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A: He acclaimed that he was fully recovered.
A B: And do you think that he actually was?
acclaim
A: What is NY an abbreviation for ? vt. 向……欢呼，为……喝彩
B: New York. n. 称赞，欢迎
abbreviation
n.缩写, 缩写词
A: How many people will your hotel accommodate?
B: Fifty, at a push.
A: You always abide by the law. accommodate
B: Yes, I think it is important for national governance vt. 1.容纳
abide 2.向……提供住处（或膳宿）
vt. 容忍 3.使适应，顺应
abide by
遵守，履行
A: Do you think that Mr. Hand committed the crime alone?
B: No, he has an accomplice.
A: I think my child’s behaviour is abnormal. accomplice
B: No, he just has a lot of energy. n. 共犯，从犯
abnormal
a.反常的，异常的
A: Why were you late for work?
B: I don’t have to tell you, I’m only accountable to my boss.
A: I think they should abolish all the rules in this school. accountable
B: But then there would be chaos. a. 负有责任的
abolish
vt. 废止, 废除(法律、制度、习俗等) A: That was an ace tennis match.
B: Yeah, it was fantastic.
A: Can you have an abortion in your country? ace
B: Yes, do you agree with it? n. 1.（纸牌等中的）幺点，“A”牌
abortion 2.（网球等比赛中）发球得分
n. 流产, 堕胎 3.（在某方面的）佼佼者
a. 第一流的，杰出的
A: Henry abounds with energy.
B: I know I can never keep up with him. A: Do you play the acoustic guitar?
abound B: Usually I play the electric.
vi. 1. 大量存在 acoustic
2.（in,with） 充满 ,富于 a. 1.听觉的，声音的
2.（乐器）原声的
A: Do you read the newspaper every morning?
B: Yes, I at least try to keep abreast of current affairs. A: Have you acquainted yourself with the material yet?
abreast B: No, I still have to read the book.
ad. 并列，并排 acquaint
keep abreast of vt. （with）使认识，使了解，使熟悉
与……齐头并进，了解……的最新情况
A: Has the case come to a close?
A: I heard that you were nearly in an accident. B: Yes, the suspect was acquitted because there was not enough evidence.
B: Yes, it was a close call—but the car came to an abrupt stop just in time. acquit
abrupt vt. 1.宣判……无罪
a. 1. 突然的,意外的 2.（oneself）使（自己）作出某种表现
2.（举止、言谈等）唐突的，鲁莽的
A: If you press that red button you will activate the bomb.
A: Why do you abstain from alcohol? B:I’ll be sure not to press it then.
B: I think it is better for my health. activate
abstain vt. 使活动起来，使开始起作用
vi. 1.弃权
2.（from）戒除
A: What do you want to be when you grow up?
B: A feminist activist , working for female rights
A: That was an absurd joke. activist
B: Maybe, but it was still funny. n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动 家
absurd
a. 荒谬的，荒唐的 A: Do you drink tea?
B: Yes, but I am addicted to coffee.
A: There are an abundance of flies outside. addict
B: I think that is because of the warm weather. n. 1.有瘾的人；2.入迷的人
abundance vt. 使成瘾，使入迷
n. 大量，丰富，充足
in abundance 充足，丰富 A: I watch too much television.
B: Me too, it is addictive
A: Mary hangs around with Joe a lot. addictive
B: Yes, I almost mistook her as an accessory. a. 使人入迷的，使人上瘾的
accessory
n. 1.附件，零件，配件 A: Are you going to wear those old shoes to the wedding?
2.[常pl.]（妇女手提包之类的）装饰品
B: Yeah, I hate adhering to formalities.
3.同谋，帮凶，包庇犯
1adhere aesthetic
vi. （to ）1.黏附，附着；2.遵守，坚持；3.追随，支持 见 esthetic
A: Your poster has fallen down from the wall. A: I am going on a study exchange to France next year.
B: I ran out of adhesive and forgot buy some more. B: Oh, that’s right, your university is affiliated to one in Paris.
adhesive affiliate
n. 黏合剂 vt. 使隶属（或附属）于
a. 可黏着的，粘性的 n. 附属机构，分公司
A: Where do you live? A: Simon affirmed that he was in good health.
B: Adjacent to the hospital, and near the school. B: Good , so he will be fit for work tomorrow.
adjacent affirm
a. (to)邻近的，毗连的 vt.1.断言，坚持声称；2.证实，确认
A: I always see Mary and Bill together. A: I could never afflict harm upon another creature.
B: I do too, it is like as if they were adjoined at the hip. B: Does that mean that you are also a vegetarian?
adjoin afflict
vt. 贴近，与…毗连 vt. 使苦恼，折磨
A: The pharmacy down the road is closed. A: You live in a very affluent area of the city.
B: Yes, it lost its license to administer over the counter drugs. B: I am lucky, but I am not weathy.
administer affluent
vt. 1.掌管，料理…的事务；2.施行，实施；3.给予，派给，投（药） a. 富裕的，富足的
A: I love being in thunderstorms.
A: I am reading a book about a sailing voyage set in 1900. B: I must say that I prefer the aftermath.
B: Is that the one where the admiral gets thrown overboard? aftermath
admiral n. 后果，余波
n. 海军将领，舰队司令
A: My little sister aggravate my daily!
A: He looks too young to be at university. B: But aren’t you glad that you have a little sister?
B: I thought he was just an adolescent aggravate
adolescent vt. 1.加重；2.激怒，使恼火
n. 青少年
a. 青春期的，青少年的 A: Life is of aggregate all past experience.
B: Indeed, so I better try to gain as much experience as possible.
A: I simply adore the band U2. aggregate
B: They are good , but I prefer The Cranberries. n. 总数，合计
adore a. 总计的，合计
vt. 1.崇拜，致敬，爱慕；2.非常喜欢 vt. 1.总计达，合计；2.使聚集，使积聚
in the aggregate 总共，作为总体
A: Did you enjoy the wedding?
B: It was beautiful, the bride was adorned with rose in her hair. A: Stop agitate your brother!
adorn B: He is the one that started it .
vt. 装饰，使生色 agitate
vi. （for,against）煽动，鼓动
vt. 1.搅动，摇动；2.使焦虑不安
A: I can not wait until advent is over.
B: Likewise, then I can open all of my Christmas presents.
advent A: Try to calm down. The wound is not serious.
n. 出现，到来 B: But I am in agony
agony
n. （极度的）痛苦，创痛
A: Peter and Mary are always fighting.
B: I didn’t know that they had an adversary relationship.
adversary A: Do you like your new neighbours?
n. 对手，敌手 B: Yes, I find them very agreeable
agreeable
a. 1.令人愉快的，惬意的；2.（欣然）同意的，乐意的
A: Did you see the thunder and lightening last night?
B: No, but the weather has been unusually adverse resently.
adverse A: My grandmother lives alone.
a. 不利的，有害的 B: Oh, mine now has an aide to help her in the home.
aide
n. 助手，副官
A: By the way , I broke the radio aerial last night.
B: I was wondering why the reception was so bad.
aerial A: You are not looking well today.
a. 1.飞机的，航空的，由飞机进行的；2.空中俯瞰的，架空的 B: Unfortunately, I always have some sort of ailment in the winter.
n. 天线 ailment
n. 小病，疾病
A: Do you like Monet’s work? A: This room is far too warm.
B: Turn on the air-conditioning then.
B: No, I prefer Degas, He appeals more to my aesthetic sense.
air-conditioning
n. 空调设备，空调系统
2A: I tripped up walking down the aisle in church last Sunday. a.1.交替的，轮流的；供选择的；2.间隔的
B: That is because you never tie your laces property. v. （使）轮流，（使）交替
aisle
n. 过道，通道 A: I amassed a lot of lecture notes during my undergraduate degree.
B: I hope that you amassed them in your head also!
A: Did you take a lot of photos on your holidays? amass
B: Yeah, two album full. vt. 积累，积聚
album
n. 粘贴簿，集邮簿，像册 A: Did you enjoy the end of the novel?
B: No, it was too ambiguous for me.
A: I’m not too fond of alcoholic drinks. ambiguous
B: Well I usually drink Coke as well. a. 引起歧义的，模棱两可的，含糊不清的
alcoholic
a. 1.酒精的，含酒精的；2.由酒精引起的 A: You work very hard.
n. 酗酒者 B: Maybe, but I ma ambitious and want to do well in my career.
ambitious
A: I would love to visit South America. a.1.有抱负的，雄心勃勃的；2.有野心的
B: So would I , but at the moment it seems almost alien to me.
alien A: Your essay is good. But I think that you need to amend the conclusion.
a. 1.外国的，外国人的；2.陌生的；3.性质不同的，不相容的 B: Oh, I thought the ending was the best part.
n. 1.外国人，外侨；2.外星人 amend
vt. 修改，修订，改进
A: The new girl in our class seems to be alienated from us. n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿
B: I will invite her to join us at lunch, maybe that will help.
alienate A: Do your parents get along well?
vt. 1.使疏远，使不友好，离间；2.转让，让渡（财产等） B: Yes, they at least have an amicable relationship.
amiable
A: He alleged that he was burgled during the night. a. 和蔼可亲的，友好的
B: I do not believe him, he is always telling lies.
allege A: The army in my county is under-funded.
vt. 断言，宣称，硬说 B: I think that it is a good thing that it can not afford more ammunition though.
ammunition
A: Here is some cream to alleviate your pain. n. 弹药，军火
B: Thanks, I will use it straight away.
alleviate A: Is there enough space in the back of the car?
vt. 减轻，缓解，缓和 B: Yes, ample.
ample
A: Where did you lose your purse? a.1.足够的；2.宽敞的，面积大的
B: In the alley beside my house.
alley A: I can not hear the lecturer.
n. 小巷，胡同 B: He needs to amplify his voice more.
amplify
A: I have been allotted only two shelves for all my belongings in the dor. vt.1.放大（声音等），增强；2.扩大，详述，进一步阐述
B: I am sure that you can ask for more space if you need it.
allot A: My teacher used the analogy of an acorn and oak tree to explain the potential of the school.
vt. 分配，拨出 B: He must think you all have a lot of potential then.
analogy
A: Is your ring made of pure silver? n. 比拟，类比，类推
B: No, I think that it is just an alloy . by analogy
alloy 用类推的方法
n. 合金
vt. 将……铸成合金 A: That guy is crazy.
B: Maybe he needs to see an analyst.
A: Mr. Jones often alludes to his wealth. analyst
B: yes, but actually I don’t think he is wealthy compared to Mrs. Devan. n.1.分析家，化验员；2.心理分析学家
allude
vi. （to）暗指，提及 A: You have a very analytic mind.
B: I think that is why I enjoy mathematics.
A: Why did you come to Beijing? analytic
B: I was allured by the bright lights of the city. 见analytical
allure
n. 诱惑力，魅力 A: Do you ever read the Financial Times?
vt. 诱惑，引诱，吸引 B: No, it is far too analytical for me.
analytical
A: I heard an almighty amount of noise outside last night. a. 分析的，分析法的
B: Sorry, that was my dog chasing my neighbour’s cat.
almighty A: My two year old son is very destructive.
a.1.全能的，万能的；2.很大的，很强的
B: Maybe he wants to be a political anarchist when he grows up!
anarchist
A: How often will you be able to work? n. 无政府主义者
B: Only on alternate days I am afraid.
alternate
3A: I would like to research my ancestry some day. A: I can’t find the information that you quoted.
B: Do you even know the origin of your family name yet? B: Look in Appendix Four, page 231.
ancestry appendix
n. 祖先，世系 n.1.阑尾 ；2.附录
A: I love Philip’s stories. A: I think the performance was fantastic.
B: Yes, particularly his anecdotes. B: The audience seemed to agreed, they applauded for five minutes.
anecdote applaud
n. 轶事，趣闻 vi.鼓掌，喝彩
vt.1.向...鼓掌，向...喝彩 ；2.称赞，赞许
A: Do you like Micheangelo’s paintings?
B: Very much, particularly his depictions of angels. A: A journalist for the national paper wrote a warm appraisal for the new play.
angel B: I must book a ticket soon then, before they are all sold out.
n.1.天使；2.可爱的人 appraisal
n.估计，估量，评价
A: My classmate had to go to hospital just before the exams.
B: Probably too much anguish and stress. A: Did they apprehend the criminal yet?
anguish B: No, I think that the police are still looking for him.
n. （精神或肉体的）极度痛苦 apprehend
vt.逮捕，拘押，领会，理解
A: Did you know that Germany annexed part of Czechoslovakia during the war?
B: Yeah, I read about it in my history book. A: What is your current occupation?
annex B: I am an apprentice electrician but I will be qualified in two months.
vt. 兼并，吞并 apprentice
n. 附属建筑物 n.学徒，徒弟
A: Do you know who wrote this poem? A: Your shirt is filthy.
B: No, it is anonymous, the poet did not disclose his name. B: Oops, I was cooking but did not have an apron.
anonymous apron
a. 1.无名的，不具名的； 2.匿名的 ；3.无特色的，无个特征的 n.1.围裙 ；2.台口(舞台幕前的突出部分) ；3.停机坪
A: The film was about an antagonism between two countries. A: Your comment about inefficient train service was most apt. I have been waiting in this platform for half
B: Sounds too violent for my liking. an hour.
antagonism B: Oh, not quite. Here comes the train now.
n.对抗，敌对，对立 apt
a.1.易于，有(做某事的)倾向 ；2.恰当的，适宜的 ；3.聪明的，反应敏捷的
A: Is that insect dangerous?
B: Only if you touch it’s antenna. A: Did you get into the university course that you applied for?
antenna B: Well, I have to pass an aptitude test first, and then if I am successful I will be admitted.
n.1.触角，触须 ；2.天线 aptitude
n.(学习方面的)才能，资质，天资
A: My grandfather went missing in South America while conducting a research project.
B: Was he an anthropologist or a scientist? A: That is a beautiful bridge.
anthropologist B: Yes, it’s in the shape of an arc.
n.人类学家，人类学者 arc
n.1. 弧形(物) ；2.弧 ；3.电弧，弧光
A: Do you know the antonym of “fast”?
B: Yes, “slow”. It was the opposite meaning of “fast”. A: The new town hall is now completed.
antonym B: Yes, I saw it , and the front arches look really beautiful.
n.反义词 arch
n.拱，拱门，拱形(结构)
A: Would you like to come to the zoo with me ?
v.(使)成拱形
B: So long as we can visit the ape compound.
a.调皮的，淘气的
ape
n.猿 A: I am very interested in buried ruins and treasures.
vt.模仿 B: You should study archaeology.
archaeology
A: I was appalled by the state of the living conditions of the poorer people in the region.
n.考古学
B: Yes, but the government is doing their best to help the situation.
appall A: It is my ardent wish to travel around the world.
vt.使惊骇，使大吃一惊 B: You better start saving your money now.
ardent
A: Can you help me with my science experiment?
a.热心的，热情的，热烈的
B: So long as you have the necessary apparatus and it is not dangerous.
apparatus A: The concert will take place in the main arena .
n.1.器械，器具，仪器 ；2.机构，组织 B: Wow, it will be huge. I know it can hold 30,000 people.
arena
A: Did you enjoy the meal?
n.1.表演场地，竞技场 ；2.活动场所
B: Yes, thanks. And it certainly appeased my hunger.
appease A: Mr. Smith was an aristocrat and owned a large piece of land in the south of the country.
vt.平息，抚慰姑息 B: Does that mean that he was also very wealthy?
4aristocrat A: Is that a donkey or an ass ?
n.贵族 B: Neither, it is a small horse.
ass
A: I dreamt last night that a knight in shining armor rescued me from a burning tower.
n.1.笨蛋，傻瓜 ;2.驴
B: Let me guess the ending, you woke up before you had a chance to fall in love!
armor A: Did you hear that there was an attempted assassination on the president?
n.盔甲，装甲，保护物 B: Yes, but it was not true, somebody was spreading rumours.
assassination
A: The new shopping centre has a vast array of interesting products.
n.刺杀，暗杀
B: Yes, but they are far too expensive.
array A: We were warned about the risk of assault in the city.
n.1.展示，陈列，一系列 ；2.排列，队形 ；3.衣服，盛装 ；4.数组，阵列 B: Good, it is always better to be aware of the dangers.
vt.1.排列，配置(兵力) ；2.打扮，装饰 assault
vt.(武力或口头上的)攻击，袭击
A: Why did you break up with your first boyfriend?
B: He was too arrogant and never listen to me. A: He asserted his points strongly during the debate.
arrogant B: Why didn’t he win it then?
a.傲慢的，自大的 assert
vt.1.肯定地说，断言 2.维护，坚持
A: I heard that Ted was arrested for arson . A: I think that guy is too rude.
B: Yeah, he set the local school on fire. B: Really, I think he is just trying to assert himself .
arson assert oneself
n.纵火(罪) 坚持自己的权利，显示自己的权威
A: Don’t eat so many fatty foods, they will block your arteries . A: I think that the new student has assimilated well into his new environment.
B: But they are the foods that I like the best. B: Perhaps, but he does not seem to have many friends.
artery assimilate
n.1.动脉 ；2.干线，要道 vt. 1.吸收，消化；2.使同化
vi. 1.被吸收，被消化；2.被同化
A: I find Paul difficult to understand.
B: That is because he does not articulate his words very clearly. A: I gave Linda an assorted box of sweets for her birthday.
articulate B: Did you not know that chocolates were her favourite?
a.1.善于表达的，发音清晰的 ；2.表达得清楚有力的 assorted
vt.1.明确有力地表达；2.清晰地吐(字)，清晰地发(音) a. 1.各种各样的，混杂的，什锦的
A: The army has amassed a huge amount of artillery . A: I received assurances that I would get help.
B: Let’s hope they don’t have to use it. B: And did they come through?
artillery assurance
n.1.火炮，大炮 ；2.炮兵(部队) n. 1.把握，信心；2.保证，表示保证（或鼓励、安慰）的话；3.（人寿）保险
A: Do you think that we ascend into heaven when we die? A: I am not able to run fast because I suffer from asthma .
B: I am not sure. I am still undecided. B: Don’t worry, I can’t run fast either because I am unfit!
ascend asthma
vi.渐渐上升，升高 n. 气喘，哮喘
vt.攀登，登上
A: It is my dream to be an astronaut one day.
A: I couldn’t ascertain whether he was joking or serious. B: I too would love to see the earth from space.
B: Don’t worry, he has a strange sense of humor. astronaut
ascertain n. 宇航员
vt.查明，弄清，确定
A: I am going to visit the new astronomy research centre in town tonight, would you like to join me?
A: Your father ascribed beauty and intelligence to you. B: I’d love too, is there a good telescope to view the stars with?
B: Thanks for the compliment. astronomy
ascribe n. 天文学
vt.1.(to)把...归因于；2.把...归属于
A: They are closing down the local asylum .
A: The man’s body came ashore five days after he went missing from the ship. B: It is about time, the care facilities there were terrible.
B: Oh, how terrible, that must have been the one that was found on the beach yesterday. asylum
ashore n. 1.庇护，政治避难；2.精神病院
ad.在岸上，上岸
A: Do you have an atlas ? I want to check where and in which ocean the Tongan Islands are.
A: It is my aspiration to become a doctor. B: No, I don’t have one, but I think that they are in the Pacific.
B: Well, if you stick to your goals I am sure you can do it. atlas
aspiration n. 地图集
n.强烈的愿望，志向，抱负
A: Is attendance at the lecture absolutely necessary?
A: I do not think I have achieved enough yet. B: Well, if you want to get credit for this course it is.
B: Well, if you always aspire to do your best then you will not be unhappy. attendance
aspire n. 1.出席人数；2.出席，参加，出席次数；3.护理，照料
vi.渴望，追求，有志于
A: I lost my wallet at the cinema yesterday.
B: Did you ask the attendant on duty if it was found?
5attendant autonomous
n. 服务人员，侍者，随从 a. 1.自治的；2.独立自主的
a. 伴随的，随之而产生的
A: You are very independent.
A: The box of old photos that you are looking for is in the attic . B: My autonomy is protected by the law.
B: On the right or left hand side? autonomy
attic n. 1.自治，自治权；2.人身自由，自主权
n. 阁楼
A: Where you able to get through to the ticket office when you telephoned?
A: The auction will be held at 3pm on Saturday. B: I tried several times, but to no avail.
B: Good, I’d like to set a starting price of one hundred dollars for my table. avail
auction n. [一般用于否定句或疑问句中] 效用，利益，帮助
n./vt. 拍卖
A: What was the film about?
A: Even though I’m not registered in this department, will it be alright if I audit your classes? B: A guy trying to avenge the killing of his brother. It was quite violent.
B: It is fine with me, but it is best to check with the department first. avenge
audit vt. 1.为…复仇，报…之仇；2.(on)向…报仇
vt. 审计，检查（帐目）
A: Let’s turn left down the next road.
A: Are all the accounts from your business in order? B: Good idea, that way we can avert the traffic jam.
B: No, the auditor still needs to check them. avert
auditor vt. 1.防止，避免；2.转移（目光、注意力等）
n. 审计员，稽核员
A: I heard that the national aviation company owes a lot of money to the government.
A: Where will the classical concert be held? B: Well, it must be because of the price of new planes.
B: In the main auditorium aviation
auditorium n. 1.航空，航空学；2.飞机制造业
n. 1.观众席，听众席；2.礼堂，会堂
A: I was filled with awe when I watched the sun rise this morning.
A: He is suffering from an auditory infection. B: It is a shame that I missed it, I was still in bed.
B: I hope he recovers soon. awe
auditory n. 敬畏，惊惧
a. 听觉的，听觉器官的 vt. 使敬畏，使惊惧
be / stand in awe of 敬畏
A: My salary will be augmented with the aid of extra hours.
B: Great, but don’t work too hard. A: At what speed does the earth spin on its axis ?
augment B: I am not quite sure, you should check in your textbook.
vt. 扩大，增加，提高 axis
n. 1.轴，轴线，中心线；2.坐标轴，基准线
A: I attended a memorial service last night.
