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淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
2011 年 12 月大学英语六级真题及答案解析
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheWayto
SuccessbycommentingonAbrahamLincoln'sfamousremark,"Givemesixhoursto
chopdownatree,andIwillspend,thefirstfoursharpeningtheaxe."Youshould
writeatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
TheWaytoSuccess
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
(15 minutes)
Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswer
thequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthe
fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswith
theinformationgiveninthepassage.
Google'sPlanforWorld'sBiggestOnlineLibrary:PhilanthropyOrActofPiracy?
Inrecentyears,teamsofworkersdispatchedbyGooglehavebeenworkinghardto
makedigitalcopiesofbooks.Sofar,Googlehasscannedmorethan10milliontitlesfromlibraries
inAmericaandEurope-includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleianinOxford.The
exactmethoditusesisunclear;thecompanydoesnotallowoutsiderstoobservetheprocess.
WhyisGoogleundertakingsuchaventure?Whyisiteveninterestedinallthose
out-of-printlibrarybooks,mostofwhichhavebeengatheringdustonforgottenshelvesfor
decades?Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-spirited.Itsoverallmission,afterall,isto
"organisetheworld'sinformation",soitwouldbeoddifthatinformationdidnotincludebooks.
Thecompanylikestopresentitselfashavingloftyaspirations."Thisreallyisn'taboutmaking
money.Wearedoingthisforthegoodofsociety."AsSantiagodelaMora,headofGoogleBooksfor
Europe,putsit:"Bymakingitpossibletosearchthemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday,wehopeto
expandthefrontiersofhumanknowledge."
DanClancy,thechiefarchitectofGoogleBooks,doesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisis
primarilyaphilanthropic(慈善的)exercise."Google'scorebusinessissearchandfind,soobviously
whathelpsimproveGoogle'ssearchengineisgoodforGoogle,"hesays."Butwehaveneverbuilt
aspreadsheet(电子数据表)outliningthefinancialbenefitsofthis,andIhaveneverhadtojustify
theamountIamspendingtothecompany'sfounders."
Itiseasy,talkingtoClancyandhiscolleagues,tobesweptalongbytheirmissionarypassion.But
Google'sbook-scanningprojectisprovingcontroversial.Severalopponentshaverecentlyemerged,
rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodiesrepresentingauthorsand
publishersacrosstheworld.Inbroadterms,theseopponentshavelevelledtwosetsofcriticismsat
Google.淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
First,theyhavequestionedwhethertheprimaryresponsibilityfordigitallyarchivingthe
world'sbooksshouldbeallowedtofalltoacommercialcompany.InarecentessayintheNewYork
ReviewofBooks,RobertDarnton,theheadofHarvardUniversity'slibrary,arguedthatbecausesuch
booksareacommonresource–thepossessionofusall–onlypublic,not-for-profitbodiesshould
begiventhepowertocontrolthem.
ThesecondrelatedcriticismisthatGoogle'sscanningofbooksisactuallyillegal.Thisallegation
hasledtoGooglebecomingmiredin(陷入)alegalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakesthe
JarndyceandJarndycecaseinCharlesDickens'BleakHouselookstraightforward.
Atitscentre,however,isonesimpleissue:thatofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactabout
mostbooks,towhichGooglehasarguablypaidinsufficientattention,isthattheyareprotected
bycopyright.Copyrightlawsdifferfromcountrytocountry,butingeneralprotectionextendsfor
thedurationofanauthor'slifeandforasubstantialperiodafterwards,thusallowingtheauthor's
heirstobenefit.(InBritainandAmerica,thispost-deathperiodis70years.)Thismeans,ofcourse,
thatalmostallofthebookspublishedinthe20thcenturyarestillundercopyright–andthelast
centurysawmorebookspublishedthaninallpreviouscenturiescombined.Oftheroughly40
millionbooksinUSlibraries,forexample,anestimated32millionareincopyright.Ofthese,some
27millionareoutofprint.
OutsidetheUS,Googlehasmadesureonlytoscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthe
"publicdomain"(workssuchastheBodleian'sfirsteditionofMiddlemarch,whichanyonecanreadfor
freeonGoogleBooksSearch).
