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2015 年英语二· Text 4 真题精讲
发布时间：2026-10-08 08:56:43 最近访问：2026-10-08 08:56:44
2015 年英语二· Text 4 真题精讲
| 考研英语二 · 阅读真题精讲 | | 2015 Text 4｜就业数据背后的"隐形人"：自愿兼职激增与奥巴马医改 | | 答案速览：36.B 37.C 38.B 39.B 40.A |
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| 标注图例：谓语动词 红色加粗 ｜ 连词 蓝色加粗 ｜ 从句 黄色荧光 ｜ 非谓语（to do / doing / done）不标色。先看图例，再逐段精读。 |
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appearsthe economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are finally moving forward at a faster pace.很多人把劳工部公布的 6 月新增 28.8 万个就业岗位、以及失业率降至 6.1%，说成是好消息。他们说得没错。因为目前看来，经济正在以相当不错的速度创造就业岗位。虽然我们距离恢复充分就业还有很长的路要走，但至少我们现在终于正在以更快的速度向前迈进。| talk of ... as | 把……说成，把……看作 |
| along with | 连同，以及（插入语） |
| the Labor Department | （美国）劳工部 |
| unemployment rate | 失业率 |
| decent a. | 相当好的，像样的 |
| full employment | 充分就业 |
| 长难句拆解 ①｜Para 1 首句（40 题主旨基调句） |
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news.第一层｜主干：Many people talked of A as good news（talk of sth. as...＝把……说成是……）第二层｜省略关系词的定语从句：the 288,000 new jobs (that) the Labor Department reported for June——先行词 jobs 在从句中作 reported 的宾语，关系词 that 被省略第三层｜插入语：along with the drop...（连同失业率降至 6.1%）插在宾语和补语中间，干扰主干识别——跳读它，主干立刻清爽难点词：talked of...as（把……看作）；along with（连同）；decent（相当不错的）——注意"好消息"只是人们的说法，为下文 However 转折蓄力译文：很多人把劳工部公布的 6 月新增 28.8 万个就业岗位、以及失业率降至 6.1%，说成是好消息。| Para 2 | 被忽视的另一半：自愿兼职大增（36 题定位段） |
However, there is another important part of the jobs picture thatwas largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people whoreport voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.然而，就业图景中还有另一个重要方面在很大程度上被忽视了。自称自愿从事兼职工作的人数大幅增加。这一数字现在比一年前的水平高出 83 万（4.4%）。| overlook v. | 忽视，未注意到（36 题＝neglected） |
| a big jump | 大幅增长（36 题＝increase） |
| voluntarily ad. | 自愿地（全文核心词） |
| part-time | 兼职的 / 兼职工作 |
| jobs picture | 就业图景，就业形势（40 题主旨词） |
| Para 3 | 重要区分：很多人做兼职是别无选择（37 题定位段） |
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people whowork part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work becausethis is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it meansthatmany people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.在解释这与奥巴马医改的联系之前，值得先做一个重要的区分。许多从事兼职工作的人实际上想要的是全职工作。他们做兼职，是因为这是他们所能得到的全部。非自愿兼职的增加是劳动力市场疲软的迹象，它意味着许多人将很难维持生计。| make a distinction | 做区分，加以区别 |
| involuntary a. | 非自愿的（voluntary 的反义词，38 题核心词） |
| evidence n. | 迹象，证据 |
| weakness n. | 疲软，弱点（37 题 D 项设坑点） |
| make ends meet | 使收支相抵，维持生计（37 题 B 项设坑点） |
| this is all they can get | 这是他们所能得到的全部（37 题答案句） |
| Para 4 | 非自愿兼职：总体趋势在下降（38 题定位段） |
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.6 月非自愿兼职人数确有增加，但总体方向是一直向下的。非自愿兼职就业人数仍远高于衰退前的水平，但已比一年前的水平下降了 64 万（7.9%）。| general direction | 总体方向，大趋势（38 题＝general tendency） |
| has been down | 一直在下降（38 题＝decline） |
| recession n. | 经济衰退（38 题 D 项设坑点） |
| far higher than | 远高于 |
