初中英语语法 | 被动语态,一篇搞定!

同学们好！今天我们来聊聊初中英语的另一个重难点——被动语态。

很多同学分不清什么时候用主动、什么时候用被动，各种时态一变就懵……别慌！今天帮你一次性理清楚！💪

一、什么是被动语态？

主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。

· Tom cleans the room.（汤姆打扫房间 → 汤姆是执行者）

被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。

· The room is cleaned by Tom.（房间被汤姆打扫 → 房间是承受者）

📌 什么时候用被动？

· 不知道动作是谁做的：The window was broken.

· 不需要说出动作是谁做的：English is spoken in many countries.

· 强调动作的承受者：This book was written by Lu Xun.

二、被动语态的基本结构

核心公式：be + 过去分词（done）

各种时态的变化，其实只是 be 动词在变！

时态 结构 例句

一般现在时 am/is/are + done The letter is written in English.

一般过去时 was/were + done The bridge was built in 1990.

一般将来时 will be + done The work will be finished tomorrow.

现在完成时 have/has been + done The task has been done.

情态动词 情态动词 + be + done It can be seen from here.

⚠️ 重点：不管什么时态，过去分词（done）永远不变，变的只是前面的 be 动词！

三、主动变被动的三步法

口诀：宾变主，主变宾，动词变成 be + done！

以 Tom cleans the room. 为例：

1. 宾语变主语：the room → 放到句首

2. 主语变宾语：Tom → 放到 by 后面

3. 动词变被动：cleans → is cleaned

✅ The room is cleaned by Tom.

📌 注意：

· 代词要变宾格：I → me, she → her

· by 短语可以省略（如果不需要强调执行者）

四、常见易错点

❌ 错误：The window was broke by him.

✅ 正确：The window was broken by him.（用过去分词，不是过去式！）

❌ 错误：English is speak in many countries.

✅ 正确：English is spoken in many countries.

❌ 错误：The homework can finish today.

✅ 正确：The homework can be finished today.（情态动词后别忘 be！）

❌ 错误：The book was written in 2020 by him.（语序别扭）

✅ 正确：The book was written by him in 2020.

五、特殊用法（中考常考！）

1. 双宾语变被动（give, send, show, tell...）

· He gave me a book.

· → I was given a book.（人作主语，更常见）

· → A book was given to me.（物作主语，加 to）

2. 不带 to 的动词变被动要还原 to（make, let, hear, see...）

· I saw him enter the room.

· → He was seen to enter the room.（加回 to！）

3. 不及物动词没有被动语态（happen, appear, rise...）

· ❌ The accident was happened.

· ✅ The accident happened.

六、实战练习

将下列句子变为被动语态：

1. People grow rice in the south.

2. They built this school in 2005.

3. We must finish the work today.

4. Someone has taken away my dictionary.

5. The teacher made him clean the blackboard.

答案：

1. Rice is grown in the south.

2. This school was built in 2005.

3. The work must be finished today.

4. My dictionary has been taken away.

5. He was made to clean the blackboard.（别忘 to！）

总结口诀 🎯

被动语态 be + done，时态变化 be 来变；

宾变主来主变宾，by 短语后可省略；

情态动词加 be done，感官使役 to 还原！

被动语态是中考的必考语法，多做转换练习，考试绝对不丢分！

如果觉得有用，点个「在看」分享给更多同学吧！