B: It must have a very austere occasion. B
austere A: My brother got married last year.
a. 1.朴素的，无装饰的；2.严峻的，一丝不苟的；3.十分简朴的，苦行的 B: That surprises me, I thought that he would remain a bachelor for the rest of his life.
bachelor
A: Are you jeans authentic ? n. 1.单身男士，单身汉; 2.学士,学士学位
B: No, they are just cheap copies of the original brand.
authentic A: That is a nice badge that you are wearing.
a. 1.真的，真正的；2.可靠的，可信的 B: Thanks, I bought it at the market this morning.
badge
A: John has such an authoritative voice. It is frightening. n. 1.徽章，证章； 2.标记，标志; 3.象征
B: I find him scary at times also.
authoritative A: Would you like have a game of badminton with me this evening?
a. 1.权威性的，可信的；2.专断的，命令式的 B: Sorry, but I only play football.
badminton
A: Stop! You are not authorized to enter this section of the building. n. 羽毛球运动
B: Oh, I’m sorry, I didn’t realize that I needed special permission.
authorize A: Did you enjoy the film?
vt. 授权，批准 B: Yeah, but I was baffled by the plot.
baffle
A: What are you reading? vt. 使困惑，难住
B: Nelson Mandela’s autobiography , I highly recommend it.
autobiography A: Was the criminal released from jail?
n. 自传 B: Yes, but only on bail.
bail
A: Is that dog over there real? n. 1.保释金； 2.准许保释
B: No, I think that it is just an automation vt. 1.(out) 保释，帮助脱离困境; 2.用桶(从船里)舀水
automation
n. 自动化（技术），自动操作 A: I caught four fish, big ones.
B: You must have been using good bait.
A: I am moving to an autonomous region of the country. bait
B: Gosh, that will be an interesting experience. n. 1.(钓鱼等用的)饵,诱饵; 诱惑物，引诱物
vt.1.装饵于,故意激怒
6A: that man looks very young to be going bald. v. 起哄，喝倒彩
B: Yeah, he looks no more than twenty five. n. [pl.] 兵营，营房
bald
a. 1.秃头的，秃的; 2.(织物,轮胎等)磨光的; 3.明显的，不加掩饰的 A: These fields are so barren I am amazed that even grass can grow on them.
B: It can just about, but it has difficulty.
A: Have you ever been to the ballet? barren
B: Yes, but I always prefer the theatre. a. 1.(土地等)贫瘠的，荒芜的; 2.不结果实的，不(生)育的; 3.无益的，没有结果的
ballet
n. 1.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧; 2.芭蕾舞用 A: My little brother has barricaded himself into his bedroom and refused to come out.
B: Don’t worry, when he gets hungry he will come out.
A: The voting for the president was done by the secret ballot.
B: It must have been very fair then. A: The old town walls were initially built as barricades to keep the enemy out.
ballot B: It is a shame that they have been so badly damaged!
n. 1.投票表决(或选举); 2.选票; 3.投票总数 barricade
v. (使)投票表决 n. 路障，栅栏，障碍
vt. 设路障于,挡住
A: This meal is delicious, is there a secret ingredient?
B: Not really, except I used lots of bamboo shoots.
bamboo
A: Do you have a basement in your house?
n. 竹,竹子
B: Yes, but we only use it for storage.
basement
A: Help! I am bleeding. n. 地下室
B: Here, use my scarf as a bandage.
A: This music is terrible.
A: I was not able to bandage your wound properly. B: I think that it is just because the bass is too loud.
B: It is alright, so long as the bleeding has stopped. bass
bandage n. 1.男低音,低声部,低音乐器; 2.鲈鱼
n. 绷带
vt. 用绷带绑扎
A: I once read a book about an unwanted bastard child that was left to grow up alone in a forest.
B: I think that I may have read that one also.
A: This film is stupid. bastard
B: Really, you usually one the ones about bandits and cowboys. n. 1.坏蛋，混蛋; 2.私生子
bandit
n. 强盗，土匪，歹徒
A: There is a wonderful smell coming from the kitchen.
B: I am glad that you like it, I have just made a batch of biscuits.
A: I can’t banish my girlfriend from my dreams. batch
B: It must be love then. n. 1.一批,一组,一群; 2.一批生产量
banish
vt. 1.放逐，驱逐;2.消除，排除
A: The woman was horribly battered by her husband.
B: How awful, I hope that she left him
A: My university is putting on an huge banquet for my graduation.
B: Sounds wonderful, can I come?
A: Do you like pancakes?
banquet
B: No, and nothing else that is made out of batter.
n. 宴会，盛宴
batter
v. 连续猛击
A: The weather is wonderful, let’s have a barbecue. n. (用鸡蛋,牛奶等调制的)面糊
B: You go ahead, I have already had my dinner.
barbecue
A: Where did you buy your necklace?
n. 1.金属烧烤; 2.烧烤野餐
B: Oh, I just bought the beads and made it myself.
vt. 在烤架上烧烤
bead
n. 1.小珠子; 2.(水,血,汗的)小滴
A: That is a very long boat in the canal.
B: It is one of the largest barges in the country.
A: I beckoned him to come, but he refused to move.
barge
B: Perhaps you were not polite enough.
n. 驳船
beckon
vi. (卤莽而笨拙地)猛撞,冲，闯
v. 示意,召唤
barge in 闯入,干预
A: Watch out, there is a beetle crawling under your leg.
A: This tea tastes strange.
B: Ah, I hate insects.
B: That is because it is made out of barley.
beetle
barley
n. 甲虫
n. 大麦
A: You should have telephoned me beforehand when you knew you were going to be late.
A: The barometer indicates that it is going to be raining tomorrow.
B: I am sorry, but my mobile phone is broken.
B: Oh, I never trust that old thing.
beforehand
barometer
ad. 预先，事先
n. 气压计,晴雨表
A: There is no need to bellow orders at me.
A: The barracks were burned down during the fighting.
B: Sorry, but I did not think that you would hear me unless I shouted.
B: Was anyone injured?
barrack
7A: The fire is going out. What should I do? n. 巨浪,如波涛滚滚向前之物(如浓烟,浓雾等)
B: Use the bellows to blow air onto it. vi. 翻腾，汹涌
bellow
vi. 1.咆哮，怒吼; 2.(公牛般地)吼叫 A: Please don’t throw your rubbish on the ground, there is a bin beside the door.
vt. 大声发出,大声喝道 B: Oh, sorry, I did not see it.
n. 1.喊声，咆哮; 2.[~ s]风箱 bin
n. 1.垃圾箱; 2.大贮藏箱
A: I have a pain in my belly.
B: Well, you should have bad breakfast. A: Oh, I wish I had brought my binoculars to the concert.
belly B: Yeah, the performers look so small from the back row.
n. 肚子,腹部 binoculars
n. 双筒望远镜
A: Thank you for the beautiful present, you are far too benevolent.
B: You are most welcome. Kindness is not a complaint. A: You have had such an interesting life, I would love to read your biography some day.
benevolent B: Oh, really. I hadn’t planned on writing one.
a. 仁慈的，善意的,慈善的 biography
n. 传记
A: The test results have come back and the lump was benign.
B: Thanks, Doctor. I was so worried. A: Last night was bizarre, it snowed when it should have been dry.
benign B: Well, it is difficult to predict the weather.
a. 1.善良的，慈祥的； 2.(肿瘤等)良性的,无危险的 bizarre
a. 奇形怪状的，怪诞的
A: I read in the newspaper that the city was besieged by unexpected attack.
B: Oh, I never trust the newspapers. A: Why did you steal the money?
besiege B: I was blackmailed into it.
vt. 1.围攻，围困; 2.围住，拥在…周围 blackmail
vt./n. 敲诈，勒索，要挟
A: I bestow this gift upon you as a sign of my gratitude and thanks.
B: You are too generous. A: My grandfather used to work with horses.
bestow B: Was he a blacksmith?
vt. 赠与,授予 blacksmith
n. 铁匠, 锻工
A: Why are you looking so upset?
B: My girlfriend has just betrayed me. A: Is there a toilet in this building? My bladder is about to burst.
betray B: Just down the hallway, on the right.
vt.1.背叛，出卖; 2.失信于,辜负; 3.泄露(秘密等); 4.(非故意地)暴露，显露
bladder
n 1.膀胱; 2.囊状物.
A: Would you like a hot beverage, Richard?
B: No thanks, Peter. I just had a coffee. A: The food that I cook is usually very bland.
beverage B: No, I think it is quite spicy actually.
n. 饮料 bland
a. 1.温和的, 无动于衷的; 2.(食物)清淡的，枯燥乏味的
A: I was bitten on the leg as I walked through the gate.
B: Did you not read the sign, “Beware of the Dog” ? A: The concert was incredible, the lead singer nearly blazed the house down with his energy.
beware B: Gosh, it sounds almost dangerous.
v. 谨防，当心 blaze
vi. 1.熊熊燃烧，着火; 2.发(强)光，放光彩; 3.迸发，爆发
A: Every time I look at the night sky I am bewildered by the stars. n. 1.火焰,烈火; 2.光辉，强烈(或眩目)的光; 3.迸发,爆发; 4.灿烂，炫耀
B: Me too, they are fascinating. blaze a trail 开拓道路，作先导
bewilder
vt. 使迷惑，使难住 A: Have you cleaned the bath yet?
B: No, sorry. I ran out of bleach.
A: It is difficult to write this article without being biased. bleach
B: Well, make sure you look at the issue from both sides before you start. n. 漂白剂
bias v. (使)变白,漂白
n. 偏见，偏心，偏袒
vt. 使有偏见 A: Winter is my favourite season.
B: Oh, winters are too bleak for me, I prefer autumn.
A: Now students, make sure you include a complete bibliography at the end of your work. bleak
B: But that takes so much time. a. 1.没有希望的，凄凉的; 2.荒凉的; 3.寒冷刺骨的
bibliography
n. 1.参考书目; 2.(有关某一专题的)书目 A: My grandmother used to bless herself every time she passes a church.
B: She must have been very religious.
A: Did you hear about the new bilateral agreement between Russia and France? bless
B: No, not yet, I have not listened to the news today. vt. 1.(with) 使有幸得到，使具有; 2.为…祈神赐福(或保佑)
bilateral
a. 双边的，双方的 A: Did you have a good crop of potatoes this year?
B: Unfortunately not, they were hit by blight.
A: Did anyone call the fire brigade when the fire was detected? blight
B: yes, but when they arrived it was too late, the smoke was already billowing out of the windows. n. 1.(植物等)枯萎病; 2.造成破坏(或损坏)的因素
billow vt. 破坏，摧残
8A: I blinked and missed the town. It was so small. blush
B: Drive more slowly then! vi./n. 脸红
A: With each blink I get older. A: Are there any bogs in your country?
B: Well, I am sorry, but I can not do anything to stop time passing. B: Yes, plenty, particularly in the west, where it is very wet.
blink
vi. 1.眨眼睛； 2.闪亮,闪烁 A: Would you like to come to the cinema with me tonight?
n. 眨眼睛，一瞬间 B: Can we go next week, I’m bogged down at work at the moment.
on the blink (机器等)坏了，出故障 bog
n. 沼泽
A: Did anybody witness the accident? v. (down) 1.(使)陷入困境; 2.(使)陷入泥沼
B: Yes, a blonde was walking down the street.
blonde A: Family ties are the strongest form of bondage.
a. 金发的 B: I don’t agree, I am not very close to my parents.
n. 金发女子 bondage
n. 1.奴役；2.束缚
A: Zoe blossomed into a world class pianist.
B: She must have practiced very hard. A: You have worked so hard. We have decided to give you a bonus.
blossom B: Gosh, thanks!
n. (尤指果树的)花 bonus
vi. 1.(植物)开花; 2.(out, into)发展，长成 n. 1.奖金，红利; 2.额外给予的东西
in (full) blossom 正开着花
A: What type of work does your company do?
A: I think this artist is very talented. B: This booklet contains all the details that you will need.
B: I don’t . I think he just blots the paper with colour. booklet
blot n. 小册子
vt. 1.(用墨水等)弄脏; 2.(用吸墨纸)吸干
n. 污点，污渍
A: The tickets will be on sale at the booth on the right.
blot out 1.把…弄模糊，遮蔽; 2.完全清除(思想，记忆)
B: Great, I’ll be there when it opens at 8.
booth
A: We shall see the blueprints to start working on the building in September. n. 1.(隔开的)小房间,公用电话亭, 岗亭; 2.售货棚,货摊
B: OK, I shall get to work straight away.
blueprint
A: Is there a library in your town?
n. 蓝图，行动计划
B: No, I have to travel to the next borough.
borough
A: Did James tell you what happened yesterday? n. 自治城镇，(大城市的)行政区
B: Yes, but I am not sure if it was a lie of a bluff.
bluff
A: I like to hold my baby to my bosom.
v. 虚张声势,吓唬
B: It must be a very comfortable feeling.
n. 1.虚张声势；2.悬崖，峭壁
bosom
a. 直率的，坦率的，粗率的
n. 1.胸部，乳房； 2.胸怀，内心
call sb. bluff 要求某人摊牌，向某人挑战
A: There was so much food at dinner last night.
A: Oops, I’ve made a blunder.
B: Yes, what a bounty!
B: Don’t worry, we can fix it.
bounty
blunder
n.1.(由政府提供的)奖金，赏金; 2.慷慨，大方
n. (因无知,粗心等造成的)错误
vi. 1.跌跌撞撞地走，慌乱地走; 2.犯错误
A: Those flower are beautiful, who gave you the bouquet?
B: My mother, they were a birthday gift.
A: Do you not know how to cut bread?
bouquet
B: Of course I do, but this knife is blunt.
n. 1.花束; 2.(酒的)芳香
blunt
a. 1.钝的; 2.率直的，直言不讳的
vt. 1.使迟钝，使减弱; 2.使钝 A: Where do you live?
B: On the north side of the town, where the bourgeois tend to live.
bourgeois
A: Do you remember your first birthday?
a. 1.追求物质享受的；2.中产阶级的；3.资产阶级的
B: No, it is all a blur.
n. 1.追求物质享受的人; 2.中产阶级分子； 3.资产阶级分子
A: He blurred the corners of the picture to make it look old.
A: You are not looking very well at the moment.
B: He did a good job of it.
B: Yeah, I had a nasty bout of food poisoning last week.
blur
bout
n. 模糊，模糊的东西
n. 1.(疾病等的)侵袭，发作; 2.一次,一阵，一回; 3.拳击(或摔交)比赛
v. (使)变模糊
A: Doctor, I have been having some bowel problems lately.
A: Brian blurted out the answer before I even had a chance to think about it.
B: Well, sit down and I will see what I can do.
B: Yes, he is very smart.
bowel
blurt
n. 1.肠; 2.[pl.]内部，深处
vt. (out) 脱口而出
A: I enjoy bowling and usually play on Sunday afternoon.
A: You are very beautiful.
B: I’d love to join you next week.
B: Stop, you are making me blush.
9bowling A: I was offered a bribe to give my students better marks in their exams.
n. 保龄球运动 B: I hope that you did not accept it.
A: The students set up a boycott outside the school gates. B: Tell me, why did you break into the bank?
B: Why? What was the problem? B: I was bribed into it.
boycott bribe
vt./n. (联合)抵制,拒绝参与 vt. 向…行贿，买通
n. 贿赂，行贿物
A: I broke my leg and had to wear a brace for two months.
B: That must have been very painful. A: Where are the letter you were meant to post?
brace B: Oh, they are in my briefcase, but I left it at the office.
vt. 1.使防备，使受锻炼; 2.支住，撑牢; 3.使绷紧 briefcase
n. 支架,托架 n. 公文包,公事包
A: That is a beautiful bracelet that you are wearing. A: What was your childhood dream?
B: Thanks, it was my grandmother’s. B: To become a member of the fire brigade.
bracelet brigade
n. 手镯，臂镯 n. 1.旅(陆军编制单位); 2.队,组
A: Excuse me, sir, but should this sentence be put in brackets? A: The brim of your hat is covering your eyes.
B: No, they are not necessary. B: That is because I don’t want anyone to notice me.
brim
A: The bookshelves are falling down. n. 1.帽檐；2.(容器的)边,边缘
B: That is because you did not bracket them to the wall. vi. 注满，充溢
bracket brim over (with) 充满，洋溢
n. 1.括号; 2.(年龄，收入等的)等级段，档次; 3.壁架，托架
vt. 1.把…置于括号内; 2.把…归入同一类 A: I was on the brink of leaving my job, but decided to stay.
B: What changed your mind?
A: Billy is always bragging about his success. brink
B: Ah, he is still young, be patient with him. n. (悬崖，河流等的)边缘，边沿
brag on the brink of 濒临，处于…边缘
v. 自夸，吹嘘
A: Slow down, stop walking so fast!
A: Would you like a brandy? B: A brisk walk will be good for your health.
B: No, thanks. It is too early for a drink. brisk
brandy a. 1.轻快的，生气勃勃的; 2.兴隆的，繁忙活跃的; 3.寒冷而清新的
n. 白兰地酒
A: My paintbrush is too old to start the decorating.
A: What happened to Peter? I see that he broke his arm. B: I have one with better bristles if you want to borrow it.
B: Oh, he got into a brawl on the street last night. bristle
brawl n. 短而硬的毛发，刷子毛
n./vi. 争吵，打架 vi. 1.被激怒，怒发冲冠; 2.毛发(因惊惧等)直立
bristle with 密集，充满，被布满
A: Why are you home from work? It is early.
B: I could not stand it anymore and was forced to breach my contract. A: Don’t lean on the glass, it is very brittle.
breach B: Oops, sorry, it is too late.
n. 1.破坏，违反;2.(关系的)破裂，不和; 3. 缺口,裂口 brittle
vt. 1.攻破, 在…造成缺口; 2.破坏，违反 a. 1.易碎的，易损坏的；2.脆弱的，靠不住的; 3.冷淡的，不友好的; 4.(声音)尖厉的
A: Sorry I am late, there was a breakdown on the road. A: What place did you come in in the race?
B: Not to worry, the class has not started yet. B: Third. I won a bronze.
breakdown bronze
n. 1.垮台，破裂；2.(健康，精神等)衰竭，衰弱; 3.(机器等的)损坏，故障; 4分类 n. 1.青铜；2.青铜色，古铜色; 3.青铜(艺术)制品，铜牌
A: Finally, a breakthrough in my science experiment. A: This is a very complicated question, professor.
B: Great, all your hard work has finally paid off. B: Brood on it for a while and maybe you will find the solution.
breakthrough
n. 突破，突破性进展，重要的新发现 A: Are the hens sitting with their brood?
B: No, they seem to have neglected them.
A: Will you put the tea on to brew please? brood
B: Sure, in a few minutes. vi. 1.(on, over, about)沉思，考虑; 2.孵蛋
n. 1.(雏鸡等)一窝; 2.(一个家庭)全体孩子
A: After failing the exam he brewed for four days.
B: And is he feeling better now? A: If you walk up the east side of the mountain you will find a small brook where you can fill your bottles
with water.
B: Great, I’m really thirsty, but is the water safe to drink?
A: Is this a strong brew?
brook
B: No, it is fairly weak.
n. 小溪
brew
vt. [常用于否定句或疑问句]容忍，忍受
vt. 1.酿造（啤酒）; 2.冲泡(茶,咖啡等)
vi. 1.(茶,咖啡等)冲泡; 2.酝酿，行将发生
n. 冲泡(或酿造)的饮料 A: Where were you this afternoon?
B: In the bookshop, just browsing.
10browse A: There is a bug crawling over foot, watch out.
vi. 1.随意翻阅，浏览; 2. (牛，羊等)吃草 B: You could have warned me soon, I hate insects in any shape or form.
A: That is a nasty bruise. A: Go away, you are bugging me.
B: Yeah, I fell down the stairs last week and hit my head. B: Please, I just have one more question.
bug
A: He bruised me with his nasty comments. n. 1.虫子；2.小病,(机器等)故障,缺陷; 3.窃听器
B: Don’t listen to him then. vt.1.烦扰，纠缠；2.在…装窃听器
bruise
n. 1.青肿,挫伤; 2.(水果等的)伤痕，擦痕 A: I have bulges in all the wrong places.
vt. 1.打青，使受淤伤; 2.挫伤，伤害(感情等) B: Stop worrying about your weight, I think you are beautiful.
A: That was a brutal crime. A: Your bag is bulging, what have you got in it?
B: Yeah, there seems to be nothing but bad news these days. B: Far too much, it is too heavy.
brutal bulge
a. 1.野兽般的，残忍的; 2.无情的，冷酷的，难以忍受的 n. 膨胀，肿胀
vi. 1.膨胀，凸出,鼓起;2.塞满，装满
A: How much is the fare?
B: Just two bucks, it is only a short journey. A: Be careful, there is a bull in that field over there.
B: Oh, I am not afraid of him.
A: The horse bucked and kicked me in the face. bull
B: Ouch! Why were you standing behind him? n. 1.公牛，雄兽; 2.买进证券(或商品等)投机图利者, (对股市行情)看涨的人
A: Buck up, it is not the end of the world. A: Did you receive the bulletin I sent you?
B: Easier said then done. B: No, but I did not check my post today.
buck bulletin
n. 1.(一)美元，(一)澳元; 2.雄鹿,雄兔 n. 1.(报纸,电台等)简明新闻，最新消息; 2.公告,布告，公报; 3.学报，期刊(尤指某机构的机关刊物)
vi. (马等)猛然弓背跃起
buck up (使)振奋，(使)打起精神 A: Were you ever bullied in school?
B: Just once, but the teacher found out and put a quick stop to it.
A: I like your new shoes. bully
B: Thanks, but the buckles are too stiff at the moment. n. 恃强欺弱者
vt.威吓，欺负
A: What happed to your bicycle?
B: The wheel buckled when I hit a stone in the middle of the road. A: I must buy Time this week, there will be a bumper issue.
buckle B: It must be larger on account of the new year.
v. 1.用搭扣扣紧； 2.(使)变形，弯曲 bumper
n. 搭扣，扣环 n.(汽车上的)保险杠,缓冲器
buckle down 倾全力,开始认真从事 a.特大的，丰盛的
A: I am looking forward to the spring when the flowers will come into bud. A: Why do you always wear your hair in a bun?
B: Me too, it has been a long winter. B: Because I think it is very elegant.
bud bun
n. 叶芽,花蕾 n. 1.圆形的小面包或点心; 2.(女子的)圆发髻
vi. 发芽，萌芽
A: As a child I always wanted to sleep on the top bunk.
A: Do you think that the Buddhist way of life is the best? B: Me too, but so did my brother so we always argued.
B: I am not quite sure yet, I still need to think about it.
Buddhist A: Hey, will you do a bunk today?
n. 佛教徒 B: No, I am afraid that the teacher will find out.
a. 佛教的 bunk
n.1.(车，船等依壁而设的)铺位; 2.空话，废话
A: Have you ever seen a buffalo? do a bunk 匆忙逃走
B: No, but I would like to.
buffalo A: Typical bureaucracy, always too many forms to fill in.
n. 水牛，(北美)野牛 B: Be patient, you can not change the whole system straight away.
bureaucracy
A: He used his pillow as a buffer against the noise. n. 1.官僚主义,官僚作风; 2.政府机构，官僚
B: Why, did he have difficulty sleeping?
