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第 19 讲 阅读理解之议论文
1．了解议论文的解题方法与技巧。
2．进行议论文真题训练。
议论文是英语中的重要文体，在阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一
些，因此要多加重视。
议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供
充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。
议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查
细节理解和推理判断为主，偶尔考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感态度。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅
读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。
【考情分析】
议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查
细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议
论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。
一、文体特点与阅读策略
1. 语言与结构特点
议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论
式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。由此可见，要理解议论
文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构
——三段论式结构。
2. 答题误区
议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引
述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑
全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。
解题技巧
1. 主旨大意型
干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。干扰项 可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
干扰项 可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。
正确答案 根据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
选择＂主题＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。
常见的提问方式有：
1. What is the main / general idea of this text?
2. What is mainly discussed in this passage?
3. What is the text mainly about?
4. This text mainly tells us _________.
标题选择题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，
用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：
1. What would be the best title for the text?
2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text?
3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be __________.
2. 事实细节型
(1)解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落
等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。
在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节的问题常有以下几种命题方式：
①Which of the following statements is true?
②Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
③The author (or the passage) states that __________.
④According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.) __________?
(2)干扰项：范围过大、过小；偷换概念；正误并存，某个分句是正确的。
阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：
①包含项原则
在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选
项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正
确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。
②正反项原则
所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。
所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。
③委婉项原则所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。
这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most
of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to等等，而含有
绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely, only, completely,
none, hardly, already等等。
④同形项原则
命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解
能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。
⑤常识项原则
议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。
解题方法：原文定位法。
查读法：(1)带着问题找答案，把注意力集中在与who, what, when, where问题有关的细节上。
(2)细心!
3. 词义猜测型
(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。
(2)根据文中的定义、事例、解释猜生词。用事例或解释猜生词；用重复解释的信息猜生词。
(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，
其中it和that还可以指一件事。
(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断。根据上下句的连接词如but，however，otherwise等可以看到前后句在
意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
(5)根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果
也可以找出原因。
(6)根据同位关系进行判断。阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释。
(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。分号还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义；破折号表示解释说明。
常见的问题形式有：
(1)The word ＂…＂ in Line … means/can be best replaced by …
(2)As used in the passage, the phrase ＂…＂ suggests…
(3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence ＂…＂ is/refers to
/means…
常用应对方法：
同义法：常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此
可以推测词义。
反义法：如hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，互为反义的词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。
释义法：对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语，甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
此外，还有情景推断法、代词替代法等。
做题要领
(1)从文中找线索或信息词；
(2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新词的意思；
(3)根据上下文判断新词在特定句中的确切意思。
(4)要特别注意熟词新意！
4. 推理判断型
做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章的隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意
图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度考虑而不是固守自己的看法。常见的命题
方式有：
(1)The passage implies (暗示) that _________.
(2)We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that _________.
(3)Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?
(4)What is the tone (语气) of the author?
(5)What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?
(6)The passage is intended to _________.
（2023春·河南信阳·高二统考期中）ChatGPT is a new AI system that sounds so human in conversations
that it could host its own radio programs. Reading between its instantly generated, perfectly grammatical lines,
people see different visions of the future. Without doubt, ChatGPT is impressive.
Some compare the emergence of ChatGPT to the impact of the iPhone, but that doesn’t do it justice.
ChatGPT, as well as the generative AI that will follow and outsmart it, is disruptive. And yet, that doesn’t
necessarily mean the end of the world is upon us. On the contrary, ChatGPT, I would argue, might serve to make
us more aware of our irreplaceable human qualities.
Take the creative act, writing in particular, as an example. If you want it to, the AI-powered chatbot (聊天机
器人) always produces something because it has the whole world of online data to draw from. But unlike us, it
lacks the consciousness. Thinking is hard, critical thinking even harder, and ChatGPT isn’t good at either. It just
restates what has already been said; it is one big recycling machine.
