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2013 年江苏省高考英语试卷解析版
参考答案与试题解析
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30 分）做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有
两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
1．（1.5 分）What does the man want to do？
A．Take photos
B．Buy a camera
C．Help the woman．
【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
2．（1.5 分）What are the speakers talking about？
A．A noisy night．
B．Their life in town．
C．A place of living．
【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
3．（1.5 分）Where is the man now？
A．on his way B．In a restaurant C．At
home．
【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
4．（1.5 分）What will Celia do？
A．Find a player．
B．Watch a game．
C．Play basketball．
【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
5．（1.5 分）What day is it when the conversation takes place？
A．Saturday．
B．Sunday．
C．Monday．
【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
6．（3 分）听第6 段材料，回答第6、7 题．
6．What is Sara going to do？
A．Buy John a gift．
B．Give John a surprise．
C．Invite John to France．
7．What does the man think of Sara's plan？
A．Funny．
B．Exciting．
C．Strange．
【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】BB
【点评】略
7．（3 分）听第7 段材料，回答第8、9 题．
8．Why does Diana say sorry to Peter？
A．She has to give up her travel plan．
B．She wants to visit another city．
C．She needs to put off her test．
9．What does Diana want Peter to do？
A．Help her with her study．
B．Take a book to her friend．
C．Teach a geography lesson．
【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
8．（4.5 分）听第8 段材料，回答第10 至12 题．
10．Why does the man call the woman？
A．To tell her about her new job．
B．To ask about her job program．
C．To plan a meeting with her．
11．Who needs a new flat？
A．Alex．
B．Andrea．
C．Miranda．
12．Where is the woman now？
A．In Baltimore．
B．In New York．
C．In Avon．
【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】BBB
【点评】略
9．（6 分）（1）What does Jan consider most important when he judges a restaurant？
A．Where the restaurant is．
B．Whether the prices are low．
C．How well the food is prepared．
（2）When did Jan begin to write for a magazine？
A．After he came back to Sweden．
B．Before he went to the United States．
C．As soon as he got his first job in 1982．
（3）What may Jan do to find a good restaurant？
A．Talk to people in the street．
B．Speak to taxi drivers．
C．Ask hotel clerks．
（4）What do we know about Jan？
A．He cooks for a restaurant．
B．He travels a lot for his work．
C．He prefers American food．
【考点】17：短文理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
10．（6 分）听第10 段材料，回答第17 至20 题．
17．What do we know about the Plaza Leon？
A．It's a new building． B．It's a small town． C．It's a public place．
18．When do Parents and children like going to the Plaza Leon？
A．Saturday nights． B．Sunday afternoons． C．Fridays and Saturdays．
19．Why does the speaker like Horatio Street best？
A．Via del Mar Street． B．Fernmando Street． C．Hermandes Street．
20．Why does the Speaker like Horatio Street best？
A．It has an old stone surface．
B．It is named after a writer．
C．It has famous university．
【考点】17：短文理解．菁优网版权所有
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15 分）第一节：单项填空（共15 小题；每小题1 分，满
分15 分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在
答题卡上将该项涂黑．
11．（1 分）Generally，students'inner motivation with high expectations from others ______
essential to their development．（ ）
A．is
B．are
C．was
D．were
【考点】AE：动词的辨析．菁优网版权所有
【分析】一般说来，别人对其期望值高的学生，他们的内在动机对自身的发展是至关重要
的
【解答】答案：A 题干中主语是motivation，谓语动词要用单数；句意表达的是客观事实，要
用一般现在时态．故选A．
【点评】动词短语是一个比较难的语言点，搭配较多，用法灵活．学习时，要注意积累．尤其
是相似或相近的用法，要注意区分和掌握．
12．（1 分）﹣The T﹣shirt I received is not the same as is shown online．
﹣________？But I promise you we'll look into it right away．（ ）
A．Who says
B．How come
C．What for
D．Why worry
【考点】JI：语言交际．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣﹣我收到的体血衫与网上所展示的（图片）不同．
﹣﹣﹣怎么会这样呢？但是我承诺/答应你我们将立即调查这件事．
【解答】答案B．A 项"谁说的"；C 项"为何？"；D 项"为何忧伤"；B 项"怎么会这样呢"；根据
答句中"But I promise you we'll look into it right away"提示可知，说话者对对方所说的
事（收到的体血衫与网上所展示的图片不同）也感到难以置信，表示要调查此事．因此B
项符合语境，故选B．
【点评】本题考查情景交际．解答此类题目首先应该读懂句意，分析上下文语境和逻辑关
系．其次对每个选项中的交际用语的适用情况要掌握，根据语境锁定正确答案．关键平时
学习中要对交际用语多积累多总结反复记忆．
13．（1 分）﹣The town is so beautiful!I just love it．
﹣Me too．The character of the town is well ．（ ）
A．qualified
B．preserved
C．decorated
D．simplified
【考点】AE：动词的辨析．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣小镇多漂亮啊！我喜欢．﹣我也是．小镇的特点要保留好．
【解答】答案：B qualify 合格；preserve 保存，保留；decorate 装点，装饰；simplify 简化．句意
表达的是保存好选择的特点，故选B．
【点评】动词短语是一个比较难的语言点，搭配较多，用法灵活．学习时，要注意积累．尤其
是相似或相近的用法，要注意区分和掌握．
14．（1 分）Lionel Messi，________ the record for the most goals in a calendar year，is
considered the most talented football player in Europe．（ ）
A．set
B．setting
C．to set
D．having set