A: A burglar broke into our house last night and stole the TV.
A: The mirror needs a polish. B: My goodness, did the police catch him?
B: But I don’t have anything to buffer it with. burglar
buffer n. 窃贼，破门盗窃者
n. 1.起缓冲作用的人(或物); 2.缓冲器,减震器
vt. 缓冲，减轻 A: John’s sudden death was tragic.
B: I know, I would like to go to the burial to show my respect to his family.
A: Will there be any food at the party? burial
B: I heard that the hosts are providing a buffet. n. 葬,掩埋，葬礼
buffet
n. 1.(火车站的)饮食柜台，(火车内的)餐车 A: Did you spot where the rabbit just went?
vt. 反复敲打，连续猛击 B: Yeah, into his burrow by the tree.
11burrow vt. 妨碍，束缚，限制
vt. 1.挖掘(洞穴); 2钻进 n. （有盖的）大篮子
vi. 1.挖洞;2.翻寻
n. 地洞 A: Do you know when our summer holidays are from university?
B: I’m not sure of the dates, but if you look in the handbook they are printed on the second page.
A: He bust into the room and started shouting at me. handbook
B: Well, you should have locked the door. n. 手册，便览
bust
vt. 打破，打碎 A: Your injury must have been a severe handicap.
vi. 爆裂,坏掉 B: At the time it was, but now I have adapted.
n. 1.胸像，半身像; 2.胸部,胸围 handicap
n. １．（身体或智力方面的）缺陷；２．障碍，不利条件
A: I hate going into the city at the weekend. vt. 妨碍，使不利
B: I agree, too much bustle and people.
bustle A: There was a case of harassment in my workplace.
vi. 闹哄哄地忙乱，奔忙 B: Sounds serious. What was the outcome?
n. 1.忙乱，喧扰; 2.裙撑，衬垫 harassment
n. １．骚扰，扰乱；２烦恼，烦乱
A: Could you please put your cigarette butt into the ashtray rather than on the floor?
B: Sorry, I did not realize it would bother you. A: Will I be able to leave these plants outdoors during the winter?
butt B: Yes, they are hardy and will survive the cold weather.
n. 1.笑柄；2.烟蒂；3.枪托; 4.大酒桶,大水桶; 5.臀部 hardy
v. 用头撞或顶 a. １．能吃苦耐劳的，坚强的；２．（植物等）耐寒的
butt in 插嘴，插手，干涉
A: Do you play any musical instruments?
A: There is a wonderful atmosphere at this party. B: Yes, I play the harp.
B: Yes, there is a great buzz. harp
n. 竖琴
A: What is that annoying noise? vi. (on, upon) 唠叨，喋喋不休地说
B: My alarm clock buzzing. I forgot to switch it off.
buzz A: That was a hasty retreat he made from the room.
vi. 1.发出嗡嗡声; 2.(around, about)忙乱，急行; 3.发出嘈杂的谈话声 B: I don’t think that he wanted to be here.
n. 1.嗡嗡声; 2.嘈杂的谈话声 hasty
a. １．草率的，轻率的；２．急速的，匆忙的，仓促完成的
A: The local government wants to build a bypass to direct traffic away from our town.
B: That will be bad for business in the town. What do the locals think about it? A: Have the chicks hatched yet?
bypass B: No, perhaps they will in a couple more days.
n. 1.(绕过市镇的)旁道,迂回道; 2.分流术,旁通管 hatch
vt. 1.绕过，绕…走; 2.越过，置…于不顾 vt. １．孵出，孵；２．筹划，图谋，策划
vi. (out)（小鸡等）出壳，孵出
H n. １．（飞机等的）舱门；２．（门等的）开口；３．孵化
A: I think we have an obligation to protect our natural habitat. A: I had to haul the coal indoor every day during the winter when I was a child.
B: I agree. That is why I promote recycling. B: Oh you poor thing, what a hard life!
habitat haul
n. （动物的）栖息地，住 处 vt. １．（用力）拖，拉；２．（用车等）托运，运送
n. １．拖，拉，拖运；２．一次获得（或偷得等）的数量
A: How did he get your personal details?
B: He hacked into my computer and stole them. A: I heard that your house is haunted, how scary.
hack B: I’m not afraid of ghosts.
vt. １．劈，砍；２．骑（马）缓行 haunt
vi. １．劈，砍；２．开出租车；３．骑马缓行 vt. １．（鬼魂等）长出没于；２．使苦恼，使担忧；３．（思想，回忆等）萦绕在心头，缠绕
n. １．蹩脚文人，雇佣文人；２．出租车，出租车司机；３．劈，砍；４．骑用马，供出租的马 n. 常去的地方
hack into 私自存取或篡改（他人电脑资料）
hack through 在．．．中开路
A: The countryside offers me a welcome haven from city life.
B: Yes, it is necessary to get some clean and fresh air every once and a while.
A: Is it snowing? haven
B: No, I think it is hail. n. 安全的地方，避难所，庇护所
hail
n. １．雹；２．一阵
A: There was havoc in the country when news of the war broke out.
vi. 下雹
B: I am not surprised.
vt. １．招呼，高呼；２．热情赞扬，为．．．喝彩
havoc
hail from 来自，出生于
n. 大破坏，大毁坏
play havoc with 毁坏，扰乱
A: Would you like to have a hamburger?
B: No thanks. I’m a vegetarian.
A: That is a very large bird in the sky.
hamburger
B: I think it is a type of hawk.
n. １．汉堡包；２．牛肉糜
hawk
n. １．鹰；２．（主战或主张强硬路线的）＂鹰派＂人物
A: I won a hamper in the raffle. vt. 叫卖，兜售
B: Well done. Can I have a share of your winnings!
hamper
12A: Did you enjoy your drive? A: The heroine of this play I think has the strongest role.
B: Not really. There was haze and I could not see much out of the window. B: And the actress did a wonderful job performing it.
haze heroine
n. １．烟雾；２．懵懂，迷糊 n. １．女主角；２．女英雄
vi. (over) 变模糊，变朦胧
A: My new hairstyle is hideous.
A: Let’s sit around the hearth tonight and tell stories. B: No, it is not, it is just a bit different, that’s all.
B: Great idea, I’ll light the fire. hideous
hearth a. 极其丑陋的，难看的
n. 炉床，壁炉边
A: I dislike the hierarchy in my workplace.
A: I just bought 100 hectares of land. B: Yes, I agree. It is competitive and unfair.
B: That is a lot of land. What are you going to do with it? hierarchy
hectare n. １．等级制度；２．统治集团，领导层
n. 公顷
A: Did you hear that the place was hijacked by terrorists?
A: The policewoman’s talk heightened my awareness of the dangers in the city. B: Gosh, was anyone injured?
B: Yes, she gave an informed speech. hijack
heighten v. / n. 劫持（尤指动机）
v. （使）提高，加强
A: I’m going for a two-day hike over the weekend.
A: I am the sole heir to my father’s wealth. B: I’d love to join you if the weather is good.
B: Lucky you. It is shame that your father is not very wealthy! hike
heir n. １．徒步旅行；２．（数量，价格等）增加，上升
n. 继承人 vi. 徒步旅行
vt. 提高（价格等）
A: Why are you wearing that helmet?
B: I am pretending to be a firefighter! A: May I help you in the kitchen, Dad?
helmet B: No, you’ll hinder me, and I’ll be quicker by myself.
n. 头盔 hinder
vt. 阻碍，妨碍
A: Excuse me, but the hem on your skirt is showing.
B: Oh, thanks. I meant to sew it up this morning. A: The door hinges are making a lot of noise.
hem B: Oh, could you oil them for me please?
n. 贴边，镶边 hinge
vt. １．给．．．缝贴边；２．（in）包围，限制，约束 n. 铰链
hinge on/ upon 依．．．而定，以．．．为转移
A: Have you been to the Southern Hemisphere?
B: No, I have never even traveled outside of Europe. A: What is that noise in the grass?
hemisphere B: I think it is a snake hissing, be careful.
n. １．地球的半球；２．大脑半球 hiss
vi. １．发出嘶嘶声；２．发嘘声表示不满
A: Henceforth, I promise to work much harder. vt. （因不满）对．．．发嘘声
B: You promise that every year!
henceforth A: I want to be a famous historian when I grow up.
ad. 从今以后，从此以后 B: What aspect of history do you want to focus on?
historian
A: The trumpet blast heralded the news of the king’s arrival. n. 历史学家，史学工作者
B: And did the crowds gather after hearing it?
herald A: May I hitch a ride?
vt. １．预示．．．的来临（或发生）；２．宣布，欢呼 B: Sure, hop in, where do you want to go?
n. １．传令官，信使；２．预兆，先兆 hitch
vt. １．免费搭（车旅行）；２．（用绳，钩等）系住，栓住，钩住；３．(up) 急速提起（或拉起）
vi. 免费搭车旅行
A: This meal is very tasty.
n. １．故障，障碍；２．急提，急拉
B: Oh, that must be the herbs that I put into it.
herb
n. 药草，（调味用的）香草，草本植物 A: I just discovered a piece of information hitherto unknown.
B: Excellent, I hope it will help us solve the case.
hitherto
A: Do you agree that the position of the King should be hereditary?
ad. 到目前为止，迄今
B: Well, I am not really a supporter of the monarchy, so no.
hereditary
a. １．遗传的，遗传性的；２．可继承的，世袭的 A: I think there is going to be a food shortage.
B: Don’t worry, I have a hoard in a secret location.
hoard
A: The castle is an important site of our national heritage.
n. 贮藏，聚藏（物）
B: Then why is it in ruin?
v. (up) 贮藏，囤积
heritage
n. 遗产，继承物，传统
A: I’m hoarse, I can’t speak.
B: How did you lose your voice?
A: I have not seen you for days.
hoarse
B: I decided to become a hermit!
a. （声音）嘶哑的，粗哑的
hermit
n. 隐士，遁世者
13A: I’m going to play a game of hockey this afternoon, want to join in? howl
B: I won’t play, but I’ll watch. vi. / n. １．（狼，狗等）嗥叫，（风等）呼啸；２．（因愤怒，痛苦等）吼叫，哀号
hockey
n. １．曲棍球；２．冰上曲棍球，冰球 A: Ah, look at those chicks all huddling together.
B: Aren’t they sweet?
A: Have you seen the hoe? huddle
B: Not since the last time you were gardening. vi. １．聚集在一起，挤作一团；２．把身子蜷成一团，蜷缩
hoe vt. 使聚集在一起
n. 锄 n. 挤在一起的人，一堆杂乱的东西
v. 用锄整（地），用锄除草
A: The hue from the lights was golden.
A: They hoisted a flag in honour of our victory. B: Yes, they created a wonderful atmosphere in the room.
B: Indeed what an honour, but you deserved it. hue
hoist n. 色彩，色调
vt. 举起，升起，吊起 hue and cry １．大声抗议，呐喊；２．捉拿声
n. １．起重器械；２．举起，升起，吊起
A: He hugged the teddy bear for a feeling of security.
A: Stop! What is that under your coat? B: Why didn’t he hug you?
B: My gun and its holder. hug
holder vt. １．（热烈地）拥抱；２．紧抱，怀抱
n. １．持有者，占有者；２．支托物，夹具 vi. 紧抱在一起，互相拥抱
n. 紧抱，热烈拥抱
A: I’ve come to pay homage to you.
B: Why, I did nothing special. A: Can you hum along to this tune?
homage B: I would if I knew it, but I am afraid that I don’t .
n. 尊敬，敬意，崇敬 hum
vi. １．哼曲子；２．发嗡嗡声；３．(with)忙碌，活跃
A: There are not very many nationalities represented in my country. vt. 哼（曲子）
n. 嗡嗡声，营营声，嘈杂声
B: Yes, I agree, it is far too homogeneous.
homogeneous
a. 同种类的，同性质的，有相同特征的 A: What do you think is more beneficial to humanity, socks or shoes?
B: What type of a silly question is that!
A: Put up your hood , it is raining. humanity
B: I don’t have one , but I do have a umbrella. n. １．人类，［总称］人；２．人性；３．人道，博爱，仁慈；４．［pl.］人文学科
hood
n. １．风帽，兜帽；２．罩，排风罩；３．车盖，（折叠式）车篷 A: The humidity reached almost ninety five percent.
B: That is almost unbearable, you must have found it difficult.
A: There are hoof prints in the garden! humidity
B: Oh, I went horse riding in the morning. n. 湿度，潮湿，湿气
hoof
n. （马，牛等的）蹄 A: You humiliated me in front of my friends.
B: Sorry, please forgive me, I didn’t intend it.
A: Shall we take a taxi? humiliate
B: No, let’s just hop on a bus, it is only a short journey. vt. 使蒙羞，羞辱，使丢脸
hop
vi. １．（人）单足跳跃，单足跳行；２．（鸟，昆虫等）齐足跳跃，齐足跳行 A: Did you run in the race?
vt. 跳上（汽车，火车，飞机等） B: Yes, but I knocked down three hurdles and so came in last.
n. １．蹦跳；２．（飞机的）短程航行 hurdle
n. １．跳栏，栏架；２．障碍，困难
A: I was horrified by the tragic events. vi. 进行跨栏赛
B: Me too, they were shocking.
horrify A: Please do not hurl the rubbish across the room, children.
vt. 使震惊，使毛骨悚然 B: Sorry Miss, we won’t do it again.
hurl
A: There has been an increase in hostility between the two fighting nations. vt. １．猛投，力掷；２．大声叫骂
B: Yes, and I am afraid that it will soon get more serious.
hostility A: The winds were so strong that I thought it was a hurricane.
n. １．敌对，敌意，对抗；２．抵制，反对；３．［pl.］交战，战争 B: Was there any damage done?
hurricane
A: What type of dog is that ? n. 飓风
B: It is a hound .
hound A: I hushed the children up.
n. 猎犬 B: Good, they were making too much noise.
vt. 追逼，烦扰，纠缠 hush
v. （使）安静下来
A: The airplane hovered above the airport for ten minutes. n. 安静，寂静
B: It must have been waiting for space to land on the runway. bush up 防止．．．张扬出去，掩盖
hover
vi. １．（鸟等）翱翔，盘旋；２．逗留在近旁，徘徊；３．彷徨，犹豫 A: Do you like going into the city on the train?
B: No, there is too much noise and hustle.
A: I heard a lot of howling last night. hustle
B: Sorry, my dog wanted to come indoors. vt. １．推搡，猛推；２．竭力兜售或获取
14vi. １．竭力兜售或获取；２．催促，催赶 A: The new lights illuminate the room well.
n. 忙碌，奔忙 B: Yes, I had them specially designed.
illuminate
A: Universities are how hybrids of the academic and the business worlds. vt. １．照明，照亮；２．阐明，启发
B: I agree, and unfortunately the students often get neglected.
hybrid A: Is that you Helen or are you an illusion?
n. １．杂交生成的生物体，杂交植物（或动物）；２．混合物，合成物 B: Yes, it really is me and I haven’t seen you for years!
illusion
A: His hygiene standards are terrible. n. １．幻想，错误的观念；２．错觉，幻觉，假象
B: Yeah, I don’t think that he has the chance to wash very often.
hygiene A: Your essay was very imaginative but lacking detail>
n. 卫生，保健学 B: But you did say, Sir, that you wanted us to be creative.
imaginative
A: We will sing the hymn on page 100 of your books today. a. 富有想象力的，爱想象的
B: Oh, but we sang that one last week.
hymn A: Is that the real painting or just an imitation?
n. 赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌 B: No, it is just a copy.
imitation
A: My surname is Bailey Smith. n. １．模仿；２．仿制，仿制品；３．赝品
B: Is there hyphen between Bailey and Smith?
hyphen A: You are always immersed in a book.
n. 连字符，连（字）号 B: I love reading, I can’t help it.
immerse
A: His speech was utter hypocrisy. vt. １．使沉浸；２．(in)使沉浸在，使专心于
B: I agree, it was very unreasonable.
hypocrisy A: My departure will be imminent.
n. 伪善，虚伪 B: Then why are you still standing here!
imminent
A: Before we do the experiment, we have to form an hypothesis. a. 即将发生的，临近的，逼近的
B: Do you have any suggestions?
hypothesis A: My grandfather is so old that he thinks that he in immortal.
n. 假说，假设，前提 B: Well, maybe he is!
immortal
A: The comedy show was hysterical. a. １．长生的，不死的；２．不朽的，流芳百世的
B: Oh, but I did not find it to be particularly funny. n. １．神仙；２．不朽人物
hysterical
a. 情绪异常激动的，歇斯底里般的 A: Try not to get ill.
B: Don’t worry, I am immune to disease!
I immune
a. １，免疫的，有免疫力的；２．(to)不受影响的；３．(from)免除的，豁免的
A: I need to see some identification before I can let you in.
B: But I’m not carrying any. A: Your sight will be impaired if you sit that close to the TV.
identification B: I think it is too late, why do you think I have to sit this close!
n. １．身份证明；２．鉴定，验明，认出；３． 认同 impair
vt. 损害，损伤，削弱
A: My ideologies and ideas about life have changed over the years.
B: That is natural, it is called growing up! A: As a teacher it is my job to impart knowledge.
ideology B: You have a very responsible job.
n. 思想（体系），思想意识 impart
vt. １．告知，透露；２．赋予，给予
A: I’m up the creek without a paddle.
B: Stop talking in idiom! A: Now, it is imperative that you listen to my instructions.
idiom B: What will happen if we don’t!
n. １．习语，成语；２．（在艺术等方面所表现的）风格，特色 imperative
a. １．必要的，紧急的，极重要的；２．命令的
A: I lost your wallet, I’m sorry. n. １．必要的事，必须完成的事；２．祈使语气（的动词）
B: You idiot, you are always misplacing things.
idiot A: The imperial ship set sail for India in 1843.
n. 白痴，傻子，笨蛋 B: What was the aim of the voyage?
imperial
A: Madonna is my idol. a. １．帝国的，帝王的；２．专横的，傲慢的；３．（度量衡）英制的
B: And you are mine!
idol A: I am going to Canada tomorrow. I decided today.
n. １．偶像，受崇拜的人或物；２．神像 B: That was an impetus decision.
impetus
A: The fire was ignited by an accident. n. １．推动，促进，刺激；２．推动力
B: Are you sure that it was not arson?
ignite A: Do you think I will be able to do the job?
vt. 点燃，引发 B: Absolutely, you have my implicit confidence.
vi. 着火 implicit
a. １．不言明的，含蓄的；２．(in)内含的，固有的；３．无疑问的，无保留的
15A: I bought my car on impulse. A: Is your accent indicative of your region?
B: And do you regret it now? B: Yes, I think that I speak in a fairly typical way.
impulse indicative
n. １．冲动，一时的念头；２．推动，驱使；３．脉冲 a. １．(of) 标示的，指示的，象征的；２．陈述的，直陈的
on impulse 一时冲动，一时心血来潮 n. 陈述语气
A: The priest will be inaugurated on Saturday. A: Paul tends to indict everyone that disagrees with him.
B: Is that meant to be a sad or happy occasion? B: I disagree!
inaugurate indict
vt. １．开始，开展；２．为．．．举行就职典礼，使正式就任；３．为．．．举行开幕式，为．．．举行落成仪式 vt. 控告，起诉，告发
A: What is the strong smell in the room? A: The unjust situation filled me with indignation.
B: Oh, I am burning some incense. B: I would not have been pleased either.
incense indignation
n. 香，焚香时的烟（或香气） n. 愤怒，愤慨，义愤
vt. 激怒，使愤怒
A: I am having difficulty sleeping at night.
A: I will give you a bonus as an incentive to do more work. B: I hear that warm milk helps to induce sleep.
B: But I don’t have time to do more work. induce
incentive vt. １．引诱，劝；２．引起，导致
n. 刺激，鼓励
A: I have eaten so much.
A: Stop with your incessant moaning. B: But it is your birthday, you are allowed to indulge once a year!
B: But you won’t listen to me otherwise. indulge
incessant vt. １．使（自己）沉溺于，满足（自己的欲望等）；２．纵容，迁就
a. 不停的，连续不断的 vi. (in) 沉溺，纵容自己，肆意从事
A: The incident tool place at 8 pm on Saturday. A: There was a feeling of inertia and inactivity when I entered the room.
B: We will need to look for witnesses to the crime. B: That is because every one was sleeping!
incident inertia
n. 突然事件 vt. １．不活动，惰性；２．惯性
A: Incidentally, are you free on Friday? A: Johannesburg in South Africa has an infamous reputation.
B: I’m afraid not, why , what did you have planned? B: Yes, I have heard that there is very high crime rate.
incidentally infamous
ad. 顺便说及地，顺便提一句 a. １．声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的；２．邪恶的，无耻的
A: The President was trying to incite the masses into action. A: The infantry fired several shots into the air.
B: Do you think that the population will respond? B: I hope it was just as a warning to the enemy.
incite infantry
vt. 煽动，鼓动 n. ［总称］步兵（部队）
A: I would like to have Monday to Friday off inclusively. A: Doctor, I have a terrible cough.
B: Do you mean each week? B: I’m afraid that you have a serious chest infection.
inclusive infection
a. １．包括一切的，包括一切费用在内的；２．所有数目（或首末日期）包括在内的 n. １．传染病；２．传染，传播，感染
A: If we incorporate your ideas with mine, I think we will have a splendid plan. A: Is my disease infectious, Doctor?
B: Sounds good to me. B: No, you can not pass it on to others, but you still need to be careful.
incorporate infectious
vt. １．包含，加上，吸收；２．把．．．合并，使并入 a. １．传染的，有传染性的；２．有感染力的
A: It is incumbent upon you to follow my orders. A: Can you help me inflate this balloon?
B: Why, what gives you the authority to say such? B: I’m not sure if I have enough air in my lungs for that!
incumbent inflate
a. １．成为责任的，有义务的；２．现任的，在职的 vt. １．使充气，使膨胀；２．使得意，使骄傲；３．抬高（物价），使（通货）膨胀
n. 现任者，在职者
A: Why are you a vegetarian?
A: I need you to go on a business trip. Naturally we will reimburse you for all expenses that you incur. B: I don’t want to inflict harm on animals.
B: Sure, when and where would you like me to go? inflict
incur vt. (on, upon) 把．．．强加给，使遭受，使承担
vt. 招致，遭受，引起
A: How can your camera take picture in the dark?
A: I will be eternally indebted to my parents for giving me an education. B: It has an infrared light to help it focus.
B: Yes, you are lucky, they have been very supportive. infrared
indebted a. 红外线的
a. 感激的，受惠的，蒙恩的
A: The roads and railways in my country are terrible.
