文档内容
考研英语一真题
2025
Text1
The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has landed a scholarly punch after
文法学校 打中 学术的 冲压
ground-breaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children's literacy and
开拓性的 研究 莎士比亚 有益 读写能力
emotional development. But only if you act him out.
情感的 发展 表演出来
在富有开拓性的研究表明莎士比亚的作品确实对儿童的读写能力和情感发展有益后，这位来自埃
文河畔斯特拉特福文法学校的男生 (莎士比亚) 在学术界打出了一记“重拳”。但前提是要把他的作品
表演出来
A study found that a “rehearsal room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened
排练 方法 增长
children's vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy.
词汇量 复杂性 情感素养
“The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use
演员 有重要影响
language and also how they think about themselves,” Jacqui O'Hanlon of the Royal
语言
Shakespeare Company (RSC), which commissioned the study, said.
莎士比亚剧团 正式委托
一项研究发现，采用“排练室”教学法来教授莎士比亚的作品能够扩大儿童的词汇量、增加他们
写作的复杂性，还能提升他们的情感素养。委托开展这项研究的皇家莎士比亚剧团 (RSC) 的杰姬·奥
汉隆表示：“研究表明，演员的表演方式对儿童运用语言的方式以及他们看待自己的方式有重大影响。”
1The randomised control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils-aged nine and ten-at 45
随机的 对照试验 涉及 5年级
state primary schools that had not been “previously exposed to RSC pedagogy”. They were
公立学校 以前 暴露 教学法
split into target and control groups and asked to write, for example, a message in a bottle as
使分开 实验组和对照组
Ferdinand after the shipwreck in The Tempest. The target group was given a 30-minute drama-
海难 实验组 喜剧
based activity to accompany the passage.
活动 配合
这项随机对照试验涉及45所公立小学数百名9到10岁的五年级学生，这些学校此前未曾“接触
过皇家莎士比亚剧团的教学法” 。学生们被分成实验组和对照组，并被要求写作，例如，以《暴风
雨》中遭遇海难后的费迪南德的身份写一封放在瓶中的信。实验组的学生被安排了一项 30分钟的基
于戏剧表演的活动，以配合这段文字
The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider
同行评审 学生 利用 更广泛
vocabulary, used words “'classed as more sophisticated or rarer”, and wrote at greater length.
词汇 归类 复杂的 更罕见 篇幅
They also “appear to be more comfortable writing in role...while [control] group imagine how
舒适自如 想象
they themselves would react to being shipwrecked. [target] group put themselves in the shoes
反应 海难 处于某人的境地
of a literary character and express that character's emotion’.
文学的 角色 表达 角色情感
2同行评议的结果显示，实验组的学生运用了更广泛的词汇，使用了“被归类为更高级或更罕见的”
词汇，并且写作篇幅更长。他们“在代入角色写作时似乎也更自如……对照组的学生想象自己遭遇海
难时会如何反应，而实验组的学生则站在文学角色的角度，表达该角色的情感”。
The Time to Act study also found that while control pupils relied on “desert island cliches”
表演时刻 依赖 荒岛 陈词滥调
such as palm trees, target pupils were “more expansive [giving] a broader picture of the sky,
棕榈树 广泛的 更广阔
the sea and the atmospheric conditions”.
大气的 情况
这项名为“表演时刻”的研究还发现，对照组的学生依赖棕榈树之类的“荒岛陈词滥调”，而实
验组的学生“描述得更为广泛，能描绘出天空、大海以及大气情况这些更广阔的画面”。
O'Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in
惊讶 情感素养 显而易见的
the [target] children's writing” and that they were “more resilient in their writing, more
有适应力的
hopeful”. She added: “The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related
情感 明显
to the [rehearsal room process] where you are used to trying to imagine your way through.
有关 排练 习惯
They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you do in
自如地 描述 情感状态
drama is put yourself indifferent shoes." The study showed the importance of embedding the
戏剧 （使）嵌入
arts in education. she said.
