【2026版高中步步高同步复习英语外研版选择性必修一学习笔记word培优讲义Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Under

Ⅲ 　Understanding ideas

Step 1速读——整体理解文意

Ⅰ.明文章大意

What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Darwin’s interest in various things made him a great naturalist.

B．Darwin’s journey on the Beagle inspired his theory of evolution.

C．Why Darwin was chosen to go on a journey with the captain of the Beagle.

D．Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.

答案　B

Ⅱ.悉篇章结构

Step 2细读——深度获取细节

1．What can we learn about Charles Darwin from the passage?

A．Charles Darwin was not an excellent graduate from the medical school.

B．Charles Darwin was well received by the captain.

C．All his achievements began with the journey on the Beagle.

D．Charles Darwin explained his theory immediately he came back.

答案　A

2．Why was Darwin’s room on the ship crowded with samples of plants and animals?

A．He was interested in them.

B．He would send them to his friends as gifts.

C．He would study their influences on the environment.

D．The captain ordered him to do so.

答案　A

3．Why did Darwin’s book OntheOriginofSpecies cause a storm? 

A．Because Darwin’s father considered it a failure.

B．Because the book referred to something about humans.

C．Because people used to believe that all species had happened on Earth at the same time.

D．Because Darwin’s theory was short of evidence.

答案　C

4．According to Darwin，how did new species of plants and animals come to exist?

A．They suddenly appeared on Earth at the same time.

B．They evolved from earlier ancestors.

C．New species would appear when old species died out.

D．All the animals evolved from the finches.

答案　B

5．Which words can be used to describe Charles Darwin?

A．Brave and dedicated.

B．Diligent and humorous.

C．Devoted and warm­hearted.

D．Modest and responsible.

答案　A

Step 3读后——课文语法填空

Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist,1.fascinated(fascinate) by rocks，plants and animals.He left England on the ship，the Beagle，in 1831.The journey gave him the chance 2.to study(study) various living things in their natural environments.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 3.to each other.

At that time，people believed that all species 4.had appeared(appear) on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.

When the ship reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，it 5.was(be) the birds that interested him the most.He suspected that the different finches had evolved from a common ancestor，6.which had arrived on the islands a long time before.

It was a 7.completely(complete) new idea—a theory of evolution.Darwin explained this theory in his book，OntheOriginofSpecies.Many people refused to believe that living things,8.including(include) humans，had evolved from lower forms of life.But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing 9.that more and more people started to believe his theory.

Today，the book is regarded as one of the most important works ever 10.written(write)．

Ⅰ.补句子　析结构

1．The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known(know)”．(P66 Para.1)

结构分析：此句为主从复合句，who引导定语从句，在句中作主语；主句的主语是The captain of the ship；the Beagle是the ship的同位语。

汉语翻译：贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。

2．It was a young man who had left medical school without completing(complete) his degree.(P66 Para.1)

结构分析：此句为主从复合句，who引导定语从句，在句中作主语，修饰a young man。

汉语翻译：这个年轻人从医学院肄业。

3．What’s more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”．(P66 Para.1)

结构分析：此句为主从复合句，predicting that…是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰a letter；that引导宾语从句。

汉语翻译：并且在他刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。

4．The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals.(P67 Para.2)

结构分析：此句为简单句；fascinated by rocks，plants and animals是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a geologist and naturalist。

汉语翻译：我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯•达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。

5．After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.(P67 Para.2)

结构分析：此句为主从复合句，After引导时间状语从句；主句中的he had collected是定语从句，省略了作宾语的引导词that/which，其先行词是samples of the plants and animals。

汉语翻译：在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。

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