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment becausepeople tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people ifthey worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. Ifthe answer is "yes", they are classified as working part-time. The survey then askswhetherthey worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time orbecause they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers ifthey tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.我们之所以知道自愿与非自愿兼职的区别，是因为人们会亲口告诉我们。劳工部采用的调查会询问人们：在参考周内的工作时间是否少于 35 小时。如果回答"是"，他们就被归类为兼职工作者。调查接着会问：那一周工作少于 35 小时，是因为自己想少干（不想全职），还是因为别无选择。只有当他们告诉调查员是自己选择每周工作少于 35 小时时，才会被归为"自愿"兼职者。| survey n. | 调查（used by 过去分词后置定语） |
| reference week | 参考周（统计口径术语） |
| classify v. | 把……归类（be classified as 被归类为） |
| have no choice | 别无选择（＝非自愿） |
| survey taker | 调查员 |
| 长难句拆解 ②｜Para 5 末两句（voluntary 的判定标准） |
The survey then askswhether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time orbecause they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.第一层｜whether 引导宾语从句：asks whether they worked less than 35 hours（调查"是否"少于 35 小时——问的是原因归属）第二层｜双 because 并列：because they wanted to（自己想少干）or because they had no choice（别无选择）——voluntary 与 involuntary 的分类标准就在这对 or 两端第三层｜if 条件从句内嵌宾语从句：only...if they tell the survey taker (that) they chose to...——只有"自述是选择"才算自愿，only 强调口径严格难点词：classify...as（把……归类为）；have no choice（别无选择）；then（接着，副词）——这两个句式是问卷题的标准写法，考研阅读统计类文章高频译文：调查接着问：那一周少工作是因为自己不想全职，还是因为别无选择。只有当受访者告诉调查员是自己选择每周工作少于 35 小时时，才会被归为自愿兼职者。| Para 6 | 医改登场：就业之外也能拿保险（39 题铺垫） |
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance wasthrough a job that provided health insurance.自愿兼职问题之所以与奥巴马医改有关，是因为医改的主要目的之一，就是让人们能够在就业之外获得保险。对许多人来说——尤其是那些自己或家人有严重健康问题的人——在医改之前，获得保险的唯一途径就是通过一份提供健康保险的工作。| relate to | 与……相关，涉及 |
| Obamacare n. | 奥巴马医改（美国《平价医疗法案》俗称） |
| insurance n. | 保险（39 题题干原词） |
| health condition | 健康状况（condition 熟词僻义） |
| outside of employment | 在就业之外（39 题＝no longer a precondition 的伏笔） |
| 长难句拆解 ③｜Para 6 首句（39 题铺垫句） |
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.第一层｜主干：The issue relates to Obamacare（自愿兼职问题与医改相关）——本句是全文承上启下的枢纽：前五段讲就业，后两段讲医改第二层｜because 原因状语从句：one of the main purposes was to allow people to...——表语是不定式短语，"目的之一是让人们能在就业之外拿到保险"难点词：relate to（与……相关）；outside of employment（就业之外）——这个短语正是 39 题 B 项"就业不再是前提"的语义源头译文：自愿兼职问题之所以与奥巴马医改有关，是因为医改的主要目的之一，就是让人们能够在就业之外获得保险。| Para 7 | 1200 万人受益：就业与保险正式脱钩（39 题答案句） |
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.然而，奥巴马医改已经让超过 1200 万人得以通过医疗补助计划（Medicaid）或保险交易平台获得保险。这些人此前可能觉得，必须找一份提供保险的全职工作，才能为自己和家人提供保障。而有了奥巴马医改，就业与保险之间就不再有联系了。| Medicaid n. | 医疗补助计划（40 题 C 项设坑点） |
| exchanges n. | （医保）交易平台，交易所（熟词僻义） |
| previously ad. | 此前，以前（may have felt 推测过去） |
| cover v. | 覆盖；为……提供保障（熟词僻义） |
| no longer | 不再（39 题答案信号词） |
| a link between A and B | A 与 B 之间的联系 |
| 长难句拆解 ④｜Para 7 末两句（39 题答案句） |