【考点】B2：现在分词的完成式．菁优网版权所有
【分析】尼奥内尔．梅西，创造了年度进球最多的记录，被认为是欧洲最有天赋的足球员．
【解答】答案：D
题干中set the record for the most goals in a calendar year 是作Messi 的后置定语，两
者构成主动关系，要用现在分词；句意表达的set 动作发生在consider 之前，要用分词的完
成式．故选D．
【点评】现在分词是非谓语动词的一种，表达主动或进行；过去分词表达被动或完成；动词
不定式表达未发生的动作．学习时，要注意区分和掌握．
15．（1 分）﹣Could I use your car tomorrow morning？
﹣Sure．I _______ a report at home．（ ）
A．will be writing
B．will have written
C．have written
D．have been writing
【考点】E7：将来进行时．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣明天上午我可以用一下你的车吗？
﹣﹣可以．明天上午我会在写报告．
【解答】答案：A．
结合句意"明天上午我会在写报告"可知，答语强调的是明天上午自己在干的事情，所以用
将来进行时．故选A．
【点评】将来进行时的标志就是表达将来的某个时间正在发生或者进行的动作，结合句意
或者时间状语即可做出正确选择．
16．（1 分）I am always delighted when I receive an email from you． ．The party on
July 1st I shall be pleased to attend．（ ）
A．On account of
B．In response to
C．In view of
D．With regard to
【考点】8B：介词短语．菁优网版权所有
【分析】每当我收到你的邮件我都很开心．关于七月一号的聚会，我很乐意参加．
【解答】答案：D 本题考查短语辨析．on account of 由于；in response to 对…作出回应；in
view of 鉴于；with regard to 关于．句意表达的是：电子邮件中提到的关于聚会的事．
故选：D．
【点评】介词短语搭配较多，用法灵活．学习时，要注意积累．对那些相似短语要注意区分
和掌握．
17．（1 分）"Never for a second，"the boy says，"________ that my father would come to
my rescue"．（ ）
A．I doubted
B．do I doubt
C．I have doubted
D．did I doubt
【考点】GB：倒装句．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这个男孩说：男孩说他一刻也没怀疑过他父亲会来救他．
【解答】答案为D
当否定副词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装．故本题要用部分倒装．
再根据would come to…可知，是在讲过去发生的事，故用过去时．故选D．
【点评】部分倒装，部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前．
如果句中没有谓语，就用助动词或情态动词．否定意义的词放句首用部分倒装英语中构成
部分倒装的主要情形有：
1．含否定意义的词（如 never，hardly，seldom，little，few，not until，not，not only，no
sooner，no longer，nowhere，by no means 等）置于句首时，其后用部分倒装．如：
Never have I seen read such a book．我从未读过那样的书．
2．only 加状语（副词/介词短语/从句）放在句首时，其后用部分倒装．如：
Only in this way can you do it well．只有这样你才能做好．
3．so/neither/nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用"so/neither/nor+助动词+主语"这
样的倒装句式．如：
He can sing English songs and so can I．他会唱英语歌，我也会．
4．当虚拟条件句含有 were，should，had 时，可省略 if，将 were，should，had 置于句首．
如：
Were I Tom（＝If I were Tom），I would refuse．如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝．
5．so…that 结构中，将 so+adj．/adv．置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序．如：
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home．天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里．
18．（1 分）In the global economy，a new drug for cancer， it is discovered，will create
many economic possibilities around the world．（ ）
A．whatever
B．whoever
C．wherever
D．whichever
【考点】92：从属连词．菁优网版权所有
【分析】在全球经济环境下，一种治癌新药，无论在什么地方被发现，都会给世界上创造出
很多经济发展的可能性．
【解答】答案：C
题干中it is discovered 是一个完整的句子，要用连接副词，whatever，whoever，whichever
都是连接代词，要充当从句的主语或宾语．
故选：C．
【点评】连词用来连接从句．按照类型可分为：从属连词，连接代词，连接副词．学习时，要
注意区分和掌握．
19．（1 分）Team leaders must ensure that all members their natural desire to avoid
the embarrassment associated with making mistakes．（ ）
A．get over
B．look over
C．take over
D．come over
【考点】A9：动词短语．菁优网版权所有
【分析】团队领导者必须确保所有成员克服他们发自内心的渴望﹣﹣以避免犯错所带来的
尴尬．
【解答】答案：A．
get over 克服；恢复；熬过；look over 查看；仔细检查；take over 接收，接管；come over 过
来，来访．根据句意"团队领导者必须确保所有成员克服他们发自内心的渴望﹣﹣想要避
免犯错所带来的尴尬．"可知，A 项为正确答案．
【点评】本题考查的是动词短语，要熟悉选项中短语的意思，并结合具体的语境选择出正
确选项．
20．（1 分）I should not have laughed if I you were serious．（ ）
A．thought
B．would think
C．had thought
D．have thought
【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．菁优网版权所有
【分析】如果我认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了．
【解答】答案：C
根据句意可知，本句是虚拟条件句．由于主句使用了should+have+done 的形式，因此这里
应表示与过去事实相反的假设，故if 从句应使用过去完成时（had+done）；
故选：C．
【点评】本题考查了虚拟条件句的用法．做本题时，需要掌握：当虚拟条件句表示与过去事
实相反的假设时，主句使用should（not）+have+done 的形式，从句应使用过去完成时．
21．（1 分）Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins，the city
took on a new look．（ ）
A．reducing
B．reduced
C．being reduced
D．having reduced
【考点】B1：现在分词的被动式．菁优网版权所有
【分析】在遭受大地震沦为废墟后不久，这座城市就呈现出新的面貌．
【解答】答案：C
短语搭配，be reduced to ruins 表示"被…沦为废墟"；句中be reduced to ruins 是和
suffering from 并列，同时作介词after 的宾语，要用动词的ing 形式．
故选：C．
【点评】现在分词是非谓语动词的一种，表达主动或进行；过去分词表达被动或完成；动词
不定式表达未发生的动作．学习时，要注意区分和掌握．
22．（1 分）The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，______ he
remembers starting as early as his childhood．（ ）
A．where
B．when
C．what
D．which
【考点】59：关系代词；H2：非限制性定语从句．菁优网版权所有
【分析】世界银行的总裁说他对中国有感情，他还记得早在童年时他就开始了这种深厚的
感情．
【解答】答案D．逗号之前主句，逗号是非限制性定语从句，which 引导非限制性定语从句，
指代passion，并与starring as early as…一起构成动名词复合结构在定语从句中
remember 的宾语．从句可还原为：He remembers the passion starring as early…．A 和B
两项在定语从句中作状语．C 项不引导定语从句，故选D 项．
【点评】本题考查非限制性定语从句．解答此类题目首先要分析句子结构，非限制性定语
从句中逗号是一个明显的标志，然后分析非限制性定语从句中的成分，如果缺成分用关系
代词，如果不缺成分用关系副词．
23．（1 分）With inspiration from other food cultures，American food culture can take a
for the better．（ ）
A．share
B．chance
C．turn
D．lead
【考点】35：名词的词义辨析．菁优网版权所有
【分析】有了其它饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化开始朝着好的方向发展．
【解答】答案：C