But,withintheUS,thecompanyhasscannedbothin-copyrightandout-of-copyrightworks.Inits
defence,Googlepointsoutthatitdisplaysonlysmallsegmentsofbooksthatarein
copyright–arguingthatsuchdisplaysare"fairuse".Butcriticsallegethatbymaking
electroniccopiesofthesebookswithoutfirstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders,Google
hascommittedpiracy.
"Thekeyprincipleofcopyrightlawhasalwaysbeenthatworkscanbecopiedonly
onceauthorshaveexpresslygiventheirpermission,"saysPiersBlofeld,oftheSheilLandliterary
agencyinLondon."Googlehasreversedthis–ithassimplycopiedalltheseworkswithoutbothering
toask."
In2005,theAuthorsGuildofAmerica,togetherwithagroupofUSpublishers,launcheda
classactionsuit(集团诉讼)againstGooglethat,aftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation,ended
withanannouncementlastOctoberthatGoogleandtheclaimantshadreachedanout-of-court
settlement.Thefulldetailsarecomplicated-thetextalonerunsto385pages–andtryingtosum
ariseitisnoeasytask."Partoftheproblemisthatitisbasicallyincomprehensible,"saysBlofeld,
oneofthesettlement'smostvocalBritishcritics.
Broadly,thedealprovidesamechanismforGoogletocompensateauthorsand
publisherswhoserightsithasbreached(includinggivingthemashareofanyfuturerevenueit
generatesfromtheirworks).Inexchangeforthis,therightsholdersagreenottosueGooglein
future.
ThissettlementhandsGooglethepower-butonlywiththeagreementofindividualrights
holders–toexploititsdatabaseofout-of-printbooks.Itcanincludetheminsubscriptiondealssold淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
tolibrariesorsellthemindividuallyunderaconsumerlicence.Itisthesecommercialprovisionsthat
areprovingthesettlement'smostcontroversialaspect.
Criticspointoutthat,bygivingGoogletherighttocommerciallyexploititsdatabase,the
settlementpavesthewayforasubtleshiftinthecompany'srolefromproviderofinformationto
seller."Google'sbusinessmodelhasalwaysbeentoprovideinformationforfree,andselladvertising
onthebasisofthetrafficthisgenerates,"pointsoutJamesGrimmelmann,associateprofessoratNew
YorkLawSchool.Now,hesays,becauseofthesettlement'sprovisions,Googlecouldbecomea
significantforceinbookselling.
Interestinthisaspectofthesettlementhasfocusedon"orphan"works,wherethereis
noknowncopyrightholder–thesemakeupanestimated5-10%ofthebooksGooglehas
scanned.Underthesettlement,whennorightsholderscomeforwardandregistertheirinterestina
work,commercialcontrolautomaticallyrevertstoGoogle.Googlewillbeabletodisplayupto20%
oforphanworksforfree,includetheminitssubscriptiondealstolibrariesandsellthemto
individualbuyersundertheconsumerlicence.
Itisbynomeanscertainthatthesettlementwillbeenacted(执行)–itisthesubjectofa
fairnesshearingintheUScourts.Butifitisenacted,Googlewillineffectbeoffthehookasfar
ascopyrightviolationsintheUSareconcerned.Manypeopleareseriouslyconcernedbythis-and
thecompanyislikelytofacechallengesinothercourtsaroundtheworld.
NooneknowsthepreciseuseGooglewillmakeoftheintellectualpropertyithasgainedby
scanningtheworld'slibrarybooks,andthetruth,asGleick,anAmericansciencewriterandmemberof
theAuthorsGuild,pointsout,isthatthecompanyprobablydoesn'tevenknowitself.Butwhatis
certainisthat,insomewayorother,Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwillhaveasignificant
impactonthebookworldintheyearstocome.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld'sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____.
A) toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublic
B) toencouragereadingaroundtheworld
C) tosaveout-of-printbooksinlibraries
D) topromoteitscorebusinessofsearching
2.AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google'sbook-scanningprojectwill_____.
A) broadenhumanity'sintellectualhorizons
B) helpthebroadmassesofreaders
C) revolutionisetheentirebookindustry
D) makefulluseofthepowerofitssearchengine
3.OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbe
controlledby_____.
