文档内容
第 17 讲 阅读理解之记叙文
1．了解记叙文的解题方法与技巧。
2．进行记叙文真题训练。
记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或
故事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻
逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、
新闻报道、日记等。从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图
等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推
进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用
来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图
之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的
主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了
这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。
解题技巧
要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累
下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。
1.关注细节
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因
此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
2.注重联系
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，
抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，
或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3.读懂表象
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在
四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be
inferred from …?”或是What does the author imply in…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要
在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
4.挖掘意义
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你
素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的
词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章
通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
（2023春·湖南郴州·高二嘉禾县第一中学校考阶段练习）One of the most touching stories of Olympic
triumph(成就)—one you might never have heard before—is that of weightlifting champion Oscar Figueroa. Over
the course of his athletic career, the 40-year-old has had the chance to compete in the Olympic Games four
different times. Those competitions came plenty of heartbreak and disappointment, before he finally got his
victory.
In the 2004 Olympic Games, Figueroa’s first appearance, he had a less-than-perfect performance but was still
able to swing a fifth-place finish. He looked forward to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games as a way to redeem
himself. Unfortunately, just two weeks before the big event, he ended up with a hand injury. This injury set him
back severely in his weightlifting and ended up costing him the competition
By the London Olympic Games in 2012, Figueroa came back readier than ever. He had an incredible run that
year and took home the silver medal. But in spite of all he’d already experienced, he still aimed higher. In 2016,
he headed to Rio to earn the highest prize—and claim that prize he did! After his final lift, knowing just how
incredible his performance had been, Figueroa fell to the ground in tears. In a few moments, he took off his shoes
and put them or the stage, symbolizing his decision to finally retire from his time as an Olympian. Amazingly
enough, he took home the gold that year!
No matter how hard he fell, he never gave up, serving as a powerful example of hope, perseverance, and
determination. Now, he can officially say he is the first Colombian man to have ever taken home the gold in his
category. “I was so low in Beijing, and I am so high here, ” he told IWF at the 2016 Olympics. ”It’s 22 years since
I started and now is the time to retire. . . But I am full of emotion—it’s as though I was lifting for the wholecountry, and those tears were for all of Colombia. ”
1．Which can replace the underlined word “redeem” in paragraph 2?
A．forgive B．thank C．prove D．abandon
2．When did Figueroa win the gold medal?
A．In 2004 B．In 2016 C．In 2008. D．In 2012.
3．Why did Figueroa take off his shoes in the Rio Olympic Games?
A．He had no intention of retiring. B．He was determined to retire as an Olympian.
C．The broken shoes forced him to retire. D．He had to retire due to his injured foot.
4．In which section of a newspaper can we read this text?
A．Entertainment. B．Health C．Education. D．Sports
（2023春·湖北宜昌·高二葛洲坝中学校考阶段练习）It is hard to say I was a runner years ago. The
longest I had ever run was 5 km. What’s more, I didn’t like running. No matter how hard I tried, every so often I
would fasten my old shoes, walk out of the house with heavy steps, get less than a mile in and wonder why I was
bothering, especially when there are many more satisfying ways of exercising.
Before last summer, I had never taken part in any kind of race at all. But at the end of July, I completed a
triathlon(三项全能)after two weeks’ training. At the end of it came the run—which ended up more like a walk.
Then I realized something about it attracted me. The extremely painful fun of doing something I hated and was
unprepared for turned out to be an excitement. The difficulty felt like something to test my abilities.
When an invitation of the Berlin Marathon dropped onto my desk a few weeks after the triathlon, it felt like a
change of fate. After the triathlon, I didn’t say I should start running at once. Was it because I hate running? In
fact, in course of running I enjoyed the joy of exceeding my limits. I felt necessary to find out again where those
limits might lie. So I said yes.
Training for a marathon often takes at least 20 weeks or more. The training plan becomes something to stop
me worrying when the race seems too frightening. This worry feels impossible to avoid, but there is something
equally sure about the training plan: if I follow it, then I have done everything I can; if I do everything I can, then
I won’t regret what comes at the end.
5．What aspect of the triathlon drew the writer?
A．The special feeling of facing a challenge.
B．The fun of walking to the finish line.
C．The excitement of winning a race.
D．The two-week painful training.
6．Why did the writer accept the invitation of the Berlin Marathon?
A．He was eager to change his destiny.B．He wasn’t supposed to stop running.
C．He wanted to realize his full potential.
D．He was keen on taking part in another triathlon.
7．Which of the following words can best describe the writer?
A．Patient and pessimistic. B．Courageous and determined.