There is another obvious limitation of ChatGPT. Philosopher Harry Frankfurt once claimed: the differencebetween a bullshitter (胡说八道的人) and a liar is that the liar knows what the truth is but decides to take the
opposite direction; a bullshitter, however, has no regard for the truth at all. The AI scholar Gary Marus applies this
distinction to ChatGPT. He believes that we have reached a critical point where “the price of bullshit reaches zero
and people who want to spread misinformation, either politically or just to make a profit, start doing that
plentifully”. Unfortunately, ChatGPT will reproduce misinformation from any of its input sources — it is not an
intelligent system that tries to balance or weigh different perspectives. In this sense, everything that ChatGPT
writes is bullshit.
This is why the so-called AIQ is critical. It is actually an extension and a measurement of our human IQ: our
overall knowledge of AI tools, our mastery of clues, and our ethical awareness. ChatGPT is going to change
everything — and nothing. Creativity, imagination and ethics — these will all remain unique human range. It is
the AI’s very limitations that will make us appreciate our own.
1．What can we learn about ChatGPT from the passage?
A．It generates immediate language responses.
B．It provides instructions on writing skills.
C．It helps generate an artificial voice.
D．It offers a service for language learning.
2．What does the underlined word “disruptive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Evil. B．Revolutionary. C．Profitable. D．Reliable.
3．Why does the author consider ChatGPT as a bullshit generator?
A．It makes up lies constantly.
B．It always takes a neutral standpoint.
C．It often makes unfair judgement.
D．It can’t tell right from wrong.
4．What’s the passage mainly about?
A．ChatGPT should be treated like a toy, not a tool.
B．ChatGPT is causing panic now.
C．ChatGPT makes us realize the unique human features.
D．ChatGPT is bound to generate bullshit.
（2023秋·广东揭阳·高二统考期末）What does music mean to you? Do you use it to help relieve stress,
anxiety and fall asleep to? For many, the value of music is endless, and scientists and Nobel winners are no
exception. From seeing problems in a new way to developing discipline (自律), expressing creativity to working
as a team, music has helped many winners in both work and life.
Music has often helped Nobel winners think and process scientific information in a new way. Albert Einsteinwas influenced by his mother who taught him to play the violin at a very early age. He was especially fond of
Mozart, Bach and Schubert. For Einstein, music worked as a brainstorming technique to help him reflect on his
theories and solve difficulties he met with. Einstein’s scientific ideas were often firstly created in the shape of
images and intuition (直觉), which music later helped to turn into mathematics, logic (逻辑) and words.
Besides helping them reflect on scientifically complex problems, music has helped Nobel winners learn
discipline and the importance of a creative mind. For Thomas Südhof’s awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine, music gave him important inputs and ideas. Südhof mostly enjoys classical music by
masters like Mozart, which requires a creative mind as well as great discipline. It is said that these two factors
shaped Südhof’s development as a scientist.
Furthermore, the cooperation between the members of a music band can be compared with the team effort
found within a research group. According to Medicine winner James Allison, it is necessary in both fields to build
a team where each individual makes their own contribution to the overall work. However, it is important that the
communication between the members work so smoothly that each individual also knows what needs to be done to
achieve breakthroughs. As James Allison states, “Every now and then my lab has been as well tuned—it feels like
a really good band”—the concept of great team work leading to great success can be applied to both science and
music.
5．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Music inspires a team to work together.
B．Music helps to relieve stress and anxiety.
C．Scientists worked together with the help of music.
D．Music helps scientists to achieve scientific success.
6．What did Einstein and Südhof have in common?
A．They both valued discipline.
B．They both liked classical music.
C．They studied the same area of science.
D．Intuition often came first to their mind.
7．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
A．The lab members enjoy music.
B．The lab has made breakthroughs.
C．The lab works through great teamwork.
D．The lab members understand each other.
8．How did the author prove his or her opinion?
A．By comparing different ideas. B．By giving supporting examples.C．By doing musical experiments. D．By referring to famous sayings.
（2023 春·辽宁朝阳·高二校联考阶段练习）Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for
knowledge is not a predictable process. To make new discoveries, researchers need the freedom to be creative,
fail, and learn by chance. This aspect is similar to art. This is why Wageningen scientists look to artists for
inspiration and exchange ideas about how to increase creative freedom.