A) non-profitorganisations C)multinationalcompanies
B) theworld'sleadinglibraries D)theworld'stechgiants
4.Googlehasinvolveditselfinalegalbattleasitignored_____.淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
A) thecopyrightofauthorsofout-of-printbooks
B) thecopyrightofthebooksitscanned
C) theinterestoftraditionalbooksellers
D) thedifferencesofin-printandout-of-printbooks
5.Googledefendsitsscanningin-copyrightbooksbysayingthat_____.
A) itdisplaysonlyasmallpartoftheircontent
B) itiswillingtocompensatethecopyrightholders
C) makingelectroniccopiesofbooksisnotaviolationofcopyright
D) theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse
6.WhatdowelearnabouttheclassactionsuitagainstGoogle?
A) ItendedinavictoryfortheAuthorsGuildofAmerica.
B) Itwassettledaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.
C) ItfailedtoprotecttheinterestsofAmericanpublishers.
D) Itcouldleadtomoreout-of-courtsettlementsofsuchdisputes.
7.Whatremainedcontroversialaftertheclassactionsuitended?
A) Thecompensationforcopyrightholders.
B) ThechangeinGoogle'sbusinessmodel.
C) Google'sfurtherexploitationofitsdatabase.
D) Thecommercialprovisionsofthesettlement.
8.While_____,Googlemakesmoneybysellingadvertising.
9.Bookswhosecopyrightholdersarenotknownarecalled_____.
10.Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwilltremendously_____inthefuture.
PartIIIListeningComprehension (35minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Atthe
endofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.
Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereach
questiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoices
markedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.A)Cancelthetriptoprepareforthetest.
B) ReviewhisnotesoncehearrivesinChicago.
C) Listentotherecordednoteswhiledriving.
D) Prepareforthetestafterthewedding.淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
12.A)Thewomanwillhelpthemanrememberthelines.
B) Themanlacksconfidenceinplayingthepart.
C) Themanhopestochangehisroleintheplay.
D) Thewomanwillpromptthemanduringtheshow.
13.A)Preparationsforanoperation. C)Arrangingabedforapatient.
B)Acomplicatedsurgicalcase. D)Rescuingthewoman'suncle.
14.A)Heisinterestedinimprovinghiseditingskills.
B) Heiseagertobenominatedtheneweditor.
C) HeissuretodoabetterjobthanSimon.
D) Heistoobusytoacceptmoreresponsibility.
15.A)Hehaslefthispositioninthegovernment.
B) Hehasalreadyreachedtheretirementage.
C) Hemadeastupiddecisionatthecabinetmeeting.
D) HehasbeensuccessfullyelectedPrimeMinister.
16.A)Thisyear'sshuttlemissionisabigstepinspaceexploration.
B) Themaniswellinformedaboutthespaceshuttlemissions.
C) Theshuttleflightwillbebroadcastliveworldwide.
D) Themanisexcitedatthenewsoftheshuttleflight.
17.A)Atanautorescuecenter. C)Atasuburbangarage.
B)Atacarrentingcompany. D)Atamountaincamp.
18.A)Hegothisspeakersfixed. C)Helistenedtosomeseriousmusic
B)Hewentshoppingwiththewoman. D)Heboughtastereosystem.
Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Providingaidtothedisabled.
B) Printinglabelsformanufacturedgoods.
C) Promotingproductsformanufacturers.
D) Sellingproductsmadeforleft-handers.
20.A)Mostofthemarespeciallymadeforhisshop.
B) Allofthemaremanufacturedinhisownplant.
C) Thekitchenwareinhisshopisofuniquedesign.
D) Abouthalfofthemareunavailableonthemarket.
21.A)Theyspecialiseinoneproductonly. C)TheyrunchainstoresincentralLondon.
B)TheyhaveoutletsthroughoutBritain. D)Theysellbymailorderonly.
Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
22.A)Itpublishesmagazines. C)Itrunssalespromotioncampaigns.
B)Itsponsorstradefairs. D)Itisengagedinproductdesign.
23.A)Theadspecificationshadnotbeengivenindetail.
B) Thewoman'scompanymadelast-minutechanges.
C) Thewoman'scompanyfailedtomakepaymentsintime.
D) Organisingthepromotionwasreallytime-consuming.
24.A)Extendthecampaigntonextyear. C)Runanotherfour-weekcampaign.