教育
3奥汉隆说，最令她惊讶的是“实验组儿童的写作展现出的明显的情感素养”，而且他们的“写作
更具韧性，更充满希望她补充道：“情感理解体现得极为明显，这很可能与‘排练室’过程有关，在
这个过程中，你要习惯设身处地地去想象。他们能自如地描述不同的情感状态，而在戏剧表演中你要
做的一部分工作就是代入不同的角色。”她称，这项研究彰显了将艺术融入教育的重要性。
But could the results be replicated with any old dramatist? O'Hanlon said more research
复制 剧作家
would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare's use of 20,000 words, compared with the
与…相比较
everyday 2,000 words, gave a “massive expansion of language into children's lives”, which
巨大的 扩展
was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”.
与…结合 使更生动
但是，任何一位古代剧作家 (的作品) 都能取得同样的效果吗？奥汉隆表示，这还需要进一步研
究，不过她认为，相较于日常使用的2000个词汇，莎士比亚使用了 20000 个词汇，这使得“大量的
语言融入儿童的生活”，同时儿童“用全身赋予词汇生命力”
Text2
I was shocked to learn recently that some scientists want to scale back their research in an
震惊 最近 科学家 缩小 研究
effort to decrease carbon emissions. The crisis is here, they said, and we need to cut back on
努力 减少 碳 排放物 危机 减少
our energy-intensive modelling. At the very least, we need to make our energy use far more
能源密集型的 建模 至少
sustainable.
可持续的
4最近我得知一些科学家想要缩减他们的研究规模以减少碳排放，这让我感到震惊。他们说，危机
已然来临，我们需要减少能源密集型的建模工作。至少，我们需要让能源使用更具可持续性。
It is unarguable that our laboratories, scientific instruments, rockets and satellites the tools
无可争辩的 实验室 仪器 火箭 人造卫星
we scientists need to measure the planet's pulse-demand significant amounts of energy both in
测量 脉搏 需求 显著
their construction and operation. And itis equally true that science's unrelenting appetite for
建造 运行 持续的 强烈欲望
information has caused a mushrooming of energy-intensive data centres around the world.
迅速增多 能源密集型 数据中心
According to the International Energy Agency, these buildings now consume about 1 per cent
国际能源署 消耗
of the world's electricity.
电力
无可争辩的是，我们的实验室、科学仪器、火箭和卫星——这些我们科学家用来测量地球“脉搏”
的工具——在建造和运行过程中都需要大量的能源。同样不可否认的是，科学对信息持续不断的追求
导致世界各地能源密集型的数据中心迅速增多。据国际能源署称，这些数据中心如今消耗着全球约1%
的电力
However, this is a price we must pay for understanding the world. How can we inform
告知
decision makers about the best ways to bring down carbon emissions if we can't track the
决定 减少 碳排放 跟踪
amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, where it's coming from and who's producing it?
二氧化碳 大气
5The carbon emissions from technological research are well spent: ultimately this research will
碳排放 技术的 值得的 最终
safeguard the future of our planet.
保护
然而，这是我们了解世界必须付出的代价。如果我们无法跟踪大气中的二氧化碳含量、二氧化碳
的来源及其产生者，我们又如何能告知决策者减少碳排放的最佳方法呢？技术研究产生的碳排放是值
得的：最终，这类研究将保护我们地球的未来
It can be hard for scientists to make the case because our work is complex often takes place
复杂的 发生、进行
behind closed doors and does not always lend itself to easy interpretation or explanation. But
适合于 说明 解释
demonstrating the efficacy of science will be crucial if we are to solve humanity's greatest
证明 有效性 至关重要的 人类
challenges.
对于科学家来说，要证明科学的有效性很难，因为我们的工作复杂，往往秘密进行，而且并不总
是容易说明或解释。但是，如果我们要解决人类面临的最大挑战，那么证明科学的有效性将是至关重
要的。
Recognising the hope that science and engineering can bring was the impetus behind the
认识到 动力
creation of the Millennium Technology Prize, which is now entering its 20th year as a
创立 千禧技术奖
celebration of human ingenuity. One of the past winners, Professor Martin Green from the
颂扬 独创力
6University of New South Wales, Australia, is the inventor of the Passivated Emitter and Rear
发明者
Cell technology which is now found in most of the world's solar panels. Thanks to his invention,
太阳能电池板
we have a real chance to decrease the world's carbon emissions.
