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2015 年英语二· Text 2 真题精讲
发布时间：2026-10-08 08:55:34 最近访问：2026-10-08 08:55:34
2015 年英语二· Text 2 真题精讲
| 考研英语二 · 阅读真题精讲 | | 2015 Text 2｜第一代大学生的"悖论" | | 答案速览：26.C 27.A 28.C 29.D 30.D |
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| 标注图例：谓语动词 红色加粗 ｜ 连词 蓝色加粗 ｜ 从句 黄色荧光 ｜ 非谓语（to do / doing / done）不标色。先看图例，再逐段精读。 |
For years, studies have foundthatfirst-generation college students — those whodo not have a parent with a college degree — lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. Butsince such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, meansthat higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.多年来，多项研究发现：第一代大学生——父母中没有一人拥有大学本科学历的学生——在一系列学业成就指标上落后于其他学生：成绩更低，辍学率更高。但由于这类学生一旦在高等教育中获得成功，便最有可能在经济上取得进步，各高校数十年来一直在努力招收更多这类学生。而据一篇即将发表于《心理科学》期刊的论文那令人沮丧的开篇所言，这就造成了"一个悖论"：招收第一代大学生，随后却眼看他们中的许多人失败，意味着高等教育"一直在再生产并扩大——而非缩小——基于社会阶层的成就差距"。| first-generation college students | 第一代大学生（父母均无大学学历） |
| lag v. | 落后，滞后（lag behind） |
| dropout rate | 辍学率 |
| advance economically | 在经济上取得进步 |
| paradox n. | 悖论，自相矛盾的事 |
| forthcoming a. | 即将出版的，即将到来的 |
| reproduce v. | 再生产；复制，重现 |
| 长难句拆解 ①｜Para 1 末句（26 题定位句） |
This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting..., but then watching..., meansthat higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap, according to...第一层｜主句：This has created "a paradox"（这就造成了"一个悖论"）第二层｜in that 引导原因状语从句（= because）：从句的主语是两个动名词短语 recruiting... 与 watching...，谓语是 means——"招收他们、随后眼看许多人失败"这件事本身意味着……第三层｜means 后的宾语从句：higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap（高等教育一直在再生产并扩大，而非缩小成就差距）收尾｜according to 介词短语：交代信息来源——即将刊于《心理科学》的论文开篇难点词：in that（因为）；watch sb. do sth.（fail 是省略 to 的宾补，不是谓语）；based on social class（过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 gap）译文：这就造成了"一个悖论"：招收第一代大学生，随后却眼看他们中的许多人失败，意味着高等教育"一直在再生产并扩大，而非缩小"基于社会阶层的成就差距。But the article actually is quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (whichinvolves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.但这篇文章实际上相当乐观，因为它概述了这一问题的一种潜在解决方案，并指出：一种方法（涉及一个耗时一小时、几乎零成本的项目）能够弥合第一代学生与其他学生之间 63% 的成就差距（以成绩等因素衡量）。| optimistic a. | 乐观的（反义：pessimistic） |
| outline v. | 概述，勾勒 |
| potential a. | 潜在的，可能的 |
| approach n. | 方法，途径 |
| next-to-no-cost | 几乎零成本的 |
| close the gap | 弥合差距（close 是熟词僻义） |
