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高考阅读难题大综合(细节+主旨+含义)(下)
•• OOnnlliinnee ssppeennddiinngg iinn tthhee UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess iiss eexxppeecctteedd ttoo jjuummpp 4455 ppeerrcceenntt iinn tthhee
第第一篇篇：经经济济类类
next four years, from$226 billion this year to$327 billion in 2017, according
• Online shoppers would rather receive an offer(出价）for a product or to Forrester Research Inc. Nevertheless, researches into this prosperous
serviice tthhan makke tthheiir own offffer, accorddiing tto a sttuddy lledd bby a MMiichhiigan market remain largely focused on the strategies of companies, rather than
State University scholar that has implications for the fast-growing e- those of shoppers. Conlon‘s study is, obviously, a rare exception. Conlon got
commerce industryy. The findinggs mayy come as a surpprise ggiven that shoppppingg tthhee iiddeeaa ffoorr tthhee ssttuuddyy aafftteerr ccoonnssiiddeerriinngg tthhee ddiiffffeerreennccee bbeettwweeeenn ttwwoo ppooppuullaarr
online is an anonymous(匿名的)process that seemingly can give consumers sites for hotels and airline flights, priceline.com, which takes bids, and
more confidence to drive a hard bargain, said Don Conlon, Professor of hotwire.com, which provides offers. Using these two models, Conlon and his
MMaannaaggeemmeenntt iinn MMSSUU''ss BBrrooaadd CCoolllleeggee ooff BBuussiinneessss. ffellllow researchhers condducttedd a seriies off experiimentts wiitthh more tthhan 885500
• But the study found that participants who made their own offers were less people who were charged with booking a fictional hotel room and acquiring a
successful in sealingg the deal and,, when theyy were successful,, worried theyy fictional antiqque car. Not onlyy did pparticippants pprefer to receive bids,, Conlon
overpaid. Many shoppers found the process of researching an offer to be a said, but they also secured (获得）more deals in that receiver role. Further,
hassle (麻烦事）. "Americans are very busy, and it's less time-consuming to when they had to make the bids, they were left more mentally taxed and
bbee tthhee oonnee rreecceeiivviinngg tthhee ooffffeerr rraatthheerr tthhaann tthhee oonnee pprrooppoossiinngg tthhee ooffffeerr,”” rreeggrreettffuull.
Conlon said. “People tend to be happier when they're in the receiver role.”
2. It can be concluded from Conlon's experiments that _____.
•• FFrroomm aann iinndduussttrryy ppeerrssppeeccttiivvee, ppuuttttiinngg ccuussttoommeerrss iinn tthhee rreecceeiivveerr rroollee
A. online shopping is time-consuming
may help fill more hotel rooms and airplane seats. “If you're a
B. given prices help promote online sales
business with a lot of pproducts,, ” Conlon said,, “yyou mayy want to be the
one making the offers.” However, when selling single items, such as an C. online businesses provide a lot of products
antique car, accepting bids may be a better option since that typically D. receiving offers makes online shoppers regretful
driives up the priice, he saiid.
3. The underlined word“taxed" in Para. 4 probably means _____.
1. What can we learn from Para. 1?
A. burdened B. cheerfulC. relieved D. challenged
A. The result of the study gives customers more confidence.
B. Scholars aren't surprised at the findings of the study.
Not only did participants prefer to receive bids, Conlon said, but they
C. Online shoppers don't bargain as much as expected.
allso securedd ((获获得得））more ddealls iin tthhatt receiiver rolle. FFurtthher, whhen tthhey
D. E-commerce industry drives more hard bargains.
had to make the bids, they were left more mentally taxed and regretful.
14. The passage is mainly about _____.
第第二篇篇：：环环保保类类
A. the big advantages of online shopping
B. the rapid development of online shopping
• （1）As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in
tthhee ppaasstt cceennttuurriieess, aa nneeww eelleeccttrriiccaall ggeenneerraattiinngg((发发电电)) aanndd ttrraannssmmiissssiioonn((
C. online shoppers' preference for taking offers
输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West,
D. online companies' strategies to improve service
for better or worse. Much of the real siggnificance of railroads and
highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the
ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of
big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move
electricity around.
•• （（22））TThhee 1199tthh cceennttuurryy ssaaww llaanndd ggrraannttss((政政府府拨拨地地)) ooffffeerreedd ttoo rraaiillrrooaadd •• （（33））BBiigg ssoollaarr ppllaannttss aanndd tthheeiirr ppoowweerr lliinneess wwiillll aallssoo hhaavvee eeffffeeccttss ffaarr
companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument
in between pprivatelyy owned land. In much of the West,, some of the aggainst buildingg them. We need alternative energgyy badlyy,, and to reallyy
railroad sections were developed while others remained take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far
underdeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented more readily than we can now.
uniique challenges to land management. Wiith the completiion off the （（44））SSo tradde-offffs ((权权衡衡))wiillll hhave to bbe madde. SSome sceniic spots wiillll
interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up be sacrificed. Some species(物种) will be forced to move, or will be
aass rraaiillwwaayy ssttooppss aanndd ddeevveellooppeedd wweellll, hhaavvee lloosstt tthheeiirr lliiffeebblloooodd aanndd ddiieedd. ccaarreeffuullllyy mmoovveedd ttoo ssppeecciiaall aaccccoommmmooddaattiioonnss. DDeeaallss wwiillll bbee ssttrruucckk ttoo
reduce the immediate effects.