“Science and art are two different ways to make something understandable. They both provide a perspective
on reality,” says Biochemistry Professor Dolf Weijers. “From the outside, the research process looks very formal
and the artistic process looks somewhat messy. But the scientific process can also unfold in an unpredictable
way.”
“Scientists can learn a lot from artists,” says Weijers. “Association and creativity are central to art. Those
aspects require more attention in science as the creative process is the key of science.”
“As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize your understandings of
reality and the connections between them. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a
recent special project in which Weijers and his colleague Joris Sprakel, professor of Physical Chemistry and Soft
Matter, measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular (分子的) sensor was used to visualize the different
forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force.
What science and art also have in common is that they are topics of discussion in society. There are people
who say that they do not value art and people who mistrust science. Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong
impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the
process leading to discovery. As a scientist, you are doubted if you say something that is different a few years
later. Then you are viewed as unreliable. But what is often poorly understood is that there are no final results in
science. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the
process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result.”
9．What does Dolf Weijers think of science process?
A．It is always serious. B．It can’t be accidental.
C．It doesn’t allow failures. D．It can be unexpected.
10．What does the underlined sentence “This is sometimes just as visual as art” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Visualizing is a must for science.
B．Science can be visualized like art.
C．Science should be understood by visualizing.
D．Visualizing is as easy in science as in art.
11．Why do common people mistrust science in Dolf Weijers’ opinion?
A．Scientists usually draw unreliable conclusions.B．Scientists don’t use visualizing to show the results.
C．The scientific process is unknown to them.
D．The scientific results are complex for the public.
12．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Differences Between Science and Art
B．Similarities Between Science and Art
C．Scientists and Artists Contribute to the World
D．Science and Art Are Tools to Understand the World
（2023春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高二哈九中校考阶段练习）In modern society there is a great deal of argument
about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others
say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between
people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at
tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded
pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture
which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition.
Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressure from their parents or society.
Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to
win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter, because
I didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that
would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true
competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on
how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and
often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.
13．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．Competition helps to set up self-respect.
B．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
C．Failures are necessary experiences in competition.
D．Opinions about competition are different among people.
14．What does the underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Those who are against competition most strongly.
B．Those who try their best to win.C．Those who value competition most highly.
D．Those who rely on others most for success.
15．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”?
A．One’s success in competition needs great efforts.
B．One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others’.
C．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.
D．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.
16．Which point of view may the author agree to?
A．Every effort should be paid back.
B．Winning should be a life-and-death matter.
C．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.
D．Competition should be encouraged.
（2023秋·山东青岛·高二青岛二中校考期末）No business would welcome being compared to gambling
(赌博)Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their
children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the
term. On January I this year, “gaming disorder”—in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm
—gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).
Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. Those who don’t think so say that this is
just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’n’roll, jazz, comic books,
novels and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected.
However, supporters argue that game developers have the motivation and the means to design their products
to make them extremely attractive. For one thing. the business-model has changed. In the old days, games were
bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods,
which ties playtime directly to revenue (收益). For another, game-makers combine psychological theory and data,
which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent
Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to
encourage players’ spending. The biggest spenders are known as “whales”, a term that originated in casinos(赌场).
The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing Now
that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become more common. Anyway,
being put together with gambling in the public mind, fairly or not, will not do the industry any good.
17．What do we know from Paragraph 1?
A．It is not suitable to compare video games to gamblingB．Parents complain about their children’s addiction to gambling
C．More doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”.
D．Gaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease.
18．What does the underlined words “moral panic” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Wrong judgment on how harmful something is.
B．Trouble caused by someone’s immoral behavior.
C．Unexpected social progress caused by science and technology.
D．Panic due to the gap between the old and the young
19．What do games developers do to make games attractive?
A．They don’t charge players for in-game goods.
B．They adjust products based on received data.
C．They keep players’ video game machines updated.
D．They reward big spenders with a unique title.
20．In the last paragraph, the author aims to _________.
