【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社|选修二|Unit 6: Survival|语法&口语和写作

学习重点

Ø词汇学习 【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社｜选修二｜Unit 6: Survival｜词汇学习

Ø语法：Adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter

Ø口语&写作：Write a survival story & Give a presentation about change and survival

语法： Adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter

让步状语从句：疑问词+-ever = no matter +疑问词，含义：无论……；不管……

✅ 引导让步状语从句时两者可以互换

⚠️ 重要考点：no matter +疑问词只能引导状语从句；疑问词+-ever（whatever/whoever…）既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导主语从句、宾语从句等名词性从句，这时不能用no matter替换

👉 引导词对照表

Wherever/ no matter where/无论哪里

Whenever/ no matter when/无论何时

However/ no matter how/无论怎样；无论多么（⚠️后面必须紧跟形容词/副词） 

Whatever/ no matter what/无论什么

Whoever/ no matter who/无论谁

Whichever/ no matter which/无论哪一个

✅ 课本原句精讲

1.Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way.

= No matter where they go, animals find towns and cities in their way.

译文：无论动物去往何处，一路上都会遇到城镇。

2.No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.

= However many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.

译文：无论他犯下多少罪行，警方都无力逮捕他。

✅ however 特殊结构：however + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语

However difficult the task is, we will finish it on time.

= No matter how difficult the task is, we will finish it on time.

无论这项任务多么艰难，我们都会按时完成。

📖 句子改写

要求：用 -ever / no matter  改写句子

1.Regardless of your past experience, please read these survival tips carefully.

✅ Whatever your past experience is, please read these survival tips carefully.

= No matter what your past experience is, please read these survival tips carefully.

2.if a wildfire breaks out at any time, leave the area quickly but calmly.

✅ Whenever a wildfire breaks out, leave the area quickly but calmly.

= No matter when a wildfire breaks out, leave the area quickly but calmly.

3.Whether there are few or many people in your group, don’t split up.

✅ However many people there are in your group, don’t split up.

= No matter how many people there are in your group, don’t split up.

4.Everywhere you go in the wild, take a first aid kit with you.

✅ Wherever you go in the wild, take a first aid kit with you.

= No matter where you go in the wild, take a first aid kit with you.

✍️ 讲述生存故事

要求：使用 -ever / no matter  让步状语从句

Sample（参考范文，讲Nicholas野外求生）

Wherever Nicholas went in the snowy mountain, he tried to find safe shelter.

No matter how cold it was, he kept moving to avoid freezing.

Whenever he felt tired, he told himself not to give up.

Whatever difficulties he met, he kept calm and finally was saved.

✅ 谈论鲁滨逊求生品质

Robinson Crusoe survived on the island mainly because of his good qualities. No matter what danger he faced, he kept calm. However hard life was, he stayed optimistic and worked hard to build shelter, make tools and grow food. Wherever he went, he kept a careful eye on possible danger. His calmness, wisdom, patience and optimism helped him live through all the difficulties.

📝 语法专项自测题（-ever & no matter）

一、用 however / wherever / whatever / whenever / whoever 填空

1.____________ great difficulties we meet, we should never lose heart.

2.____________ you go, remember to keep in touch with your family.

3.____________ busy you are, you should spare time for exercise.

4.You can ask for help, ____________ you meet in the school.

5.____________ you come, you are welcome to join our activity.

二、同义句转换（-ever ↔ no matter）

1.Whatever decision you make, I will support you.

= ________________________________________________________

2.No matter how hard he tried, he could not change her mind.

= ________________________________________________________

三、单句改错

1.No matter who breaks the rule will be punished. （提示：主语从句不能用no matter who）

✅ 自测题参考答案

一

1.Whatever

2.Wherever

3.However

4.whoever

5.Whenever

二

1.No matter what decision you make, I will support you.

2.However hard he tried, he could not change her mind.

三

1.Whoever breaks the rule will be punished.（whoever引导主语从句，no matter who不能引导名词性从句）

📌 本单元语法一句话总结

✅ 状语从句随便互换：whatever = no matter what；whoever = no matter who

❌ 名词性从句（主语/宾语从句）只能用-ever，不能用no matter！

口语&写作：Write a survival story & Give a presentation about change and survival

✍️ Writing a survival story 写求生故事

🔹范文精读（火星求生宇航员）

It’s been a week since the other astronauts left Mars and went back to Earth, accidentally leaving me here alone. I was caught in a dust storm and lost contact with them.

After resuming communication with the base five days later, I was informed that it will be eight months before a rescue mission arrives from Earth. Fortunately, I have shelter, because the landing capsule protects me from the deadly radiation outside. The capsule is powered by a small nuclear plant. It might have just enough electricity for eight months, if nothing goes wrong. What’s more, my spacesuit keeps me safe from exposure to the Martian surface for up to several hours at a time. Water and oxygen were my biggest worries at first, but I’ve discovered an underground ice deposit nearby. I can reach the ice with our survey tools. That’s lucky, because I can drink the water from the ice and also use it to produce oxygen when I run low.

Now I am worried about food. There is only enough for one person for four months – four months short of what I need.

Part of our mission was to experiment with growing plants in the Martian soil, so I have seeds of various kinds. I must work out how to farm on Mars. If I can solve that challenge, and if the electricity supply holds, I can survive until I am rescued. There’s still hope!

