小升初常考知识点
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1、动词be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。
2.this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)
That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如:
This is apen.That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…,不说That is…。如:
This is Helen.Helen,this is Tom.这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。
(5)This is不能缩写,而That is可以缩写。如:
This is a bike.That’s a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:
-Hello!Is that Miss Green?喂,是格林小姐吗?
Yes,this is.Who’s that?是的,我是,你是谁?
注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…,Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:
①-Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗?
-Yes,it is.是的,它是。
②-What’s that?那是什么?
-It’s a kite.是只风筝。
3.these和those用法
this,that,these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
①This is my bed.That is Lily’s bed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
②These pictures are good.那些画很好。
③Are those apple trees?那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:
④Are these/those your apples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?
Yes,they are.是的,他们是。
4.名词+’s所有格
单数名词后直接加“’s”:
Jim’s coat吉姆的外套Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈
以s结尾的复数名词,只加“’”
Teachers’Day教师节the twins’books双胞胎的书
不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“’s”
Children’s Day儿童节men’s shoes男式鞋
表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s
Lucy and Lily’s mother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)
表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’s
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)
5.There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记There be句型结构:
There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:
There is a book on the desk.
有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:
On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:
Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:
①There isa tree behind the house.
②There is some water in the bottle .
③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:
①There is a book and some pens on the floor.
②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
6.like一词的用法
like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。
(1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:
I like the baby very much.我非常喜欢这个小孩。
(2)后接动名词(v.-ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:
Tom likes playing football.汤姆喜欢踢足球。
(3)后接动词不定式(to do),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:
I like reading,but I like to watch TV this evening.我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。
7.句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素
(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we,you→you,she,he,it→they。
如:She is a girl.→They are girls.
(2)am,is要变为are。如:
I’m a student.→We are students.
(3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:
He is a boy.→They are boys.
(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:
It is an apple.→They are apples.
(5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:
This is a box.→These are boxes.
8.英语日期的表示法
英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。
用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。
9.时间的表达法
(1)直读式,即直接读出时间数字
7:05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen
(2)过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)
1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two
3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
(3)12小时制
6:00 a.m.上午6点 8:20 p.m.下午8点20分
(4)24小时制
13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分
(5)15分可用quarter
4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six
(6)时间前通常用at.
At 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
10.want用法
(1)想干什么用want to do sth
They want to join the sports club.他们想加入运动俱乐部。
(2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化
①He wants to play basketball.
②Li Xia wants to play the piano.
(3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.
①-Do you want to play soccer ball?-Yes,Ido./No,I don’t.
②-Doe he want to go home by bus?-Yes,he does./No,he doesn’t.
练习题及答案
一、单项选择(15 题)
I ____ a student. You ____ a teacher.A. am; are B. is; are C. am; is
This ____ my pen, those ____ your pencils.A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are
—Is that a dog? —____A. Yes, that is. B. Yes, it is. C. No, it is.
These ____ my books and those ____ Lily’s.A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is
This is ____ room. They share one room.A. Lucy and Lily’s B. Lucy’s and Lily’s C. Lucy and Lily
There ____ some water in the bottle.A. is B. are C. am
There ____ a pen and two rulers on the desk.A. are B. is C. have
Tom likes ____ football after school.A. play B. playing C. to playing
She likes reading, but she likes ____ TV tonight.A. watch B. to watch C. watching
—What’s that? —____ a kite.A. That’s B. This is C. It’s
He is a boy. ____ are boys.A. Them B. They C. We
We have a class meeting ____ Monday.A. in B. on C. at
It’s 4:15. We can say ____.A. a quarter past four B. half past four C. a quarter to four
He ____ to play basketball after school.A. want B. wants C. wanting
—____ he want to go home? —Yes, he does.A. Do B. Does C. Is
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(10 题)
These are the ____ (child) toys.
These are their ____ (room).
There ____ (be) some apples on the tree.
I like ____ (dance), but I like ____ (sing) today.
These ____ (be) boxes.
____ (that) are Tom and Mike.
It’s the ____ (teacher) holiday.
He ____ (want) to join the music club.
It’s half past two. It’s 2:____ (30).
There ____ (be) two books and a pencilbox in my bag.
三、句型转换(5 题)
This is a notebook.(改为复数句)
There is a book on the desk.(改为否定句)
Tom likes playing football.(改为一般疑问句)
Lucy and Lily share one room.(用所有格改写)This is ________________ room.
I want to watch TV.(改为否定句)
三、参考答案
一、单项选择
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A6.A 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C11.B 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.B
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
children’s
rooms
are
dancing; to sing
are
Those
teachers’
wants
thirty
are
三、句型转换
These are notebooks.
There isn’t a book on the desk.
Does Tom like playing football?
Lucy and Lily’s
I don’t want to watch TV.

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