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阅读细节题之长难句分析
•• TThhee oonnllyy wwoonnddeerr iiss tthhaatt ssoo mmaannyy ssttaatteess iinnssiisstt oonn cclloossiinngg tthheeiirr eeaarrss ttoo tthhee
message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most
第一篇：选自高考山东卷C篇
ppaarrttiiccuullaarrllyy,, tthheeyy ddeetteerr ppeeooppllee ffrroomm ttaakkiinngg uupp tthhee hhaabbiitt aass tteeeennss,, wwhhiicchh iiss
when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies
• Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take
widely.
eeffeecct. Buut in thee ninee ddayyss ssinccee thee feeddeeral cciggareettee tax mooree than
doubled—to $1.01 per pack—smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” • In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack
across the country seeking to kick the habit. of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. In
Charleston, S.C., where the 7-sent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation.
• This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They’ve studied the effect
The price was $4.78.
of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are
price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every • TThhe iinfflluence iis obbviious.
tax increase.
• In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys— 1. The text is mainly about .
1133.88%%, ffaarr bbeellooww tthhee nnaattiioonnaall aavveerraaggee. BByy ccoommppaarriissoonn, 2266%% ooff hhiigghh sscchhooooll AA. tthhee pprriiccee ooff cciiggaarreetttteess
students smoke in Kentucky, Other low-tax states have similarly depressing
B. the rate of teen smoking
teen-smokingg records.
CC. tthhee eeffffeecctt ooff ttoobbaaccccoo ttaaxx iinnccrreeaassee
• Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high
D. the differences in tobacco tax rate
tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income
Americans “who choose to smoke.”
• 人们都说只有努力才能取得成功，但是……
•• TThhaatt’’ss ttrruuee, bbuutt tthheerree iiss mmoorree rreeaassoonn iinn kkeeeeppiinngg ffuuttuurree ggeenneerraattiioonnss ooff llooww-
income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today’s adults, 2.What does the author think is a surprise?
iiff tthhee nneeww ttaaxx ddrriivveess tthheemm ttoo qquuiitt,, tthheeyy wwiillll hhaavvee mmoorree ttoo ssppeenndd oonn tthheeiirr
AA. TTeeeenn ssmmookkeerrss aarree pprriiccee sseennssiittiivvee.
families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.
B. Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.
CC. TTobbacco ttaxes iimprove pubblliic hhealltthh.
D. Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise. 1• 定位：文章倒数第二段：第一次出现Roger • 定位：文章倒数第二段：第一次出现Roger
•• HHaall RRooggeerrss, RReepprreesseennttaattiivvee ffrroomm KKeennttuucckkyy, lliikkee tthhoossee wwhhoo aarree •• HHaall RRooggeerrssaarrgguueess tthhaatt tthhee bbuurrddeenn ooff tthhee ttaaxx ffaallllss oonn llooww-iinnccoommee AAmmeerriiccaannss
against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on
llooww-iinnccoommee AAmmeerriiccaannss “wwhhoo cchhoooossee ttoo ssmmookkee..”
•• 33.RRooggeerrss’’ aattttiittuuddee ttoowwaarrddss tthhee llooww-iinnccoommee ssmmookkeerrss mmiigghhtt bbee tthhaatt ooff .
• A. tolerance B. unconcern C. doubt D. sympathy
• 学学会会长长难难句句分分析析：：如如何何提提主主句句
• Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are
aaggaaiinnsstt hhiigghh ttoobbaaccccoo ttaaxxeess,, aarrgguueess tthhaatt tthhee bbuurrddeenn ooff tthhee ttaaxx ffaallllss oonn
low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.”
选自高考阅读湖北卷D篇
• Researchers find that, on average, wealthier people are happier. But the link
bbeettwweeeenn mmoonneeyy aanndd hhaappppiinneessss iiss ccoommpplleexx.. IInn tthhee ppaasstt hhaallff-cceennttuurryy,, aavveerraaggee
• Over the last 70 years, researchers have been studying happy and
income has sharply increased in developed countries, yet happiness levels
unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference.
have remained almost the same. Once your basic needs are met, money only
OOuurr ffeeeelliinnggss ooff wweellll-bbeeiinngg aatt aannyy mmoommeenntt aarree ddeetteerrmmiinneedd ttoo aa cceerrttaaiinn
seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends, neighbors
degree by genes. However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top
and colleagues.
ttwwoo..