These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.第一层｜who 定语从句：people who may previously have felt the need...——may have felt 是"情态动词＋完成时"，表示对过去的推测（此前可能觉得）第二层｜that 定语从句嵌套：a full-time job that provided insurance（一份"提供保险"的全职工作）——这就是医改之前人们"必须上班"的原因第三层｜收束句：there is no longer a link between A and B（A 与 B 不再挂钩）——39 题正确答案的原文出处，no longer 是答案信号词难点词：previously（此前）；cover（保障，为……投保）；link（联系）——"脱钩"说人话就是：想拿保险，不必先找工作译文：这些人此前可能觉得，必须找一份提供保险的全职工作，才能为自己和家人提供保障。而有了奥巴马医改，就业与保险之间就不再有联系了。| 四步做题法：STEP 1 找定位词 → STEP 2 找定位句 → STEP 3 精读定位句 → STEP 4 匹配合适选项。每道题都走完整流程，方法才能内化成考场本能。建议：先掐时间自己做一遍，再看解析。 |
| 36 | Which part of the jobs picture was neglected? |
[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.题干核心：neglected（被忽视的）+ which part（哪一部分）——"忽视"是抽象表达，回原文找它的同义词：overlook。However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.译：然而，就业图景中还有另一个重要方面在很大程度上被忽视了——自称自愿兼职的人数大幅增加。overlooked＝题干 neglected（同义替换教科书案例）；但被忽视的"部分"是什么？答案不在首句，而在紧随其后的第二句：a big jump in...voluntarily working part-time——"自愿兼职人数大增"。定位句要连读两句才完整。正确答案：B｜The increase of voluntary part-time jobs（自愿兼职的增加）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 无中生有：原文没说就业市场"繁荣前景"被忽视；thriving 更与"in another important part was overlooked"矛盾。 |
| B | √ 正确 | voluntarily working part-time＝voluntary part-time jobs，a big jump＝increase，双替换精准。 |
| C | × 排除 | 张冠李戴：full employment 出现在 Para 1，是"还没实现"的目标，不是"被忽视的部分"。 |
| D | × 排除 | 张冠李戴：creating jobs at a decent pace 是 Para 1 人人都谈论的"好消息"，恰恰没被忽视。 |
| 37 | Many people work part-time because they _______. |
[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs[D] haven't seen the weakness of the market题干核心：work part-time because（做兼职的原因）——原因细节题，回 Para 3 找"because / 这是他们唯一能得到的"。Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get.译：许多做兼职的人其实想要全职工作。他们做兼职，是因为这是他们所能得到的全部。this is all they can get＝"只能拿到这些"——兼职是退而求其次的结果，不是偏好。逻辑链：想要全职 → 全职拿不到 → 只好做兼职。正确答案：C｜cannot get their hands on full-time jobs（拿不到全职工作）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 反向干扰：actually want full-time jobs，恰恰"更想要全职"。 |
| B | × 排除 | 反向干扰：make ends meet 出现在下文——非自愿兼职者"很难维持生计"，兼职恰恰不够用。 |
| C | √ 正确 | this is all they can get＝拿不到更好的（全职），get their hands on＝get，同义替换。 |
| D | × 排除 | 偷换主语：weakness in the labor market 是原文的客观陈述，不是兼职者"没看到"市场疲软。 |
| 38 | Involuntary part-time employment in the US _______. |
[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago[B] shows a general tendency of decline[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless[D] is lower than before the recession题干核心：Involuntary part-time employment（非自愿兼职就业）——专有概念自带定位功能，全文只在 Para 3 提出概念、Para 4 给数据。There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.译：6 月非自愿兼职确有增加，但总体方向一直在下降。它仍远高于衰退前水平，但已比一年前下降 64 万（7.9%）。第一句是"让步＋转折"结构：June 单月上涨不重要，but 后面的 the general direction has been down 才是作者态度。第二句两个数据对比方向要拎清：比"衰退前"高（仍没恢复），比"一年前"低（正在好转）。正确答案：B｜shows a general tendency of decline（呈总体下降趋势）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 偷换概念：原文说的是人数 down（变少），不是这种工作"更难获得"（harder to acquire）。 |