C．Helpful and persistent. D．Energetic and changeable.
8．What can be learned from the text?
A．A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
B．Challenge ourselves to live without regrets.
C．Life is full of challenges that can’t be avoided.
D．Exercise is to the body what reading is to the mind.
（2023春·河北沧州·高二统考期中）Many people want to look away from injustice and other troubling
issues. But visual artist Siyan Wong has chosen not to look away. Through her art, she helps us see what is right
before our eyes.
Wong, who lives in New York City, was born in China. Her art focuses on women, the elderly, people who
are experiencing homelessness, and clothing industry workers.
Wong has loved art since she was a child. Her family didn’t have much money, so she and her sister would
draw and cut out paper dolls to play with. This early experience provided Wong with a creative outlet for her
emotions.
After graduating from Stuyvesant High School, she went on to college and law school. She is now a workers’
rights lawyer, but her belief in the healing (治愈) power of art remains. “Whenever I’m stressed or sad, I draw,”
Wong said. “I express my feelings through art. Art is a comfortable way to bring people together to talk about
difficult issues.”
One of Wong’s series is called “Five Cents a Can: Making Visible the Invisible”. I was inspired by the artist’s
meetings with an Asian-American woman in her neighborhood. During early morning runs, Wong noticed the
woman, who was more than 90 years old, collecting deserted cans and bottles in the dustbins behind her apartment
building.
She is currently working on a painting for her “Home and Homeless” series. In the painting, she describes
both a person who is homeless and an elderly canner. “The difference between someone who collects cans and
someone who is homeless is hope,” Wong said. Her goal is to highlight the difference between the two and bring
about questions for the viewer. Why does the elderly canner have hope, while the homeless person doesn’t? How
did these individuals end up here?
9．What does Wong’s art focus on?A．Social problems. B．Charity projects.
C．Natural environment. D．Her childhood life.
10．What does Wong think of the creation of arts?
A．It can improve her emotions.
B．It needs much money to achieve.
C．It helps the world present itself clearly.
D．It is what people should pay attention to.
11．Where did Wong get her inspiration for Five Cents a Can: Making Visible the Invisible?
A．Her profession as a lawyer. B．Cans and bottles in dustbins.
C．Poverty in her neighborhood. D．An old lady leading a hard life.
12．What is Wong’s attitude towards the lady picking up cans?
A．Doubtful. B．Grateful. C．Favorable. D．Uncaring.
（2023春·河北石家庄·高二河北师范大学附属中学校考期中）Cecilia Chiang, named the “mother of
Chinese food in American”, a famed restauranteur who helped introduce real Chinese food to America in the
1960s, died on October 28, 2020 at the age of 100. Opened in 1961, Cecilia’ legendary San Francisco restaurant,
the Mandarin, was arguably the best Chinese restaurant in the US for over 30 years. She challenged the American
idea of Chinese food and transformed their appreciation for authentic Chinese cuisine.
Ms Chiang was born in Wuxi in 1920 as the seventh daughter in a wealthy family. After her parents died,
Cecilia managed the businesses’ finances while still in her teens.
Ms Chiang came to San Francisco in 1959. Once in San Francisco, she met two acquaintances who wanted to
open a restaurant. Ms Chiang agreed to put up a huge deposit. But when the two women quit, Ms Chiang found to
her horror that the deposit was not refundable. She decided to open the restaurant herself. “I began to think that if
I could create a restaurant with Western-style service and the dishes that I was most familiar with-the delicious
food of northern China — maybe my little restaurant would succeed,” she wrote in her book.
The Mandarin, which was opened in 1961 as a small restaurant, introduced customers to mainly Sichuan,
Shanghai and Canton dishes. The early days were especially tough. But little by little, Chinese diners, and a few
Americans came regularly. Overnight, the tables filled and became a huge success.
Ms Chiang enjoyed many extraordinary honors. In 2013, when she was 93, she received the long overdue
Lifetime Achievement Award from the James Beard Awards, known as the ”Culinary Oscars“ at New York’s
Lincoln Center. Cecilia considered it her legacy to have redefined what Americans know about Chinese food and
culture. In her acceptance speech, Cecilia said, ”This is an incredible honor. James Beard was one of my close
personal friends, so this award holds a special place in my heart.“
13．When did Ms Chiang start to manage the businesses’ finances?A．In the 1920s. B．In the 1930s. C．In the 1950s. D．In the 1960s.
14．Why did Ms Chiang open a restaurant alone?
A．She wanted to live a better life.
B．She needed to get her deposit back.
