英语独立主格结构说明及用法详解
英语独立主格结构说明及用法详解

一、独立主格结构的特点
独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点:
(1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
(2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的用法
它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
(1) 作时间状语
The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went home. 工作完成后,我们才回家。
(2) 作条件状语
Weather permitting(=If weather permits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
(3) 作原因状语
An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
(4) 作伴随状语
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) . 他躺在草地上,两手交叉枕在脑后。
(5) 表补充说明
A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold) . 一个猎人走了进来,他的脸冻得通红。
注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
三、独立主格结构的形式
英语中,独立主格结构的形式有两类:一类是:名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起,构成独立主格结构。另一类是:介词with / without后接名词或代词再跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起,构成独立主格结构。
A. 名词或代词 + 形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词
1. 名词 / 代词 + 不定式。如:
A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子,我们必须节省每一分钱。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了,魏方明天到。
2. 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词。如:
The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了,我们应该把一切事情准备好。
Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了,李蕾非常焦急。
3. 名词 / 代词 + 动词的过去分词。如:
His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了,他就用碗来代替。
4. 名词 / 代词 + 形容词。如:
The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥,我们应该小心。
5. 名词 / 代词 + 副词。如:
The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后,我们都出去玩。
6. 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语。如:
Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜,他问他的眼镜哪去了。
B. 介词with / without + 名词或代词 + 形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词
1. with / without + 名词或代词 + 形容词
He spoke to us with his mouth full of food. 她口里含着食物跟我们说话。
2. with / without + 名词或代词 + 副词
He left the office with the lights on. 他离开了办公室,让灯亮着。
3. with / without + 名词或代词 + 介词短语
The engineer came with a notebook in his hand. 那个工程师手里拿着笔记本过来了。
4. with / without + 名词或代词 + -ing分词
Don’t brush your teeth with water running. 不要在刷牙时让水流着。
5. with / without + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式
With so much work to do, the manager felt very worried. 这么多工作要做,经理觉得很焦急。
6. with / without + 名词或代词 + 动词的过去分词
With the road blocked, they had to turn back and ran round it in another way. 由于道路被堵,他们不得不转身从另一条路绕过去。
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