文档内容
高中英语阅读理解解题技巧
Teaching aims:
1. Enable students to focus on the required information in Reading Materials.
2. Get students to grasp the different kinds of detailed information from the
questions.
3. Get students to find out the methods from the information points.
Teaching important and difficult points
1. To make clear the problem with the wrong answer.
2. To help students effectively choose the correct answers.
Teaching procedures:
Step1:Lead-in
新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定："侧重提高阅读能力"。“得阅读者得天下”阅读理解
能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。纵观近几年英语
卷中阅读理解，考生出现的错误大多集中在文章能轻松读懂而题目偏难的陷阱题中。所以要
想提高阅读理解得分，不仅需要提高自身英语基础，还要掌握各类型题的解题技巧。
Step2:analysis and suggestions
阅读理解命题特点和规律如下：
1. 语篇选材多为时文，题材多样化，信息丰富；
选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括名人轶事、历史传说、民间故事、寓言、幽默小品、
日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、史地常识、科普文章等各个方面的知识，并且
具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。阅读材料可以是叙述、描写、应用、说明、
议论等文体皆备。
2.语篇的字数明显增加，对学生的阅读速度要求高；
阅读理解的词汇量保持在3500个左右，读速大约每分钟60-70个单词。也就是说高考中的
每篇文章要在6-8分钟完成。
3.增加了生词量，提高了猜词能力；
高考的文章大约有 3％左右的生词，须根据上下文或整篇文章才能做出推断。同时也检测考
生利用构词法知识猜测词义的能力。
我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下四大题型，根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解
题技巧来应付。
Ⅰ.事实细节题
属于细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般
分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选
项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发
1展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。这类题型的主要提问方
式常为：
① Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage?
② Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage?
③ Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?
④ All the following statements are NOT true except .
细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。
寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。
Ⅱ.猜测词义题
1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义
在 be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已
知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如： The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650
yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。
2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义
在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前
后的词有明显的对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义
了。例如： Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains
grubby. 和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”
3）通过因果关系猜测词义
because, since与 as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的
连词，so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有
生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：She wanted the
hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据 because从句所讲
的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。
4）根据生活常识猜测词义
运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确
猜出词义。例如：Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根
据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示“枯萎”。
5）根据同等关系猜测词义
同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一
范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词 and或 or来连接。例如： At
forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 从“年龄42岁”以及与prime
具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。
6）根据列举的事例猜测词义
2You can take any of the periodicals: “The World of English”. “Foreign Language
TeachinginSchools”,or“EnglishLearning”. 从后面列举的例子中，可以猜出periodical
是“期刊，杂志”的意思。
7）根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。
例如在2006年福建的高考题文章中有这样一句：
The schools are reluctant to take off — even teachers with tickets for the
England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.
kind B. unwilling C. free D. careless
通过破折号可知正确答案为B.
Ⅲ.推理判断题
做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己
的看法或观点。不要主观臆断，凭空想象，任意发挥，而走入误区。
这类试题常以如下句式发问：
①What can you conclude/ imply from this passage?
②What’s the author’s attitude（态度）towards...?
③We can infer /learn from the passage that...
如： Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could
do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said,
“Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. ”The machine,
with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000
for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only
costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”
Q: What can you conclude from this passage?
A. the engineer asked for too much money
B. the workers should pay the money
C. the knowledge is worth money
D. the new part could cost more
这篇短文是作者讲的一个故事，那么通过这个故事我们可以判断出什么呢？虽然作者没有
言明，但是我们可以断定，发现问题的所在需要智慧和知识，知识是创造价值的源泉，因此
此题的正确答案应为C。
Ⅳ.主旨大意题
一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：
1．确定文章的标题和主题(title or topic)
要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看
标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不
应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖 2、概括性强 3、短小
精炼。
3常见的标题型题干：
1) The best title/ headline for this passage might be________.
2) The text (passage) could be entitled ______.
3) What is the best title for the passage?
4) What’s the topic of the article?
如：In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people
was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill
his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely
satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name
from “ Lexico” to “Alph” andthento “CrissCross”.Hewantedtomakesomemoney
from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.
Q: The text is mainly about________.
A. Lexico B. Three men C . A word game D. Alfred Butts.
【解题思路】答案A 和C以偏概全。因此此题的正确答案应为D。
2. 主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括
一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或
末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段与段之间逻
辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。
常见的主题句和主旨型题干：
1) What is the topic sentence of the passage?
2) This article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________.
3) Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage?
4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
如：Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave
his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.
Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal
background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ＿＿＿＿
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.
B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.
【解题思路】 此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因
此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的 details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构
4成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接
受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：JoshuaBingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 Ｃ。
Step3:summary
阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的
阅读行为习惯；二是要积累大量的词汇，把阅读中的高频难词熟记，每次阅读后要整理好生
词，然后记住其意思。三是不要一遇到生词就查字典，要先猜其意义，等做完题目后再查字
典，以免影响阅读速度。
Homework
Dotheexercise
5