take a turn for the better 好转，柳暗花明；其反义结构是take a turn for the worse 恶化，
急转直下．故选C．
【点评】名词的词义辨析是常考题型．平时学习时要注意积累，特别是近义短语和固定搭
配，要注意区分和掌握．
24．（1 分）﹣What about your self﹣drive trip yesterday？
﹣Tiring!The road is being widened，and we_________ a rough ride．（ ）
A．had
B．have
C．would have
D．have had
【考点】E2：一般过去时．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣你昨天的自驾游怎么样？
﹣﹣太累了！路正在加宽，我们一路很颠簸．
【解答】答案：A
根据对话的语境可知，是在谈论昨天的自驾游，要用一般过去式．故选A 项．
【点评】考查一般过去式．要根据语境或时间状语判断，然后再记住这种时态的句式结构．
25．（1 分）﹣Thank you for the flowers．
﹣ I thought they might cheer you up．（ ）
A．That's right
B．All right
C．I mall right
D．It's all right
【考点】JI：语言交际．菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣谢谢你的花．
﹣﹣别客气．我认为他们可能会让你心情好起来的．
【解答】答案：D．
That's right 那是对的． All right 好吧，I'm all right 我很好．It's all right 不用谢，别客
气．Thank you 的答语是It's all right．故选D．
【点评】对于交际用语要分析句子的具体语境，搞明白前后之间的逻辑关系．
四、标题
26．（20 分）I used to believe in the American Dream，which meant a job，a mortgage （按
揭），credit cards，success．I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else，all of us
（36）
A
chasing the same thing．
One year，through a series of unhappy events，it all fell（37）
B
．I found myself
homeless and alone．I had my truck and $56．I （38）
D
the countryside for some
place I could rent for the （39）
D
possible amount．I came upon a shabby house
four miles up a winding mountain road （40）
C
the Potomac River in West
Virginia．It was （41）
B
，full of broken glass and rubbish．I found the owner，rented
it，and （42）
C
a corner to camp in．
The locals knew nothing about me，（43）
A
slowly，they started teaching me the
（44）
D
of being a neighbor．They dropped off blankets，candles，and tools，and
began （45）
A
around to chat．They started to teach me a belief in a （46）
C
American Dream﹣not the one of individual achievement but of （47）
A
．
What I had believed in，all those things I thought were （48）
D
for a civilized life，
were nonexistent in this place．（49）
A
on the mountain，my most valuable
possessions were my （50）
B
with my neighbors．
Four years later，I moved back into （51）
C
．I saw many people were having a
really hard time，（52）
B
their jobs and homes．I managed to rent a big enough
house to （53）
C
a handful of people．There are four of us now in the house，but
over time I've had nine people come in and move on to other places．We'd all be in
（54）
B
if we hadn't banded together ．
The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one．It's not so much about what I
can get for myself； it's about （55）
D
we can all get by together．
36．A．separately
B．equally
C．violently
D．naturally
37．A．off
B．apart
C．over
D．out
38．A．crossed
B．left
C．toured
D．searched
39．A．fullest
B．largest
C．fairest
D．cheapest
40．A．at
B．through
C．over
D．round
41．A．occupied
B．abandoned
C．emptied
D．robbed
42．A．turned
B．approached
C．cleared
D．cut
43．A．but
B．although
C．otherwise
D．for
44．A．benefit
B．lesson
C．nature
D．art
45．A．sticking
B．looking
C．swinging
D．turning
46．A．wild
B．real
C．different
D．remote
47．A．neighborliness
B．happiness
C．friendliness
D．kindness
48．A．unique
B．expensive
C．rare
D．necessary
49．A．Up
B．Down
C．Deep
D．Along
50．A．cooperation
B．relationships
C．satisfaction
D．appointments
51．A．reality
B．society
C．town
D．life
52．A．creating
B．losing
C．quitting
D．offering
53．A．put in
B．turn in
C．take in
D．get in
54．A．yards
B．shelters
C．camps
D．cottages
55．A．when
B．what
C．whether
D．how．
【考点】M6：人生感悟类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，在困境中来到乡下，在邻里之间的帮助下，我的思想转变了：
美国梦是一个共享的梦．
【解答】36．A 考查副词的词义辨析．所有的人都各自地追逐着同样的东西．separately 各
自地，分别地，符合题意．而equally 平等地，violently 猛烈地，暴力地，naturally 自然地，皆
不合题意．
37．B 动词短语辨析．由不好的事及下文我独自一人无家可归，可知一切都失败了．fall
apart 崩溃，失败，符合题意．
38．D 动词词义辨析．我在乡下搜索寻找一个可以租的地方．search…for…搜索某一范围
找某个东西，符合题意．
39．D 形容词词义辨析．由上文我只有56 美元，可知是找一个最便宜的出租地，故选D
项．
40．C 考查上下文理解与推测．在河流的上方用over．
41．B 考查上下文理解与推测，充满破玻璃和垃圾，可知是一个废弃的地方．abandoned
废弃的，遗弃的，符合题意．occupied 忙碌的，被占的．
42．C 由上文房子充满破玻璃和垃圾，所以，要先清理出一个角落才能入住．clear 清理，
符合题意．
43．A 上句当地人不认识我，下句他们开始教给我，之间是转折关系，用but 连接两个并
列分句．
44．D 由下文"邻居们放下毯子，蜡烛，工具"等等，可知这是作邻居的艺术，故选D 项．
45．A 邻居们放下东西，停下来聊天．stick around 停留，逗留，符合题意．
46．C 考查上下文理解与推测．由下文"不是个人的成就，而是…"与我原本以为的完全不
同，故选C 项．
47．A 考查上下文理解与推测．由上文可知，作者感动的是邻里之间的和睦关系，故选A
项．neighborliness 睦邻，亲近，和睦，符合题意．
48．D 原本我认为对于城市生活必需的东西，故选D 项．
49．A 由上文信息他的房子是在four miles up a winding mountain road 可知这里的人
们是住在山上，故选A 项．
50．B 由上文12 空处，可以看出，我最珍贵的财产就是我与邻居们的关系．故选B 项．
51．C 考查上下文理解与推测．由move back 搬回，可知又回到镇上，故选C 项．
52．B 由下文我租了房子给人住，可以知道很多人失去了工作和房子，选losing．
53．C 我租了足够大的房子收留一些人，take in 收留，留宿，符合题意．put in 输入，turn
in 上交，get in 收割，皆不合题意．
54．B 如果我们不联合起来，我们全都要住在收容所里．shelter 收留所，遮蔽处，符合题
意．
55．D about 后面的从句不缺主语、宾语、表语，因此不选what；也没有是否（whether）的
意思；也没涉及时间（when）问题，因此只能选how．
【点评】完形填空是考查语言的应用能力．解题时在理解文章大意的情况下，要充分考虑
语境和上下文暗示．对于故事类的文章，因为情节性较强，要特别留心．
第三部分:阅读理解(共4 小题;每小题4 分,满分30 分)请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所