第一层｜主句：the article is actually quite optimistic（这篇文章其实相当乐观）第二层｜as 引导原因状语从句：it outlines a potential solution to this problem（它概述了一种潜在解决方案）第三层｜suggesting 分词补充说明 + that 宾语从句：an approach can close 63 percent of the achievement gap（该方法能弥合 63% 的差距）插入｜which 定语从句：which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program（修饰 approach）；括号内 measured by... 为过去分词作后置定语难点词：next-to-no-cost（几乎零成本，≠ 完全免费，27 题 B 项在此设坑）；close（弥合）；as（因为，表原因）译文：但这篇文章实际上相当乐观，因为它概述了这一问题的一种潜在解决方案——该方法能弥合两群体间 63% 的成就差距。The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (whocompleted the project) at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.论文作者来自不同的大学，其研究发现基于一项研究：该研究在某所不愿具名的私立大学开展，涉及 147 名（完成了整个项目的）学生。"第一代"被定义为：父母中没有一人拥有四年制大学本科学历。大多数第一代学生（59.1%）是佩尔助学金的获得者——这是一项面向有经济需求的本科生的联邦助学金；而在至少有一位家长拥有四年制本科学历的学生中，这一比例仅为 8.6%。| findings n. | 研究结果，发现 |
| unnamed a. | 不愿透露名称的（28 题 A 项在此设坑） |
| define ... as ... | 把……定义为…… |
| recipient n. | 接受者，获得者 |
| Pell Grant | 佩尔助学金（美国联邦助学金） |
| financial need | 经济困难，经济需求（28 题答案线索） |
Their thesis — that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact — was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues thatface most college students.They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap thatmust be narrowed to close the achievement gap.论文的核心论点——一项相对适度的干预就能产生巨大影响——基于这样一种观点：第一代学生最欠缺的可能不是潜力，而是"如何应对大多数大学生都会面临的问题"方面的实用知识。他们引用多位学者的既往研究来表明：这正是必须缩小的差距，唯有缩小它，才能弥合成就差距。| thesis n. | 论点，论题；毕业论文 |
| modest a. | 适度的，不大的（熟词僻义） |
| intervention n. | 干预，介入 |
| not ... but ... | 不是……而是……（29 题关键结构） |
| practical knowledge | 实用知识 |
| cite v. | 引用，引证 |
| narrow v. | 缩小（差距） |
| 长难句拆解 ③｜Para 4 首句（29 题定位句） |
第一层｜主干：Their thesis was based on the view（论文的论点基于这样一种观点）第二层｜thesis 的同位语从句（破折号之间）：that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact（一项相对适度的干预就能产生巨大影响）第三层｜view 的同位语从句：that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge（第一代学生最欠缺的不是潜力，而是实用知识）第四层｜issues 的定语从句：that face most college students（大多数大学生都会面临的问题）；how to deal with... 为"疑问词 + 不定式"结构，不是从句难点词：not ... but ...（不是……而是……，答案就藏在 but 之后）；lacking in（在……方面欠缺）；modest（适度的）译文：论文的核心论点——一项相对适度的干预就能产生巨大影响——基于这样一种观点：第一代学生最欠缺的不是潜力，而是应对大多数大学生都会面临的问题的实用知识。Many first-generation students "struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the 'rules of the game,' andtake advantage of college resources," they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students."Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledgehow social class can affect students' educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are strugglinganddo not understandhow students 'like them' can improve."他们写道，许多第一代学生"努力去适应高等教育的中产阶级文化、学习'游戏规则'、并利用大学资源"。而当大学不去谈论不同学生群体的阶层优势与劣势时，这一问题会变得愈发严重。"由于美国高校很少承认社会阶层会如何影响学生的教育经历，许多第一代学生既不清楚自己为何挣扎，也不明白'像他们一样'的学生该如何进步。"| navigate v. | 成功应付，摸索（熟词僻义，原义"导航"） |
| the rules of the game | "游戏规则"（潜规则） |
| take advantage of | 利用 |
| acknowledge v. | 承认（30 题答案线索） |
| insight n. | 洞察，深刻理解 |
| social class | 社会阶层 |
| 长难句拆解 ④｜Para 5 末句（30 题定位句） |