✅思考题答案

1.Where is the person in the story?

He is on Mars.

2.What difficulties is he facing?

① He was left alone on Mars. A rescue team will not arrive for 8 months.

② Food is only enough for four months.

③ Dangerous radiation on Mars surface.

3.What has he already done to stay alive?

He found an underground ice deposit for water and oxygen. His landing capsule provides shelter and electricity. He has plant seeds from the mission.

4.What will he do next?

He will try to grow plants in Martian soil to get more food.

📖高频写作词汇&短语

- rescue mission 救援任务

- landing capsule 着陆舱

- deadly radiation 致命辐射

- be powered by 由……提供动力

- if nothing goes wrong 如果一切顺利

- exposure to 暴露于

- underground ice deposit 地下冰层

- run low 短缺，快要耗尽

- work out 想出；设法解决

- solve that challenge 攻克难题

- keep / hold hope 心存希望

✅写作框架（构思求生故事）

四个构思问题

1.Where is the dangerous place? → 示例：the tropical jungle 热带丛林

2.What are the dangers? → wild animals, heavy rain, no clean drinking water

3.How do you manage to survive? → collect rainwater, build a shelter, make a fire to keep wild animals away

4.How do you feel? → anxious at first, but optimistic

📝参考范文（丛林求生）

Alone in the Jungle

It has been three days since our plane crashed in the tropical jungle, leaving me all alone. I was separated from other survivors after a heavy rain.

When I finally got in touch with the rescue team, I was told that it would take them at least two weeks to reach my position. Fortunately, I managed to build a simple shelter with tree branches and huge leaves to stay away from the pouring rain. What’s more, I learned to collect rainwater in hollow plant stems so I would not run out of drinking water. At first, wild animals were my biggest worry, but I made a fire every night to keep them off.

Now food has become my main problem. The berries I found are not enough to last two weeks. Luckily, I have a simple fishing hook in my small survival bag. I plan to catch fish from the nearby river. Whatever difficulties I meet, I will keep trying. If I can get enough food, I will hold on until the rescue arrives. There is still hope.

✍️写作高分句型（求生故事专用）

1.It has been … since … 自从……已经过去……

2.I was informed that … 我被告知……

3.Fortunately / Luckily, … 幸运的是……

4.What’s more, … 此外……

5.…run low / run out … 某物即将耗尽

6.Whatever difficulties I face, I will … 无论我面对什么困难，我都会……

🗣️绿蜥蜴的进化适应

🔹原文精读

The green lizards that lived in the lower branches and trunks of Florida’s trees found themselves in trouble when a tougher species, the brown lizards, was introduced from Cuba. Without enough food to go around, and under pressure from the new arrivals, the green lizards moved higher up the trees, where it is harder to keep a grip on the smoother branches. The green lizards adapted quickly over a relatively short time of 15 years, and now they have bigger pads on their toes and stickier scales to help them stay high in the trees – and well away from their troublesome neighbours!

✅思考题

1.What happened to the green lizards? What did they do to cope with it?

Brown lizards were introduced and competed with them for food. Green lizards moved to higher places on trees. After 15 years of adaptation, they developed larger toe pads and stickier scales to hold onto smooth branches.

2.What is the main message of the passage?

Survival belongs to those who are able to adapt to new pressure and changing environment.

📌演讲框架

- Evidence in nature（自然界证据）

① Green lizards evolved larger toe pads to live higher in trees

② Giraffes developed long necks to eat leaves on tall trees

- Evidence in society（人类社会的证据）

① Human beings learn new skills to fit changing jobs

② People adjust their ways of living to suit new technology

- What the message means to you

We cannot always change our environment. When facing pressure, we should adjust ourselves instead of waiting for things to change.

- Situations that you could apply this message to

Difficulties in study, competition with classmates, new school environment.

🎤简短演讲稿范文

Adapt to Survive

Good morning everyone. Today my topic is Adapt to Survive.

The story of green lizards tells us a powerful truth: only those who adapt can survive. When brown lizards came and competed for food, green lizards did not give up. They moved higher into trees. After 15 years, they evolved bigger toe pads to grip smooth branches.

We can find many similar examples in nature. Giraffes’ long necks are also the result of adaptation.

This rule also applies to us humans. Whenever we meet new challenges, we should try to adjust ourselves rather than complain. No matter what pressure we face, the ability to adapt helps us move forward.

Thank you.

📖重点单词&短语

- adapt v. 适应；改编

- adaptation n. 适应性改变

- keep a grip on 抓住；牢牢握住

- relatively adv. 相对地

- evolve v. 进化

- troublesome adj. 麻烦的

- compete for food 争夺食物

📚自测练习

一、短语翻译

1.rescue mission ____________

2.run low ____________

3.adapt to the environment ____________

4.keep a grip on ____________

二、句子翻译（用上-ever / no matter）

1.无论我遇到什么困难，我都不会放弃求生的希望。

2.无论环境多么艰难，生物都会想办法适应。

✅自测参考答案

一

1.救援任务

2.短缺，快要耗尽

3.适应环境

4.牢牢抓住

二

1.Whatever difficulties I meet, I will never give up the hope of survival.

2.No matter how hard the environment is, living things will find ways to adapt.