给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
27
．
（
4
分
）
56．The leaflet is to inform visitors of the Park's
D
A．advanced management B．thrill performances
C．entertainment facilities D．thoughtful services
57．A visitor to the Park can
B
A．rent a stroller outside Front Gate B．ask for first aid by Thunder Run
C．smoke in the Water Park D．leave his pet at KidZville．
【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，题材是加拿大游乐园的旅游指导宣传页．作者通过游客服务、
饮食选择、ATM 机服务、宠物的照料、急救、婴儿车、储物柜和轮椅的租用及吸烟的规定等
方面为游客的旅游进行全方面的指导服务．
【解答】56．D 细节理解题．从文章中的关键信息"Guest Services""Food & Drink
Options""ATMs""Pet Care""First Aid""Stroller，Locker and Wheelchair Rentals""Smoking
Policy"可知，这个宣传单的目的是告知游客们有关Canada's Wonderland 公园提供的体贴
周到的服务信息．所以选D 项．
57．B 细节理解题．从"First Aid"中的"tell any park employee who will call First Aid
and have them come to your location"可知，如果游客需要急救的话，他们可以让公园工
作人员叫医务人员过来．所以选B 项．
【点评】解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关
键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透
过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发
展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．
28．（6 分）We've considered several ways of paying to cut inline：hiring line standers，
buying tickets from scalpers （票贩子），or purchasing line cutting privileges directly
from，say，an airline or an amusement park．Each of these deals replaces the morals of
the queue （waiting your turn） with the morals of the market （paying a price for
faster service）．
Markets and queues﹣paying and waiting﹣are two different ways of allocating
things，and each is appropriate to different activities．The morals of the queue，"First
come，first served，"have an egalitarian（平等主义的） appeal．They tell us to ignore
privilege，power，and deep pockets．
The principle seems right on play grounds and at bus stops．But the morals of the
queue do not govern all occasions．If I put my house up for sale，I have no duty to
accept the first offer that comes along，simply because it's the first．Selling my house
and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards．
Sometimes standards change，and it is unclear which principle should apply．Think of
the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when
calling your bank ："Your call will be answered in the order in which it was
received．"This is essential for the morals of the queue．It's as if the company is trying
to ease our impatience with fairness．
But don't take the recorded message too seriously．Today，some people's calls are
answered faster than others．Call center technology enables companies to"score"incoming
call sand to give faster service to those that come from rich places．You might call
this telephonic queue jumping．
Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things．Some goods
we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance．However，the tendency of
markets to replace queues ，and other non﹣market ways of allocating goods is so
common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore．It is striking that most of
the paid queue﹣jumping schemes we've considered﹣at airports and amusement parks，
in call centers，doctors'offices，and national parks﹣are recent developments，scarcely
imaginable three decades ago．The disappearance of the queues in these places may
seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered．
58 ．According to the author ，which of the following seems governed by the
principle"First come，first served"？
A
A．Taking buses． B．Buying houses．
C．Flying with an airline． D．Visiting amusement parks．
59．The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates．
C
A．the necessity of patience in queuing B．the advantage of modern technology
C．the uncertainty of allocation principle D．the fairness of telephonic services
60．The passage is meant to
B
．
A．justify paying for faster services
B．discuss the morals of allocating things
C．analyze the reason for standing in line
D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping．
【考点】O7：政治经济类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是议论文，是作者对分配事情的道德标准的见解，提到了以下几点内容：1．额
外付款得到更快服务和排队等候是分配事情所采取的两种不同方式，他们适用于不同的
场合；2．排队等候原则在运动场上和车站似乎是对的，但也不是说所有场合都适用，有时
候标准是会变的；3．对待各种场合的录音信息不要太认真，有时候公司会利用呼叫中心给
某些人优先权；4．额外付款得到更快服务和排队等候并不是分配事情所采取的固定方式，
可是现在额外付款得到更快服务的方式有取代排队等候和其它的分配方式的趋势，这排
队原则的逐渐消失令人担忧．
【解答】58．A 细节理解题，根据第二段The principle seems right on play grounds and
at bus stops．Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly
governed by different standards．可知卖房和等公交车是受不同标准的制约，等公交车是
先到先得，而卖房则不同，故选A．
59．C 推理判断题，根据第四段Sometimes standards change，and it is unclear which
principle should apply．以及第五段 But don't take the recorded message too seriously．
可知适用规则的不确定性以及不要太把这个事例当故事，故选C．
60．B 主旨大意题，根据第六段Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways
of allocating things．可知本文主要讲述了对分配事务的道德问题的探讨，故选B．
【点评】考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，
和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的
事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
29．（8 分）If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends．Nitrogen（氮） dissolved
（溶解） in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure ．The
consequence，if the bubbles （气泡）accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and abent body
﹣thus the name．If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be
death．
Other air﹣breathing animals also suffer this decompression（减压） sickness if they
surface too fast：whales，for example．And so，long ago，did ichthyosaurs．That these
ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones．If bubbles of nitrogen
form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply．This kills the cells in the
bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse．Fossil （化石）
bones that have caved in on them selves are thus a sign that the animal once had the
bends．
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study
of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past．What he
particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of
decompression over the 150 million years．To this end，he and his colleagues traveled
the world's natural﹣history museums ，looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the
Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods．
When he started ，he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger
fossils ，reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression ．
Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite．More than 15% of Jurassic and
Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died ，but not a single
Triassic specimen（标本） showed evidence of that sort of injury．
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti﹣decompression means，they clearly did so quickly
﹣and，most strangely，they lost it afterwards．But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks
happened．He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change．
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a
predator （捕食动物） such as a large shark．One of the features of Jurassic oceans was
an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur
lunches．Triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark﹣and crocodile﹣free．In the
Triassic，then，ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain．In the Jurassic and Cretaceous，
they were prey（猎物） as well as predator﹣and often had to make a speedy exit as a
result．
61．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends？
A
A．A twisted body．
B．A gradual decrease in blood supply．
C．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood．
D．A drop in blood pressure．
62．The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see
B
．
A．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends
B．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression
C．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies
D．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
63．Roths child's finding stated in Paragraph 4
C
．
A．confirmed his assumption
B．speeded up his research process
C．disagreed with his assumption
D．changed his research objectives
64．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs
A
．
A．failed to evolve an anti decompression means
B．gradually developed measures against the bends
C．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
D．evolved an anti decompression means but soon lost it．
【考点】OA：健康环保类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文属于科普说明文，主要向我们讲述了鱼龙的身体弯曲的原因以及结果． 罗斯
柴尔德博士通过实验推翻了以前关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测．
【解答】61．A 细节理解题．根据第一段If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer
the bends．Nitrogen（氮） dissolved（溶解） in his blood is suddenly liberated by the
reduction of pressure．可知潜水员如果露出水面太快身体会弯曲，故选A．
62．B 推理判断题．根据第三段to find out how widespread the problem was in the
past 和to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression 可
知罗斯柴尔德博士的研究目的是为了探讨鱼龙如何适应减压的问题，故选B．
63．C 推理判断题．根据第四段he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in
younger fossils，接下来又说Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite．可知，他
开始时所认为的与实验得出的结论不符，因此说他的实验结果和他开始的预测相反，故选
C．
64．A 推理判断题．根据第四段If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti﹣decompression
means…But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened．可知，罗斯柴尔德博士并不
认可鱼龙的抗溶解进化途径．因此A 正确；误解分析：B 项文章中没有提及；文章只是说
they have surfaced to escape a predator，并不是说鱼龙的灭绝是鲨鱼造成的，因此C 错；
D 项与罗斯柴尔德博士的看法正好相反；故选A．
【点评】做阅读理解时要快速的浏览全文，把握文章主旨大意，带着问题回到原文，寻找细
节或概括相应的答案，最后要理清作者写作思路．