21. What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?
•• （（55））TThhee llaassttiinngg eeffffeeccttss ooff tthheessee ttrraaddee-ooffffss aarree aannootthheerr mmaatttteerr. TThhee
A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.
21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for
B. Some railroad stops remained.
alternative energgyy is ggoingg to throw off a lot of ppower and moneyy in the
CC. LLaanndd iinn tthhee wweesstt wwaass hhaarrdd ttoo mmaannaaggee.
region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of
D. Land grants went into private hands.
good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will
leave new problems behiind, jjust liike the raiilroads and the hiighways.
（6）The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions
tthhaatt ccoonnttrrooll iitt wwiillll sshhaappee tthhee WWeesstt ffaarr bbeeyyoonndd tthhee iimmmmeeddiiaattee ffoooottpprriinntt 22. WWhhaatt iiss tthhee mmaajjoorr ccoonncceerrnn iinn tthhee ddeevveellooppmmeenntt ooff aalltteerrnnaattiivvee eenneerrggyy
of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of according to the last two paragraphs?
the railroads and the higghwayys as we construct these new ppower pplants
AA.. TThhee ttrraannssmmiissssiioonn ooff ppoowweerr
in the West.
B. The use of money and power
CC.. TThhee ccoonnsseerrvvaattiioonn ooff ssoollaarr eenneerrggyy
D. The selection of an ideal place
• 第三篇：心理学
•• 33. WWhhiicchh iiss tthhee bbeesstt ttiittllee ffoorr tthhee ppaassssaaggee??
• （（11））WWhhat exactlly iis iintelllliigence?? TThhere aren’’t any easy answers.
A. How the railways have affected the west.
Despite the progress that has been made in genetics and psychology,
B. How solar energgyy could reshappe the west.
hhuummaann iinntteelllliiggeennccee hhaass rreemmaaiinneedd oonnee ooff tthhee mmoosstt ccoonnttrroovveerrssiiaall aarreeaass ooff
C. How the effects of power plants can be reduced.
modern science，until now, that is, for the discovery of a gene(基因)
D. How the problems of the highways have been settled .
linked to intelliggence has made the experts think aggain.
3•• （（22））RRoobbeerrtt PPlloommiinnooff tthhee IInnssttiittuuttee ooff PPssyycchhiiaattrryy iinn LLoonnddoonn aanndd hhiiss •• （（33））SSeevveerraall ssttuuddiieess hhaavvee sshhoowwnn aa ssttrroonngg lliinnkk bbeettwweeeenn IIQQ aanndd ccaarreeeerr
colleagues in the US have been looking into genetic make-up. From success, although some psychologists remain unconvinced about this.
their research,, theyy have discovered that a sligghtlyy different ggene is Professor Michael Rowe,, who has written a book called Genius
more common in those with a high IQ. Plominanalyzed DNA from two Explained, is one of these. “The people with the highest IQs are not
groups of 51 children aged between 6 and 15. What he found was that usually the ones who do best in their careers.”
the ffiirst group had an IQQ off 113366, puttiing them iin the top 5%% off the • （4）Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence,
population, while the other group had an average IQ of 103. An IQ isn’t everything. Many alternative views have been put forward
aannaallyyssiiss ooff tthheeiirr ggeenneess sshhoowweedd tthhaatt 3322%% ooff cchhiillddrreenn iinn tthhee hhiigghheerr recenttlly. OOne examplle iis tthhe iiddea off mullttiiplle iinttelllliigences, whhiichh was
group had the gene in question, while only 16% in the second group developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner. This
did. However, there is a lot more research to be done, and Plomin ooffffeerrss aa mmuucchh bbrrooaaddeerr vviieeww tthhaann tthhee IIQQ tthheeoorryy,, iinncclluuddiinngg ccrreeaattiivviittyy aanndd
himself is cautious at this early stage. He suggests that there are communication skills as relevant factors(因素) in intelligence.
probably many genes that contribute to intelligence, rather than just
one.
1. What is the topic of the passage?
•• （（55））TToonnyy BBuuzzaann, bbrraaiinn eexxppeerrtt aanndd aauutthhoorr ooff MMaasstteerr yyoouurr MMeemmoorryy, iiss
A. The relationship between genes and intelligence.
enthusiastic about this belief, arguing that true geniuses(天才) do
B. IQ benefits a lot from high intelligence.
indeed appppear to combine higgh levels of each tyyppe of intelliggence. He
CC. HHow tto ddevellop iinttelllliigence.
lists Alexander the Great, Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein as
D. What makes intelligence.
examples. At the same time, Buzanbelieves that everyone can develop
theiir iintelliigence, only iiff they take the trouble to exerciise theiir braiin.