第一层｜Because 引导原因状语从句：US colleges seldom acknowledge + how 宾语从句（how social class can affect students' educational experiences）第二层｜主句（两个谓语并列）：many first-generation students lack insight ... and do not understand ...（既缺乏……也不明白……）第三层｜两个嵌套从句：about why they are struggling（介词 about 的宾语从句）；how students 'like them' can improve（understand 的宾语从句）难点词：acknowledge（承认）；insight about（对……的认识）；seldom acknowledge（很少承认 → 高校的回避态度，30 题答案的逻辑起点）译文：由于美国高校很少承认社会阶层会如何影响学生的教育经历，许多第一代学生既不清楚自己为何挣扎，也不明白"像他们一样"的学生该如何进步。| 四步做题法：STEP 1 找定位词 → STEP 2 找定位句 → STEP 3 精读定位句 → STEP 4 匹配合适选项。每道题都走完整流程，方法才能内化成考场本能。建议：先掐时间自己做一遍，再看解析。 |
| 26 | Recruiting more first-generation students has ______. |
[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students题干核心：Recruiting more first-generation students（招收更多第一代大学生）——这是 Para 1 的原词复现，直接回第一段。colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap based on social class.译：高校数十年来一直努力招收更多这类学生。这就造成了"一个悖论"：招收第一代学生、随后却眼看许多人失败，意味着高等教育"一直在再生产并扩大，而非缩小"基于社会阶层的成就差距。逻辑链拆开看：招收的初衷是帮助第一代学生成功、改善经济状况（Para 1 前文）；但招收后的结果是许多人失败、阶层差距不缩反扩（widen rather than close）。理想与结果脱节——文中把这称为"悖论（paradox）"，即：事情没有实现原本的目的。正确答案：C｜missed its original purpose（偏离了原本的目的）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 反向干扰：原文说他们的 dropout rates are higher，招收并没有降低辍学率。 |
| B | × 排除 | 反向干扰：差距是 widen rather than close（扩大而非缩小）。 |
| C | √ 正确 | "a paradox" 的实质：招收了、却眼睁睁看他们失败、差距扩大 → 没有达成初衷（original purpose）。正确项是对 paradox 的同义概括。 |
| D | × 排除 | 偷换对象：depressing 修饰的是论文开篇令人沮丧，不是"使学生沮丧"；文中也无此意。 |
| 27 | The authors of the research article are optimistic because ______. |
[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their findings appeal to students题干核心：optimistic（乐观的）——原词定位，且题干问 because（原因），答案就在 optimistic 出现的因果结构里。But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap...译：但这篇文章实际上相当乐观，因为它概述了这一问题的一种潜在解决方案——该方法能弥合 63% 的成就差距。原因由 as（因为）引出：文章概述了一种潜在的解决方案，且该方法确实有效（能弥合 63% 的差距）。"有方案 + 方案有效" = 问题是可以解决的。正确答案：A｜the problem is solvable（这个问题是可以解决的）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | √ 正确 | a potential solution（有办法）+ can close 63%（有效果）→ 概括为"问题可解决"。 |
| B | × 排除 | 程度偷换：原文是 next-to-no-cost（几乎零成本），不是 costless（完全免费）；且"便宜"只是方法的属性，不是乐观的原因。 |
| C | × 排除 | 无中生有：招收更多第一代学生是背景事实，与"作者乐观"无因果关系。 |
| D | × 排除 | 无中生有："研究发现吸引学生"文中未提及。 |
| 28 | The study suggests that most first-generation students ______. |
[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their college题干核心：The study（这项研究）+ most first-generation students（大多数第一代学生）——研究细节集中 in Para 3，most 对应原文的 59.1 percent。Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need...译：大多数第一代学生（59.1%）是佩尔助学金的获得者——这是一项面向有经济需求的本科生的联邦助学金。most = 59.1%；佩尔助学金的同位语点明其性质——发给"有经济需求（financial need）的本科生"。大多数第一代学生都在领这笔资助 → 说明他们需要经济支持。同位语是本句的答案钥匙，不能只读主句。正确答案：C｜are in need of financial support（需要经济支持）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 偷换范围：研究是在某所 unnamed private university 进行的，不等于"大多数第一代学生都在私立大学读书"。 |