C．She decided to help her acquaintances.
D．She wished to spread Chinese food across America.
15．What can be Ms Chiang’s chief achievement?
A．She changed American’s eating habits.
B．She won an Oscar award for her restaurant.
C．She showed Americans the charm of Chinese food.
D．She recorded many recipes for Chinese dishes in her book.
16．Which of the following best describes Ms Chiang?
A．Smart but stubborn. B．Adventurous but careless.
C．Devoted and brave. D．Enthusiastic and ambitious.
（2023春·江苏扬州·高二统考期中）Emma Towers-Evans first picked up a pencil when she was just two
years old and said her love for drawing originated from Free Willy, a film about killer whales. Emma loved
drawing as a hobby during her childhood and teens, but never thought it could be a future career. But after
attending the University of Surrey for music and sound-recording, she began drawing portraits (肖像) of people’s
pets. Now she creates incredible portraits of people and animals which are so realistic that they look like photos.
As her success continued, Emma decided to focus on drawing full-time and set up her own website. Now the
pencil artist sells her own original work and 25 percent of earnings from sales of her big cat series of prints go
toward conservation charities like the Born Free Foundation and LionAid.
The 29-year-old often completes the drawings on a large piece of Al or A0 paper and estimates each piece of
artwork can have upwards of 0.5 million individual pencil strokes (笔画). And it takes her up to 100 hours to draw
an excellent hyper-realistic pencil drawing.
Since the pandemic lockdown, Emma has been making videos of her painting process and sharing them on
TikTok, which have got 265,000 followers and 4.5 million likes. “The first one I posted was a time delay video of
a portrait and I can’t believe how popular it has become. The comments and support I get are amazing,” the self-
taught artist said. “It’s really exciting to see something come alive on the paper. It took me years of practice,
patience, and dedication to get to where I am today. I think anyone can get to that level as long as they have the
same determination and self-belief.”
17．What can we learn about Emma Towers-Evans?
A．She desired to be a painter as a little child.B．She was especially good at drawing whales.
C．She majored in painting during her college years.
D．She managed to turn her hobby into a career.
18．What do the figures in paragraph 3 show?
A．Good artwork is physically demanding.
B．Pencil drawings come in various sizes.
C．Pencil drawing requires much patience.
D．Pencil drawing needs professional skills.
19．How did people react to Emma’s videos on TikTok?
A．They showed little interest in them.
B．They welcomed and enjoyed them.
C．They were confused by her drawing techniques.
D．They were disappointed by the long drawing process.
20．What message does Emma try to convey in the last paragraph?
A．Rome wasn’t built in a day.
B．Time and tide wait for no man.
C．Where there is life, there is hope.
D．All things are difficult before they are easy.
（2023春·广东湛江·高二统考阶段练习）It’s never a good idea to give an animal as a gift: Just ask Harry
and Houdini. A man gave the pair of ducklings to his wife as Valentine’s Day gifts. Like many people receiving
animals as gifts, she didn’t know how to care for them-so Harry and Houdini sat, day after day, in a plastic case in
their living room. For two weeks, the ducklings never swam in a pond or saw the open sky-they never even left
the case, which grew filthier every day.
Finally, the woman called PETA and asked us to take the ducklings. When we arrived to rescue them, their
tiny case was covered with a two-week buildup of their own waste.
We took them to the Virginia Beach SPCA, where they were freed from their filthy case, cleaned up, and
finally given space to spread their wings-and then the search for the perfect home for them was on. It wasn’t long
before a PETA member named Katie offered Harry and Houdini a permanent home at her vegetarian farm in the
country, where the sweet ducklings would have the land and water that they desired.
Because the ducklings hadn’t grown up with their mother, they weren’t sure how to be ducks! To help build
up their confidence, Katie introduced them to other animals on her farm, including other ducks who could show
them how to comb their feathers, splash in water, and walk around in the fresh air.
Finally, the big day came-for the first time in their lives, Harry and Houdini got to swim in a pond! Harry andHoudini now have full, happy lives, but countless animals who are given as gifts aren’t as lucky.
21．What does the underlined word “filthier” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Healthier. B．Heavier. C．Dirtier. D．Stronger.
22．Which of the following words can best describe Katie?
A．Concerned. B．Ambitious. C．Considerate. D．asygoing.
23．What will be discussed in the following paragraph?
A．The wonderful life of the ducks.
B．Other animals living on the farm.
C．The events happening on the big day.
D．An appeal for not buying animals as gifts.
24．What is the best title of the text?
