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高中~英语语法~主语从句

高中~英语语法~主语从句
若不是王姐发来微信,
我都忘了今天是我的生日,
呃,已经想不起来了~
主语从句 
定义:一个句子充当主语,这个从句就叫主语从句。
整个结构:从句 + 谓语 + 其他,从句做整个大句子的主语。
一、引导词分类
1. that (无词义,不充当成分,不能省略)
that只起连接作用,从句是完整句子。
- That he will come is certain.
他会来这件事是确定的。
⚠️主语从句放在句首,that绝对不能省!(宾语从句that才可省)
2. whether 是否(有词义,不充当成分,不能用if放句首)
whether可以放句首引导主语从句;if不可以。
- Whether we will go there hasn’t been decided.
我们是否要去那里还没有决定。
3. 连接代词:what / who / whom / whose / which
在从句内部要充当成分(主、宾、定),有实际含义
- What he said is true.
他所说的话是真的。(what在从句作said的宾语,“……的话”)
- Who will go has not been known.
谁将要去还不知道。(who在从句作主语)
4. 连接副词:when / where / why / how
在从句内部作状语(时间、地点、原因、方式)
- When we will start is still a question.
我们什么时候出发依旧是个问题。(when从句里作时间状语)
二、高频句型:it 作形式主语
主语从句太长,放在句头头重脚轻,就用 it 放在句首当形式主语,真正主语从句扔到句子末尾。
✅结构:It + be + 形容词/名词 + 真正主语从句
4类常考模板(写作文直接套用)
1. It is obvious that… 很明显……
It is obvious that he is right. 很明显他是对的。
2. It is known that… 众所周知……
It is known that practice makes perfect. 众所周知熟能生巧。
3. It is a pity that… 遗憾的是……
It is a pity that you missed the lecture. 很遗憾你错过了讲座。
4. It seems that… 似乎……
It seems that it will rain. 似乎要下雨。
对比两种写法,意思完全一样:
That he passed the exam surprised us.
= It surprised us that he passed the exam.(更地道,写作优先用it形式主语)
⚠️易错:it只是摆设,没有实际意思,真正主语是后面that从句
三、核心易错点(选择题坑点)
1. ✖ 错:He will come is true.
✔ 对:That he will come is true.
主语从句放句首,that不能省略!宾语从句才可省that。
2. ✖ 错:If he will attend the meeting is unknown.
✔ 对:Whether he will attend the meeting is unknown.
句首主语从句表“是否”,只用whether,不用if。
3. what vs that区分(最高频考点)
- that:从句句子完整,不缺成分,无含义,只连接
That he won the game makes us happy.(从句he won the game完整)
- what:从句缺少主语/宾语,翻译“……的事/东西”
What he did makes us happy.(did后面缺宾语,what充当宾语)
4. 主谓一致:主语从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数
What we need is more time. 我们需要的是更多时间。(谓语is单数)
四、高考小练习(附带答案)
1. ____ he will arrive is not known yet.
A. What  B. That  C. When
👉答案:C  他什么时候到达还不知道。
2. ____ is important is to learn English well.
A. What  B. That  C. It
👉答案:A 重要的事情是学好英语。(what在从句作主语)
3. It is reported ____ many students take part in the activity.
A. what B. that C. whether
👉答案:B 据报道许多学生参加这个活动。
简单记忆口诀
主语从句作主语,that句首不能弃;
句首是否用whether,if万万不能替;
缺主缺宾用what,完整句子选that;
从句太长别放头,it形式来补救。

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