A: When will you return? B: Yes, the government needs to develop the infrastructure.
B: I’m not sure, I’m going away for an indefinite length of time. infrastructure
indefinite n. 基础结构，基础设施
a. １．无限期的；２．不明确的，含糊的
16A: I think I will take the day off work> A: I would love to sail around the world alone.
B: What an ingenious idea! B: You must be insane.
ingenious insane
a. １．（物件等）设计独特的，（方法等）别致的，巧妙的；２．（人，头脑）灵巧的，关于创造发明的 a. １．蠢极的，荒唐的；２．（患）精神病的，精神失常的，疯狂的
A: Di VInchi was a painter and designer of great ingenuity. A: Can you read the inscription in the book to me?
B: Yes, he was certainly very talented. B: Sorry, I don’t have my glasses and the lettering it too small.
ingenuity inscription
n. 独创性，巧妙 n. 铭文，碑文，题字
A: I would love to inhabit a small tropical island. A: You are looking tired.
B: Alone? Would you not get lonely? B: Yes, I am suffering from insomnia.
inhabit insomnia
vt. 居住于，（动物）栖居于 n. 失眠（症）
A: Please inhale the sweet fragrance from the flowers. A: You are an inspiration to me.
B: Sorry, my nose is blocked. B: You are quite amazing also!
inhale inspiration
v. 吸入（气体等），吸（烟） n. １．灵感；２．鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
A: There are certain facts inherent in the situation that I am unable to understand. A: Did you buy your car with cash?
B: Perhaps you need to spend some more time thinking about it then. B: No, I arranged that I will pay in monthly installments.
inherent installment
a. (in) 内在的，固有的，生来就有的 n. １．分期付款，分期交付；２．（分期连载的）部分
A: I was inhibited form entering the building. A: That medicine worked great.
B: Why were there barriers in your way? B: Yes, it had instantaneous results.
inhibit instantaneous
vt. 阻止，妨碍，抑制 a. 瞬间的，即刻的
A: I’d like to initiate a new project. A: What are the words to that song you were humming?
B: Sounds exciting, what are your plans? B: Oh, it was just an instrumental piece.
initiate instrumental
vt. １．开始，创始，发起；２．使初步了解；３．接纳（新成员），让．．．加入 a. １．(in)起作用的，有帮助的；２．用乐器演奏的
n. 新加入组织的人
A: My house is freezing in the winter.
A: I had to have the medicine injected directly into my veins. B: Perhaps you need to insulate it better.
B: Ouch! That sounds painful! insulate
inject vt. １．使绝缘，使隔热，使隔音；２．隔离，使隔绝（以免受到影响）
vt. １．注射（药液等），给．．．注射； ２．注入，引入，投入
A: Did the parcel arrive intact?
A: Do you live by the coast? B: Yes, there was no damage to it at all.
B: No, I live inland, about five hours from the sea. intact
inland a. 完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的
a. 内地的，内陆的
ad. 在内地（或内陆），向内地（或内陆） A: What is the annual intake of students into your school each year?
B: Oh, about 100 pupils join each year.
A: let’s go for a picnic. intake
B: Good idea, I know a small inlet where we spend the afternoon. n. １．吸入，纳入；２．进气口，入口
inlet
n. １．水湾，小湾；２．进口，入口 A: You played an integral part in the project, thanks for your help.
B: You are welcome, but I do not think that my assistance was that important.
A: The prison inmates were protesting because of their living conditions. integral
B: Yes, the prisoners have a hard time. a. 构成整体所必需的，基本的
inmate
n. （狱中的）囚徒，（精神病院等中的）被收容者 A: I admire your integrity.
B: Thanks, I think it is essential to stick to your principles.
A: You are such a good pianist, it must be innate. integrity
B: No, the prisoners have a hard time. n. １．正直，诚实，诚恳；２．完整，完全，完善
innate
n. 天生的，固有的，天赋的 A: My intellect is the most important aspect of my mind.
A: And you certainly use your well.
A: I’m going to an exhibition of modern innovations this afternoon. intellect
B: Oh, can I come? I’m fascinated by new inventions. n. １．智力，理解力；２．才智非凡的人
innovation
n. １．新方法，新事物；２．革新，创新 A: Mark always holds intelligible conversation.
B: Yes, he is very smart.
A: There are innumerable reasons why I can’t marry you. intelligible
B: Surely there can not be that many . a. 可理解的，明白易懂的，清楚的
innumerable
a. 无数的，数不清的
17A: We could intensify the light in the room by painting the walls white. intoxicate
B: Or we could just add more lights. vt. １．使喝醉；２．使陶醉，使欣喜若狂
intensify
v. （使）增强，（使）加剧 A: The details in the painting are exceptionally intricate.
B: Yes, it must have taken a long time to complete.
A: I did not commit the crime with intent. intricate
B: But that will be impossible to prove in court. a. 错综复杂的，复杂精细的
intent
n. 意图，意向，目的 A: Did you enjoy the novel I lent you?
a. １．(on)专心的，转注的；２．(on)急切的 B: It was excellent, the plot was full of intrigue and mystery.
to all intents (and purposes) 几乎在一切方面，实际上 intrigue
vt. 激起．．．的好奇心（或兴趣），迷住
A: I need to interact with some new people. vi. 耍阴谋，施诡计
B: Good , but how are you going to meet them? n. 阴谋，诡计，密谋
interact
vi. 相互作用，相互影响 A: I found a piece of evidence that is intrinsic to our case.
B: Gosh, why did we not realize it sooner?
A: I think our post has been intercepted. intrinsic
B: Why, were the letters open when they arrived? a. 固有的，本质的，内在的
intercept
vt. 拦截，截住，截击 A: I don’t mean to intrude, but can I join your conversation?
B: Don’t worry, you are not interrupting anything private.
A: The conference facilitated intercourse with many groups of people. intrude
B: I hope that you had some interesting and productive conversations. vi. 侵入，侵扰，打扰
intercourse
n. １．性交；２．交流，交往，交际 A: My intuition told me that he is bad news.
B: Yes, I never trusted him either.
A: What do you study in college? intuition
B: The interface between humans and computers n. 直觉
interface
n. １．接口；２．界面，交接处 A: I am afraid this is the only piece of identification that I have.
v. 互相作用（或影响，联系），互相配合工作 B: But it is out of date which makes it invalid.
invalid
A: We have to submit an interim report by the end of the month. a. １．（指法律上）无效的，作废的；２．无可靠根据的，站不住脚的
B: And when will the official one have to be completed? n. （需要有人照顾的）病弱者，残疾者
interim
a. 暂时的，临时的 A: Your help was invaluable to me, thanks.
n. 间歇，过度期间 B: Don’t mention it, it was my pleasure.
in the interim 在其间 invaluable
a. 非常宝贵的，极为贵重的，无价的
A: May I offer an interjection into the argument?
B: No, the debate must continue without disruption. A: Invariably the car broke down on the way to my exam.
interjection B: Typical! What did you do?
n. １．感叹词；２．（突然的）插入 invariably
ad. 不变地，始终如一地，总是
A: How was the weather on your holiday?
B: Apart form the intermittent rain, it was fine. A: I would like to have an inventory of all the furniture in the house before I move in.
intermittent B: Certainly, that can be arranged.
a. 间歇的，断断续续的 inventory
n. 详细目录，存货清单
A: Turn left at the next intersection. make inventory 清查存货，存货盘存；调查；评价
B: I thought we have to turn right.
intersection A: I can’t get the lid off this jar, Mum.
n. １．横断，交叉；２．道路交叉口，交点 B: Try inverting it and then bang the jar on the floor.
invert
A: My parents are always arguing. vt. 使倒转，使倒置，使颠倒
B: Is there anything you can do to intervene?
intervene A: Ironically, I missed the plane even though I was at the airport two hours in advance.
vi. １干涉，干预；２．干扰，阻挠 B: I call that unlucky!
ironically
A: I am planning an intervention into the affairs of my neighbours. ad. １．具有讽刺意味地；２．嘲讽地，挖苦地
B: Why are you so interested in what they are doing ?
intervention A: Do you think Jack is a good comedian?
n. 介入，干涉，干预 B: No, he relies too heavily on irony.
irony
A: Jane is always so outspoken. n. １．反语，冷嘲；２．具有讽刺意味的事，嘲弄
B: But don’t be intimidated by her.
intimidate A: Irrespective of the weather, I think we should still go sailing.
vt. 恐吓，威胁 B: But what if there is a thunder storm?
irrespective
A: He was completely intoxicated after coming home from the pub last night. a. (of) 不考虑的，不顾及的
B: Yes, I knew he had a lot to drink.
18A: Despite the dry weather, I am amazed at how many crops the farmers are growing. A: What would you like for your birthday?
B: That is because they have developed an extensive and efficient irrigation system. B: Some new jewellery would be nice, maybe a necklace.
irrigation jewellery
n. 灌溉 n. 珠宝，首饰
A: My little sister always irritates me. A: You’re so small you would make an excellent jockey .
B: Mine is also very annoying. B: Oh, I don’t like horse riding.
irritate jockey
vt. １．使恼怒，使烦躁；２．使（身体某部分）不适，使疼痛 n. 1。骑师；2。[美俚]驾驶员，（机器等的）操作手
vi. (for) 谋取
A: Is Iran a Christian country? vt. 劝说，诱使
B: No, it is Islamic.
Islamic A: I go for a short jog around the lake every night.
a. 伊斯兰教的，伊斯兰教信徒的 B: You must be very fit.
jog
A: The isle where we camped was just one hour by boat off shore. v. / n. 1。慢跑；2。（尤指不正当地）轻轻碰撞
B: Were there any inhabitants on it? jog sb.’s memory 唤起某人的记忆
isle
n. 小岛，岛 A: Mr. Smith has a jolly sense of humour,
B: Yes, I have always found him to be very pleasant.
A: I’m itching to travel. jolly
B: Perhaps you can go away following your studies. a. 快乐的，高兴的，愉快的
itch ad. 很，非常
vi. １．痒，发痒；２．渴望，热望 vt. 劝服，哄
vt. 使发痒
A: Was the car damaged in the accident?
A: Your necklace is very unusual. B: No, it just got a slight jolt . There was no damage done.
B: That’s because it is made out of ivory. jolt
ivory vt. 1。使颠簸，使摇晃；2。使震惊
n. １．象牙；２．象牙色，乳白色 vi. 颠簸，摇晃
n. 1。震动，摇动，颠簸；2。震惊
A: I need to cut back the ivy from my windows.
B: Yes, it tends to grow at a rapid rate. A: The judicial proceedings will take place after all the evidence has been collected.
ivy B: How long do you think that will take?
n. 常春藤 judicial
a. 1。司法的，法庭的，审判的；2。明断的，公正的
J
A: Shall I pour the milk into a jug ?
A: I need to change the wheel of my car, I have a flat. B: Yes, if you can find a clean one!
B: I’ll help, do you have a jack ? jug
jack n. 1。大罐，壶；2。一大罐（壶）的容量
n. 千斤顶
vt. 1.用千斤顶顶起；2。停止，放弃；3。提高，增加 A: I’m trying to juggle two jobs at once.
B: That must be difficult, how do you manage?
A: What type of stone is your ring? juggle
B: It is jade , quite rare. v. 1。（用球等）玩杂耍；2。尽力应付，力图平衡；3。篡改（数字等）以图掩盖
jade
n. 1。玉，翡翠；2。浅绿（色） A: There is a jumbo edition of the magazine out this week.
B: Are you sure you will have time to read it?
A: Did you understand the article I gave you? jumbo
B: No, there was too much jargon and terms that I had not seen before. a. 特大的，巨型的
jargon n. 大型喷气式飞机
n. 术语，行话
A: The traffic lights on the main junction are out this week.
A: I’m going to rent a jeep for the weekend and drive to the mountains. B: Are you sure you will have time to read it ?
B: Great idea, can I come? junction
jeep n. 联结点，（道路等的）会合点，枢纽
n. 吉普车
A: What are you doing in your room?
A: No, I’m not going to cheat on the exam. B: I’m trying to clear it of all the junk I have collected over the years.
B: Good, there is no point in jeopardising your degree. junk
jeopardise n. 废旧物品，破烂
vt. 危机，损害 vt. 丢弃，废弃
A: You nearly hit Andrew on the head. A: What are you doing in this part of town?
B: Good thing that he jerked just in time to miss it. B: Sir, it is my new jurisdiction .
jerk jurisdiction
vt. 使猝然一动，猛拉 n. 1。司法权，审判权，裁判权；2。权力，管辖权； 3。权限，管辖范围
vi. 猝然一动
n. 急推，急拉，急扭 A: Sorry, Sir, my dog ate my homework.
B: That is not adequate justification for being late again.
19justification lame
n. 正当的理由，借口 a. １．跛的，瘸的；２．站不住脚的，差劲的，蹩脚的
A: John was taken to the juvenile court for the hearing. A: I am lamenting the loss of my dear friend.
B: Oh, that is right he is only 14 and too young to be on trial in the central court. B: Goodness, what happened to him?
juvenile lament
a. 1。少年的，少年特有的；2。幼稚的，不成熟的 vt. １．哀悼，痛惜；２．抱怨，为．．．而遗憾
n. 未成年人，少年 vi. 哀悼，悲痛
n. 挽歌，悼词
K
A: I am going to the lake to float some lanterns .
B: It would be best to wait until it is dark.
lantern
A: I dreamt I was kidnapped by a gang of thieves.
n. 灯笼，提灯
B: You were not dreaming!
kidnap
vt. 绑架，诱拐 A: I saw my father again after a lapse of twenty years.
B: That must have been an emotional meeting.
lapse
A: Doctor, I have a severe pain in my lower back.
n. １．失误，疏忽；２．（时间的）流逝，间隔；３．（兴趣等的）减少，（信心的）丧失；４．陷入（或进入）（某种状态）(into)
B: It may be your kidneys , let me check.
vi. １．终止，失效；２．(into)陷入（或进入）．．．状态
kidney
n. 肾，肾脏
A: Stop annoying your brother.
B: Don’t lash out at me, he was the one that started it.
A: Who is your next of kin ?
lash
B: My father.
v. １．（用绳索等）将（物品）系牢；２．鞭打，抽打，（风，雨等）猛烈打击；３．猛烈抨击，严厉斥责
kin
n. １．鞭子，鞭端绳索（或皮条）；２．鞭打；３．眼睫毛；４．鞭梢
n. [总称]亲属，家属
lash out (at) 猛烈抨击
A: I’ve hurt myself, do you have a bandage?
A: I know you have the ability to do the task, it is latent within you.
B: Yeah, there is one in the first aid kit.
B: But I am not so confident that it is there.
kit
latent
n. 1。成套的工具，（适应特定需要的）成套用品
a. 潜在的，隐伏的，不易察觉的
vt.(out) 装备
A: On what line of latitude is France?
A: I just bought a new kitten , she is very cute.
B: Well, it will span several lines, but you should check in an atlas for the exact figures.
B: She may be now, but she will soon grow up!
latitude
kitten
n. １．纬度；２．［pl.］纬度地区；３．（言语，行动等的）回旋余地，自由
n. 小猫
A: Did you enjoy the wedding?
A: You are my knight in shining armor.
B: Indeed, it was a very lavish affair.
B: Well, that makes you my princess.
lavish
knight
a. １．过分丰富的，无节制的；２．过分慷慨的，浪费的
n. 1。（中世纪）骑士；2。爵士；3。（国际象棋中）马
vt. (on,upon) 慷慨地给予，挥霍
vt. 封……为爵士
A: Was our teacher also a priest?
A: Did you make this blanket?
B: No, he was just a layman .
B: Yes, it took three weeks to knit .
layman
knit
n. 门外汉，外行
vt. 1。编结，编织；2。使紧密地结合，使紧凑；3。皱紧，皱（眉）
vi. 1。编织，编结；2。（骨折）愈合
A: There were a lot of layoffs recently in my town.
B: That will be hard on the families in the region, do you think they will be able to find new jobs?
A: The potatoes are best with a knob of butter.
layoff
B: Oh, but I don’t like potatoes or butter.
n. （尤指临时）解雇
knob
n. 1。（门、抽屉的）球形把手，球形柄；2。（收音机等的）旋扭；3。小块
A: Could you please give me some additional information about your organization?
B: Certainly, this leaflet has all the details that you will need.
A: What happened to your knuckles ? They are bleeding.
leaflet
B: Oh, I cycled in a wall and grazed them.
n. 传单，散页印刷品，小册子
knuckle
v. （向．．．）散发传单（或小册子）
n. 指节
vi. 1. (down) 开始努力工作；2.(under)屈服
A: Have you seen my shoes, Mum?
B: Yes, they are drying on the window ledge .
Ｌ
ledge
n. １．岩架，岩石突出部；２．架状突出物，壁架
A: Be careful, your laces are undone.
B: Oh, I never learned how to tie them properly.
A: Mr. Smart had a full and an interesting life.
lace
B: Yes, he indeed left a legacy .
n. １．网眼花边，透空织品，花边；２．鞋带，系带
legacy
vt. (up) 用系带束紧
n. 遗赠的财物，遗产
A: Sorry I’m late, my alarm did not go off on time.
A: I am fascinated with ancient folk tales and legends .
B: That is a lame excuse, don’t let it happen again.
B: Yes, there are some wonderful stories that survived the ages.
20legend A: I worked on a cruise liner for three months.
n. １．传说，传奇故事；２．传奇人物 B: Sounds exotic, but I’m sure that it was hard work!
liner
A: This time, Sir, I have a legitimate excuse for being late, I was ill. n. １．大客轮；２．（化妆用）眼线膏，眼线笔，描唇笔；３．衬里
B: Do you have a doctor’s note to prove it?
legitimate A: What would you like to do this morning?
a. １．合情合理的；２．合法的，法律认可的 B: Just linger in bed a while longer.
vt. 使合法 linger
vi. １．（因不愿意离开而）继续逗留，留恋徘徊；２．(on)继续存留，缓慢消失
A: Would you like a glass of lemonade ?
B: Oh, yes please, that sounds very refreshing. A: I had a problem learning how to speak correctly when I was a child.
lemonade B: Oh, I also had some linguistic problems.
n. １．柠檬水；２．汽水 linguistic
a. 语言的，语言学的
A: Even though you have been naughty, I will be lenient just this one time.
B: Thanks, Mum, and I promise not to do it again. A: Is that lipstick on your collar?
lenient B: No, it is just tomato sauce, trust me!
a. 宽大的，仁慈的 lipstick
n. 唇膏，口红
A: Do you need anything from the shops?
B: Yes, I’d need to make a salad. Could you buy some lettuce please? A: What do you do in your spare time?
lettuce B: I’m involved in a literacy project, teaching kids how to read.
n. 莴苣，生菜 literacy
n. 识字，有文化，读写能力
A: I can’t open the window.
B: Here is a stick, use it as a lever to force it open. A: You should try to look beyond literal translations of the poem.
lever B: But it is too difficult for me.
n. １．杠，杠杆；２．途径，工具，手段 literal
vt. （用杠杆）撬动，撬起 a. １．照字面的，原义的；２．逐字的
A: My boss never gives much leverage , I don’t think I’ll be able to get the day off work. A: You should not take everything that I say literally .
B: Oh, at least try one last time. B: Well, you should be more direct.
leverage literally
n. １．力量，影响，手段，优势；２．杠杆作用，杠杆的力量 n. １．逐字地，照原文，照字面地；２．确实地，真正地；３．简直
A: The government has increased the levy on imports. A: My grandmother was the only literate girl in her family.
B: By what percentage? B: She was lucky to get an education.
levy literate
vt. 征收（税等） a. １．有读写能力的；２．有文化修养的
n. 征税，税款
A: Please put your litter in the bin.
A: You are a liability around the house. B: Oh, I can’t see one.
B: I’m not dangerous. I’m just energetic. litter
liability n. １．废弃物，被胡乱扔掉的东西；２．一窝（仔，崽）；３．（一堆）杂乱的东西
n. １．责任；２．［pl.］负债，债务；３．不利条件，起妨碍作用的人（或物） vt. 乱扔东西于
vi. 乱扔废弃物
A: Lilies are my favourite kind of flower.
B: Oh, mine too! A: The livestock on my farm are doing very well.
lily B: How many cows and sheep do you have in total?
n. 百合，百合花 livestock
n. ［总称］家畜，牲畜
A: I arrive to the ball by limousine .
B: Oh, I could not afford one, so I came by bus! A: Were you out in the sun?
limousine B: Yes, I got burnt and I look like a lobster .
n. 轿车 lobster
n. 龙虾
A: Sarah has a very limp handshake.
B: Yes, I don’t think that she is confident in herself. A: Are there any libraries in your locality ?
limp B: No, but there is one in the next town.
a. １．软弱的，无生气的，无精神的；２．软的，松沓的 locality
vi. 一瘸一拐地走，蹒跚 n. 地区，地点
n. 跛行
A: Oh no, I left my watch in the locker in the gym.
A: Have you done linear equations in math class yet? B: You better go back and get it.
B: No, I think we cover them next year. locker
linear n. （公共场所供个人使用的）寄物柜
a. １．线的，直线的，线状的；２．长度的；３．线性的
A: I’m interested in early locomotive travel.
A: Is your shirt made from cotton or linen ? B: I have never really been interested in trains myself.
B: I am not sure what kind of fabric it is. locomotive
linen n. 机车
n. １．日用织品，亚麻织品；２．亚麻布
21A: You have very lofty ideals. vi. 笨拙地移动，缓慢吃力地移动
B: No, I just have high expectations of myself. vt. 拖累，使陷入困境
lofty n. １．（堆放着的）家用废旧杂物；２．木材，不料，锯制板
a. １．高傲的，傲慢的；２．崇高的，高尚的；３．高耸的，极高的
A: The room was luminous with the light.
A: My family has never enjoyed longevity . B: It must have looked beautiful, especially in the evening.
B: But you are lucky, you are already 91! luminous
longevity a. 发光的，发亮的，光明的
n. １．长寿；２．寿命
A: I’d like to make a lunar landing some day.
A: What line of longitude are the Falkland Islands located on? B: I’d also love to visit the moon.
B: Not sure, you better check a map. lunar
longitude a. 月的，月球的
n. 经度
A: Why did you move to the city?
A: My grandmother made all her clothing on a loom . B: I was lured by the bright lights.
B: Did she teach you how to use it? lure
loom vt. 吸引，引诱，诱惑
n. 织布机 n. １．吸引力，诱惑物；２．诱饵，鱼饵
vi. １．阴森地逼近，隐现，赫然耸现；２．即将来临
A: You have a strong lust for power.
A: What did you do with the stolen loot ? B: Yes, I consider myself ambitious.