减少
认识到科学和工程能够带来的希望推动了“千禧技术奖”的创立，如今该奖项已步入第 20 个年
头，它是对人类创造力的一种颂扬。澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的马丁·格林教授是往届获奖者之一，
他发明了钝化发射极和背面电池技术 (PERC 技术) ，这项技术现已应用于全球大多数太阳能电池板。
多亏了他的发明，我们才真正有机会减少全球的碳排放
Every day, scientists, technologists and engineers are discovering new ways to exploit
工程师 探索、发现 开发
renewable energy sources and develop techniques not just to use power more intelligently but
可再生能源 技术 智能
to power our intelligence. A great example of this is Europe's largest supercomputer, LUMI in
智能 例子 超级计算机
Finland, which is astonishingly carbon-negative. Established in an old paper mill, it is powered
惊讶 碳负排放 建立 工厂
by a nearby river and its remote heat warms the people who live in the surrounding town of
余热 附近的
Kajaani.
科学家、技术专家和工程师每天都在探索开发可再生能源和技术的新方法，这不仅是为了更智能
地利用能源，还为了给我们的智能发展提供动力。位于芬兰的欧洲最大的超级计算机 LUMI 就是一个
很好的例子，它实现了碳负排放，这令人惊讶。它被建在一家旧造纸厂内，依靠附近的一条河流提供
动力，其散发的余热还能为附近的卡亚尼城镇的居民供暖。
7If the world is to meet its net-zero ambitions, we must think hard about how we can deliver
净零 目标
sustainable computing and deliver more LUMIs.
可持续的
如果全球要实现净零排放的目标，我们必须认真思考如何推广可持续计算以及打造更多像 LUMI
这样的项目
Text 3
Ever since taking on Netflix Inc. at its own game, old Hollywood has struggled to turn a
自从…以来 挣扎
profit in streaming, with the likes of Disney+, Peacock and Paramount-losing billions of
盈利 流媒体 数十亿
dollars each year, sparking concerns on Wall Street that the services will never be as profitable
引起 担忧 华尔街 服务 盈利的
as cable once was. But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners:
益处 出乎意料的
pirates that use software to rip a film or television show in seconds from legitimate online
盗版者 撷取 非法的
video platforms and host the titles on their own, illegitimate services, which rake in about $2
平台 非法 赚大钱
billion annually from ads and subscriptions.
每年 订购、订阅
自从在奈飞公司擅长的领域与其展开竞争以来，老牌好莱坞(影业)在流媒体领域一直难以盈利，像迪
士尼+、孔雀台和派拉蒙+等 (流媒体平台) 每年都亏损数十亿美元，这在华尔街引起了流媒体服务将
永远不会像曾经的有线电视那样盈利的担忧。但是，流媒体时代对一些意想不到的赢家来说却是一件
8好事：盗版者利用软件在几秒钟内就能从合法的在线视频平台上盗取一部电影或一档电视节目，并将
这些影视剧片名 (对应的影视作品) 存放在他们自己的非法 (流媒体) 服务 (平台) 上，这些非法 (流
媒体) 服务 (平台) 每年从广告和订阅中获利约 20亿美元
With no video production costs, illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins
视频制作成本 非法 网站 利润率
approaching 90%, according to the Motion Picture Association (MPA), a trade group
接近 行业
representing Hollywood studios that's working to crack down on the thousands of illegal
代表 致力于 严厉打击、镇压
platforms that have cropped up in recent years.
平台 出现
根据维护好莱坞电影公司利益的行业组织美国电影协会 (MPA) 的说法，由于没有视频制作成本，
非法流媒体网站的利润率已接近90%。该组织正致力于严厉打击近年来涌现的数千个非法平台。
Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital
最初 合法 在线公司 控制、抑制
piracy, which had largely been based on file uploads. But now piracy involving illegal
盗版行为 主要 基于 文件 盗版 涉及
streaming services as well as file-sharing costs the US economy about $30 billion in lost
文件共享
revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs, estimates the US Chamber of Commerce's Global
收入 估计
Innovation Policy Center. The global impact is about $71 billion annually.
影响 每年
最初，像奈飞这样的合法在线公司的兴起的确帮助遏制了数字盗版行为，此前，数字盗版主要基
9于文件上传。但据美国商会全球创新政策中心估计，目前涉及非法流媒体服务和文件共享的盗版行为
每年给美国经济造成约 300 亿美元的收入损失，并导致大约 25 万个工作岗位流失。全球范围内的影
响则达到每年约710亿美元。
“The people who are stealing our movies and our television shows and operating piracy
盗窃 经营
sites are not mom and pop operations," says Charlie Rivkin, chief executive officer of the MPA.
