
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by
young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing
influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal
behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they
havelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough 3 withothers.Theoriesfocusingontherole
of society suggest that children commit crimes in 4 to their failure to rise above
theirsocioeconomicstatus, 5 asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.
Most theoriesof juveniledelinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged
families, 6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The
latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories,
however,aretentativeandare 8 tocriticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For
example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and
rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.
Theresultingdiscontentmayin 12 leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.
Familieshave also 13 changes theseyears. More families consist of one-parent
householdsortwoworkingparents; 14 , childrenarelikelyto havelesssupervisionat
home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental
supervisionis thought to be an influence on juvenilecrimerates. Other 17 causesof
offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 18 of drugs and
alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions
tendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact, 20 adirectcausal
relationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
2004年考研英语一真题 第 1 页 共 12 页1.［A］acting ［B］relying ［C］centering ［D］commenting
2.［A］before ［B］unless ［C］until ［D］because
3.［A］interaction ［B］assimilation ［C］cooperation ［D］consultation
4.［A］return ［B］reply ［C］reference ［D］response
5.［A］or ［B］butrather ［C］but ［D］orelse
6.［A］considering ［B］ignoring ［C］highlighting ［D］discarding
7.［A］on ［B］in ［C］for ［D］with
8.［A］immune ［B］resistant ［C］sensitive ［D］subject
9.［A］affect ［B］reduce ［C］check ［D］reflect
10.［A］point ［B］lead ［C］come ［D］amount
11.［A］ingeneral ［B］onaverage ［C］bycontrast ［D］atlength
12.［A］case ［B］short ［C］turn ［D］essence
13.［A］survived ［B］noticed ［C］undertaken ［D］experienced
14.［A］contrarily ［B］consequently ［C］similarly ［D］simultaneously
15.［A］than ［B］that ［C］which ［D］as
16.［A］system ［B］structure ［C］concept ［D］heritage
17.［A］assessable ［B］identifiable ［C］negligible ［D］incredible
18.［A］expense ［B］restriction ［C］allocation ［D］availability
19.［A］incidence ［B］awareness ［C］exposure ［D］popularity
20.［A］provided ［B］since ［C］although ［D］supposing
Section II Reading Comprehension
PartA
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],
[B], ［C］or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWER SHEET1.(40points)
2004年考研英语一真题 第 2 页 共 12 页Text1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across
CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was
attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors
key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching
position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual
property and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an
opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and
wonapositionasin-housecounselfor acompany.
With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings
can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits
to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see
drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time
youansweraquestionyou eliminateapossibility,”saysoneexpert.
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you
want to do—then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert.
“There’s no careercounseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, thebest strategy isto use
the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when
you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on
agentsfor finding everything thatis added to a database that might interest me,” says the
authorofajob-searchingguide.
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s
agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it
includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. There may be
more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find
them—and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in
ourtraffic,”saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingfor CareerSite.
Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some
use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather
information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although
happilyemployed,Redmon maintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalways keepyour
eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of
eyeslookingoutforyou.
2004年考研英语一真题 第 3 页 共 12 页21.HowdidRedmonfind hisjob?
［A］Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.
［B］Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.
［C］Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.
［D］ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.
22.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?
［A］Lackofcounseling.
［B］Limitednumberofvisits.
［C］Lowerefficiency.
［D］Fewersuccessfulmatches.
23.Theexpression“tipservice”(Line3,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans .
［A］advisory
［B］compensation
［C］interaction
［D］reminder
24.Why doesCareerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?
［A］Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.
［B］Toattractmorereturningvisits.
［C］Toreservespaceformoremessages.
［D］Toincreasetherateofsuccess.
25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
［A］Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.
［B］SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.
［C］Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.
［D］Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.
2004年考研英语一真题 第 4 页 共 12 页Text2
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been
condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism.
This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against
thosewhose surnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm calledAAAAcars has a big advantage over
Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is
the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly
evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet.Yet a suspiciously large number of top
peoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.
Thus theAmerican president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and
C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had
surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more
striking, six of the seven headsof government of the G7 rich countries arealphabetically
advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three
top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the
alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five
richestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).
Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyed
by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first
year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier
toremember theirnames.So short-sightedZysman juniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,and
is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time
the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result
may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less
confidenceinspeakingpublicly.
The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, theABCs proudly
get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally
having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference
speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose
interestastheyploughthroughthem.
2004年考研英语一真题 第 5 页 共 12 页26.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?