| B | √ 正确 | the general direction has been down＝shows a general tendency of decline，原词 general＋同义替换 down＝decline。 |
| C | × 排除 | 反向干扰：非自愿兼职是"别无选择"的结果，是市场疲软的证据，谈不上"满足真实需求"。 |
| D | × 排除 | 反向干扰：still far higher than before the recession——比衰退前"高得多"，不是"更低"。 |
| 39 | It can be learned that with Obamacare, _______. |
[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance题干核心：with Obamacare（有了医改之后）——问"医改带来的变化"，重点看 Para 7 的结论句，尤其 no longer 这类信号词。With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.译：有了奥巴马医改，就业与保险之间就不再有联系了。no longer a link between A and B＝A 和 B 不再挂钩——翻译成人话：想拿保险，不必先有一份工作。就业（employment）从"拿保险的前提"变成了"非必要条件"。正确答案：B｜employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance（就业不再是获得保险的前提）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 反向干扰：医改让 1200 万人拿到了保险，是"更容易"不是"不再容易"。 |
| B | √ 正确 | no longer a link between employment and insurance＝就业不再是拿保险的前提（precondition），同义改写。 |
| C | × 排除 | 反向干扰：12 million people...cover themselves and their families——自己和家人都能被保障，"仍有挑战"无从谈起。 |
| D | × 排除 | 反向干扰：那是"医改之前"（before Obamacare）的老黄历；D 项用 still 偷偷开倒车。 |
| 40 | The text mainly discusses _______. |
[A] employment in the U.S.[B] part-timer classification[C] insurance through Medicaid主旨题没有定位词——定位对象是全文。方法：逐段提炼中心，再看哪个选项能"罩住"所有段落；只覆盖一两段的选项都是细节。P1 就业好消息 → P2 another important part of the jobs picture（被忽视的自愿兼职大增）→ P3-5 兼职的自愿/非自愿之分 → P6-7 这一现象与 Obamacare 的关系。译：全文七段，段段都在"就业图景"这个大框里说话——jobs picture 是全文纲领词。抓两层结构：明线——美国就业数据的另一半（自愿兼职激增）；暗线——这半幅图景与医改脱钩政策的关联。两条线共同的大话题只有"美国就业"：医改、兼职都是它下面的子话题。正确答案：A｜employment in the U.S.（美国的就业）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | √ 正确 | 七段全部围绕美国就业形势展开，voluntary/involuntary、医改都是 jobs picture 的组成部分——唯一能罩住全文的选项。 |
| B | × 排除 | 以偏概全：兼职分类只是 Para 3/5 的内容，罩不住 Para 1 的就业大盘和 Para 6/7 的医改线。 |
| C | × 排除 | 以偏概全：Medicaid 只是 Para 7 里的一个渠道名词，一笔带过。 |
| D | × 排除 | 无中生有：全文对医改是正面陈述（让 1200 万人受益），没写"麻烦"。 |
| 题号 | 答案 | 定位段 | 核心线索 |
| 36 | B | Para 2 | overlooked（＝neglected）→ a big jump in voluntarily working part-time |
| 37 | C | Para 3 | this is all they can get（＝拿不到全职） |
| 38 | B | Para 4 | but 后重心：the general direction has been down |
| 39 | B | Para 7 | no longer a link between employment and insurance |
| 40 | A | 全文 | jobs picture 纲领词：兼职与医改都是就业图景的一部分 |
| 潘老师划重点：本篇是"数据对比＋一对反义概念"的社科统计篇——voluntary（自愿）与 involuntary（非自愿）一字之差方向相反，做题前先在草稿上把两个词拆开。36 题 neglected＝overlooked 是同义替换教科书案例：被忽视的不是好消息，而是"自愿兼职大增"这半幅图景。38 题盯住 but：June 单月上涨是让步，the general direction has been down 才是作者要说的。39 题末句 no longer a link＝"就业不再是拿保险的前提"，no longer 一出现就是答案信号。40 题主旨题用"全文话题法"：所有段落在讲美国就业，B/C/D 全是一小块细节或无中生有。替换对子背下来：overlook＝neglect、down＝decline、no longer a link＝no longer a precondition。 |
| 词汇和长难句建议回顾 2 遍 ｜ 逐题精讲配合「定位词→定位句→精读→匹配」四步走 |
| 觉得有用，点个「在看」，转发给一起考研的 TA ｜ 下一期真题精讲见 |