A．offer a suggestion B．make a prediction
C．give a warning D．put forward a solution
（2023春·江苏南通·高二海安高级中学校考期中）At its annual general assembly in Vienna last month,
the European Geosciences Union (EGU) did something unusual. The chair of its awards committee, Thomas
Blunier, presented a breakdown, by gender, of prize nominees (被提名者) and nominators (提名者) since 2014.
The data were revealing. Although women make up 37% of the society’s members, they made just 20% of
nominations suggesting that women are less likely to nominate than men. The data also showed that people tend to
favour their own gender when making nominations-with men most likely to nominate other men.
This is clearly a problem, but awareness of the situation opens the door to fixing it. Although women are still
under-represented in EGU nominations, their share of awards is now approaching their representation among
EGU members, thanks to corrective measures taken by the organization? s awards committee. The EGU is distinct
from most other scientific societies that do not make nomination data public, though it is necessary for the fairness
among prizewinners.
Some other efforts are under way to make prizes fairer. In mathematics, for example, the International
Mathematical Union has introduced guidelines to make nominators and award-committee members aware of
unconscious bias. Many prize nomination forms now include statements encouraging nominators to consider
diversity. The committees that award Nobel prizes have told Nature that they are attempting to increase diversity
in nominees and that the proportion of women nominated is rising.
Prize-givers need to widen their nomination pools. In 2019, Nature suggested that award organizers mightcast their nets wider when seeking nominations by approaching networks that include academies of science in low
and middle-income countries. This is still not happening on the scale that it needs to.
Sadly, these measures will not make science prizes match global diversity, at least not straight away. Many
prizes are based on work carried out decades ago, when the barriers to entering science were even higher than they
are today for people from under-represented groups and countries. At the very least, professional societies must
ensure that their nomination pools are representatives of their communities. Greater transparency and a wider,
more diverse pool of nominees increase the chance of awards rewarding excellence, rather than enlarging existing
networks of fame.
21．What is the purpose of showing the data from the EGU?
A．To show the gender balance among its members.
B．To encourage females to nominate other females.
C．To reflect that women have been ignored in awards.
D．To reveal the significant impact from gender awareness.
22．What efforts have been made to promote the fairness among the prizewinners?
A．Publicizing the nomination data.
B．Widening the application pools by nominees.
C．Introducing guidelines on increasing diversity.
D．Casting the nets wider when seeking nominations.
23．What does the author hold in the last paragraph?
A．Existing nomination pools are not transparent.
B．Professional societies must make a difference.
C．The barriers to entering science will not be higher.
D．Science has kept up with the global trend of diversity.
24．Which of the following might be the best title for this text?
A．European Geosciences Union: An Nontraditional Model
B．Diversity in Science Prizes: Why is Progress So Slow?
C．Progress in Science: Nomination Shows Justice for All
D．The Way to Gender Diversity: Difficult, Delicate but Destined
（2022春·重庆荣昌·高二重庆市荣昌永荣中学校校考期末）It is a common question to ask yourself:
What do you want to be when you grow up?
In the past it has generally been accepted that a person will follow one career path, but an emerging group of
people have changed this idea. By pursuing jobs across several walks, this group has come to be known as
“slashers (斜杠青年)”.There are many reasons why this has become popular, particularly among those under the age of 30. In
modern competitive society, having multiple income streams (多种收入来源) is one of the best ways to create
financial security.
Zhao Sichen is one follower of the slasher movement. The 34-year-old is an English teacher at Tsinghua
University High School. Outside the classroom, Zhao also works as project manager in charge of education
programs at the Internet tech company NetEase.
In addition to providing a sense of job security, becoming a slasher reduces boredom and prevents becoming
burned out on (不再热衷) focusing on a single path.
According to the Guardian, “Entrepreneurs (创业者) are a typical example of a group that expects to spread
their careers across multiple areas.” Erin Albert is a typical slasher in the UK. Apart from having written books,
Albert is an assistant professor, an entrepreneur and a law student. Albert often asks his students to think about,
“why they can’t both take an immediate job offer they are not sure about as well as work toward their ‘dream’
job”.