• “Dollars buy status, and status makes people feel better,” conclude some
• Money can buy a degree of happiness. But once you can afford to feed,
experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways-
clothe and house yyourself,, each extra dollar makes less and less
sscciieennttiissttss oorr aaccttoorrss, ffoorr eexxaammppllee-mmaayy hhaappppiillyy aacccceepptt rreellaattiivveellyy ppoooorrllyy-ppaaiidd
difference.
jobs.
2• In one survey, Carstenseninterviewed 184 people between the ages of 18
• In a research, Professor Alex Michalosfound that the people whose
and 94, and asked them to fill out an emotions questionnaire. She found
ddeessiirreess-nnoott jjuusstt ffoorr mmoonneeyy,, bbuutt ffoorr ffrriieennddss,, ffaammiillyy,, jjoobb,, hheeaalltthh-rroossee ffuurrtthheesstt
that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people,
beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those who felt
but negative emotions much less often.
a smaller gap(差距)。Indeed, the size of the gap predicted happiness
about five times better than income alone. “The gap measures just blow • Why are old people happier? Some scientists suggest older people may
away the only measures of income.” says Michalos. expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they’re more realistic
aabboouutt tthheeiirr ggooaallss, oonnllyy sseettttiinngg oonneess tthhaatt tthheeyy kknnooww tthheeyy ccaann aacchhiieevvee. BBuutt
• Another factor that has to do with happiness is age. Old age may not be
Carstensenthinks that with time running out, older people have learned
so bad. “Given all the problems of aging, how could the elderly be more
ttoo ffooccuuss oonn tthhiinnggss tthhaatt mmaakkee tthheemm hhaappppyy aanndd lleett ggoo ooff tthhoossee tthhaatt ddoonn’tt..
ssaattiissffiieedd??”” aasskkss PPrrooffeessssoorr LLaauurraa CCaarrsstteennsseenn.
• “People realize not only what they have, but also that what they have
ccaannnnoott llaasstt ffoorreevveerr,” sshhee ssaayyss. “AA ggooooddbbyyee kkiissss ttoo aa hhuussbbaanndd oorr wwiiffee aatt tthhee
age of 85, for example, may bring far more complex emotional responses
than a similar kiss to a boyy or ggirl friend at the agge of 20.”
1. According to the passage, the feeling of happiness .
• 长难句分析：
A. iss ddeeteermineedd ppartlyy bbyy ggeeneess
•• “DDoollllaarrss bbuuyy ssttaattuuss, aanndd ssttaattuuss mmaakkeess ppeeooppllee ffeeeell bbeetttteerr,” ccoonncclluuddee ssoommee
B. increases gradually with age experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other
CC.. hhaass lliittttllee ttoo ddoo wwiitthh wweeaalltthh wayys--scientists or actors,, for exampple--mayy happppilyy acceppt relativelyy
poorly-paid jobs.
D. is measured by desires
2. Some actors would like to acceppt ppoorlyy-ppaid jjobs because the jjobs .
A. make them feel much better
• 带着关键词去定位：第四段： B. pprovide chances to make friends
• “Dollars buy status, and status makes people feel better,” conclude some C. improve their social position
experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways--
DD.. ssaattiissffyy tthheeiirr pprrooffeessssiioonnaall iinntteerreessttss
scientists or actors, for example--may happily accept relatively poorly-paid
jobs.
33.Professor Alex Michalosfound that people feel less happy if . • In a research, Professor Alex Michalosfound that the people whose
AA. tthhee ggaapp bbeettwweeeenn rreeaalliittyy aanndd ddeessiirree iiss bbiiggggeerr ddeessiirreess--nnoott jjuusstt ffoorr mmoonneeyy, bbuutt ffoorr ffrriieennddss, ffaammiillyy, jjoobb, hheeaalltthh--rroossee
furthest beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those
B. they have a stronger desire for friendship
who felt a smaller ggapp((差距)).
CC. tthheiir iincome iis bbellow tthheiir expecttattiion
D. the hope for good health is greater
• the people whose desires rose furthest beyond what they already had,
tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap(差差距).
