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高考阅读难题大综合(细节+主旨+含义)(上)
•• ((22))TThheerree iiss nnoo nneecceessssaarryy ccoonnnneeccttiioonn bbeettwweeeenn tthhee ssyymmbbooll aanndd tthhaatt
which it stands for. Just as social positions can be symbolized by
选自北京高考D篇阅读：
feathers worn on the head,, byy ggold on the watch chain,, or byy a
• Language as a System of Symbols thousand other things according to the culture we live in, so the fact of
• (1) Of all systems of symbols(符号), language is the most highly being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises
developed. It has been pointed out that human beings, by agreement, accordiing to the culture we liive iin.
can make anything stand for anything. Human beings have agreed, in
tthhee ccoouurrssee ooff cceennttuurriieess ooff mmuuttuuaall((相相互互的的))ddeeppeennddeennccyy, ttoo lleett tthhee
various noises that they can produce with their lungs, throats, tongues,
teeth,, and lipps syystematicallyy stand for certain happppeninggs in their
nervous systems. We call that system of agreements language.
•• ((33))HHoowweevveerr oobbvviioouuss tthheessee ffaaccttss mmaayy aappppeeaarr aatt ffiirrsstt ggllaannccee, tthheeyy aarree 6699. LLaanngguuaaggee iiss aa hhiigghhllyy ddeevveellooppeedd ssyysstteemm ooff ssyymmbboollss bbeeccaauussee hhuummaann
actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains beings ______. (简单细节-因果细节)
to think about the subjject. Syymbols and the thinggs theyy stand for are AA. hhaavvee mmaaddee uussee ooff llaanngguuaaggee ffoorr cceennttuurriieess
independent of each other, yet we all have a way of feeling as if there
B. use our nervous systems to support language
were necessary connections. For example, there are people who feel
CC. hhaavvee mmaaddee vvaarriioouuss nnooiisseess ssttaanndd ffoorr aannyy eevveennttss
that fforeiign languages are unreasonable by nature; fforeiigners have
such funny names for things, and why can’t they call things by their D. can make anything stand for anything by agreement
rriigghhtt nnaammeess?? TThhiiss ffeeeelliinngg eexxhhiibbiittss iittsseellff mmoosstt ssttrroonnggllyy iinn tthhoossee EEnngglliisshh
and American tourists who seem to believe that they can make the
natives of anyy countryy understand Engglish if theyy shout loud enouggh.
Like the little boy who is reported to have said: “Pigs are called pigs
because they are such dirty animals,” they feel that the symbol is
iinhherenttlly((内内在在地地)) connecttedd iin some way wiitthh tthhe tthhiings symbbolliizedd.
170. What can we conclude from Paragraph 2? (复杂细节-观点细节)
7711. IInn PPaarraaggrraapphh 33, ““ttaakkee ssppeecciiaall ppaaiinnss”” pprroobbaabbllyy mmeeaannss ““_____””.
A. Different noises may mean different things.
(词汇含义题)
B. Our culture determines what a symbol stands for.
AA. ttrryy vveerryy hhaarrdd BB. ttaakkee oouurr ttiimmee
C. The language we use symbolizes our social positions.
C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful
D. Our social positions determine the way we are dressed.
(3)However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are
aaccttuuaallllyy nnoott ssoo oobbvviioouuss aass tthheeyy sseeeemm eexxcceepptt wwhheenn wwee ttaakkee ssppeecciiaall ppaaiinnss
to think about the subject.
选自高考天津D篇
7722. TThhee eexxaammppllee ooff tthhee lliittttllee bbooyy iiss uusseedd ttoo sshhooww tthhaatt _____.((复复杂杂细细节节之之
例子细节)
• (1)We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it
AA. aadduullttss oofftteenn lleeaarrnn ffrroomm tthheeiirr yyoouunngg
actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by
B. “pig” is a dirty word because pigs are dirty
reasoning.
CC. SSyymmbboollss aanndd tthhee tthhiinnggss tthheeyy ssttaanndd ffoorr aarree iinnhheerreennttllyy ccoonnnneecctteedd
• ((22))WWe achhiieve kknowlleddge passiivelly bby bbeiing tolldd bby someone ellse. MMost
D. people sometimes have wrong ideas about how language works of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that
hhaappppeennss wwhheenn wwee wwaattcchh TTVV oorr rreeaadd nneewwssppaappeerrss oorr mmaaggaazziinneess iiss ppaassssiivvee.
Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we
depend on itin our everyday communication with friends and co-
workers.