B: I hid the money in a secret location. lust
loot n. １．（强烈的）性欲，淫欲
n. 赃物，战利品，掠夺物 vi. (after, for) 对．．．有强烈的欲望
v. 抢劫，劫掠，掠夺
A: Shakespeare wrote exceptional lyric poetry.
A: My skin is too dry, it must be because of the hot weather. B: I agree, his work is amazing, Jack.
B: Here is some lotion , rub it on to help. lyric
lotion a. 抒情的
n. 洗液，洗济，护肤液 n. ［常pl.］歌词
A: Whether I win or lose is a lottery .
B: Are you sure there is nothing you can do to increase your chances of winning? M
lottery
n. １．抽彩给奖法；２．碰运气的事，难于算计的事 A: Has the case been closed yet?
B: No, the magistrate still needs to decide the outcome.
A: This is an unusual dish, what is the main ingredient? magistrate
B: It is made from lotus leaves. n. 地方行政官，地方法官，治安官
lotus
n. 莲，莲花 A: I am unable to read the small print in the book.
B: It seems you need to magnify it.
A: They will announce the match results over the loudspeaker . magnify
B: We had better pay more attention then. vt. １．放大，扩大；２．夸大，夸张
loudspeaker
n. 扬声器，喇叭 A: That was a terrible storm.
B: Indeed, but it is too early to determine the magnitude of the damage.
A: Did you see my scarf, Dad? magnitude
B: Yes, it is the lounge , near the TV. n. １．重要性，重大；２．巨大，广大
lounge
n. 休息厅，休息室 A: A young fair maiden like you shouldn’t be single.
vi. １．（懒洋洋地）倚，（懒散地）躺；２．闲逛，闲荡 B: That is because I am a young fair independent maiden.
maiden
A: The brakes on my bike are not working. n. 少女，年轻姑娘，未婚女子
B: Perhaps you need to lubricate them. a. 首次的，初次的
lubricate
vt. 使润滑 A: You look majestic sitting on that high chair.
B: Yes, I am pretending to be the king!
A: I just landed a new lucrative job. majestic
B: Great, would you like to share some of your hard earned cash with me? a. 雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，高贵的
lucrative
a. 赚钱的，可获利的 A: Please cook me dinner now.
B: Yes, your majesty, I’m at your service.
A: I had to close my shop. Business had lulled . majesty
B: That is such a shame. n. １．［Ｍ－］陛下（对帝王，王后的尊称）；２．雄伟，壮丽，庄严
lull
vt. １．使安静，使入睡；２．缓和，减轻，哄骗 A: Doctor, I traveled to Africa and I think I caught malaria.
n. 暂时的平息（或平静） B: Did you take any medicine as a precaution?
malaria
A: I will have to lumber a clearing in the forest. n. 疟疾
B: Oh, are you sure it is necessary to cut down the trees?
lumber
22A: I hate you! A: Did you do well in the exam, Sir?
B: Why are you so full of malice? B: Yes, you only made some marginal errors.
malice marginal
n. 恶意，怨恨 a. １．微小的，少量的，不重要的；２．仅以微弱多数票获胜的；３．记（或引）在页边的，有旁注的
A: I’m afraid that the test results have come back and your lump is malignant. A: Have you ever smoked marijuana?
B: That means it’s serious, doesn’t it, doctor? B: No, I have never tried drugs.
malignant marijuana
a. １．恶性的，致命的；２．恶意的，恶毒的 n. 大麻，大麻烟
A: I’m going shopping in the mall this afternoon, want to join me? A: What is your marital status?
B: No, thanks, I have plans already. B: I am married.
mall marital
n. （由许多商店组成的）购物中心 a. 婚姻的，夫妻的
A: That child looks very unhealthy. A: I’m going to visit the maritime museum this afternoon.
B: Yes, he does not have enough to eat. He is suffering from malnutrition. B: I assume that it is the one by the sea.
malnutrition maritime
n. 营养不良 a. １．海的，海事的，航海的；２．近海的，海的
A: What distinguishes mammals from other animals, teacher? A: It rained so much. My garden is like a marsh.
B: Mammals feed their young on milk. B: Don’t worry, it will dry out soon.
mammal marsh
n. 哺乳动物 n. 沼泽，湿地
A: I was able to park the car in one single maneuver. A: I was a marshal in the army for 11 years.
B: Well done, you have improved. B: Gosh, that is a high rank, you must have worked hard to get there.
maneuver marshal
n. 1．谨慎而熟练的动作；２．策略，花招；３．［pl.］演习 n. １．元帅，最高指挥官；２．（某些群众活动的）总指挥，司仪；３．（美国的）执法官，警察局长，消防队长
vt. １．设法使变动位置；２．（敏捷或巧妙地）操纵，控制 vt. 整理，排列，集结
vi. １．设法变动位置；２．用策略，耍花招
A: I read that the ancient Romans were martial people.
A: Are you telling me you saw a ghost? B: I’m not sure if they were inclined to war.
B: Yes, it manifested itself on me during the night. martial
manifest a. 战争的，军事的，武术的
a. 明显的，显然的，明了的
vt. １．显示，表明，证明；２．使显现，使显露 A: The sunset is amazing.
B: Yes, I am sitting here marveling at it right now.
A: I’m not able to untie this knot. marvel
B: If you manipulate the knot a bit more you may be able to open it. vi. (at) 惊叹，赞佩
manipulate vt. 对．．．感到惊异
vt. １．操纵，控制，影响；２．（熟练地）操作，使用 n. 令人惊异（或不可思议）的事，奇迹
A: I just bought the new house. A: That girl looks particularly masculine.
B: That is too big to be a house. It is a mansion. B: Maybe it is because she lifts weights.
mansion masculine
n. 大厦，（豪华的）宅邸 a. １．男性的，男子的；２．男子气的
A: I discovered an ancient manuscript. A: Shall I mash your potatoes?
B: Are you going to donate it to the library? B: No, thanks, I like them whole.
manuscript mash
n. １．手稿，原稿，底稿；２．手写本 vt. (up) 把．．．捣成糊状
n. 糊状物
A: What type of tree is that?
B: I think it is a maple A: The soldiers massacred each other with gunfire during the war.
maple B: Do you know how many people were killed?
n. 槭树，枫树，槭木 massacre
vt. １．大规模屠杀，残杀；２．彻底击败
A: I really dislike Stephanie. n. １．大屠杀，残杀；２．（比赛等）残败
B: Don’t try to mar me with your negative impressions of her before I even meet her.
mar A: I had a wonderful body massage last night.
vt. 破坏，毁坏 B: Was it painful?
massage
A: I’m getting a new fireplace installed. n. 按摩，推拿
B: Is it the marble one you had your eye on? vt. 给．．．按摩
marble
n. １．大理石；２．（用玻璃、石头等制成的）弹子；３．［pl.］弹子游戏 A: What flag is that hoisted on the mast?
B: It is the national flag. Don’t you recognize it?
A: The mare is expecting her foal in three weeks. mast
B: Oh! I thought a mare was a male horse, silly me! n. １．船桅，桅杆，旗杆；２．天线杆
mare
n. 母马，母驴
23A: Your book is a masterpiece, well done. A: Get out from the kitchen, you are such a menace.
B: Thanks, I hope that the publishers think so , too. B: Sorry, I was only trying to help.
masterpiece menace
n. 杰作 n. １．具有危险性的人（或物）；２．威胁，威吓
vt. 威胁，威吓
A: I would love to have a baby soon.
A: That sounds like your maternal instincts talking! A: I do not understand Robin’s mentality.
maternal B: Yeah, she has some strange ideas sometimes.
a. １．母亲的，母亲般的；２．母系的，母方的 mentality
n. 心态，思想方法
A: Did you put your money in the bank?
B: No, I hid it under the mattress. A: All of the merchandise in the shop is half price today.
mattress B: Oh, let’s go in!
n. 褥垫，床垫 merchandise
n. ［总称］商品，货物
A: I love walking in the meadows in spring. vt. 买卖，经营
B: Me too, the fields are best at that time of year.
meadow A: Be careful, there is mercury in the thermometer.
n. 草地 B: Don’t worry, I will be careful.
mercury
A: My brothers are having a serious argument. n. １，水银，汞；２［Ｍ－］［罗神］墨丘利
B: Are you going to mediate in the hope of solving it?
mediate A: I think our ideas are beginning to merge.
vi. (in, between) 调解，周旋 B: I think that is because we have spent so much time together.
vt. １．经调解解决；２．经周旋促成 merge
v. （使）结合，（使）合并，（使）合为一体
A: I visited several medieval castles while in France.
B: So that means they date from the Middle Ages, correct? A: Can you bring this note to your Mum?
medieval B: No, I am not your messenger.
a. 中世纪的，中古（时代）的 messenger
n. 送信人，信使
A: I try to practice meditation at least once a day.
B: Oh, I can never sit still for long periods. A: This car is a little more expensive because of the metallic paint.
meditation B: I think it is worth is though.
n. １．默想，默念；２．沉思，冥想，沉思录 metallic
a. １．金属的，金属制的；２．有金属特性的，像金属的
A: Why are you looking so melancholy, Rory?
B: I just lost my job. A: Now, please pick out the main metaphors in the poem.
melancholy B: Can you give us a clue, teacher?
a. 忧郁的，使人忧郁的，悲伤的 metaphor
n. 忧郁，悲伤 n. １．隐喻；２．象征
A: The atmosphere at the party was exceptionally mellow. A: You are very methodical.
B: Yes, all the guests were very relaxed. B: I just like to be organized.
mellow methodical
a. １．（颜色或声音）柔和的；２（水果）熟透的，甘美多汁的，（酒）芳醇的；３．成熟的，老练的，稳健的；４．高兴的，微醉的 a. １．有条理的，井然的；２．办事有条不紊的
v. １．（使）变得柔和；２．（使）成熟；３．（使）变得香醇
A: You were meticulous about the details of our trip.
A: Sing along to this melody. B: I just wanted everything to go smoothly.
B: I would, but I haven’t a note in my head. meticulous
melody a. 极其仔细的，一丝不苟的
n. １．旋律，曲调；２．悦耳的音乐
A: Shall we take the bus?
A: Would you like to try some melon? B: No, the metro will be quicker.
B: I’d love to, is it sweet? metro.
melon n. 地铁
n. 瓜，甜瓜
A: Did you report the crime?
A: Does Kelly know where to meet us? B: Yeah, straight away to the metropolitan police.
B: Yeah, I left a memo for her. metropolitan
memo a. 大城市的，大都会的
n. 备忘录
A: You are a great violinist.
A: You have had such an interesting life, you should write your memoirs. B: I agree, I think we have a star in our midst.
B: I’ve already started them. midst
memoir n. 中部，中间，当中
n. １．［pl.］回忆录，自传；２．记事录 in the midst of １．在．．．之中；２．正当．．．的时候
A: Do we have to memorise the whole poem, Sir? A: I am making a film about migrant workers in the city.
B: No, only the first two verses. B: That will be so interesting. I can’t wait to see it when it is finished.
memorise migrant
v. 记住，熟记 n. １．移居者，移民；２．候鸟，迁移动物
24A: These birds migrate south in the winter every year? misfortune
B: I’d like to go to warmer places also! n. １．不幸，厄运，逆境；２．不幸事故，灾难，灾祸
migrate
vi. １．（候鸟等）迁徙，移栖；２．移居（尤指移居国外），迁移 A: Aside from some slight misgivings , I think Mrs. Jones should have the job.
B: Actually I think she is perfect for it.
A: Even though this car is old, the mileage is not very high. misgiving
B: I shall buy it so. n. 疑虑，担忧，害怕
mileage
n. １．里程，英里数；２．好处，利润 A: I was educated in South Africa by some missionaries .
B: Oh, what country were they from?
A: A militant group of reformers attempted to overthrow the government. missionary
B: Were they successful? n. 传教士
militant
a. 激进的，好斗的 A: I think David has a mistress .
n. 激进分子，斗士 B: No, he is happily married.
mistress
A: I want to be a millionaire some day. n. １．情妇；２．主妇，女主人
B: Well, you will either have to win the Lottery or work very hard.
millionaire A: But I don’t want to do the washing up.
n. 百万富翁，大富翁 B: The sooner you stop moaning , the quicker it will get done.
moan
A: The flavours in this soup have mingled well. vi. １．呻吟，呜咽；２．(about)抱怨，发牢骚
B: Yes, it is delicious. vt. 抱怨
mingle n. １．呻吟声，呜咽声；２．怨声，牢骚
vt. 使混合，使相混
vi. １．相交往，相往来；２．混合起来，相混合 A: I was attacked by an angry mob on my way home.
B: How terrible, were you hurt?
A: I bought a miniature house for my doll. mob
B: And when you are old enough you will be able to buy a normal sized one! n. 暴民，乌合之众
miniature vt. 成群围住，聚众袭击
a. 小型的，微小的
n. １．微小的模型，缩影；２．微型画，微型人物像 A: How are we going to mobilize the masses?
in miniature 小规模，小型 B: It is certainly difficult to get them going, but we shall manage.
mobilize
A: We will rent a minibus to take us to the match. vt. １．动员；２．调动，鼓动起
B: Are you sure we won’t all fit in a car? vi. 动员起来
minibus
n. 小型公共汽车 A: How did he recover so quickly?
B: He mock his illness in the first place.
A: Margaret, you always do the minimal amount of work. mock
B: Sorry, I will try harder from now on. vt. １．嘲笑，嘲弄；２．（为了取笑）模仿
minimal vi. 嘲笑，嘲弄
a. 最小的，最低限度的 a. １．模拟的，演习的；２．假的，假装的
A: Shall I turn the computer off? A: I have only two more modules to complete and then I have my degree.
B: No just minimize the current screen. B: Congratulations!
minimize module
vt. １．使减少（或缩小）到最低限度；２．极力贬低，对．．．做最低估计 n. １．组件，模块，模件；２．（航天器的）舱
A: Would you like a mint ? A: On this momentous occasion I would like to thank all those who supported my cause.
B: No thanks, I have just brushed my teeth. B: There is no need to thank us.
mint momentous
n. １．薄荷；２．铸币厂 a. 重大的，重要的
vt. １．铸造（硬币）；２．创造（词，词组等）
A: Are you in favour of the monarchy ?
A: I’m surprised to see you so soon after your accident. B: No, I don’t support the king or the queen.
B: Yes, the doctors said I made a miraculous recovery. monarchy
miraculous n. １．君主制，君主政体；２．君主国
a. 奇迹般的，不可思议的
A: How do I get to your house?
A: I hope you are not up to mischief in there, Son. B: Pass the monastery on the other side of the town and my house is the first on the right.
B: No Dad, I’m only playing a video game. monastery
mischief n. 修道院，寺院
n. １．恶作剧，胡闹，捣蛋；２．淘气，顽皮；３．损害，伤害，危害
A: What do you think of the new monetary union in Europe?
A: My grandfather encountered a lot of misery during his lifetime. B: Oh, I think that it will be good for trade.
B: Yes, I am glad that I was not born back them. monetary
misery a. 钱的，货币的，金融的
n. １．痛苦，苦恼，苦难；２．悲惨的境遇，贫苦
A: I met a monk on my travels.
A: It rained heavily on my wedding day. B: Oh, did you visit a monastery?
B: Oh, what a misfortune !
25monk A: What was the motto of your school?
n. 修道士，僧侣 B: I’m not sure if it had one.
motto
A: The play was excellent. n. 箴言，格言，座右铭
B: I agree, especially the long monologue performed by the main actress.
monologue A: The castle was built on the top of the mound overlooking the village.
n. １．（别人简直无法插嘴的）滔滔不绝的话；２．（戏剧，电影等中的）独白 B: I assume they did that for protection.
mound
A: Mr. Dalton has somewhat of a monopoly in the town. n. １．土墩，沙土堆；２．（一）堆，（一）垛
B: Yes, he owns of the shops and restaurants.
monopoly A: It has been a long time since your father passed away.
n. １．垄断，专卖；２．垄断物，垄断商品，专卖商品；３．独占，完全控制 B: Yes, but I’m still in mourning.
mourn
A: Do you enjoy your work? v. １．哀悼；２．（对．．．）感到痛心（或遗憾）
B: No, it is monotonous .
monotonous A: Have you ever grown a beard?
a. 单调无聊的，毫无变化的 B: No, but I did have a moustache once.
moustache
A: There are monsters under my bed, Mum. n. 八字须
B: Don’t be silly, how would they fit?
monster A: The grass is getting long.
n. １．怪物；２．极其残酷的人；３．巨人，巨兽，巨大的东西 B: Well, it is about time that you mowed it then.
a. 巨大的，庞大的 mow
v. 割（草）
A: I split some water on the carpet mow down 大量杀伤，扫杀，摧毁
B: Don’t worry, I’ll mop it up later.
mop A: Don’t come into the house with muddy shoes.
n. １．拖把；２．蓬乱的头发 B: OK, I’ll take them off now.
v. １．用拖把拖洗；２．擦干 muddy
mop up １．（用布等）擦去；２．扫荡，肃清；３．完成，结束 a. １．泥泞的，沾满烂泥的；２．（光，色泽）灰暗的，暗淡的；３．模糊的，糊涂的
vt. １．使沾上烂泥；２．使（形势，争端等）显得扑朔迷离
A: The film was uplifting.
B: Yes, it was good for my morale . A: You are as slow as a mule .
morale B: You are no spring chicken yourself.
n. 士气，斗志 mule
n. １．骡子；２．［pl.］拖鞋；３．十分固执的人
A: Do you think you have a strict set of principles?
B: Yes, I think I have a strong sense of morality . A: Are you planning to feed the multitudes with this meal?
morality B: Yes, I cook rather a lot.
n. １．道德，（行为等的）道德性；２．德行，品行 multitude
n. １．大量，许多；２．［the ~］大众，民众
A: Be careful, that is dangerous. a multitude / multitudes of 许多，大量
B: Oh, we are all mortals and have to die at some stage or another.
mortal A: Did you hear what Mandy said?
a. １．终有一死的；２．致命的；３．你死我活的，不共戴天的 B: No, she was mumbling .
n. 人 mumble
v. 含糊地说（话），咕哝
A: Did you buy your house with cash? n. 咕哝，含糊的话（或声音）
B: Not at all, I had to take out a huge mortgage .
mortgage A: I am going to see an exhibition in the municipal gallery tomorrow.
n. 抵押，抵押借款 B: Oh, can I join you?
vt. 抵押 municipal
a. 市的，市政的
A: The drains are not working.
B: They must be filled with moss again, I will clear them. A: The room was so silent you could hear a pin drop.
moss B: You mean there was not even a murmur .
n. 藓类植物，苔藓 murmur
v. / n. １．小声说（话）；２．小声抱怨，咕哝；３．（微风，流水等）发出连续而低沉的声音
A: Shall we stay in a hotel?
B: No, let’s save money and stay in a motel . A: You are looking incredibly muscular .
motel. B: Oh, thanks, I have been going to the gym five times a week.
n. 汽车旅馆 muscular
a. １．肌肉发达的，强壮的；２．（有关）肌肉的
A: There is a hole in your sweatshirt.
B: Oh, it was eaten by moths . A: Do you follow any particular religion?
moth B: Yes, I am a Muslim .
n. 蛾 Muslin
n. 穆斯林
A: Do you drive a car? a. 穆斯林的，伊斯兰教信徒的
B: No, but I can ride a motorcycle .
motorcycle A: Would you like any sauce on your sandwich?
n. 摩托车 B: Do you have any mustard?
26mustard nasty
n. １．芥末；２．芥菜 a. １．令人讨厌的，令人厌恶的；２．难弄的，困难的；３．严重的，恶劣的，险恶的；４．下流的，道德败坏的
A: After witnessing the accident my brother was mute for three years. A: My son is so naughty.
B: And why did he start to speak again? B: Don’t worry, he will grow up soon.
mute naughty
a. １．缄默的，无声的；２．哑的，不会说话的；３．（字母）不发音的 a. １．顽皮的，淘气的；２．猥亵的
vt. 消除（声音），减轻（声音）
A: The rain necessitated that the concert was held indoors.
A: He muttered the answer into my ear but I still was unable to hear him. B: Oh, I did not realize that it had rained.
B: You should have asked him to repeat it more clearly. necessitate
mutter vt. 使成为必要，需要
v. / n. 轻声低语，小声抱怨
A: Have you seen my new necklace?
A: Is this chicken or beef? B: Yes, just below your chin, you are wearing it!
B: Neither, it is mutton . necklace
mutton n. 项链
n. 羊肉
A: The school was found guilty of negligence.
A: My dog bit a young child once. B: Was it closed down as a result?
B: Is that why he now wears a muzzle ? negligence
muzzle n. 疏忽，粗心大意
n. １．（四足动物的）鼻口部；２．（防止动物咬人的）口套；３．枪口，炮口
vt. １．使缄默，钳制．．．言论；２．给（狗等）戴口套 A: Did you make any progress in learning French this month?
B: Negligible, I did not work hard enough.
A: There are myriad reasons why I should not go on holidays now. negligible
B: But there is one reason why you should, me! a. 可忽略不计的，微不足道的
myriad
a. 无数的 A: Where is your apartment?
n. 无数，极大数量 B: Right beside the shop with the bright neon sign.
neon
A: My neighbour claims that she is a mystic . n. １．氖；２．氖灯，霓虹灯
B: Do you think that she actually has magical powers?
mystic A: What would you like to do when you leave school?
n. 神秘主义者 B: I’d love to be a newscaster on TV?
a. １．神秘的，玄妙的；２．神秘主义（者）的 newscaster
n. 新闻播音员
A: The moon looks mystical tonight.
B: Perhaps that is because it is a full moon on a clear night. A: They will be showing a recent newsreel just before the film in the cinema.
mystical B: Oh good, I have not seen the news for a long time.
见 mystic newsreel
n. 新闻影片
A: I want to study ancient mythology .
B: What interests you in particular about the stories?
A: Mum, can I have my pocket money please?
mythology
B: I haven’t even a nickel to give you this week.
n. 神话，神话学
nickel
n. １．镍；２．（美国和加拿大的）五分镍币，五分钱
Ｎ
A: Do you have a nickname, Steven?
A: He has a very naive attitude towards works. B: Well, my father calls me “pest”, if that counts!
B: Yeah, he thinks that money grows on trees.
nickname
naive n. 绰号
a. １．幼稚的，轻信的；２．天真 的 vt. 给．．．起绰号
A: I’m feeling a bit tired. A: Keith’s teeth are badly stained with nicotine.
B: Why don’t you have a quick nap?
B: Yes, he smokes a lot.
nap
nicotine
n. / vi （尤指在白天）小睡，打盹 n. 尼古丁
catch sb napping １．发现某人在打瞌睡；２．使措手不及
A: What was the score in the football match?