• 定位成功：第五段
•• IInn aa rreesseeaarrcchh, PPrrooffeessssoorr AAlleexx MMiicchhaallooss ffoouunndd tthhaatt tthhee ppeeooppllee wwhhoossee
4. Aged people are more likely to feel happy because they are more .
desires-not just for money, but for friends, family, job, health-rose
A. optimistic B. successful
furthest beyyond what theyy alreadyy had,, tended to be less happppyy than
those who felt a smaller gap(差距). Indeed, the size of the gap predicted C. practical D. emotional
happiness about five times better than income alone. “The gap measures
just blow away the only measures of income.” says Michalos.
• 定位成功：倒数第二段首句 深度文章掠影：选自上海卷C
• Whyy are old ppeopple happppier? Some scientists suggggest older ppeopple mayy
expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they’re more realistic • 1.Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to
about their goals, only setting ones that they know they can achieve. But science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in
Carstensenthinks that with time running out, older people have learned Britain, a group of leading archeologists(考古学家) says. In a letter
to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don’t. addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of
• Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn tthheiir ““ddeep andd wiiddespreadd concern”” abboutt tthhe iissue. IItt centters on tthhe llaw
to live with it, or they’re more realistic about their goals, only setting ones introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human
tthhaatt tthheeyy kknnooww tthheeyy ccaann aacchhiieevvee. rreemmaaiinnss uunneeaarrtthheedd iinn EEnnggllaanndd aanndd WWaalleess ttoo bbee rreebbuurriieedd wwiitthhiinn ttwwoo yyeeaarrss,
regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to
studyy bones and other human remains of national and cultural siggnificance.
4• 2. “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human • 4.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites
rreemmaaiinnss sshhoouulldd bbee rreebbuurriieedd, wwhheetthheerr aafftteerr aa ssttaannddaarrdd ppeerriioodd ooff ttwwoo yyeeaarrss ssuucchh aass HHaappppiissbbuurrgghhiinn NNoorrffoollkk, wwhheerree ddiiggggiinngg iiss ccoonnttiinnuuiinngg aafftteerr tthhee
or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If
arcchaeeoolooggiccal andd ssccieentificc reesseearcch andd oof muusseeuum ppraccticcee,,” theeyy wwritee.. human remains were found at Happppisburggh,, theyy would be the oldest in
northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under
• 3.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites,
the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied
includingg the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehengge in 2008 that
and effffectiively destroyed.
date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary
extension to give them more time, but eventualllythe bones will have to be • 5.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study
returned to the ground. off bbones off suffffiiciientt age andd hhiisttoriicall iintterestt, whhiille tthhe BBuriiall AActt 11885577
applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured
aarrcchhaaeeoollooggiissttss ttwwoo yyee aarrssaaggoo tthhaatt tthhee llaaww wwaass tteemmppoorraarryy, bbuutt hhaass ssoo ffaarr
failed to revise it.
• 6.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: 2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
“AArrcchhaaeeoollooggiissttss hhaavvee bbeeeenn eexxttrreemmeellyy ppaattiieenntt bbeeccaauussee wwee wweerree lleedd ttoo
AA. TTeemmppoorraarryy eexxtteennssiioonn ooff ttwwoo yyeeaarrss wwiillll gguuaarraanntteeee sscciieennttiissttss eennoouugghh ttiimmee.
believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we
B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.
cannot wait any longer.”
CC. HHuman remaiins wiillll hhave tto bbe rebburiiedd ddespiitte tthhe exttensiion off ttiime.
• 7.The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be
D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.
reburied, or on what records should be kept.
1.According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because
33.WWhicch oof thee foolloowwingg migght bbee thee bbeesst titlee oof thee ppassssaggee??
______.
A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.
A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains
BB.. RReesseeaarrcchh ttiimmee sshhoouulldd bbee eexxtteennddeedd,, sscciieennttiissttss rreeqquuiirree..
B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research
C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.
C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge
DD. LLaaww ccoouulldd bbuurryy aanncciieenntt sseeccrreettss ffoorr eevveerr, aarrcchheeoollooggiissttss wwaarrnn.
D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains
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