A．Animals Make for Special Gifts
B．Rescued Ducklings Enjoy a New Life
C．Katie is an Angel for Abandoned Animals
D．Virginia Beach SPCA is Home to Rescued Animals
（2023春·山东·高二山东省实验中学校考期中）Years ago, I had to travel a lot as part of work. Locked in
my depressing world then, I lived as a robot working in a mechanical way every day.
On one of my work trips, I went to take a bus downtown as usual. Unexpectedly, there was a beautifully
landscaped space that I had never seen before. The bus came along but I let it go past because I wanted more time
to enjoy the landscape. Finally, the next bus approached and I got on that one.
After a while, a boy carrying lots of bags was seated next to me. Watching how he was accommodating his
stuff, I was thinking how annoyed he must be at having to manage so much stuff. Just then, he gave me the most
sincere smile I had seen from a stranger. He said "Hi! The perfect day in the perfect place, huh?" "Perfect day!" I
answered, distracted by his shining smile and started to chat with him.
"Homeless since 10 years old, I lived on the street, but I've been lucky because I've known many people who
have been kind to me." He said simply. Hearing this, I couldn't say a word. "Now I'm on my way to the army
school where my deceased grandfather studied a long time ago." He smiled and told me for 10 years he had only
one thing on his mind, to join the army like his grandpa. "I will follow my dream and every day I will be happy."
He said calmly.
At this point, the bus had reached his stop. Taking his luggage, he waved goodbye to me with a big smile.
Choked up with emotion, I forced a smile and shook his hands tightly. Never would I have imagined such a young
homeless boy could change my perspective towards life during one short bus ride. From then on, whatever I
encountered, I always try to do everything with my best smile on my face.25．How does the author feel about his life before coming across the boy?
A．Satisfied. B．Frustrated. C．Optimistic. D．Concerned.
26．Why did the author let the previous bus go past?
A．To appreciate the beautiful view. B．To take a break at the stop.
C．To wait for the homeless boy. D．To chat with a passer-by.
27．What does the underlined word "accommodating" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Purchasing. B．Carrying. C．Checking. D．Placing.
28．What can we learn from the text?
A．The boy was 10 years old when they met. B．The boy was annoyed at his heavy luggage.
C．The author got motivated from the young boy. D ． The boy's grandfather anticipated him joining the
army.
（2023春·辽宁鞍山·高二鞍山一中校考期中）As an English as an Additional Language (EAL) teacher, I
work with over one hundred students from grades 1 — 8 with CEFR (Common European Framework of
Reference for Languages) levels varying between A1.1 and B1.2.
Being a resource teacher, I work in small rooms without using much technology. If I choose to include
technology into my lesson, I need to borrow devices from a classroom teacher, having only one iPad of my own.
On previous occasions, many of the laptops were not charged, and we had difficulty with student log-ins, or
Internet access. It seemed that I always had to have a backup plan when technology use was planned.
In order to avoid disappointment, as part of my blended (混合) learning instruction, I provided my students
with accounts to an online reading program with leveled books. Students have the opportunity to listen to native-
like reading and pronunciation, read the books and record their reading. Furthermore, the learners can work at
their own pace on books that are at their levels and they can use it on their own, even if their parents are at work
or do not understand English.
At the same time, I have access to the students’ detailed skill report, which shows their performance in all
areas. This could be of great avail in terms of shaping my lessons to better address my students’ needs.
One of the biggest challenges I have experienced regarding blended learning was that some of my students’
families do not have devices or Internet-access. There are also parents who believe that anything the child works
at on the computer is equal to “screen time” which is bad for the child. But I feel that it is my job to gradually
introduce technology and help my students on their journey of becoming independent learners.
29．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 2?
A．She isn’t good at using technology.
B．She has got bored with teaching English.
C．She isn’t confident about the future of her career.D．She has difficulty in using technology for teaching.
30．What do Paragraphs 3 and 4 focus on?
A．Different opinions about online reading.
B．The design inspiration for blended learning.
C．The great advantages of the online reading program.
D．Effective ways to make good progress in online communication.
31．The underlined word “avail” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced with “ ”.
A．risk B．doubt C．distance D．benefit
32．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Students benefit from the program by reading at a fixed pace.
B．Most students’ families are struggling to fight poverty.
C．Some students have great trouble choosing learning resources.
D．Some students’ parents are against using the reading program.
（2023春·江苏盐城·高二盐城市第一中学校联考期中）Archan Chan recalls her first experience working
in a Chinese restaurant more than 14 years ago. Employed as an apprentice (学徒) chef, she was one of just two
women in the kitchen — the other’s only job was to beat eggs. “She was unbelievably fast at beating eggs. I guess
for a woman to survive in a traditional Chinese kitchen back then, you had to be the best in something,” she says.