A: Here is a napkin is case you spill your drink.
B: One- nil, to our team.
B: Oops, too late!
nil
napkin n. 无，零
n. 餐巾
A: Did the committee do good work?
A: Did you enjoy the novel you just completed?
B: No, it was only nominal, I think the members met only once.
B: Yes, very much, the narrative was exceptional.
nominal
narrative a. １．名义上的，有名无实的；２．（费用等）很少的，象征性的；３．名词性的
n. １．叙述文，故事；２．叙述，讲述
A: I am going to nominate you to be the president of our organization.
A: That is a nasty cold that you have. B: Oh, thanks, I didn’t realize you thought so highly of me.
B: Oh, it is getting better, you should have seen me last week!
27nominate A: My plants just died.
vt. 提名，任命 B: That is because you didn’t nurture them. Plants are like children!
nurture
A: Even though Peter hurt his foot he nonetheless won the race. vt. / n. 养育，培育，滋养
B: Yeah, he has always been a determined athlete.
nonetheless A: I love all types of fruit.
ad. 尽管如此，依然，然而 B: Excellent, and they are so rich in nutrients.
nutrient
A: What usually happens at the end of one of these meetings? n. 营养品，滋养物
B: I’m not sure what the norm is. a. 营养的，滋养的
norm
n. １．标准，规范；２．［常pl.］准则 A: The young child looked very unwell.
B: Yes, I think he was lacking nutrition.
A: I spent the afternoon looking at old photos. nutrition
B: That must have made you nostalgic. n. 营养
nostalgic
a. 怀旧的，引起对往事怀恋的
O
A: Why are dragons said to have large nostrils?
B: So that they can blow fire through them. A: What type of tree is that?
nostril B: I think it is an oak tree. It is certainly large enough to be one.
n. 鼻孔 oak
n. １．栎树，橡树；２．栎木， 橡木
A: Mr. Hardy made a notable presentation at the conference.
B: Well, tell me the details then. A: Oh no, I’ve dropped an oar .
notable B: We will have to swim to the shore now.
a. 值得注意的，显著的，著名的 oar
n. 名人，要人 n. 桨，橹
A: Did you play this piece at the concert? A: Please tell me the big secret.
B: No, I was unable to read the musical notation. It wasn’t printed clearly. B: Sorry, I took an oath and swore that I wouldn't.
notation oath
n. １．记号，标记法；２．注释，记录 n. １．誓言，誓约；咒骂，诅咒语
on / under oath 在法庭上宣过誓
A: I am notorious for my bad spelling.
B: Yes, your teacher did mention it to me once. A: My pupils are so obedient , they always do their home work.
notorious B: You are lucky, mine are terrible.
a. 臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的 obedient
a. 服从的，顺从的
A: Notwithstanding the weather, we had a great day out.
B: Yeah, it is best not to let the rain spoil our plans. A: Robert told an obscene joke last night.
notwithstanding B: Is it too rude to repeat to me?
prep. / ad. 尽管 obscene
a. １．淫秽的，下流的；２．可憎的，可恶的
A: What are you doing?
B: I am reading a book to nourish my mind. A: Did you understand the theatre performance?
nourish B: No, it was too obscure for me.
vt. １．养育，喂养，滋养；２．怀有（希望等），增强（希望等） obscure
a. １．不著名的，不重要的；２．费解的，模糊不清的；３．隐藏的，偏僻的
vt. 使变模糊，掩盖
A: My daughter sleeps with her new shoes on.
B: Don’t worry, the novelty will wear off soon.
novelty A: You are always playing video games.
n. １．新奇事物；２．新奇，新奇感，新奇性；３．新颖小巧而廉价的物品 B: I know. I have an obsession.
obsession
n. 困扰，无法摆脱的思想（或情感）
A: What did you think of the nude painting in the gallery?
B: I thought it was a masterpiece.
nude A: Excuse me, but your car is obstructing the entrance to my home.
a. 裸体的 B: Oh, I’ll move it right away.
n. 裸体画，裸体雕像 obstruct
vt. １．阻塞，堵塞；２．阻碍，阻止，妨碍
A: What is the numerical value you would attach to happiness?
B: That is an impossible thing to give a figure to . A: Can I move into the apartment today?
numerical B: No, you can have occupancy next week.
a. 数字的，用数字表示，数值的 occupancy
n. 占有，使用，居住
A: My aunt wants to become a nun.
B: She must be very religious. A: What is that terrible odour ?
nun B: Oh, sorry, it must be my socks.
n. 修女，尼姑 odour
n. 气味
28A: Beverley looked stunning at the party. A: That is a beautiful ornament beside the TV.
B: Yes, her outfit was offset by her jewelry. B: Thanks, it was a gift from a friend.
offset ornament
vt. 补偿，抵消 n. １．装饰品，点缀品；２．装饰，点缀
vt. 装饰，点缀，美化
A: Do you have any offspring ?
B: Yes, I have three daughters. A: I was an orphan until the age of seven.
offspring B: Goodness, do you know what happened to your parents?
n. １．子女，子孙，后代；２．（动物的）崽 orphan
n. 孤儿
A: Do you like olives ? vt. 使成为孤儿
B: Yes, especially black ones in salad.
olive A: You look very unusual today.
n. 橄榄，橄榄树 B: Yes, I was tired with the orthodox.
orthodox
A: Is that glass clear? a. １．传统的；２．正统的，正宗的
B: No, it is opaque , that is why you are having difficulty seeing through it.
opaque A: I was ousted from the number one position.
a. １．不透明的，不透光的；２．难理解的，晦涩的 B: But you will have a chance to win it back, don’t worry.
oust
A: Women in the old days were frequently oppressed by their husbands. vt. １．驱逐；２．罢免，把．．．撤职（以取而代之）
B: I am glad that times are changing.
oppress A: There was an outbreak of skin disease in my town.
vt. １．压迫，压制；２．使（心情等）沉重，使烦恼 B: Oh, did you contract it?
outbreak
A: You would like the blue car? n. （战争、情感、火山等的）爆发，（疾病，虫害等的）突然发生
B: No, I think I’ll opt for the red one.
opt A: That is a beautiful outfit you are wearing.
vt. (for) 选择，挑选 B: Thanks , I got it specially made for this occasion.
outfit
A: The weather will be wonderful tomorrow. n. １．（用于某种场合的）全套服装；２．（协同工作的）一组人；３．全套装备，全套工具
B: You are always filled with optimism .
optimism A: Let’s go on an outing .
n. 乐观，乐观主义 B: OK, where would you like to go?
outing
A: I study at my optimum between eight and ten in the morning. n. 远足，郊游，短途旅行，外出参观（或看戏等）
B: Oh, I work best in the evenings.
optimum A: I saw a film about outlaw in the Wild West.
a. 最合适的，最优的，最佳的 B: Oh, I hate those types of movies.
outlaw
A: Where did you get the apples? n. 歹徒，亡命之徒
B: I picked them in the orchard down the road. vt. 宣布．．．为不合法
orchard
n. 果园 A: There will be outrage if I am home late again.
B: Don’t worry, they won’t get angry.
A: I was in a serious car accident last year. outrage
B: That must have been a terrible ordeal . n. １．义愤，愤慨；２．暴行，骇人听闻的事件
ordeal vt. 激起．．．的义愤，激怒
n. 苦难经理，折磨，煎熬
A: Who won the match?
A: I love studying science. B: There was no outright winner. It was a draw.
B: I orient more towards the Arts. outright
orient ad. １．坦率地，直率地，无保留地；２．完全地，彻底地；３．立即，当场
vt. １．使适应，使熟悉情况（或环境等）；２．（to ,toward）使朝向，以．．．为方向（目标） a. １．清楚的，无疑的，明白无误的；２．完全的，彻底的
n. 东方，亚洲（尤指远东），东半球
A: Do you live in the centre of the town?
A: Oriental cuisine is my favourite. B: No, just on the outskirts .
B: Yes, I also love Chinese food. outskirts
oriental n. 外围地区，郊区，郊外
a. 东方的，东方人的，东方文化的
A: My library books are five days overdue .
A: I was unable to find my orientation in the city. B: Oh, will you have to pay a fine?
B: You should have carried a map with you. overdue
orientation a. １．过期的，到期未付的；２．早该有的，迟到的，延误的
n. １．方向，目标，方位；２．熟悉情况，适应，情况介绍
A: The bath is overflowing !
A: From where does the guitar originate ? B: Oh no, I forgot that I had one running.
B: Well, there are many types of guitar, so probably many countries. overflow
originate vt. １．满得外溢，外流，泛滥；２．(with)充满，洋溢
vi. (in,from,with) 起源于，来自，产生 vt. 淹没，从．．．中溢出，多得使无法容纳
vt. 创造，创始，开创 n. １．容纳不下的物（或人）；２．溢出，满出；３．溢流口，溢流管
29A: Excuse me. I couldn’t help but overhear , but I think I am the person you are looking for. A: You don’t seem to be arguing with your brother anymore.
B: What a coincidence! B: No, we made a pact not to argue anymore.
overhear pact
vt. 无意中听到，偷听到 n. 契约，协定，条约
A: It is a shame that our holidays don’t overlap . A: Shall we go canoeing on the river?
B: Indeed, I would love to go on holidays with you. B: We could, but I’ve lost the paddle.
overlap paddle
v. １．（与．．．）部分重叠；２．（与．．．）部分相同 n. １．短桨，桨；２．涉水
n. 重叠，重叠的部分 vi. １．划桨前进，荡桨；２．涉水
vt. １．用桨（划）船；２．用木板打
A: Did you make it to the other side of the mountain?
B: No, the overpass was blocked. A: I’m looking for some information about your organization.
overpass B: All the details that you will need are contained in this short pamphlet.
n. 天桥，立交桥 pamphlet
n. 小册子
A: My comment overrides my previous statement.
B: You are always changing your mind. A: Did you see the pandas at the zoo?
override B: Yes, but they were sleeping.
vt. １．不顾，不理睬，否决；２．压倒，优先于 panda
n. 熊猫
A: His dislike for me was overt .
B: Oh, he did not make it that obvious. A: I’ve been having hunger pangs.
overt B: Why don’t you buy something to eat then?
a. 公开的，不隐蔽的 pang
n. 一阵（剧痛，悲痛等）
A: I am planning to overthrow the government.
B: That is a big plan. you will need help. A: Do you have a good view from your window?
overthrow B: Yes, the panorama of the mountains is wonderful.
vt. １．推翻，打倒；２．使终止，屏弃 panorama
n. 倾覆，终止，结束 n. １．全景；２．概括，综述，概观
A: Our car overturned when it hit the tree. A: Why are you panting?
B: Was anyone injured? B: I just ran up the stairs.
overturn pant
vt. １．使翻转，使倾覆，使倒下；２．颠覆，推翻 vi. １．喘，气喘；２．(for)渴望
vi. 倾覆，翻转，翻倒 vt. 气喘吁吁地说
n. 气喘，喘息
A: Were you surprised by the gift?
B: Yes, I was completely overwhelmed . A: Did you read Mr. Doyle’s new novel?
overwhelm B: Not yet, I’m going to wait until it comes out in paperback.
vt. １．（感情上）使受不了，使不知所措；２．征服，制服 paperback
n. 平装本，简装本
A: I have an overwhelming need to sleep right now.
B: Well, what is keeping you from having a rest? A: I’ve jumped out of a plane twice.
overwhelming B: I assume that you were wearing a parachute.
a. １，势不可挡的，压倒的；２．巨大的 parachute
n. 降落伞
A: What is that bird? vi. 跳伞
B: I think it is an owl . vt. 伞投，空投
owl.
n. 猫头鹰 A: I lived on a tropical island for one year.
B: It must have been paradise.
paradise
A: Is water a type of oxide ?
n. 天，乐园
B: Yes, as it contains oxygen.
oxide
n. 氧化物 A: Peter is a paradox to me.
B: Yes, I find his actions very confusing also.
paradox
A: Do you enjoy eating oysters ?
n. １．似乎矛盾而（可能）正确的说法；２．自相矛盾的人（或事物）
B: I have never tasted them.
oyster
n. 牡蛎 A: Paul was paralysed form the waist down.
B: Oh, how terrible! Was he in an accident?
paralyse
A: Did you hear that the hole in the ozone is increasing in size?
vt. １．使瘫痪，使麻痹；２．使丧失作用；３．使惊愕，使呆若木鸡
B: Yes, it is a shame.
ozone
n. 臭氧 A: I can’t understand these math equations.
B: OK, I will help. Firstly, what are the parameters?
parameter
P
n. １．［常pl.］界限，范围；２．参数
30A: I have to borrow more money from my parents. patriot
B: Do you feel like a parasite? n. 爱国者，爱国主义者
parasite
n. １．寄生生物；２．寄生虫 A: I always feel so patriotic when my country is playing an international match.
B: Yes, it is strange what football can do!
A: We are having afternoon tea in the parlour if you would like to join us. patriotic
B: Yes, that would be splendid. a. 爱国的，有爱国心的，显示爱国精神的
parlour
n. １．（出售某些商品或提供某种服务的）店，馆，院；２．客厅室 A: Patrols are requested to keep noise to a minimum after 10pm.
B: Isn’t that a bit early for a hotel?
A: Stop repeating everything that I say. patrol
B: I am pretending to be a parrot! v. （在．．．）巡逻，巡查
parrot n. １．巡逻，巡查；２．巡逻兵，巡逻队
n. 鹦鹉
A: Please do not patronize me.
A: As a participant in the project, you will be required to attend the sessions twice a week. B: I wasn’t , I was trying to compliment you.
B: No problem, but are there any other requirements? patronize
participant vt. １．以高人一等的态度对待；２．经常光顾，惠顾；３．赞助
n. 参加者，参与者
A: I am getting my driveway paved tomorrow.
A: Are you a member of a political party? B: That must be expensive.
B: No, I do not get involved in partisan politics. pave
partisan vt. 铺（路），铺筑
a. 党派的，派性的，偏袒的 pave the way (for) （为．．．）铺平道路，（为．．．）做准备
n. １．党徒，忠实的追随者；２．（敌后）游击队员
A: How many people do you have on your payroll?
A: I thought this room was bigger. B: Well, I employ twenty people in total.
B: Oh, we put up a partition last week. payroll
partition n. １．工资表，在职人员名单；２．工薪总额
n. １．分隔物，隔墙；２．分割，划分
vt. 隔开，分割，瓜分 A: Would you like a peanut?
B: No thanks, do you have any fruit instead?
A: I am entering into a new business partnership. peanut
B: Oh, with whom? n. １．花生；２．［pl.］很少的钱
partnership
n. 合伙（关系），合伙经营（的企业），合伙人身份 A: Your necklace is beautiful.
B: Thanks, it is made from pearls.
A: I am passionate about reading. pearl
B: Yes, I always see you with your head in a book. n. １．珍珠；２．珠状物；３．珍品
passionate
a. １．多情的；２．充满激情的，激昂的；３．热切的，强烈的 A: Oh, I have to stop walking, I have a pebble in my shoe.
B: That must be uncomfortable.
A: What is your favourite pastime? pebble
B: Well, I really enjoy swimming. n. 卵石，小圆石
pastime
n. 消遣，娱乐 A: Did he give you a kiss?
B: Well, just a peck on the cheek.
A: This apple pie is delicious. peck
B: I agree, I think it must be the pastry. vt. １．啄；２．匆匆轻啄
pastry vi. 啄食；２．(at)小口地吃
n. 油酥面团，酥皮糕点 n. １．啄；２．匆匆的一吻；３．(谷物等的干量单位)配克
A: How many cows do you have on your pasture? A: Sorry, I’m late, I lost pedal on my bike.
B: Oh, I am not a dairy farmer. B: Oh, don’t worry. Were you still able to cycle here?
pasture pedal
n. 牧草地，牧场 n. 踏板，踏脚
vt. 放牧 vi. 踩踏车，骑车
vt. 脚蹬，踩一的踏板
A: I have come up with a new invention.
B: You better patent it quickly, in case someone steals your idea. A: This street is perfect for pedestrians.
patent B: Yes, cars are only allowed access in the late evening.
n. 专利，专利权 pedestrian
a. （有关）专利（权）的，受专利保护的 n. 步行者，行人
vt. 得到．．．的专利权
A: Could you peel my orange for me? I hate doing it!
A: I got a pathetic result in the exam. B: Certainly, it would be my pleasure.
B: But at least you still passed. peel
pathetic vt. 削．．．的皮，剥．．．的壳
a. １．差劲的，令人生厌的；２．引起怜悯的，可怜的，可悲的 vi. 剥落，脱皮
n. （水果等的）皮，外皮
A: Do you celebrate your national day each year? peel off 剥掉，脱去
B: No, I’m not a patriot.
31A: There is someone peeping through the curtains. n. 期刊
B: Quick, close them! a. 周期的，定期的，时而发生的
peep
vi. １．窥视，偷看；２．隐现，慢慢露出 A: John nearly perished on the mountain.
n. １．窥视；２．（汽车喇叭的）嘟嘟声；３．（鼠，小鸟等的）吱吱声 B: Who came to his rescue?
perish
A: Did you hang the clothes on the washing line? vi. １．丧生，毁灭，消亡；２．（橡胶，皮革等）失去弹性，老化
B: Not all of them, I ran out of pegs.
peg A: You always dress according to the latest fashion trends.
n. １．小钉，栓，挂物钉；２．桩 B: Well, trends permeate quickly these days.
vt. １．用钉子钉，用钉（或桩等）固定；２．限定（价格，工资等）；３．将．．．看成，将．．．归入；４．投（球）等 permeate
peg away at 坚持不懈地做 v. １．弥漫，遍布，散布；２．渗入，渗透
A: If you are late again I will have to penalize. A: Is smoking permissible in this restaurant?
B: Oh, please don’t punish me. B: I’m not sure, you better check with the waiter.
penalize permissible
vt. １．使处于不利地位，不公平地对待；２．罚款 a. 可允许的，许可的
A: Are you busy at the moment? A: I have a perpetual headache.
B: Yes, very, I have five jobs pending. B: You better go to see a doctor about that. It does not sound healthy.
pending perpetual
prep. 直到，在等待．．．期间 a. １．永久的，永恒的，长期的；２．无休止的，没完没了的
a. １．未决的，未定的，待定的；２．即将发生的，迫近的
A: Did you understand the lecture?
A: The old clock has stopped working. B: No, I was perplexed, it was too complicated for me.
B: Oh, the pendulum sometimes gets stuck. perplex
pendulum vt. 使困惑，使费解，使复杂化
n. １．摆，钟摆；２．摇摆不定的事态（或局面）
A: Too many people have been persecuted because of war.
A: I am wearing only black and white. I look like a penguin. B: I agree, but unfortunately they continue to be so.
B: Don’t be silly, I think you look beautiful. persecute
penguin vt. １．迫害，虐待；２．纠缠，骚扰
n. 企鹅
A: Don’t give up now, you are nearly there.
A: Is your new house by the coast? B: I intend to persevere.
B: Yes, it is on the peninsula, just by the beach. persevere
peninsula vi. 坚持不懈，锲而不舍
n. 半岛
A: Every week Simon asks me out on a date.
A: The bird has not moved from its perch all day. B: Gosh, he is very persistent.
B: It must be very tried! persistent
perch a. １．坚持不懈的，执意的；２．持续的
n. １．（鸟类的）栖息处，栖枝，栖木；２．高处，较高的位置；３．鲈鱼
v. １．（鸟）飞落，暂栖，停留；２．（在较高处或物体边缘）坐着
A: Do you follow any religion?
vt. 把．．．置于较高或危险处
B: I’m of no particular persuasion .
persuasion
A: You did your homework to perfection, well done. n. １．说服（力），劝说；２．信念，信仰
B: Thanks, I worked for a long time on it.
perfection
A: Has the case been closed yet?
n. 完美，完善
B: No, we are waiting for the documents pertaining to the case to arrive.
to perfection 完美地，尽善尽美地，完全地
pertain
vi. (to) 从属，有关
A: You smell beautifully.
B: Thanks, it must be my new perfume.
A: Was the information that I gave you of any use?
perfume
B: Yes, it was pertinent , thank you.
n. 香水，香料，香气
pertinent
vt. １．使充满芳香；２．洒香水于
a. 有关系的，相关的
A: You enter the car race at your own peril.
A: Do you like dogs?
B: Don’t worry, I will be careful.
B: No, I think they are pests .
peril
pest
n. １．极大危险；２．［常pl.］危险的事（或环境）
n. １．有害生物，害虫；２．讨厌的人
at one’s peril （尤用于告诫某人勿做某事）自担风险
A: Stop pestering me!
A: Do you know the chemical symbol of gold?
B: Sorry, I did not realize that you were busy.
B: No, you better check the periodic table.
pester
periodic
vt. 不断打扰，纠缠
a. 周期的，定期的，时而发生的
A: As a farmer, I do not believe in using pesticides .
A: I have an article published in a new periodical.
B: That is a wise decision, but it must give you a lot of extra work.
B: Oh, what is the name of the journal?
periodical
32pesticide n. １．非法盗印（或复制）者，侵犯版权者；２．海盗
n. 沙虫剂，农药 vt. １．以海盗方式抢劫，抢掠；２．盗用，非法盗印（或复制）
A: Look at the colour of those petals . A: Do you know how the victim was killed?
B: Oh yes, the flowers are beautiful. B: He was shot with a pistol .
petal pistol
n. 花瓣 n. 手枪
A: Will you please sign my petition ? A: The engine has stopped working.
B: It depends what it is about. B: Oh, the pistons must have seized.
petition piston
n. 请愿书，申请书，诉状 n. 活塞
v. （向．．．）请愿，正式请求
A: I stayed up too late last night and I am now exhausted.
A: There has been an increase of petty crime in my region. B: Well, that is one of the major pitfalls of staying up late!
B: Oh, I heard about the car thefts. pitfall
petty n. １．隐患，易犯的错误；２．陷阱，圈套
a. １．小的，琐碎的，不重要的；２．气量小的，心胸狭窄的
A: What was your favourite thing about your visit to Italy?
A: Where can I get some medicine for my cold? B: The pizza , it was fantastic.
B: In the pharmacy , there is one around the corner. pizza
pharmacy n. 意大利馅饼，比萨饼
n. １．药房，药店；２．药剂学，配药
A: We are studying about the great plague in history class.
A: Doctor, I am feeling very ill. B: Isn’t that also called “The Black Death”?
B: Well, tell me your physiological symptoms. plague
physiological n. １．瘟疫，鼠疫；２．灾难，祸患
a. 生理的，生理学的 vt. 使痛苦（或难受），给．．．造成困难（或麻烦）
A: The post office workers are on strike . A: Emma is as thick as two planks .