Perhaps there’s hope for us all!
22. WWhhy ddoes tthhe autthhor use ddatta iin PParagraphh 22??
A. To make a suggestion.
BB. TToo ddrraaww aa ccoonncclluussiioonn.
C. To prove an idea.
D. To ggive an exampple.
43. What can we learn from the passage? • （3）Several studies have shown a strong link between IQ and career
A. Robert Plominconfirms genes have something in common. success, although some psychologists remain unconvinced about this.
B. Howard Gardner thinks intelligence includes various factors. Professor Michael Rowe, who has written a book called Genius
CC. MMiichhaell RRowe approves off a sttrong lliinkk bbettween IIQQ andd career. EExxppllaaiinneedd, iiss oonnee ooff tthheessee. “TThhee ppeeooppllee wwiitthh tthhee hhiigghheesstt IIQQss aarree nnoott
D. Tony Buzanagrees geniuses exercise brain to improve intelligence. usually the ones who do best in their careers.”
• 33.. WWhhaatt ccaann wwee lleeaarrnn ffrroomm tthhee ppaassssaaggee??
•
C. Michael Rowe apppproves of a strongg link between IQQ and career.
第四篇：七选五
•• 44. WWhhaatt ddooeess tthhee uunnddeerrlliinneedd wwoorrdd ""TThhiiss"" iinn PPaarraaggrraapphh 44 rreeffeerr ttoo??
A. The development of intelligence.
• Since the pre-historic times, man has had an urge to satisfy his needs,
BB. TThhee iiddeeaa ooff mmuullttiippllee iinntteelllliiggeenncceess.
bbuutt aass wwee cclliimmbbeedd tthhee sstteeppss ooff eevvoolluuttiioonn wwiitthh ggiiaanntt lleeaappss, wwee ssoommeehhooww
C. IQ isn't everything for intelligence.
left behind common sense and logical thinking —we forgot that we
D. Alternative views have been put forward.
have stopppped thinkingg ahead of times.
（4）Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence,
• If you are hungry, what do you do? Grab a piece of your favorite meal
IQ isn’t everything. Many alternative views have been put forward
and stay quiet after that? 71 . But it never lets you know, because
recently. One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was
you keep it busy thinking about your favorite star and many such
developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner.
absurd things. When mind loses its freedom to grow, creativity gets a
TThhiissooffffeerrss aa mmuucchh bbrrooaaddeerr vviieeww tthhaann tthhee IIQQ tthheeoorryy, iinncclluuddiinngg
ffullll sttop. TThhiis miighhtt bbe tthhe reason whhy we allll somettiimes tthhiinkk ""WWhhatt
creativity and communication skills as relevant factors(因素) in
happens next?", "Why can't I think?". Well this is the consequence of
intelliggence.
uussiinngg oouurr bbrraaiinn ffoorr tthhiinnkkiinngg ooff nnoott-ssoo-wwoorrtthhyy tthhiinnggss..
5•• HHuunnggeerr ooff tthhee mmiinndd ccaann bbee aaccttuuaallllyy ssaattiissffiieedd tthhrroouugghh eexxtteennssiivvee rreeaaddiinngg. •• AAccttuuaallllyy, II hhaadd aa pprroobblleemm iinn ssppeeaakkiinngg EEnngglliisshh fflluueennttllyy, bbuutt aass II rreeaadd, II
Now why reading and not watching TV? 72 . Just like that to could improve significantly. 75 . So guys do join me and give food
developp other asppects of our life,, we have to take advantagge of readingg. for yyour thougghts byy readingg,, readingg and more readingg. Now what
You have innumerable number of books in this world which will are you waiting for?
answer all your “How to?” questions. 73 . Now this seed is
unknowiingly used by you iin your ffuture to develop new iideas. The
same seed if used many times, can help you link and relate a lot of
tthhiinnggss, ooff wwhhiicchh yyoouu wwoouulldd hhaavvee nneevveerr tthhoouugghhtt ooff iinn yyoouurr wwiillddeesstt
dreams! This is nothing other than creativity. The larger number of
books yyou read, yyour mind will oppen upp like never before. Also this
improves your speaking skills to a large extent and also makes a
significant contribution to your vocabulary in writing. 74
A. Soon you will find no difficulty using the right words when speaking.
B. The interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seed.
C. I am still on the path of improvement to satisfy my thirst.
D. Just like your stomach, even your mind is hungry.
E. Because reading has been the most educative tool used by us right from
tthhe chhiillddhhoodd.
F. Within no time you never seem to run out of the right words at the right
ttiimmee.
G. Because watching TV too often will make you a “couch potato”.
6