B)Cutthefeebyhalfforthisyear. D)Givehera10percentdiscount.
25.A)Stopnegotiatingforthetimebeing. C)Reflectontheirrespectivemistakes
B)Calmdownandmakepeace. D)Improvetheirpromotionplans.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhear
somequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryou
hearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),
C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline
throughthecentre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
PassageOne
Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
26.A)Theylookspotlesslycleanthroughouttheirlives.
B) Theyarelookedafterbyanimal-careorganizations.
C) Theysacrificetheirlivesforthebenefitofhumans.
D) Theyarelabeledpetanimalsbytheresearchers.
27.A)Theymayaffecttheresultsofexperiments.
B) Theymaybehaveabnormally.
C) Theymaybreedoutofcontrol.
D) Theymaycausedamagetotheenvironment.
28.A)Whentheybecomeescapees. C)Whentheygettooold.
B)Whentheyarenolongeruseful. D)Whentheybecomeill.
29.A)Whilelaunchinganimalprotectioncampaigns,theyweretrappingkitchenmice.
B) Whileholdingaburialceremonyforapetmouse,theywerekillingpestmice.
C) Whileadvocatingfreedomforanimals,theykepttheirpetmouseinacage.
D) Whilecallingforanimalrights,theyallowedtheirkidstokeeppetanimals.
PassageTwo淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
30.A)Theytakeitforgranted. C)Theycontributemosttoit.
B)Theyarecrazyaboutit. D)Theyoftenfindfaultwithit.
31.A)Heatandlight. C)Historicalcontinuity.
B)Economicprosperity. D)Tidalrestlessness.
32.A)Theyfindthecityalientothem.
B) Theyareadventurersfromallovertheworld.
C) Theylackknowledgeofthecultureofthecity.
D) Theyhavedifficultysurviving.
PassageThree
Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
33.A)Apoliticaldebate. C)Adocumentary.
B)Afootballgame. D)Amurdermystery.
34.A)Itenhancesfamilyrelationships. C)Ithelpsbroadenone’shorizons.
B)Itisasheerwasteoftime. D)Itisunhealthyfortheviewers.
35.A)HewatchesTVprogramsonlyselectively.
B) Hecan'tresistthetemptationofTVeither.
C) Hedoesn'tlikewatchingsportsprograms.
D) Heisnotamanwhocankeephispromise.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirst
time,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthe
secondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withthe
exactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequired
tofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwords
youhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,when
thepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Inthepast,oneofthebiggestdisadvantagesofmachineshasbeentheirinabilitytoworkon
amicro-scale.Forexample,doctorsdidnothavedevicesallowingthemtogoinsidethehumanbodyto
(36)_____healthproblemsortoperform(37)_____surgery.Repaircrewsdidnothaveawayof
(38)_____brokenpipeslocateddeepwithinahigh-rise(39)_____building.However,that'sabout
tochange.Advancesincomputersandbiophysicshavestartedamicrominiature(超
微)(40)_____thatallowsscientiststoenvision–andinsomecasesactuallybuild–microscopic
machines.Thesedevicespromiseto(41)_____changethewayweliveandwork.淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
Micromachinesalreadyaremakinganimpact.AtCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,
Ohio,researchscientistshavedesigneda4-inchsiliconchipthatholds700tiny(42)_____motors.
AtLucasNovaSensorinFremont,California,scientistshaveperfectedtheworld'sfirst
microscopicblood-pressuresensor.Threadedthroughaperson'sblood(43)_____,thesensorcan
providebloodpressurereadingsatthevalveoftheheartitself.
(44)______________________________________________________________________.
Automanufacturers,forexample,aretryingtousetiny
devices_______________________________________________________
(45)___________________________________________________________________________.
Somefuturistsenvisionnanotechnology(纳米技术)alsobeingusedtoexplorethedeepseainsmall
submarines,oreventolaunchfinger-sizedrocketspackedwithmicrominiatureinstruments.
Thereisanexplosionofnewideasandapplications.So,(46)_____________________________
____________________________________________________________.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.
Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsin
thefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.
Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Leadershipisthemostsignificantwordintoday'scompetitivebusinessenvironment
becauseitdirectsthemanagerofabusinesstofocusinwardontheirpersonalcapabilitiesand
style.Expertsonleadershipwillquicklypointoutthat"howthingsgetdone"influencesthe
successoftheoutcomesandindicatesarightwayandawrongwaytodothings.Whenanoted
leaderontheartofmanagement,PeterDrucker,coinedthephrase"Managementisdoing
thingsright;leadershipisdoingtherightthings,"hewasseekingtoclarifythedistinctionshe
associateswiththeterms.
WhenStephenCovey,founderanddirectoroftheLeadershipInstitute,exploredleadership
stylesinthepastdecade,hefocusedonthehabitsofagreatnumberofhighlyeffective
individuals.HisSevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeoplebecameapopularbestsellerveryquickly.
Hisideasforcedareexaminationoftheearlyleadershipparadigm(范例),whichheobserved
centeredontraitsfoundinthecharacterethicandthepersonalityethic.Theformerethic
suggestedsuccesswasfoundedonintegrity,modesty,loyalty,courage,patience,andsoforth.
Thepersonalityethicsuggesteditwasone'sattitude,notbehavior,thatinspiredsuccess,and
thisethicwasfoundedonabeliefofpositivementalattitude.Incontrasttoeachoftheseideas,
Coveyadvocatesthatleadersneedtounderstanduniversalprinciplesofeffectiveness,andhe
highlightshowvitalitisforleaderstofirstpersonallymanagethemselvesiftheyaretoenjoyany
hopeofoutstandingsuccessintheirworkenvironments.Toachieveadesiredvisionforyour
business,itisvitalthatyouhaveapersonalvisionofwhereyouareheadedandwhatyouvalue.淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
Businessleadershipmeansthatmanagersneedto"putfirstthingsfirst,"whichimpliesthat
beforeleadingothers,youneedtobeclearonyourownvalues,abilities,andstrengthsandbe
seenastrustworthy.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
47. Tobegoodleaders,managersmustpaycloseattentiontotheirown_____.
48. AccordingtoPeterDrucker,leadersshouldbegoodat_____.
49. Thepersonalityethicsuggeststhatpeoplearelikelytosucceediftheyhave_____.
50. AccordingtoStephenCovey,leaderswhohopetoachieveoutstandingsuccessneedfirstof
allto_____.
51. Goodleadershiprequiresonetoknowone'sownstrengthsandbeabletowinpeople's
_____.
SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor
unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and
D).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollege
graduate?China"}India!Brazil!Howabouttrade!
WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJune
approached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoared
to$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.The
largerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,
theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.
Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefigureson
importsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession–areneweddeclineinthebroad
levelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates–butaneconomicexpansion.
Therisingvolumeoftrade–moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnited
States–isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,
delivery,
andlogistics(物流)haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumbers
signifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets–whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthe
handsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavethe
abilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsfor
peoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesfor
whichglobaldemandsetstheprice–agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.
Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedinthe
globaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasin淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
Americaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet
–andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.
OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americans
are
payingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhat
we'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,
figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?Unlessyouwanttopickupandmoveto
India,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit's
nolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.
Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmore
involvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthe
lion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?
A) ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.
B) ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.
C) ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.
D) Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.
53.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?
A) ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.
B) ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.
C) Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.
D) Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.
54.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?
A) Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.
B) Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.
C) Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.
D) Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.
55.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?
A) Competitionfromoverseas. C)Slacktradeactivities.
B) People'sreluctancetospend. D)Decreasingproductivity.
56.Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?
A) Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.
B) Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.
C) Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.
D) Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
PassageTwo
Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslating
newknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.
Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongthe
worldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.
Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.
However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughin
takingideastomarket.Themostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesand
researchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstarting
position,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercialisationactivity.
Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelped
transformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstronger
thanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylarge
variationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberof
universitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasethe
leaders.
ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandismirroredacrossothereconomies.In
theUK,researchisconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearch
funding.Thesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareof
PhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenceincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgenerating
long-termresourceconcentrationhasalsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichare
research-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchand
commercialisationworkcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.
Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximisetheimpactof
theirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocial,economicand
environmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestment,theyshouldsharetheirexpertisein
ordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.
PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearch
commercialisationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheUK
whichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercialisationwork.
Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsanda
simultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,and
should,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialisation?
A) Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.
B) Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.
C) Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.
D) Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
58.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities'performancein
commercialisation?
A) Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.
B) ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.
C) Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.
D) Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.
59.WecaninferfromParagraph5that"policyinterventions"(Line1,Para.4)refersto_____.
A) governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversities
B) compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustries
C) fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutions
D) concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities
60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?
A) Publicisetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.
B) Fullyutilisetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.
C) Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.
D) Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.
61.HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK'seconomicgrowth?
A) Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.
B) Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch.
C) Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.
D) Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoices
markedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONE
thatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet
2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Ifyouknowwheretofindagoodplastic-freeshampoo,canyoutellJeanneHaegele?Last
September,the28-year-oldChicagoresident__62__tocutplasticsoutofherlife.Themarketing
coordinatorwasconcernedabout__63__thechemicalscomingoutofsomecommontypesof
plasticmightbedoingtoherbody.Shewasalsoworriedaboutthedamagealltheplastic__64__
wasdoingtotheenvironment.Soshe__65__onherbikeandrodetothenearestgrocerystore
toseewhatshecouldfindthatdidn't__66__plastic."Iwentinand__67__boughtanything,"
Haegelesays.Shedid__68__somecannedfoodandacarton(纸盒)ofmilk–todiscoverlater
thatbothcontainerswere__70__withplasticresin(树脂)."Plastic,"shesays,"justseemedlike
itwasineverything."淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
She'sright.Backinthe1960s,plasticwaswell__71__itswaytobecomingastapleof
Americanlife.TheU.S.produced28milliontonsofplasticwastein2005–27milliontonsof
which__72__inlandfills(垃圾填埋场).Ourfoodandwatercome__73__inplastic.It'susedin
ourphonesandourcomputers,thecarswedriveandtheplanesweridein.Butthe__74__
adaptablesubstancehasitsdarkside.Environmentalistsfeelworriedaboutthepetroleumneeded
tomakeit.Parentsworryaboutthepossibilityof__75__chemicalsmakingtheirwayfrom76plastic
intochildren'sbloodstreams.WhichmeansHaegeleisn'ttheonlypersontryingtocutplasticout
ofherlife–sheisn't__77__theonlyonebloggingaboutthiskindof__78__.Butthosewho've
triedknowit's__79__fromeasytogoplastic-free."Thesethingsseemtobesocommon__80__it
ispracticallyimpossibletoavoidcominginto__81__withthem,"saysFrederickvomSaal,
abiologistattheUniversityofMissouri.
62.A)resolved B)recovered C)removed D)retreated
63.A)when B)what C)who D)why
64.A)essence B)unit C)crust D)rubbish
65.A)hinged B)hopped C)stretched D)dipped
66.A)include B)induce C)compose D)consist
67.A)slightly B)nearly C)roughly D)barely
68.A)pursue B)prescribe C)preserve D)purchase
69.A)rather B)ever C)merely D)only
70.A)probed B)coupled C)lined D)combined
71.A)by B)over C)on D)under
72.A)endedup B)pulledup C)putup D)setup
73.A)trapped B)adapted C)wrapped D)adopted
74.A)interactively B)remotely C)infinitely D)resolutely
75. A)sensible B)toxic C)attractive D)absurd
76. A)household B)family C)internal D)civil
77. A)hardly B)largely C)even D)still
78. A)endeavor B)recreation C)accomplishmentD)diligence
79. A)well B)little C)far D)much
80. A)while B)which C)but D)that
81. A)fashion B)approach C)contact D)agreement
Part VI Translation (5minutes)
Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.Please
writeyourtranslationonAnsw&rSheet2.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。淘宝店铺：行知小课堂
82.Youshouldn'thaverunacrosstheroadwithoutlooking.You______________________________
(也许会被车撞倒的).
33.Bynomeans______________________________(他把自己当成专家)althoughheknowsalot
aboutthefield.
84.Hedoesn'tappreciatethesacrificehisfriendshavemadefor
him,______________________________(把他们所做的视作理所当然).
85.Janettoldmethatshewouldratherhermother______________________________(不干涉她
的婚姻).
86.Tokeepupwiththeexpandingfrontiersofscholarship,EdwardWilsonfound
himself______________________________(经常上网查找信息).