2•• ((33))UUnnffoorrttuunnaatteellyy, ppaassssiivvee lleeaarrnniinngg hhaass aa sseerriioouuss pprroobblleemm. IItt mmaakkeess uuss •• ((55))TThhaatt’’ss wwhhaatt hhaappppeennss iinn ddaaiillyy lliiffee. TThhee ssiimmppllee ffaacctt tthhaatt ppeeooppllee rreeppeeaatt
tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people
and rumor((谣言)). listen impperfectlyy. And manyy enjjoyy addingg their own creative touch to
• (4)Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person
a story, trying to improve on it, stamping(打上标记)it with their own
writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.
whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, • (6)This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement
whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may
tthhe game. TThhe llastt person wriittes ddown tthhe message wordd ffor wordd as iin tturn bbe quottedd bby yett anotthher; andd tthhiis process may conttiinue,
he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original
TTyyppiiccaallllyy,, tthhee oorriiggiinnaall mmeessssaaggee hhaass cchhaannggeedd.. wwrriitteerr bbaasseedd hhiiss ooppiinniioonn oorr ttoo cchhaalllleennggee tthhee iinntteerrpprreettaattiioonn hhee ppllaacceedd
upon those facts.
48. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______. 50. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____.
A. doing a medical experiment A. a message may be changed when being passed on
B. solving a math problem B. a message should be delivered in different ways
C. visiting an exhibition C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing
D. doing scientific reasoning D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor
49. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.
AA. aaccttiivvee lleeaarrnniinngg BB. kknnoowwlleeddggee
C. communication D. passive learning
3• Photographs are everywhere. Theydecorate (装饰) the walls of homes
• First of all,, jjoggggingg is veryy hard on the bodyy. Your leggs and feet take
andd are usedd iin stores ffor salles off ddiifffferent goodds. TThhe news iis ffiilllledd
a real pounding(追击)running down a road for two or three miles. I
with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the
developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a
bbeeaauuttiieess ooff nnaattuurree. TThheeyy ccaann aallssoo bbrriinngg tthhiinnggss cclloossee tthhaatt aarree ffaarr aawwaayy.
natiionalllly ffamous jjogger whho ddiiedd off a hheart attackk whhiille jjoggiing,
Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands,
and I had something else to worry about. Jogging doesn’t kill
and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.(陕西B)
hhuunnddrreeddss ooff ppeeooppllee, bbuutt iiff yyoouu hhaavvee aannyy pphhyyssiiccaall wweeaakknneesssseess, jjooggggiinngg
• 45. The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to . will surely bring themout, as they did with me.(浙江D)
• A. beauties B. pphotos • 5533.. Thee uunddeerlineedd wwoordd “ttheem”((Paaraaggraapph 33)) moosstt pproobbaabblyy reefeerss
• C. goods D. events to _____.
• A. heart attacks B. back pproblems
• C. famous joggers D. physical weaknesses
• Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream
• A universityy education is of hugge and direct benefit to the individual.
aanndd ssttaarrtt aaccttiioonn oonn tthhee bbrraaiinn. AAbbssoorrppttiioonn rraattee iiss iinnccrreeaasseedd wwhheenn
Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility
drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with
is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some
fruit jjuice. To gget rid of alcohol from the bodyy is a veryy slow pprocess
peoplle hhave iit. SSo thhe iinddiiviidduall, not thhe taxpayers, shhoulldd pay ffor iit.
and it is not possible to speed itup with any measures like taking a
shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.(福建A)
There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government.
UUssiinngg ttaaxxppaayyeerrss' mmoonneeyy ttoo hheellpp aa ssmmaallll nnuummbbeerr ooff ppeeooppllee ttoo eeaarrnn hhiigghh
• 57.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to
incomes in the future is not one ofthem.
“________”.
• 1.. Thee uunddeerlineedd wwoordd “ttheem” in Paaraaggraapph 2 reefeerss ttoo ________..
• AA. allcohholl BB. abbsorpttiion
(北京D-68)
• C. blood D. process
• A. taxppayyers B. ppressingg calls
• C. college graduates D. government resources
4七选五
•• DDoonn’’tt wwaaiitt ffoorr aann aappoollooggyy. MMaannyy ttiimmeess tthhee ppeerrssoonn wwhhoo hhuurrtt yyoouu ddooeess
• Forgiveness
not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just
• To forggive is a virtue,, but no one has ever said it is easyy. When don’t see thinggs the same wayy. 73 Keepp in mind that forggiveness
someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who
your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly upset you.
bbeneffiiciiall to your phhysiicall andd mentall hheallthh. PPeoplle whho fforgiive shhow • Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者). Rethinking about
less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a
you hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain. Instead of
rreecceenntt rreesseeaarrcchh. 7711 TTrryy tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg sstteeppss::
ffocusiing on your wounddedd ffeelliings, llearn tto llookk ffor tthhe llove, bbeautty
• Calm yourself. 72 You can take a couple of breaths and think of and kindness around you.
ssoomeetthingg tthaatt ggivveess yyoouu ppleeaassuuree:: aa bbeeaauuttifuul sscceenee in naattuuree,, oor
someone you love.
A. Why should you forgive?
•• 7744 IIff yyoouu uunnddeerrssttaanndd yyoouurr ooffffeennddeerr, yyoouu mmaayy rreeaalliizzee tthhaatt hhee oorr sshhee
B. How should you start to forgive?
was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to
C. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.
write a letter to yyourself from yyour offender’s ppoint of view.
D. Try to see things from you offender’s angle.
• Don’t forget to forgive yourself. 75 But it can rob you of your self-
confidence if you don’t do it. E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management
technique.
G. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully
long time.
5