30．（12 分）Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel．And he
surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on
racism．
I say clever because anti﹣slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature
in the years before the Civil War．H．B．Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most
famous example．These early stories dealt directly with slavery．With minor exceptions，
Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface
about something else entirely．He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them
into the story．
Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge
of race．Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twain's novels，Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn．Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as
Huckleberry Finn，Twain's most widely read tale．Once upon a time，people hated the
book because it struckthemas rude．Twain himself wrote that those who banned the
book considered the novel"trash and suitable only for the slums（贫民窟）．"More
recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，
and many occurrences of the word nigger．（The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel
is often severely criticized，never appears in it．）
But the attacks were and are silly﹣and miss the point．The novel is strongly anti﹣
slavery．Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been
forcibly parted is heroic．As J．Chadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a
first in American fiction﹣a recognition that the slave had two personalities，"the voice
of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father
and the man．"
There is much more．Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to
the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day．Written at a time when the
accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior （低等的） to whites ，especially in
intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth．A slave
gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，
switched him for the master's baby by his wife．The slave's light﹣skinned child was
taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave
﹣holding class．The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the
attitudes and intonations of the slave．
The point was difficult to miss：nurture （养育），not nature，was the key to social
status．The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice﹣manner of
speech，for example﹣were，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning
that slavery forced on its victims．
Twain's racial tone was not perfect．One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy
passage in his autobiography （自传） about how much he loved what were
called"nigger shows"in his youth﹣mostly with white men performing in black﹣face﹣
and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them．Yet there is no reason to think
Twain saw the shows as representing reality ．His frequent attacks on slavery and
prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not．
Was Twain a racist？Asking the questioning the 21 stcentury is as wise as asking the
same of Lincoln．If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the"wisdom"of
the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error．Lincoln，
who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free
him．And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have
done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective
conscience than any other novelist in the past century．
65．How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowes？
B
A．Twain was more willing to deal with racism．
B．Twain's attack on racism was much less open．
C．Twain's themes seemed to agree with plots．
D．Twain was openly concerned with racism．
66．Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its
D
．
A．target readers at the bottom
B．anti slavery attitude
C．rather impolite language
D．frequent use of"nigger"
67．What best proves Twain's anti slavery stand according to the author？
C
A．Jim's search for his family was described in detail．
B．The slave's voice was first heard in American novels．
C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture．
D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent．
68．The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that
C
．
A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters
B．slaves babies could pickup slave holders‵way of speaking
C．blacks‵social position was shaped by how they were brought up
D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice
69．What does the under lined word"they"in Paragraph 7 refer to
D
？
A．The attacks．
B．Slavery and prejudice．
C．White men．
D．The shows．
70．What does the author mainly argue for？