Technology has also promoted this choice. Online tools and platforms have allowed people to pursue
different interests and career paths as they have promoted the ability to work remotely. Never has it been easier for
those who have interests in a variety of careers to pursue them at the same time. It seems that right now the sky is
the limit for those who are considering what they want to do in the future.
25．What do we know about slashers?
A．They are mostly 30 years old. B．They follow one career path.
C．They change jobs frequently. D．They tend to work several jobs.
26．Which of the following is NOT the reason for the popularity of slasher movement?
A．It gives people more free time to relax.
B．It helps people gain financial security.
C．It gets people to pursue their dream.
D．It makes people feel less bored in a single job.
27．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．Technology allows people to work remotely.
B．Doing more than one job might be encouraged.
C．Most people will work several jobs at the same time.
D．It has become more common for people to pursue multiple jobs.
28．What’s the best title of this passage?
A．Pursuing Your Dreams. B．Slashers in China.
C．Slashing through Jobs. D．Choosing Multiple Jobs.（2023秋·江苏连云港·高二统考期末）I am an Africa wildlife filmmaker. But wildlife filmmakers from
Africa are rarer than mountain gorillas(大猩猩). To understand why there are so few, we need to remember our
recent history.
When the colonialists(殖民者) ruled Africa, they seized control of the continent’s wildlife and other natural
resources. They saw African wildlife as “big game” and the continent’s first protected natural areas were game
reserves created by driving away locals for the benefit of white hunters. Later, game reserves were renamed
national parks and big game hunting gave way to wildlife tourism. But African wildlife was still there for White
people’s enjoyment and benefits.
That locals could have an interest in preserving wildlife for its own sake was rarely considered. Africans -like
me who tried to get involved in wildlife conservation were made to feel out of place. When I was first interviewed
by a British film crew, my interview was cut at the editing stage and replaced by a white man, just because I was
an African.
Africa was the setting for some of the most popular films about wildlife, but these films were made by
western-owned production companies for Western audiences, and most Africans never even got to see them. What
Africa needed was to see themselves and their view points in the films. We urgently needed wildlife films made
by Africans, about Africans and for Africans. As producer of the documentary TV series “Wildlife Warriors”, I set
out to find African conservation heroes who could play a role in the documentary. I soon discovered that we had
some talented African filmmakers across the continent.
Today things are changing fast. Companies like National Geographic and the BBC are leading the way with
new approaches to global storytelling that deliver diversity and equality. Our African wildlife filmmakers’ mission
is to draw on the power of local storytelling to inspire our people to save our continent’s rich wildlife.
29．Why are African wildlife filmmakers rare?
A．They lack the talent in making films. B．They live in the shadow of westerners.
C．They are still colonized by the westerns. D．They aren’t interested in filming wildlife.
30．What message does the cut of my interview convey?
A．The strictness of the crew. B．The preference for the British.
C．The prejudice against Africans. D．The benefits of local communities.
31．What can we learn from paragraph 4?
A．The locals enjoy wildlife films set in Africa.
B．Africans play a leading role in wildlife film-making.
C．Films made by westerners are the most popular ones.
D．Africans long for having a say in wildlife film-making.
32．What is the purpose of the author writing the text?A．To introduce how African wildlife are protected.
B．To urge people to better preserve African wildlife.
C．To show that the author was ignored by westerners.
D．To explain why more African filmmakers are needed.
（2022秋·河北沧州·高二任丘市第一中学校考期中）Faster, cheaper, better--technology is one field many
people rely on to expect a brighter future. But as the 2020s dawn, optimism is in short supply. The new
technologies seem to be making things worse. Social media were supposed to bring people together, but they are
better known for leaking privacy. E-commerce, ride-hailing (网约车) and the gig economy (零工经济) may be
convenient, but they are blamed for underpaying workers, worsening inequality and blocking the streets with
vehicles.
Today’s pessimistic(悲观的) mood is centered on smart phones and social media, which took off( 兴起) a
decade ago. Yet concerns that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good have happened before.