B: Did they set up a picket outside the post office? B: Don’t be so cruel, I think she is quite intelligent actually.
picket plank
n. １．（罢工时的）纠察队，纠察队员；２．警戒队，警戒哨 n. １．厚木板（条）；２．政纲条目，政策要点
vt. １．在．．．设置纠察线；２．派．．．担任纠察，布置（警卫）警戒
vi. 担任纠察（或警戒哨） A: Was there much damage to your house during the storm?
B: No, just the plaster on the wall was cracked.
A: The view is exceptionally picturesque . plaster
B: I agree, it is very beautiful. n. １．灰浆，灰泥；２．石膏；３．橡皮膏，膏药
picturesque vt. １．在．．．上抹灰泥，厚厚地涂抹；２．粘贴于，张贴于，贴满
a. １．美丽如画的；２．（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的
A: Even though we are at a high altitude, I do not feel it.
A: You were gone so long I thought you had fallen off the end of the pier . B: That is because we are on a plateau , it can be deceptive.
B: No, I just stood and watched the boats leave the harbour. plateau
pier n. １．高原；２．（上升厚的）稳定时期（或状态）
n. （伸入水域的）码头，突堤
A: This time, please me a plausible excuse for being late.
A: You say your prayers with great piety . B: Well Sir, I still don’t think that you will believe me.
B: I’m quite devoted to my religion. plausible
piety . a.似有道理的，似乎正确的，貌似可信的
n. 虔诚，虔敬
A: We are sending out a plea for donations to our charity.
A: This is a holy site. B: Oh, I will respond to that.
B: How many pilgrims does it receive each year? plea
pilgrim n.1.恳求，请求
n. １．朝圣者；２．（在国外的）旅行者，漫游者 2.抗辩，答辩，辩护
3.借口，托辞
A: What is your favourite type of fruit?
B: I think it must be fresh pineapple . A: Mum, please, please can I stay up late tonight.
pineapple B: Despite how much you plead , the answer is still “No”.
n. 凤梨，菠萝 plead
vi.1.恳求，请求
A: Can you pinpoint the exact location of the building?
2.申诉，答辩，辩护
B: I’ll have to loot at a map. vt.1.为……辩护
pinpoint
2.提出……为理由（或借口）
vt. １．准确描述，确定，确认；２．准确地确定．．．的位置
n. 针尖，尖端 A: He suffered a terrible plight during the war.
a. 十分精确的 B: Yes, his story was horrific.
plight
A: What are you coming as to the fancy dress party?
n.困境，苦境
B: A pirate , and you can be my parrot if you wish.
pirate A: Could you please pluck the feathers off the chicken?
B: Oh, I hate that job, can someone else do it?
33pluck A: The weather is so cold it is almost polar .
vt.1.拔，摘，采 B: Oh, it is not that bad!
2.拔除……的毛 polar
3.弹，拨，弹奏 a.1.地极的，近地极的
vi.(at)拉，拽，拉扯 2.磁极的
n.勇气，胆量，决心 3.正好相反的，截然对立的
A: These plums are delicious. A: Is your shirt make from cotton?
B: Yeah, we’ve had a great crop this year. B: No, the fabric is man-made, it is polyester
plum polyester
n.李子，梅子 n.聚脂（纤维），涤纶
a.待遇好的
A: Wake up and pay attention!
A: The taps in the bathroom seem to be stuck again. B: Oh, I was not sleeping, I was just pondering on your comments.
B: Oh, the plumber just fixed them last week. ponder
plumber v.思索，考虑，沉思
n.管子工，水暖工
A: I got a pony for my birthday.
A: The plume on parrots is usually very colourful. B: Lucky you! Can I also learn how to ride it?
B: Yes, I particularly like the ones with red feathers. pony
plume n.矮种马，小马
n.1.（升上空中的）一缕（烟、尘土等）
2.羽毛，羽饰
A: Do we have any popcorn ?
B: No, you’ll just have to watch the movie without it.
A: Look at that plump little puppy. popcorn
B: Oh, he is so cute! n.爆玉米花，炒苞米
plump
a.丰满的，胖乎乎的
A: The Pope came to visit my country last year.
vi.1.(down)扑通倒（或坐）下，蓦地摔下
B: He must have drawn a large crowd.
2.(for)选定
pope
vt.1.使扑通倒（或坐）下，蓦地摔下 n.[常the P_]（天主教）教皇，罗马主教
2.(up)轻轻拍打使（枕头等）变得鼓起来
A: Is that vase made from porcelain ?
A: Many houses were plundered during the war. B: No, it is glass.
B: Yes, law and order were broken down. porcelain
plunder n.瓷，瓷器
vt.劫掠……的财物，掠夺
n.1.劫掠物，赃物
A: Where did you put my umbrella?
2.劫掠，抢夺
B: In the porch to dry.
porch
A: That is a nasty cough that you have. n.门廊
B: I think it may be pneumonia .
pneumonia
A: I had a cold shower to unblock my pores .
n.肺炎
B: Yes, I have heard that cold water is good for the skin.
pore
A: The film was very poignant . It showed the horrors of war. n.毛孔，细孔
B: I’m not sure if I’ll be strong enough to watch it. vi.(over)仔细阅读，审视
poignant
a.令人痛苦的，辛酸的，惨痛的
A: What do you think this painting is trying to portray ?
B: I’m not sure, let me have another look.
A: Did Linda give a good presentation at the conference? portray
B: Yes, she was full of poise and confidence. vt.1.描写，描绘
poise 2.扮演，饰演
n.1.稳重，镇定
2.（优美）姿势，姿态
A: Did you read the postscript on the letter?
3.平衡，平稳
B: No, I must not have read that far.
vt.使平衡，使平稳，平稳地拿
postscript
n.1.（信末签名后的）附言，又及
A: Stop poking me in the sides. 2.（正文后的）补充说明
B: I was just trying to make you laugh!
poke
A: You have excellent posture .
vt.1.戳，捅
B: Thanks, I used to be a dancer.
2.用……戳（或捅），把……戳向
posture
3.伸出，突出
n.1.姿势，姿态
vi.伸出，突出
2.看法，态度
n.戳，捅
vi.摆出（不自然的）姿势，装模作样
poke about/around
搜索，探问
poke fun at A: You recovered from your illness quickly.
拿……开玩笑，取笑 B: Yes, I took some potent medicine.
poke one's nose into potent
探问，干预 a.1.（药等）效力大的，威力大的
2.强有力的，有说服力的
34A: I made this cup and bowl! n.1.前任，前辈
B: Oh, did you take a pottery class? 2.（被取代的）原有事物，前身
pottery
n.1.陶器，陶瓷器皿
A: You rarely agree with the majority.
2.陶器制造（术）
B: Just because ideas are predominant , it does not make them right.
3.陶器厂
predominant
a.1.占主导地位的，显著的
A: How many chickens do you have on your poultry farm. 2.（在数量等方面）占优势的，占绝大多数的
B: Too many to count!
poultry A: What is the prefix to your local telephone number?
n.家禽，禽肉 B: I’m not sure, you better check the phone book.
prefix
A: Do you think we can overcome the problem? n.1.前缀
B: Well, we must look for a practicable solution first. 2.（人名前的）称谓
practicable vi.1.加……作为前缀
a.可行的，适用的 2.把……置于前面
A: How long have you been a doctor? A: What aspect of healthcare does your research focus on?
B: I have been a practitioner for five years. B: Early pregnancy and female attitudes towards childbirth.
practitioner pregnancy
n.开业者（尤指医师、律师等） n.怀孕，怀孕期
A: Do you have prairies in your country? A: I was a smaller than average child when I was born.
B: No, only large fields. B: Why, were you premature ?
prairie premature
n.（尤指北美的）大草原 a.1.比预期（或正常）时间早的
2.（做法等）不成熟的，仓促的
A: Does this dish have meat in it?
B: Well, there are some prawns , do you eat fish? A: Who is the Premier in your country?
prawn B: Oh, I can’t remember her name offhand.
n.对虾，明虾 premier
n.总理，首相
A: Please don’t peach to me. a.首要的，首位的，首次的
B: I wasn’t, I was just sharing my opinion.
preach A: I’ve rented the premises for two years.
vt.1.宣讲（教义），布（道） B: Do you think you will move away before then?
2.竭力鼓吹，宣传 premise
vi.布道，说教 n.1.[pl.]（企业、机构等使用的）房屋和地基，经营场址
2.前提，假设
A: That cliff looks precarious .
B: Yes, so don’t go near it. A: Do you own a car?
precarious B: No, I can’t afford the insurance premium .
a.1.不安全的，充满危险的 premium
2.不牢靠的，不稳固的 n.1.（投保人向保险公司支付的）保险金
2.额外费用，加付款
A: Drinks will precede the main meal.
3.奖品，赠品，额外津贴
B: So where shall we gather first?
a.1.高级的，优质的
precede
2.售价高的
vt.在……之前，先于 at a premium
1.奇缺的，难得的
2.以超过一般的价格，以高价
A: The case was historic.
put/place a premium on
B: Why, did it set a precedent ?
高度评价，重视
precedent
n.1.先例，范例，判例
2.惯例 A: Did you notice the beautiful sunset last night?
B: No, I was preoccupied with other matters.
preoccupy
A: Did Mr. Smith win the election?
vt.使全神贯注，使入神
B: No, he precipitated his downfall long ago.
precipitate
vt.1.（突如其来地）使发生，促成 A: I can get the medicines I need over the counter?
2.使沉淀，使沉析 B: No, you will have to go to a doctor for a prescription .
n.沉淀物 prescription
a.突如其来的 n.1.规定，规定性的东西（如条例、指示、命令等）
2.处方，药方，（医生开的）药
3.解救方法，诀窍
A: Did the case reach a conclusion?
B: No, the lack of firm evidence precluded a final decision.
preclude A: Who will preside over the meeting?
vt.阻止，排除，妨碍 B: Probably the president of the organization.
preside
vi.(at,over)主持，主管
A: Did you meet your predecessors before entering this company?
B: No, they left before I arrived.
predecessor
35A: I studied at the top university in my country. A: Was Gerard released from prison yet?
B: That must bring a lot of prestige . B: Yes, but just on probation at first.
prestige probation
n.威信，威望 n.1.缓刑（期），（以观后效的）察看
2.试用（期），试读（期）
A: You can presume I will be late for the meeting.
B: I will, you are always late A: Stop probing into my affairs, they are personal.
presume B: Sorry, I was just curious.
vt.1.推测，假定，（没有证据地）相信 probe
2.冒昧（做），擅（做） v.1.探索，查究，调查
3.认定，推定 2.用探针（或探测器等）探查，探测
vi.擅自行事 n.1.探针，探测器
presume on 2.探索，调查
（不正当地）利用
A: Did you follow the proceeding of the case on the news?
A: Do you get along well with David? B: Yes, and it was a fascinating trial.
B: No, he is far too pretentious and is always promoting himself. proceedings
pretentious n.1.进程，过程，议程
a.自命不凡的，自负的，炫耀的 2.诉讼，诉讼程序
3.会议录，公报
A: I left school under the pretext that I had been offered a good job.
B: And do you now think it was a wise decision? A: He proclaimed that he was the most famous man on the earth.
pretext B: People must have thought he was mad!
n.借口，托词 proclaim
vt.1.宣告，宣布，声明
A: The prevalent ideas are always the most popular.
2.显示
B: That is why they are the prevalent idea, silly!
prevalent A: Irene started playing the piano then she was just two.
a.流行的，普遍的 B: She must have been a prodigy .
prodigy
A: I think I have seen the film that you mentioned.
n.奇才，天才（尤指神童）
B: You can’t have. It has not even been previewed yet.
preview A: Did you have a productive day?
n.1.（电影、戏剧等的）预映，预演，预先审查（或检查） B: Yes, I did lots of work that I did not think I would get done.
2.（电影等的）预告（片） productive
a.1.多产的，富饶的
A: That is a huge bird.
2.富有成效的
B: Yes, it must be some type of bird of prey , perhaps an eagle.
prey A: We have doubled the productivity of the factory in two years.
n.1.被捕食的动物，捕获物 B: Wow, you all must have worked very hard.
2.受害者 productivity
v.1.(on)捕食 n.生产力，生产率
2.折磨，使烦恼
fall prey to A: I must profess my satisfaction with your work.
成为……的牺牲品，深受……之害
B: I am glad that you are pleased with my efforts.
profess
A: You are bleeding! vt.1.表示，承认
B: Oh, it is not serious, I just pricked my thumb on a needle. 2.宣称信仰
prick
vt.1.刺，扎，戳
A: What level of proficiency have you reached in French?
2.刺痕，刺痛
B: Oh, I am just a beginner.
3.使内心极度痛苦
proficiency
vi.引起（或感到）刺痛 n.熟练，精通
n.1.刺，扎，戳
2.刺痛
A: I have to close sown my business.
3.刺痕，刺孔
B: Why, I thought it was profitable .
prick up one's ears
profitable
（使）竖起耳朵注意听，（使）立刻注意起来
a.有利可图的，有益的
A: Do you like sharing a room with your sister?
A: That was a profound book.
B: No, I would prefer my own privacy .
B: Yes, it made me think a great deal about the issues being discussed.
privacy
profound
n.1.（不受干扰的）个人自由
a.1.深度的，深切的，深远的
2.隐私，私生活，私事
2.知识渊博的，见解深刻的
3.深奥的
A: What is the probability of rain today?
B: Well, considering that it rains almost everyday here, I think the chances are quite high.
A: His ideas proliferated rapidly through the country.
probability
B: Yes, he got a lot of help from the national press and media.
n.1.可能性，可能发生的事
proliferate
2.概率
vi.激增，扩散，（迅速）繁殖，增生
in all probability
十有八九，很可能
36A: I am developing a new drug to help prolong life. A: Did you meet your prospective employer yet?
B: I know a drug already, it is called exercise! B: I will when I start work on Monday.
prolong prospective
vt.延长，拉长，拖延 a.预期的，未来的，可能的
A: You have a very promising career ahead of you. A: They prospered when they moved to another country.
B: And I have you to thank for starting me off. B: I ma glad to hear that they have done well.
promising prosper
a.有希望的，有前途的 vi.兴旺，繁荣，成功
A: You have a bad cold again. A: Are you a Christian?
B: Yes, I have been terribly prone to illness this winter. B: Yes, I am a protestant .
prone Protestant
a.1.(to)易于……的，很可能……的 n.新教徒
2.俯卧的 a.新教徒的
A: The window will not stay open. A: Did the factory manufacture your car design?
B: Here, prop it up with this stick. B: No, they will make a prototype first and then see how it works.
prop prototype
vt.支撑 n.原型
n.1.支柱，支撑物
2.支持者，后盾，靠山
A: Do you know any old proverbs ?
prop up B: No, I have a terrible memory.
支持，资助
proverb
n.谚语，俗语，格言
A: How was the government propaganda disseminated?
B: Through the newspapers and the TV. A: James is always making provocative statements.
propaganda B: Oh, he is just trying to attract attention.
n.宣传
provocative
a.1.挑衅的，煽动的，刺激的
A: Did you grow all of these plants from seed? 2.挑逗的
B: Yes, I propagated them indoors.
propagate A: I live in close proximity to my university.
vt.1.繁殖，增殖
B: Oh, that must be very convenient.
2.传播，宣传，使普及
proximity
vi.繁殖，增殖 n.接近，邻近
A: Rebecca is a great tennis player. A: Mr. Evans is always quite prudent with his comments.
B: Yes, she is able to propel the ball through the air at great speed. B: Well, he does not want to offend, and so must be careful with what he says.
propel prudent
vt.1.推进，推动 a.审慎的，小心谨慎的
2.激励，驱使
A: I have been in the bath for too long.
A: Do you believe in prophecy ? B: Now you look like a prune .
B: No, I just live each day as it comes. prune
prophecy n.1.洋李，李子
n.预言，预言能力 2.修剪，修整
3.删除，削减
A: Who founded your religion?
B: A prophet from Iran. A: Stop reading my letters!
prophet B: Oh, I wasn’t intending to pry , but you just left them on my desk.
n.1.先知
pry
2.预言者 vi.窥探，刺探，打听
vt.1.撬动，撬开，撬起
A: Vivienne, I have a proposition for you. 2.费力地得到，使劲分开
B: Go ahead, I am eager to hear it.
proposition A: I think Chris is suffering from mental illness.
n.1.论点，主张
B: Yes, I think he needs to see a psychiatrist .
2.建议，提案
psychiatrist
3.命题 n.精神科医生，精神病专家
A: Do you write only poetry? A: What’s for pudding , Dad?
B: No, I write some prose as well, mainly short stories. B: Would you like some ice-cream?
prose pudding
n.散文 n.布丁
A: Was the thief arrested? A: Be careful! Don’t step in the puddle .
B: Yes, and he was prosecuted in the court yesterday. B: Oh, I did not see it , thanks.
prosecute puddle
vt.1.对……提起公诉，告发，检举 n.（雨）水坑，泥潭
2.继续从事
vi.起诉，告发
37A: Have you ever smoked a cigarette? 2.金字塔形结构
B: I just had a puff once. 3.锥状物，棱锥状的一堆东西
puff
vi.1.喘气，喘息
2.一口一口地抽烟（或喷烟）
3.喷着烟（或蒸汽）移动
Q
vt.1.边喷边吸（烟），抽（烟）
2.喷出，使一阵阵吹（或喷）
n.1.（抽）一口烟，（空气、烟雾等的）一股 A: Your town is quaint .
2.喘气，喘息 B: I think it is too small.
quaint
puff out
使膨胀，使肿胀 a. 奇特而有趣的，古色古香的
puff up
肿起，肿胀，傲慢，自负，趾高气扬，盛气凌人 A: I am conducting qualitative research into the factors affecting female education rates in schools.
B: Sounds fascinating, tell me more.
qualitative
A: There is no need to beat the mixture to a pulp !
B: Oh, sorry, I wasn’t paying attention. a. （性）质的，质量的，定性的
pulp
n.1.果泥，菜泥，酱 A: How would you rate your performance in the exam?
2.果肉，瓜瓤，植物的肉质部分 B: At this stage it is too difficult to quantify .
3.纸浆 quantify
4.低级书刊 vt. 确定．．．的数量，量化
a.低级的
vt.使成浆状
A: My research is mainly quantitative .
B: Oh, I have never had a head for figures myself.
A: Would you like some pumpkin for dinner? quantitative
B: I would prefer some potatoes please. a. （数）量的，定量的
pumpkin
n.南瓜
A: How much water should we bring on our camping trip?
B: Oh, perhaps six quarts .
A: Lisa enjoys playing with puppets . quart
B: So I noticed, but their strings keep knotting. n. 夸脱
puppet
n.1.木偶
A: Is your magazine published every month?
2.傀儡，受人操纵的人（或集团）
B: No, it is a quarterly .
quarterly
A: My dog had a litter of puppies last week. a. 季度的，每季一次的
B: Oh how cute, how many were in it? ad. 按季度，一季一次
puppy n. 季刊
n.小狗，幼犬
A: What is that unusual stone?
A: Was your book published? B: I think it must be quartz .
B: Yes, after it had been purged of all the interesting material. quartz
purge n. 石英
vt.清洗，清除，使净化
n.1.清洗，清除异己 A: The boat will leave the quay at ten o’clock.
2.泻药 B: OK, I’ll make sure I will be there on time.
quay
A: You drink a lot of water every day. n. 码头
B: Yes, it helps to purify my body.
purify A: That was a queer event.
vt.1.使纯净，提纯
B: Yes, I thought it was a little strange also.
2.使纯洁
queer
a. １．奇怪的，异常的；２．不舒服的，眩晕的
A: You are a picture of purity in that dress!
B: Thanks, I will take it as a compliment. A: I’m so thirsty!
purity B: Here is a drink to quench your thirst.
n.纯净，纯洁，纯正
quench
vt. 止（渴），扑灭（火焰）
A: Why are you going to Africa?
B: I’m in pursuit of my dreams. A: Excuse me, Sir, I have a query .
pursuit B: You can ask questions later.
n.1.追求，寻求
query
2.追赶，追逐 n. 问题，疑问，询问
3.[常pl.]（花时间和精力的）事，嗜好，消遣 v. １．对．．．表示疑问；２．问，询问
in hot pursuit
穷追不舍
A: Where are you going?
B: I’m on a quest to find some hidden treasure!
A: I am very interested in Egyptian history. quest
B: Yes, the pyramids fascinate me! n. 寻求，搜索，追求
pyramid
n.1.金字塔
38A: Excuse me, do you have a few moments to fill in this questionnaire ? A: I want to do some gardening, did you see the rake?
B: Sorry, I am busy right now. B: Yes, it is in the garage.
questionnaire rake
n. （做统计或调查用的）问卷，征求意见表 n.1.耙，草耙，钉齿耙; 2.斜度，倾角
vi.1.耙 ; 2.搜索，核查
A: Is that a new quilt you have on your bed?
vt.1.耙集，耙平，耙松; 2.扫射，扫过
B: Yes, my grandmother knitted it. rake in
大量敛集（钱财）
quilt
n. 被子 rake up
1.耙集，集拢，耙开，扒开; 2.翻出（旧事等）重提
A: Why are you quivering , it is not cold.
B: Oh, I think it is freezing! A: I am constructing a ramp to avoid the steps up to my building.
quiver B: Good, that will take it accessible to wheelchairs.
vi. 颤抖，发抖，抖动 ramp
n. 颤抖，抖动，颤声 n.1.斜面，坡道; 2.活动舷梯，轻便梯
A: Would you like another chocolate bar? A: The rats are rampant on my farm.
B: No thanks, I’ve had my quota for this week! B: Why don’t you get a cat to kill them?
quota rampant
n. 定额，限额，配额 a.1.（犯罪、疾病等）猖獗的，肆虐的; 2.（植物）蔓生的，过于繁茂的
R A: How many horses do you have on your ranch?
B: Oh, I have both trained and wild horses, but I’m not sure how many.
ranch
A: I’m taking part in a march against racism.
n.1.大牧场; 2.饲养场
B: Great, I hope that it helps the various different nationalities in the country.
racism
n.1.种族歧视，种族偏见; 2.种族主义 A: You were lucky to get into this university.
B: I was indeed lucky, I chose it at random.
random
A: Would you like to have a game of tennis?
a.任意的，随机的
B: I’d love to, but I don’t have a racket.
at random
racket
随便的，任意的
n.1.喧嚷，吵闹; 2.敲诈，勒索，诈骗; 3.（网球等的）球拍
A: Do you enjoy being a park ranger?