［A］Akindofoverlookedinequality.
［B］Atypeofconspicuousbias.
［C］Atypeofpersonalprejudice.
［D］Akindofbranddiscrimination.
27.Whatcanweinferfrom thefirstthreeparagraphs?
［A］In bothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.
［B］ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoëZysman.
［C］Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.
［D］Someform ofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.
28.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat .
［A］questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents
［B］alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefrom class
［C］teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents
［D］studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight
29. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Line 2,
Paragraph5)?
［A］Theyaregettingimpatient.
［B］Theyarenoisilydozingoff.
［C］Theyarefeelinghumiliated.
［D］Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.
30.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
［A］PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.
［B］VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.
［C］Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo.
［D］Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.
2004年考研英语一真题 第 6 页 共 12 页Text3
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet.
But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she’d
like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime
customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a
good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without
when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping
at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of
NeimanMarcus.“Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too,”shesays.
Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is
cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From
car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper
their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between
Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time.Already,
experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any
alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say
they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects even as they do some
modestbelt-tightening.
Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their
own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In
Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range,
predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San
Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30
offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate
broker.And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a
job.
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer
forlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.
Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors
nowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupside,too.
Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot newAlain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible.
Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystill beworthtoasting.
2004年考研英语一真题 第 7 页 共 12 页31. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author
means .
［A］Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness
［B］Speroistoomuchengaged inherwork
［C］Sperohasgrown outofherbadhabit
［D］Speroisnotinadesperatesituation
32.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?
［A］Optimistic.
［B］Confused.
［C］Carefree.
［D］Panicked.
33. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range”(Line 3, Paragraph 3), the
authoristalkingabout_______.
［A］goldmarket
［B］realestate
［C］stockexchange
［D］ventureinvestment
34.Why canmanypeoplesee“silverlinings”totheeconomicslowdown?
［A］Theywouldbenefitincertainways.
［B］Thestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery.
［C］Suchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom.
［D］Thepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced.
35.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?
［A］Anewboom,onthehorizon.
［B］Tightenthebelt,thesingleremedy.
［C］Cautionallright,panicnot.
［D］Themoreventures,themorechances.
2004年考研英语一真题 第 8 页 共 12 页Text4
Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes,
entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our
children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of
knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to
find.
“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than
intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.”
Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back:ACentury of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of
anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to
theAmericandistastefor intellectualpursuits.
But they could and should be. Encouraging kidsto reject the life of the mind leaves
them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to
defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our
democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a
second-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”
“Intellectisresentedasaform ofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessor
Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning
bookon therootsof anti-intellectualism in USpolitics, religion, and education.From the
beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven
us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native
intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn
fromabook.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling
and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in
schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a
bellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplified
American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and
learningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.
Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we
reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind.
Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines,
ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizes,andimagines.
School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s
educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their
hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least
intellectualpromise.”
2004年考研英语一真题 第 9 页 共 12 页36.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?
［A］Thehabitofthinkingindependently.
［B］Profound knowledgeoftheworld.
［C］Practicalabilitiesfor futurecareer.
［D］Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.
37.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof .
［A］undervaluingintellect
［B］favoringintellectualism
［C］supportingschoolreform
［D］suppressingnative intelligence
38.TheviewsofRavitehandEmersononschoolingare .
［A］identical
［B］similar
［C］complementary
［D］opposite
39.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably .
［A］apioneerofeducationreform
［B］anopponentofintellectualism
［C］ascholarinfavorofintellect
［D］anadvocateofregularschooling
40.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?
［A］It issecondtointelligence.
［B］Itevolvesfromcommonsense.
［C］Itistobepursued.
［D］It underliespower.
2004年考研英语一真题 第 10 页 共 12 页Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWER SHEET2.(10points)
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries.
(41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the
process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse
languages could be.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very
different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir,
were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during
thefirst half of the twentieth century.(42)Weare obliged to them because someof these
languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became
assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this
century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language,
were not always so grateful. (43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly
differentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholars
even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are
indeeddifferent,somuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacode
duringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages.
Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian
languages. (44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf
developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual
thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts
and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track
and not along another. (45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism
which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the
grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the
culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,
but this term is somewhat inappropriate.Although both Sapir andWhorf emphasized the
diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic
determinism.
2004年考研英语一真题 第 11 页 共 12 页Section III Writing
46.Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
describethedrawing,
1) interpretitsmeaning,and
2) supportyourviewwithexamples.
Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)
2004年考研英语一真题 第 12 页 共 12 页