小本经营 首席执行官
“This is organized crime.” Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five
有组织的 犯罪 组织
years earlier to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valley to win passage of
达成共识 （法案的）通过
legislation in Congress aimed at stopping online piracy. In 2017 the association formed the
立法 国会 盗版 协会
Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment (ACE), an enforcement task force of about 100
联盟、结盟团队 强制执行 特别工作组
detectives circling the globe to help local authorities arrest streaming pirates.
侦探 遍布 当局 抓捕 盗版者
“那些窃取我们的电影和电视节目、经营盗版网站的人并不是小本经营，”MPA的首席执行官查
理·里夫金说道“这是有组织的犯罪。”里夫金于 2017年加入了 MPA，而五年前，该组织未能促使
好莱坞和硅谷达成共识，此共识意在使国会通过一项旨在制止网络盗版的立法。2017年，该协会组建
了创意与娱乐联盟(ACE)，这是一支由约 100 名侦探组成的执法特别工作组，他们遍布全球，旨在协
助地方当局抓捕流媒体盗版者
ACE says it's helped shrink the number of illegal streaming services in North America to
减少
126, from more than 1,400 in 2018, aided in part by the MPA's support for a 2020 federal law
支持 联邦法律
10that made large-scale streaming of copyrighted material a serious crime.
大规模的 获得…的版权 材料 重罪
ACE 表示，它已帮助将北美的非法流媒体服务 (平台) 的数量从2018年的1400多个减少到 126
个，这一成果在一定程度上得益于 MPA对 2020年的一项联邦法律的支持，该法律将对版权材料进行
的大规模流媒体传播行为定为重罪。
Consulting firm Parks Associates predicts that legitimate US streaming services’
预测 合法
cumulative loss from piracy since 2022 will reach $113 billion in the next two years. “While
累计的
there is some optimism that emerging countermeasures and best practices may see piracy begin
乐观主义 新兴的 对策、反措施
to plateau by 2027, there is no consensus among stakeholders as to when it may begin to
保持稳定水平 共识 有权益关系者
decline," says analyst Steve Hawley.
减少
帕克斯咨询公司预测，自 2022 年开始，合法的美国流媒体服务 (平台) 因盗版行为而遭受的累
计损失将在未来两年达到 1130 亿美元。分析师史蒂夫·霍利表示：虽然有人抱有乐观态度，认为新
兴对策和最佳实践或许会使盗版行为到 2027 年开始趋于平稳，但各利益相关方对盗版行为何时开始
减少并未达成共识。”
Text 4
Visit any antiques store and you'll encounter artifacts from the past: photographs, letters, a
古董 偶然碰到 人工制品 照片
brochure detailing the Sinclair dinosaur exhibit from the 1964-1965 World's Fair, the ephemera
手册 详述 恐龙 展览 短暂印记
11of history. Yet these objects aren't truly ephemeral, because they're still here, decades, even
短暂的、瞬息的 几十年
centuries later. Why? Because they're tangible.
有形的、实际的
走进任何一家古董店，你都会看到来自过去的物品：照片、信件、一份详细介绍1964 年至 1965
年世界博览会上辛克莱恐龙展的手册，这些物品都是历史的短暂印记。然而，这些物品并非真正转瞬
即逝，因为它们历经数十年甚至数百年后依然留存至今。这是为什么呢？因为它们是有形的。
Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that
考虑 无形的 格式 数字资料
those who produce these artifacts seldom make provision for their long-term preservation? For
很少 准备 长期 保存
millennia, we've known what we've known due to artifacts that have survived, often despite
几千年 因为 事物 保存下来 尽管
their original creators’ neglect. The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information. At
起初的 创造者 忽略 媒介 传递
the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analog materials
尝试 有意的 保存 模拟的
have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians,
留存 传记作家 历史学家
and novelists rely on. Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility
小说家 图书馆 档案馆 历来 承担责任
of organization, preservation, and access to information. One of S.R. Ranganathan's
整理 保存
foundational Laws of Library Science is “Save the time of the reader." Thus, librarians digitize
图书管理员 数字化
12the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings.