Today, Chan leads the kitchen of Ho Lee Fook, one of Hong Kong’s most popular restaurants. After spending
more than a decade working in fine dining restaurants in Australia and Singapore, she is one of a few female chefs
who have risen to the top of a high-end Chinese restaurant. That’s an impressive achievement, given how
unbelievably challenging it has been for women to show in high-end Chinese kitchens.
Female chefs have long been a minority in professional kitchens around the world. But the situation is even
severer in Chinese kitchens. There’s no denying the work is physically demanding — an empty pot weighs about
2.2 kilograms. In the past, few chefs would risk employing a female trainee into that tough environment.
Given all of these barriers, not many women would even consider this male-dominated industry as an
attractive career path. Thankfully, there are signs of a shift in mindset — the number of female Chinese head chefs
has been rising in recent years.
“Even if it’s a kitchen almost full of men, all everyone cares about is food — the cooking. They don’t care if
you’re a male or female. Gender shouldn’t matter,” Chan says.
“Yes, there is a physical barrier but I think the mental barrier may be more of a barrier to the increase of
women in Chinese kitchens,”Chan adds. “It isn’t just about how much you want it but how much hard work
you’re willing to put into it. There are days when you feel like your arms are falling apart and you can’t move
them anymore, but the next day, you’re stronger and may be able to work a heavier work.”33．What can we learn about Archan Chan?
A．She got a rapid promotion.
B．She does best in beating eggs.
C．She is the best female chef in China.
D．She made a great achievement in her career.
34．What’s a cause of very few female chefs in professional kitchens?
A．Kitchen is a tough place for women.
B．Women are afraid of physical work.
C．Customers care about the gender of the chef.
D．Women face both mental and physical barriers.
35．Which of the following can best describe Archan Chan?
A．Strong-willed. B．Open-minded.
C．Cool-headed. D．Kind-hearted.
36．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Female chefs have risen to the top.
B．Female chefs have long been a minority.
C．Female chefs are proving doubters wrong.
D．Female chefs are replacing male chefs gradually.
（2023春·辽宁·高二校联考期中）Getting out of my car one evening in late January, I met my neighbor
Theresa, who had seen me drive in. “Mrs Taylor is in the hospital again,” she said. “I thought you’d like to know.”
I had last seen Mrs Taylor a day or two before Christmas when I took her a little loaf of pumpkin bread, and she
came from the back room in her wheel chair to talk with me. Mrs Taylor and I had been neighbors for 17 years. I
remember the dog she and her husband used to have. They called him Beau. He greeted everyone who walked by,
and Mr Taylor loved him.
Most of my conversations with Mrs Taylor had been incidental—visits by the mailbox, running into one
another at the gas station where she helped me put air in my tire, quiet talks at the funeral home where we went to
honor the memory of a mutual (相互的) friend.
When my husband and I moved here with our four noisy, laughing kids, it must have seemed as if the
peaceful quiet of the neighborhood had been forever broken. But we showed our enthusiasm to the neighbors
sincerely although. We had little in common with the mostly elderly folks on our street. Over the years they
helped us love our children, picking them up when a bicycle overturned and sending the kids cards for their
graduation. We have enjoyed the comfort of living beside people who help us if our tree falls on the fence and
feed the cat when we’re away.Mrs Taylor did not survive her latest set-back. Once again I walked into the funeral home to say good-bye to
a neighbor. I remembered the barking dog, the chats by the mailbox, the friendly wave across the fence. I
remembered, and I was sad, but I had no regrets. Now there is a new family moving into the Taylor place. I see
children’s toys in the yard. It’s time to take a walk.
37．What can we know according to the first paragraph?
A．Mrs Talylor has a big and happy family.
B．The author likes Mrs Taylor’s dog very much.
C．The author would like to know Mrs Taylor is in the hospital.
D．Mrs Talyor had been in poor health before Theresa told the author.
38．What does the underlined word “incidental” refer to?
A．comfortable B．unprepared C．unpleasant D．delightful
39．How did the author solve the difference with the neighbors?
A．She let her children be more rowdy and laughing.
B．She tried to know more elderly folks in her street.
C．She treated everyone in the neighborhood warmly.
D．She enjoyed the comfort of living beside neighbors.
40．What is the best title for the text?
A．The True Neighbor B．Love from Strangers
C．Mrs Taylor—A Respectable Woman D．Expectation for New Neighbor