The 1920s saw a criticism( 批判) against cars, which had earlier been seen as an answer to the problems caused
by horse-drawn vehicles. And industrialization was criticized in the 19th century by Romantics who worried about
the replacement of skilled workers, the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands.
However, that pessimism(悲观) can be overdone(过头). Too often, people focus on the disadvantages of a
new technology. A further danger: Luddites (反对技术进步者) try to avoid the short-term costs of a new
technology, and thus give up its long-term benefits--something that Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford professor, calls
a “technology trap”, which will lead to the slowdown or even stop of the development of a new technology. For
example, fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may discourage their use. Yet in the long term, nearly all
countries will need more robots, not fewer.
Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. It is people’s choices about it that shape the world.
Perhaps the real source of anxiety is not technology itself, but growing doubts about the ability of societies to hold
this debate, and come up with good answers. So as the decade turns, put aside the pessimism for a moment. To be
alive in the tech-obsessed 2020s is to be among the luckiest people who have ever lived.
33．What phenomenon is described in Paragraph 1?
A．The seriousness of social inequality.
B．The rapid development of technology.
C．Problems brought by personal privacy leaks.
D．Worries about the influence of new technologies.
34．Which word can best describe Romantics’ concern over industrialization?
A．Negative. B．Uncertain. C．indifferent. D．optimistic.
35．What might be a result of a “technology trap”?A．A lack of good jobs in the job market.
B．An increase in the number of Luddites.
C．A decrease in the number of skilled workers.
D．An interruption to the advancement of a new technology.
36．What is the best title for the text?
A．2020s: The Age of Technology B．Technology vs Civilization
C．Pessimism vs Progress D．Robots: Our Future Caretakers
（2022秋·山东淄博·高二山东省淄博实验中学校联考期中）In the rainforest,thousands of species sing
and call, forming sound layers so rich that the human mind can be overwhelmed.Drop a hydrophone(水听器)into
an ocean and you will hear similar richness, but it is foreign to our air-adapted ears. Hundreds of thousands of
other vocal(发声的)wonders ring out across the world. Every vocal species has a distinctive sound and every
place on the globe has a vocal character.We live in a world of vocal wonder,yet this richness is being damaged
worldwide.
In some places, vocal loss is caused by the destruction of habitats,from destroyed forests to overfished
oceans. However, in habitats such as thick rainforests or oceans, sound is the only way for most animals to
communicate even over short distances. This communication mating songs, cooperative signals about food, cries
that indicate social, status and alarm calls allow complex animal life to boom. Elsewhere, noise is also the
problem. Machines pump so much sound into water and air that other species can’t hear one another. The problem
of noise is most serious in the oceans, where earthquake exploration, shipping and sonar(声呐)create a deafening
sound that is uninhabitable, or nearly so, for many species.
Mankind is also affected by environmental noise, with complaints about noise pollution dating to the very
first cities, recorded on clay walls from Babylonia. This noise is no mere inconvenience: It may cause diseases or
deaths. The European Environment Agency estimates that environmental noise in Europe causes 12,000 untimely
deaths and 48,000 new cases of heart disease per year.
What can be done to address these problems? Perhaps among the scientific studies of trends in vocal loss,
activism to advocate (提倡) for justice and policy-making to reduce noise pollution and habitat destruction, we’d
better also find space to listen. Just as we go out with friends to hear a concert, might we do the same for the birds
in a city park? In this simple act, we might find inspiration and a direct connection to our more than-human
neighbors.
37．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2?
A．Reasons contributing to noise.
B．Necessity of protecting nature.
C．Factors leading to vocal loss.D．Significance of sound diversity.
38．Why does the author list the figures in paragraph 3?
A．To stress the threat of noise.
B．To advocate removing noise.
C．To arouse people’s health awareness.
D．To criticize the development of cities.
39．What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A．Make practical policies.
B．Conduct more scientific study.
C．Seek inspiration from a concert.
D．Build bonds with other creatures.
40．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Can You Hear What I Hear?
B．Where Is the Sound Taking Us?
C．Can You Smell Something in Nature?
D．How Can We Protect the Environment?