A
A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism．
B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln．
C．Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds．
D．Twain s works should be read from a historical point of view．
【考点】OD：文学艺术类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本篇为说明文，谈到马克•吐温的小说是不是对奴隶制和种族偏见进行了抨击，以
及它们受到了不同人士的批评的情况．
【解答】65．B．推理判断题．由第二段的…Twain planted his attacks on slavery and
prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely．可知，马克•
吐温的小说表面上完全是谈其他事情，而实际上故事中植入了对奴隶制和种族偏见的抨
击．其他早期小说用的是直接抨击方式（dealt directly with slavery）．因此B 项说他的小
说对种族歧视的抨击非常不明显是恰当的，由此排除C、D 两项；由第三段第一句中
的"forced"可知A 项不对．故选B．
66．D．细节理解题．根据关键词Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 可定位到第三段．由
More recently the book has been attacked because of…many occurences of the word
nigger．可知，目前最近的书存在的攻击是由于逃跑的奴隶，和许多出现下层人的单词．答
案为D 项．A、C 项都是以前人们对该书的评价；B 项无依据．故选D．
67．C．细节理解题．由第四段的末句…the character of Jim was a first in American
fiction﹣a recognition that the slave had two personalities…可知，吉姆是马克吐温笔下
美国首个具有双重人格的奴隶，可证明马克吐温的立场．A、D 项叙述与原文不符；B 项未
提及．故选C．
68．C．推理判断题．第五段讲到Twain's mystery novel…as a challenge to the racial
beliefs…，（吐温的小说，具有民族观念的挑战．）而下一段的The point was difficult to
miss：nurture（养育），not nature，was the key to social status．（不自然，养育是社会地位
的关键）是对a challenge to the racial beliefs 的进一步解释．故只有C 项符合要求．其他
各项都是对第五段的字面意思的理解．故选C．
69．D．词义猜测题．由画线词所在句的前一句可知，没有理由认为马克•吐温把这些表演
当作现实，后句紧接着解释到：马克•吐温对奴隶制和偏见的不断抨击说明了他敏锐的意
识﹣﹣它们不是现实．可见they 就是指代the shows．故选D．
70．A．推理判断题．最后一段最后一句：And Twain…may have done more to anger the
nation over racial injustice…than any other novelist in the past century．可知，吐温在自
己的作品中，在种族歧视表现了更多的愤怒．这也同时表明作者的观点．只有A 项符合要
求．故选A．
【点评】本文考察文学作品类阅读．阅读时要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者
所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容．阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精
确地查出试题所设置的关键内容．
第四部分任务型阅读(共1 小题;每小题10 分,满分10 分)请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内
容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号
的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
31．（10 分）Quiet Virtue：The Conscientious
The everyday signs of conscientiousness （认真尽责）﹣being punctual，careful in doing
work，self﹣disciplined，and scrupulous （一丝不苟的） in attending to responsibilities﹣
are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen ，the people who keep
things running as they should．They follow the rules，help out，and are concerned about
the people they work with ．It's the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or
updates people who return after an absence ，who gets to work on time and never
abuses sick leaves，who always gets things done on deadline．
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field．In studies of job performance，
outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs，from semi 鄄skilled labor to sales and
management，depends on conscientiousness．It is particularly important for outstanding
performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization：the secretary whose message
taking is perfect，the delivery truck driver who is always on time．
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer，those who were
most conscientious had the largest volume of sales ．Conscientiousness also offers a
buffer （缓冲） against the threat of job loss in today's constantly changing market，
because employees with this quality are among the most valued ．For the sales
representatives，their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales
in determining who stayed on．
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better
than they actually are ．Their reputation for dependability influences managers 爷
evaluations of their work，giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of
their performance would predict．
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems ．Since
conscientious people demand so much of themselves，they can hold other people to
their own standards，and so be overly judgmental when others don 爷t show the same
high levels of model behavior．Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States
who were extremely conscientious，for example，tended to criticize co﹣workers even
about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized，which damaged their
relationships．
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations，it can discourage
creativity．In creative professions like art or advertising，openness to wild ideas and
spontaneity （自发性） are scarce and in demand．Success in such occupations calls for
a balance，however； without enough conscientiousness to follow through，people become
mere dreamers，with nothing to show for their imaginativeness．
71．
strict
72．
helpful/good
73．
Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance
74．
running/working/going/operating/functioning
75．
performance
（
s ）
76．
fired/dismissed/jobless
77．
problems/troubles
78．
higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced
79．
tense/damaged/poor/bad
80．
discourage/affect/damage
．
【考点】PC：阅读表格．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是议论文，描述的是"认真尽责"这种美德的特征、在人们的生活和工作等方面
发挥的重大作用和可能由这种美德所引起的问题．
【解答】71．答案：strict；细节理解．从第一段第一句可知认真尽责的人准时、工作认真、自
律性强、处理问题一丝不苟，所以说他们对自己要求严格．
72．答案：helpful/good；细节理解．从第一段第二句可知认真尽责的人乐于助人．
73 ．答案：Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance ；逻辑推理．从第二段第一
句"Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field．"可知认真尽责有很大的作用和意
义．
74．答案：running/working/going/operating/functioning；内容归纳．第二段表明工作的各个
环节的顺利进行都离不开认真尽责的态度．
75．答案：performance（s）；细节理解．原文可以找到"outstanding performance"．
76．答案：fired/dismissed/jobless；转换词义．原文用"against the threat of job loss"
77．答案：problems/troubles；词义理解．第三段第一句中给出答案"﹣﹣﹣lead to
problems"．
78．答案：higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced；推理概括．第四段，原文用"giving them
higher evaluations than objective measures﹣﹣﹣"．
79．答案：tense/damaged/poor/bad；推理概括．第五段最后一句用"which damaged their
relationships"
80．答案：discourage/affect/damage；推理概括．最后一段第一句用"it can discourage
creativity"．
【点评】议论文类的阅读需要明确文章的中心思想和写作意图，在中心思想和写作意图的
指导下，寻找依据．此类文章考查了学生的逻辑推理能力．本文难度适中，但是所需要的
词汇有5 道题在原文中不能找到，需要学生归纳总结信息，所以有一定的难度．
第五部分:书面表达(满分25 分)
32．（25 分）请根据你对以下两幅图的理解，以"Actions Speak Louder than Words"为题，用
英语写一篇作文．
参考词汇：banner （横幅）
stump （树桩）
你的作文应包括以下内容：
（1）简要描述两幅图的内容；
（2）概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解；
（3）举例说明两幅图对你的启示．
注意：
（1）可参照图片适当发挥；
（2）作文词数150 左右；
（3）作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等．
【考点】R3：图画类；S3：议论文．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是看图作文，作文主题明确，即"Actions Speak Louder than Words（平衡生
活）"，根据题目、图画和内容要求写一篇观点类的议论文．图片主要内容是要人们少说空
话多做实事，行动比口号更实际，内容贴近学生生活．
写作要点：1．图画描述：第一幅图里有一颗树，周围都是树桩，一个人想在这颗树上挂上
标语，但没法挂；第二幅图里一对夫妇正在植树．2．对文中两种做法的理解：我们的地球
遭到破坏，我们应该行动起来保护地球，而不是在那儿空喊口号．3．两幅图的启示：多做
实事少说空话，并举例说明．又属提纲作文．
时态用一般现在时．人称以第三人称为主．
重要短语：celebrate sth（庆祝某事），try to do sth（努力做某事），put up（张贴），be
surrounded by（被…包围 ），in vain（徒劳地），suffer severe damage （遭受严重的破坏），
pay lip service（说空话），take practical measures to do（采取实际措施做某事），take
actions（采取行动），cut down（砍到），instead of（代替），donate…to…（把…捐赠…），
follow traffic rules（遵守交通规则），rather than（而不是；宁可…也不愿），complain about
（抱怨），make a difference（产生影响），accomplish sth（完成某事）．
【高分句型一】
1．In Picture 1，a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by
stumps，but in vain，while Picture 2 shows a couple happily planting trees．
此处是由连词"while"引导的状语从句，意为"虽然，尽管"主句为"a man is trying to
put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps，but in vain"．
【高分句型二】
2．The message conveyed here is clear："Actions speak louder than words．"
此处是由过去分词作名词"message"的后置定语，可以理解为定语从句"The message
which/that is conveyed here is clear"．
【高分句型三】
3．Instead of shouting empty slogans，it is more meaningful to donate books and sports
goods to children in need．
此处是"It+is+adj+to do sth"句型，"it"是形式主语．
【高分句型四】
4．We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules，stopping at the red light rather
than complaining about traffic jams．
此处是现在分词作伴随状语，主句为"We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic
rules"，主句的主语为"we"与所给动词"stop"和"complain"存在逻辑上的主动关系．
【高分句型五】
1．Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever
we hope to accomplish．
此处是部分倒装结构，结构为"Only+【状语成分：介词短语/when、if 引导的从句/时间副
词】+一般疑问句形式"．
【解答】Actions Speak Louder than Words
People celebrate Earth Day differently．In Picture 1，a man is trying to put up a banner
on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps，but in vain，while Picture 2 shows a couple
happily planting trees．【高分句型一】（图画描述）
The message conveyed here is clear："Actions speak louder than words．"【高分句型二】
Our earth is suffering severe damage．Should we just pay lip service or take practical
measures to protect it？The answer is definitely the latter．Immediate actions should be
taken，like stopping cutting down trees，to better the environment．（理解）
Actions are important in other fields，too．Instead of shouting empty slogans，it is more
meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need．【高分句型三】We
should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules，stopping at the red light rather than
complaining about traffic jams．【高分句型四】Only when we match our words with
actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish．【高分句型五】
（启示）
【点评】看图作文要求将画面所包含的有效信息用文字表达出来，并适当拓展并发挥想象．
如果是记叙文类的素材，要注意故事的时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、过程、结果这六个
要素；如果是说明文或议论文，首先要对图画的内容进行描述，然后围绕图画的信息进行
说明或议论．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，
同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．