有形 获取 馆藏
The result is an embarrassment of historical riches, which brings its own needle-and-haystack
多到难以选择 大海捞针的问题
problems.
考虑到那些创造无形格式(数字资料)的人很少会为其长期保存做准备，你可曾思考过它们的生命
周期呢？几千年来，我们之所以了解我们所知的事物，是因为那些留存下来的物品，尽管它们的原始
创作者疏于保护，它们往往也能得以幸存。物品本身就是传递信息的媒介。在创造之时人们并未尝试
刻意保存(这些物品)，但模拟资料却有机会留存下来，并成为传记作家、历史学家和小说家所依赖的
历史记录。图书馆和档案馆历来肩负着整理资料、保存资料和提供资料查阅的责任。S.R.Ranganathan
的图书馆学基础定律之一便是“节省读者的时间”。因此，图书馆管理员将有形的资料数字化，以便
世界各地的研究人员能够快速搜索和获取其馆藏资料。结果是，历史资料多到令人犯难，这也带来了
“大海捞针”的问题
Librarians’ selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access
无私 奉献 反对 普遍性
by holding up a cellphone and saying, “it's all in here” as evidence that libraries are less vital
举起 证据、证明 重要
for researchers today. Yet how was that universality of access made possible and, perhaps more
或许
importantly, how is it maintained? Who curates what is preserved? When it comes to born-
维护 管理 保存
digital information, the terrifying answer can be: if not librarians and archivists, then no one.
原生数字资料 令人恐惧的 档案保管员
Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.
需要 模拟资料
当用户通过举起手机说“它(所有资料)都在这里”来指出获取资料的普遍性，以此证明图书馆如
13今对研究人员来说不再那么重要时，图书馆管理员的无私奉献可能会对我们不利。然而，这种获取资
料的普遍性是如何实现的，或许更重要的是,它是如何维护的?谁来管理那些被保存下来的资料呢? 当
涉及原生数字资料时，可怕的答案可能是:如果没有图书馆管理员和档案管理员，那就没有人负责管
理了。数字资料比模拟资料需要更多的维护。
Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that's saved, not the
对象 保存 载体
information itself. As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is
进步 格式 过时的
useless. Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this?
盯着 无助地 导出文件
Without constant migration of digital assets, a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what
迁移 资产 噩梦 可预见的
keeps historians up at night: a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog.
使某人夜不能寐 突然地 模拟
即使一个设题句数字对象被保存下来，可能也只是保存了其载体，而非资料本身。随着技术的进
步和格式的过时，这个对象就没有用了。你是否曾无助地盯着一个 ZIP 磁盘，心想:我如何才能把文
件从这里导出来？倘若不对数字资产进行不断迁移，一场关于可预见的未来的噩梦就会让历史学家们
夜不能寐:当数字取代模拟时，历史记录将会突然中断
As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets, I share
图书管理员 围绕 馆藏 数字资产
the night terrors of historians, and I'd be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution
与某人一样夜不能寐 全面的 方案
currently exists. Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of
欣慰 众多、大量
librarians devoted to discovering, organizing, and preserving digital information for
致力于 发现 组织 保护
14researchers current and future. Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users
当前和未来 独特地 使处于
seek and use information. Thus, we play an integral role in identifying, preserving, and
不可或缺的 发现
providing accessibility to digital artifacts so that, while future researchers may find the digital
辅助
realm a challenging place to ply their trade, they won't find it an impossible one.
领域 从事工作、做事
作为一名日常工作围绕特殊馆藏和数字资产的图书馆管理员，我与历史学家一样夜不能寐，如果
我说目前存在一个全面的保存方案，那我就是在说谎。然而，研究人员可以稍感欣慰的是，有许多图
书馆管理员致力于发现、整理和保存数字资料，以供当前和未来的研究人员使用。图书馆管理员在了
解终端用户如何查找和使用资料方面已经做好了准备。因此，我们在发现、保存数字化物品以及提供
其获取途径方面发挥着不可或缺的作用，这样，尽管未来的研究人员可能会觉得数字领域是一个充满
挑战的研究领域，但他们不会觉得这是一个无法涉足的领域
15
