AI大模型如何赋能软件工程

一、基于大模型的智能化软件工程——机会与挑战

（可信AI评测）

由中国信息通信研究院云计算与大数据研究所（以下简称“中国信通院云大所”）和人工智能关键技术和应用评测工业和信息化部重点实验室（以下简称“实验室”）联合主办的“2023大模型工程化论坛”在京成功举办，线上线下共计三千多名专家参会。本次论坛以“论道大模型服务发展新思路”和“共谋AI高质效生产新篇章”为主题，围绕大模型等AI模型的生产、管理、应用和服务化等工程化阶段展开研讨。论坛邀请了北京大学讲席教授、计算机学院软件科学与工程系主任——谢涛，发表“基于大模型的智能化软件工程：机会与挑战”主题演讲。

二、如何使用大语言模型加速软件工程初期的功能测试？

（原创 小董STEM学习空间 小董的STEM学习空间）

1. The Importance of Software Testing

• and it will help us have productive conversations with our security expert colleagues.这将帮助我们与安全专家同事进行更高效的交流。

2. Manual Exploratory Testing

• By working with an LLM to think through different types of testing activities, we can make life much easier for anyone testing your code.通过与大语言模型（LLM）合作思考不同类型的测试活动，我们可以大大简化测试人员的工作。

tasks = []defadd_task(task):    tasks.append(task)returnf"Task '{task}' added."defremove_task(task):if task in tasks:        tasks.remove(task)returnf"Task '{task}' removed."else:return"Task not found."deflist_tasks():return tasks

• Its functions include things like adding tasks, removing tasks, and listing tasks.它的功能包括添加任务、移除任务和列出任务。
• So it would make sense for you to try each one of these.因此，尝试每一项功能是有意义的。

Here's an example usage code.以下是一个使用示例代码。

# Example usageprint(add_task("Buy groceries"))# Output: Task 'Buy groceries' added.print(add_task("Read a book")) # Output: Task 'Read a book' added.print(list_tasks()) # Output: ['Buy groceries', 'Read a book']print(remove_task("Read a book"))# Output: Task 'Read a book' removed.print(list_tasks())# Output: ['Buy groceries']

这些是相当直接的测试，方法会按我们的预期工作。

Next, we might move on to testing some edge cases.接下来，我们可以测试一些边界情况。

• For instance, what happens when we try to remove a task that doesn't exist?例如，当我们尝试移除一个不存在的任务时会发生什么？

print(remove_task("Go for a run")) # Output: Task not found.

• There is another issue that we may have found, and it's not immediately obvious, and that is we can add an empty task.我们可能发现另一个问题，这个问题并不显而易见，那就是我们可以添加一个空任务。

print(add_task("")) # Output: Task '' added.print(list_tasks()) # Output: ['Buy groceries', '']

❝

Prompt: You are a software engineer and tester who is curious and who likes to go through code looking for edge cases. There's some Python code here --  please explore it and find and issues that might cause bugs or poor functionality:

ChatGPT found a number of issues and suggested some potential improvements.ChatGPT发现了一些问题并建议了一些潜在的改进。

• There's various other things, such as task duplication. It does not check for duplicate tasks when we do add_task.还有其他问题，比如任务重复。在执行 add_task 时，它没有检查任务是否重复。

Model Response 2: Revised Code

Benefits of the Improved Code:

• Encapsulation: Tasks are now encapsulated within a TaskManager class.

classTaskManager:def__init__(self):        self.tasks = []

• Validation: Input is validated to ensure tasks are non-empty strings.
• Duplicate Handling: Duplicates are rejected with an appropriate message.

defadd_task(self, task):ifnot task ornot isinstance(task, str):return"Invalid task. Task must be a non-empty string."if task in self.tasks:returnf"Task '{task}' already exists."        self.tasks.append(task)returnf"Task '{task}' added."defremove_task(self, task):if task in self.tasks:            self.tasks.remove(task)returnf"Task '{task}' removed."else:returnf"Task '{task}' not found."

• User-Friendly Output: list_tasks() provides a numbered list, making it easier to read.
• Safety: Internal state is protected by the class.

deflist_tasks(self):ifnot self.tasks:return"No tasks available."return"\n".join(f"{i+1}. {task}"for i, task in enumerate(self.tasks))

• Add unit tests for edge cases, such as removing tasks that do not exist, adding None or empty tasks.

# Example usage of TaskManagerif __name__ == "__main__":    task_manager = TaskManager()# Adding tasks    print(task_manager.add_task("Read a book"))  # Output: Task 'read a book' added.    print(task_manager.add_task("Go jogging"))  # Output: Task 'go jogging' added.    print(task_manager.add_task("Read a book"))  # Output: Task 'read a book' already exists.# Listing tasks    print(task_manager.list_tasks())# Output:# read a book# go jogging# Removing a task    print(task_manager.remove_task("Read a book"))  # Output: Task 'read a book' removed.    print(task_manager.remove_task("Watch TV"))  # Output: Task 'watch tv' not found.# Listing tasks after removal    print("Tasks after removal:")    print(task_manager.list_tasks())# Output:# go jogging# Adding an invalid task    print(task_manager.add_task(""))  # Output: Invalid task. Task must be a non-empty string.    print(task_manager.add_task(None))  # Output: Invalid task. Task must be a non-empty string.    print(task_manager.add_task("  "))  # Output: Invalid task. Task must be a non-empty string.

3. Manual Functional Testing

import unittestclassTestTodoList(unittest.TestCase):defsetUp(self):global tasks        tasks = []

• In the test_add_task method, you check if a task is added successfully and then you verify that it appears in the task list.在 test_add_task 方法中，您会检查任务是否成功添加，并验证它是否出现在任务列表中。

deftest_add_task(self):  self.assertEqual(add_task("Buy groceries"), "Task 'Buy groceries' added.")  self.assertIn("Buy groceries", tasks)

• For test_remove_task, you add the task first and then remove it to check if it's removed from the list.在 test_remove_task 方法中，您先添加任务，然后删除它以检查它是否从列表中移除。

deftest_remove_task(self):  add_task("Read a book")  self.assertEqual(remove_task("Read a book"), "Task 'Read a book' removed.")  self.assertNotIn("Read a book", tasks)

• The test_remove_nonexistent_task method verifies that trying to remove a non-existent task will return the correct message.test_remove_nonexistent_task 方法验证尝试删除不存在的任务是否会返回正确的消息。

deftest_remove_nonexistent_task(self):  self.assertEqual(remove_task("Go for a run"), "Task not found.")

• The test_list_tasks method checks if the list of tasks is returned correctly.test_list_tasks 方法检查任务列表是否正确返回。

deftest_list_tasks(self):  add_task("Buy groceries")  add_task("Read a book")  self.assertEqual(list_tasks(), ["Buy groceries", "Read a book"])

• And test_add_empty_task checks if the application handles adding an empty task.test_add_empty_task 方法检查应用程序是否处理添加空任务的情况。

deftest_add_empty_task(self):  self.assertEqual(add_task(""), "Invalid task. Task must be a non-empty string.")  self.assertNotIn("", tasks)

unittest.main(argv=[''], verbosity=2, exit=False)

4. Summary

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