| B | × 排除 | 无中生有：全文只比较"父母有无本科学历"，从未提"单亲家庭"。 |
| C | √ 正确 | with financial need（有经济需求）→ are in need of financial support（需要经济支持），同义改写一步到位。 |
| D | × 排除 | 无中生有 + 时态错位："许多人失败"是 Para 1 里高校担忧的现象，不是本研究的结论，更不是已完成的事实。 |
| 29 | The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students ______. |
[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college题干核心：The authors of the paper believe（论文作者认为）——观点态度题，作者观点集中在 Para 4（Their thesis ... was based on the view ...）。first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.译：第一代学生最欠缺的可能不是潜力，而是"如何应对大多数大学生都会面临的问题"方面的实用知识。not ... but ... 结构，重心永远在 but 之后：缺的不是潜力，而是处理大学常见问题的实用知识。"缺实用知识" = "处理大学问题时缺乏经验、不会应对"。正确答案：D｜are inexperienced in handling their issues at college（在处理大学问题上缺乏经验）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 无中生有：indifferent（漠不关心）在文中毫无依据；他们不是不在乎，而是不知道怎么办。 |
| B | × 排除 | 曲解词义：原文 potential 指"潜力"（not in potential），不是"对其他学生的潜在影响"。 |
| C | × 排除 | 无中生有："申请科研项目的机会"纯属编造，文中未提科研项目。 |
| D | √ 正确 | lacking practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues → are inexperienced in handling their issues，同义替换精准。 |
| 30 | We may infer from the last paragraph that ______. |
[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question推断题，题干只给 the last paragraph（末段）——没有具体定位词时，老老实实通读末段，重点抓动作的主语和因果关系。And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages... Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight...译：当大学不谈论不同学生群体的阶层优劣时，问题会更严重。由于美国高校很少承认社会阶层对学生教育经历的影响，许多第一代学生既不清楚自己为何挣扎，也不明白该如何进步。两个关键动作的主语都是高校：① don't talk about（不谈阶层差异）→ 问题加重；② seldom acknowledge（很少承认阶层影响）→ 学生缺乏自我认知。换句话说：高校的回避是问题存在与加重的部分原因，高校对这一问题负有一定责任。正确答案：D｜colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question（高校对所述问题负有部分责任）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 主宾倒置：难以适应中产阶级文化的是学生（struggle to navigate），不是大学"拒斥"中产文化。 |
| B | × 排除 | 因果颠倒：学生缺乏认知恰恰是因为学校不说，责任不在学生，不能倒打一耙。 |
| C | × 排除 | 曲解词义：原文讲阶层如何affect（影响）教育经历（多指负面影响），不是"极大地丰富（enrich）"经历。 |
| D | √ 正确 | 由"高校不谈、很少承认"两个事实推出的合理结论：高校对问题负部分责任。partly 体现推断的分寸感，符合考研正确项特征。 |
| 题号 | 答案 | 定位段 | 核心线索 |
| 26 | C | Para 1 | "a paradox"；widen rather than close |
| 27 | A | Para 2 | as it outlines a potential solution |
| 28 | C | Para 3 | Pell Grants；with financial need |
| 29 | D | Para 4 | not in potential but in practical knowledge |
| 30 | D | Para 5 | colleges don't talk；seldom acknowledge |
| 潘老师划重点：本篇 5 道题里，26/27/29/30 全部命中原长难句——把第一部分的 4 个拆解卡吃透，等于提前拿到了答案地图。错题的同学回去重走一遍 STEP 1-4，重点体会：26 题"悖论=目的落空"、27 题"as=因为"、29 题"but 之后是重心"、30 题"推断题抓主语"。 |
| 词汇和长难句建议回顾 2 遍 ｜ 逐题精讲配合「定位词→定位句→精读→匹配」四步走 |
| 觉得有用，点个「在看」，转发给一起考研的 TA ｜ 下一期真题精讲见 |