A: You look radiant tonight.
B: Oh yes, I love the outdoors.
B: Thanks for the compliment.
ranger
radiant
n.1.国家公园管理员，护林员; 2.骑兵巡逻队员
a.1.容光焕发的，喜形于色的; 2.光芒四射的，光辉灿烂的; 3.辐射的
A: My boss was kidnapped!
A: Wow, the weather was hot today.
B: Was he held for ransom?
B: Yes, the sun radiated great heat.
ransom
radiate
n.赎金
v.1.发出（光或热），辐射; 2.流露，显示
vt.赎出，赎回
hold sb to ransom
A: I heard that radioactive waste was dumped into the sea. 掳某人索赎，要挟某人
B: I know, isn’t it shocking?
radioactive
A: Can you make a song out of your poem?
a.放射性的，有辐射能的
B: No, but I could try to rap it.
rap
A: I want to rent a house within two mile radius of my workplace. vt.1.（轻而快地）敲击，急敲; 2.(out)突然厉声说出; 3.责备，训斥
B: That is a sensible decision. n.（轻快的）敲击（声），急敲（声）
radius
n.1.半径，半径范围; 2.周围，范围
A: For what offence was the criminal convicted?
B: He was convicted for two counts of rape.
A: Did you buy a new computer?
rape
B: No, I won it in a raffle. vt./n.强奸
raffle
n.对奖售物，抽彩
A: I didn’t realize that you were going to move house.
vt.(off)用对奖办法出售
B: I didn’t either until yesterday, it was a rash decision.
rash
A: How did you travel down the river? a.轻率的，鲁莽的
B: We built a raft and floated down it. n.1.疹，皮疹; 2.（短时期内）爆发的一连串
raft
n.1.木排，木筏; 2.充气救生筏，救生圈
A: Has the government ratified the international treaty?
vt.用筏子运送
B: Not yet, they are still consulting with other nations about it.
vi.乘筏子渡河
ratify
vt.正式批准，使正式生效，认可
A: Did you climb to the top of the mountain?
B: No, the cliffs were too ragged and dangerous to climb.
A: My novel made it into the top ten books of the year.
ragged
B: Well done, that is an excellent rating.
a.1.（衣服）破旧的，褴褛的; 2.衣衫褴褛的; 3.不规则的，参差不齐的，凸凹不平的;
rating
4.粗糙的，不完善的，差劲的
n.1.等级，品级，评定结果; 2.[pl.]（电视节目的）收视率，（广播节目的）收听率
39A: Would you like another cup of coffee? A: Elaine was one of the top students in the university.
B: No thanks, I’ve had my ration for the day. B: Yes, I heard that she was the recipient of the “Student of the Year” award.
ration recipient
n.1.配给量，定量; 2.[常pl.]给养，口粮 n.接受者，接收者
vt.配给供应，定量供应
A: Mr. Clancy highly respects you.
A: The car rattles every time we drive over a bump. B: Well, we have reciprocal respect for each other, I think he is a wonderful man.
B: Perhaps you should get it fixed. reciprocal
rattle a.相互的，互惠的
vi.1.发格格声，发连续短促的尖叫声; 2.飞奔，咯嚓咯嚓地行进
vt.1.使碰撞作响，使发出连续短促的尖叫声 ; 2.使窘迫不安，激怒，使恐惧惊慌 A: Can you recite any poems form your memory?
n.1.连续短促的尖叫声，碰撞声; 2.连续发声的玩具，拨浪鼓
B: I wish that I could, but I have a terrible memory.
rattle off recite
飞快地说出 vt.1.背诵，朗诵; 2.列举，一一说出
rattle on vi.背诵，朗诵
1.飞奔; 2.喋喋不休地讲话
A: Tim is a reckless and dangerous driver.
A: Michael simply raved about this film. B: I know, I keep telling him that he will have an accident one day.
B: I don’t know why, I think it is terrible. reckless
rave a.鲁莽的，草率的，不考虑后果的
vi.1.胡言乱语，说胡话; 2.(about)极力赞美
a.赞扬（性）的
A: Most of Holland is reclaimed from the sea.
B: Yes, that is why they are so worried about flooding.
A: Why didn’t you shave today? reclaim
B: I ran out of razors. vt.1.改正，改造; 2.开垦（荒地），开拓; 3.回收;4.要求（或主张）收回，要求（或主张）恢复
razor
n.剃刀
A: Are you and Mary friends again?
B: Yes, we reconciled our differences.
A: You have a good crop of this year.
reconcile
B: Yes, we reaped a good one alright. vt.1.使协调; 2.使和解; 3.(to)使顺从（于），使甘心（于）
reap
vt.1.收割，收获
A: Have they reached reconciliation yet?
2.获得，得到
B: No, they are still fighting over the terms of their relationship.
reconciliation
A: Please don’t forget to give me back my book. n.和解，调和
B: I reassure you again, I’ll have it back to you by the end of the week.
reassure
A: How many sides does a rectangle have?
vt.向……再保证，使消除疑虑，使放心
B: Four, Sir.
rectangle
A: Did you hear about the rebellion in the Congo? n.长方形，矩形
B: No, what were the rebels fighting against?
rebellion
A: Car you describe you bedroom to me?
n.反叛，反抗
B: Well, it is rectangular in shape and is painted bright yellow.
rectangular
A: My father rebuked me for breaking window. a.长方形的，矩形的
B: Well, he has every right to be upset.
rebuke
A: Dad, I’ve made a serious mistake.
n.指责，训斥
B: Don’t worry, I’m sure we can rectify the situation.
rectify
A: Do you remember my tenth birthday? vt.纠正，修复
B: I’m sorry, the occasion seems to have receded from my memory.
recede
A: Doctor, I have a recurring dream.
vi.1.退，退去，渐渐远去; 2.向后倾斜，缩进
B: Do you mean that you have the same dream every night?
recur
A: The students at the lecture were very attentive. vi.再发生，重现
B: Yes, they are always receptive to new ideas.
receptive
A: Please don’t put the paper in the rubbish bin, I will recycle it.
a.（对知识、思想等）接受能力强的，能迅速接受的
B: Oh, of course, it is a good idea to use it again.
recycle
A: What time is your recess at? vt.回收利用（废物等）
B: We have lunch at 12:30 every day.
recess
A: I sold you watch.
n.1.（工作等）暂停，休息，休庭; 2.课间休息 ; 3.凹处，凹室，壁龛; 4.[常pl.]深处，幽深处，隐秘处
B: Oh no, I want it back, can it be redeemed?
vi.暂停，休会，休庭
redeem
vt.1.弥补，补偿，抵消
A: This cake is fantastic. Can I have the recipe? 2.解救，救赎
B: I’m sorry, the ingredients are a secret 3.(oneself)使免咎，挽回声誉
recipe 4.履行，遵守（诺言）
n.1.烹饪法，食谱 5.将（股票、债券等）兑取现金
2.方法，秘诀，诀窍 6.赎回（抵押品）
40A: I have some bad news, I was made redundant. rehabilitate
B: Oh no, why did you lose your job? vt.1.改造（罪犯等），使恢复正常生活; 2.使恢复原状，修复 ; 3.恢复……的名誉
redundant
a.1.（因人员过剩而）被解雇的; 2.多余的，过剩的
A: Is this the opening night of your performance?
B: No, it is just the final rehearsal.
A: We were fishing, but our boat got caught in some reeds. rehearsal
B: How did you manage to get out of them? n.排练，排演
reed
n.1.芦苇，芦丛
A: How long has the King reigned?
2.簧舌，簧片
B: Perhaps he has been the king for too long!
reign
A: I would love to go diving off the coast of Australia. n.君主的统治，君主统治时期
B: Me too, I have heard that the reefs are incredible. vi.1.当政，统治 ; 2.占主导地位
reef
n.礁，暗礁
A: I lost control of the horse.
B: What happened? Did you let go of the reins?
A: Did you catch any fish? rein
B: No, I had one, but it was so heavy it broke my reel. n.缰绳
reel vt.勒缰使（马）停步
n.卷轴，卷筒，卷盘 rein in
vi.1.摇摇晃晃地移动，蹒跚; 2.眩晕，发昏 严格控制，严加管束
vt. (in,up)卷，绕 give (free) rein to
reel off 对……不加约束，放任，给……充分自由
一口气说，重复
A: My wife just gave birth to a baby boy.
A: That was a foul. B: Rejoice! That is great news.
B: No, is wasn’t. Where is the referee? He’ll decide. rejoice
referee vi.感到高兴，充满喜悦
n.1.裁判员; 2.证明人，推荐人 ; 3.仲裁者，调解者
v.当裁判
A: I dropped the baton during the relay race.
B: It’s OK, Your team members caught up quickly.
A: Do you know all the words to the song? relay
B: Not all of them, only the refrain. n.1.接力赛 ; 2.中继转播（设备）
refrain vt.1.传送，传达，转述; 2.中继转播
vt.(from)抑制，克制，戒除
n.（诗歌的）叠句，副歌
A: Did you get promoted to a higher position in the army?
B: No, I was actually relegated to a lower rank.
A: Will there be any refreshments at the party? relegate
B: I am sure that there will at least be some drinks. vt.使降级，使降职
refreshment
n.1.[pl.]茶点，点心 ; 2.（精力的）恢复，精神爽快 A: My efforts as a mother are relentless.
B: Yes, you never get a break.
A: Did you find a place to sleep for the night in the mountains? relentless
B: Yes, we found refuge in a cave. a.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的
refuge
n.庇护所，避难处，庇护
A: My car is always breaking down.
B: That make of car is not known for its reliance.
A: My new coat does not fit me. reliance
B: Will you be able to get a refund if you take it back to the shop? n.依靠，依赖
refund
n.退款
A: Did you see the relics in the museum?
vt.退还（钱款）
B: Yes, they were old and beautiful.
relics
A: During the debate he refuted all of my arguments. n.1.遗物，遗迹，遗产
B: I hope that you also proved some of his arguments were wrong. 2.遗体，尸骸
refute
vt.驳斥，驳倒
A: He ate his meal with great relish.
B: He must have been hungry.
A: What’s their form of government? relish
B: It is a military regime. vt.享受，从……中获得乐趣
regime n.1.（美食等的）享受，滋味，乐趣; 2.调味品
n.政治制度，政权
A: What shall I do with the remainder of the cake?
A: There is a new regiment of army troops in the city. B: Oh, put it in the fridge, I shall save it for later.
B: Oh, where are they based? remainder
regiment n.余下的部分，剩下的人数
n.1.（军队的）团 ; 2.大量
vt.严格地管制，严密地编组
A: Looking at these old photos brings tears to my eyes.
B: Yes, they are reminiscent of old times.
A: Mathew rehabilitated quickly following the accident. reminiscent
B: Yes, he made a speedy recovery. a.1.(of)使人想起……的 ; 2.怀旧的，缅怀往事的
41A: Did you get a new carpet? A: Would you like to come to the zoo with me?
B: Yes, but it was just a remnant, so it was cheap. B: So long as we can visit the reptile house, I love snakes
remnant reptile
n.残留部分 n.爬行动物
A: Did you hear the tragic news? A: Are you sure that you are twins? I don’t see the resemblance.
B: Yes, and it filled me with remorse and sadness. B: Oh, we are twins, but not identical twins.
remorse resemblance
n.痛恨，悔恨，自责 n.相似，形似
A: I am very interested in Renaissance art and music. A: I resent the fact that I was sent to boarding school.
B: Yes, it was a fascinating time in history. B: But at least you received a good education.
renaissance resent
n.1.[the R_]（欧洲14至16世纪的）文学复兴，文艺复兴时期; 2.（文学、艺术等的）复兴，再生 vt.对……表示忿恨，怨恨
A: Harold renounced his own son. A: In which part of the city do you live?
B: Gosh, what did his son do that was so bad? B: I currently reside on the east side.
renounce reside
vt.1.声明放弃，抛弃 ; 2.宣布中止 vi.1.居住，定居 ; 2.（in）（性质等）存在，在于
A: When will you move into the old cottage? A: Do you live in the centre of the city?
B: Well, I have to renovate it first and then it will be ready. B: No, in a residential area in the suburbs.
renovate residential
vt.修复，整修……如新，革新，更新 a.1.居住的，住宅的; 2.（学生）寄宿的，（须）住宿在任所的
A: My brother is a renowned pianist. A: The event held great resonance with me.
B: Oh, what is his name? I’m sure that I have heard of him. B: It was an important event for me also.
renown resonance
n.名望，声誉 n.1.回声，反响，洪亮 ; 2.共鸣，共振
A: Would you like to come on holidays with me? A: Was there any change in his behaviour after taking the medicine?
B: I’d love to, but I have too much many debts to repay and I can’t afford it. B: No, there were no visible changers in his resultant behaviour.
repay resultant
vt.1.归还（款项） ; 2.报答 ; 3.报复 a.作为结果的，因而发生的
A: Did you get a loan from the bank? A: I’m not giving in until you retaliate.
B: No, it was repealed at the last minute. B: Never! I will not give up!
repeal retaliate
vt.废止，撤消 vi.报复
A: Water and oil repel each other. A: His motor skills were retarded following the accident.
B: Funny, they usually say that opposites attract. B: Yes, it is just a shame that he was so badly affected.
repel retarded
vt.1.使厌恶; 2.击退，逐回，驱除; 3.排斥 a.智力迟钝的，智力发育迟缓的
A: Were their any repercussions to your actions? A: Do you easily remember telephone numbers?
B: There were no consequences, as far as I am aware. B: No, my memory retention is every bad.
repercussion retention
n.[常pl.]（不良的）影响，反响，后果 n.保留，保持
A: Do you know any more songs? A: Did he reply to your comment?
B: No, I have just exhausted my repertoire. B: Yes, but he retorted in a very sharp manner.
repertoire retort
n.（剧团、演员等的）全部节目，全部本领，全部功能 n.反驳，回嘴
A: Repression of emotion is not healthy. A: OH no, my hat has fallen into the river!
B: But I find it difficult to express myself. B: It’s Ok. I think I’ll be able to retrieve it.
repression retrieve
n.压抑，压制，镇压 vt.1.重新得到，取回，收回;2.挽回，补救;3.检索
A: Has there been reprisal in the war yet? A: Did you enjoy your year abroad?
B: No, both sides are still fighting. B: At the time it was difficult, but in retrospect I think I learned a lot.
reprisal retrospect
n.报复，报复行动 n.回顾
in retrospect
回想起来，事后看来
A: My mother reproached me for not attending school.
B: Well, I’m sure that she only did it for your own benefit.
reproach A: We are having a family reunion next week.
n./vt.责备，批评 B: Oh, how long has it been since you saw your aunts and uncles?
reunion
n.1.重聚，团聚
2.（久别后的）聚会，联谊活动
42A: I have just had a major revelation! rim
B: Don’t tell me you have decided what you are going to do for the rest of your life! n.（圆形物体的）边，缘
revelation vt.环绕（圆形或环形物的）边缘
n.1.被揭示的真相，（惊人的）新发现
2.揭示，透露，显示
A: I have not used those plates for a long time.
B: I’ll just give them a quick rinse then to wash off the dust.
A: I am sorry that you lost the tennis match. rinse
B: Oh, I will seek revenge next time! v.1.漂洗，冲洗
revenge 2.用清水漂洗掉（肥皂沫等）
n.报复，报仇 n.1.漂洗，冲洗
vt.为……报仇，报……之仇 2.染发剂
A: He revere me, I don’t know why. A: Oh no, I ripped my jeans.
B: Well, you are a great and kind person, that is why! B: Don’t worry. I’ll be able to mend them.
revere rip
vt.尊崇，崇敬，敬畏 v.扯破，撕坏
n.裂口，裂缝
A: Are you ready for the exam? rip into
B: No, I haven’t done enough revision. 猛攻，猛击
revision
n.1.修订，修改，修正;2.修订本，修订版; 3.复习，温习 A: I comb my hair 100 times a day.
B: That sounds like a ritual
A: The man drowned in the water! ritual
B: Oh, I thought that he was revived just in time.
n.1.（宗教等的）仪式
revive
2.例行公事，老规矩
vt.使复苏 a.1.作为仪式一部分的
vi.恢复 2.例行的
A: Is there any rivalry between you and your brothers?
A: His position in the government was revoked when he committed the crime.
B: Well, a person like that does not deserve such a high position. B: No, we all get along very well.
revoke rivalry
vt.撤销，取消，废除 n.竞争，竞赛，对抗
A: My essay revolved around three central ideas. A: What did you do in the city last night?
B: Oh, can you explain them to me please? B: Oh, I just roamed around looking at the shops.
revolve roam
vt.旋转 v.随便走，漫步，漫游
revolve around
以……为主要内容 A: Why are you wearing a robe?
B: I’m pretending to be a king!
A: Did the conference produce some good actions? robe
B: No, it just rested at he level of rhetoric, the participants were all talk.
n.1.长袍，礼服，法衣
rhetoric
2.睡袍，浴衣
n.1.雄辩言辞，虚夸的言辞; 2.修辞学 v.（使）穿上长袍（或浴衣等）
A: Does your poem rhyme? A: That horse is robust and healthy.
B: No, I just wrote it in blank verse. B: Yes, he is a strong one indeed.
rhyme robust
n.1.韵，押韵; 2.同韵词，押韵词 a.强壮的，健康的
vi.押韵，用韵
vt.使成韵，用……押韵 A: Have you had any romance recently?
B: No, I don’t have a girlfriend.
A: I have a riddle for you. romance
B: Oh, I’m not clever enough for your riddles! n.1.恋爱，恋爱关系
riddle
2.浪漫气愤，传奇色彩
n.1.谜（语） ; 2.猜不透的难题，难解之迷 ; 3.粗筛，格筛 3.爱情小说，传奇故事
vt.1.（用粗筛）筛 ; 2.把……打得满是窟窿，把……弄得处处穿孔
A: Did you buy the old table?
A: Let’s set sail on the boat now. B: No, we realized that the legs were rotting.
B: No, we have to rig it up properly first. rot
rig
v.（使）腐烂，（使）腐朽
vt.1.（用不正当手段）操纵，垄断; 2.给（船、桅杆）装配帆及索具; 3.(up)用临时替代材料迅速搭起 n.腐烂，腐朽
n.1.船桅（或船帆等）的装置; 2.成套器械
A: This machine is not working.
A: Did you enjoy your morning at the gym? B: Oh, the rotary blades must have jammed.
B: Well, it was rigorous, but good exercise. rotary
rigorous
a.旋转的，转动的
a.1.严密的，缜密的
2.严格的，严厉的 A: You have rouge lips.
B: That is because I’m wearing red lipstick.
A: The rim on this cup is chipped. rouge
B: Oh, I let it fall earlier and it broke.
43n.胭脂 n.车辙，槽，凹痕
vt.用胭脂擦 in a rut
墨守成规，一成不变
A: Excuse me, but could you tell me how I get to the nearest police station?
B: Certainly, go straight through the next roundabout and it is on your left. A: Why are you throwing away all your old toys?
roundabout B: I am being ruthless with my belongings.
n.1.绕行线路，绕道，环状交叉路 ruthless
2.旋转木马 a.1.无情的，冷酷的，残忍的
a.绕道的，绕圈子的，不直截了当的 2.坚决的，彻底的
A: What did you do with the royalties from your book? U
B: I invested the money in my education.
royalty A: Did he give you a choice of options?
n.1.王族（成员） B: No, he offered me no ultimatum .
2.[常pl.]（著作的）版税 ultimatum
n. 最后通牒
A: What type of stone is in your necklace?
B: I think that it is a ruby. A: Ultraviolet light is harmful to our skin.
ruby B: So you better wear some sunscreen when you are out in the sun.
n.红宝石，红宝石色 ultraviolet
a. 紫外线的
A: The sheets on the bed are all ruffled, were you sleeping?
B: No, I was just jumping on the bed A: Were you all able to come to a unanimous decision?
ruffle B: No, one person disagreed with us.
v.1.弄皱，弄乱 unanimous
2.激怒，扰乱 a. 全体一致的，一致同意的
n.褶裥饰边
A: I didn’t think that you would be able to carry the heavy box.
A: Have you ever been to a rugby match? B: Well, you shouldn’t have underestimated my strength.
B: No, just to a football match. underestimate
rugby vt. 对……估计不足，低估
n.橄榄球 n. 估计不足，低估
A: Oh, my stomach is rumbling! A: I don’t understand the ideas that underlie your essay.
B: You better have something to eat. B: Oh, let me explain them again.
rumble underlie
vi.1.发隆隆声，发辘辘声 vt. 构成……的基础（或起因），引起
2.隆隆地行进，发辘辘声行进
3.闹嚷，使人不得安宁
A: What is the underlying reason for doing this journey?
vt.察觉，看穿，识破
B: To explore a new region of the country.
n.隆隆声，辘辘声
underlying
a. 含蓄的，潜在的
A: What are you rummaging in your bag for?
B: I lost my keys.
A: Philip always undermines my opinions.
rummage
B: Don’t worry, he is just trying to start an argument.
vi./n.翻找，搜寻
undermine
vt. 1。暗中破坏，逐渐削弱；2。侵蚀……的基础
A: Has the plane taken off yet?
B: No, it is still on the runway.
A: Even my underwear got wet in the rain.
runway
B: That must have been a heavy shower.
n.（机场的）跑道
underwear
n. 衬衣，内衣
A: The flood ruptured the river-banks.
B: Oh, I did not realize it was that serious.
A: Doctor, do I really need to undress ?
rupture
B: Well, I need to examine your back.
n.1.破裂，裂开
undress
2.（关系的）决裂，断绝
vi. 脱衣服
v.（使）破裂
vt. 除去……的衣服
n. 裸体（或半裸体）的状态
A: What is that rustling in the leaves?
B: It must be a bird or a mouse.
A: There is a high rate of unemployment in my region.
rustle
B: But I hear that it is not as bad as last year.
vi.沙沙作响，发出瑟瑟声
unemployment
vt.1.使沙沙作响
n. 失业，失业人数
2.偷盗（牛、马等）
n.沙沙声，簌簌声
A: Haven’t you finished the book yet?
rustle up
凑集到，草草弄好 B: No, the plot is just unfolding .
unfold
vi 1。展开，打开；2。显露，展现
A: I fell into a rut in the back field.
vt. 展开，打开
B: I hope that it was not too deep.
rut
44A: Let’s all sing a song. A: Do you have a vase of the flowers?
B: Do you think that will help to unify our group? B: No, will this bottle do?
unify vase
vt. 1。使联合，统一；2。使相同，使一致 n. 花瓶
A: Gavin unleashed some nasty comments at me. A: Where did you put the expensive diamond?
B: Don’t mind him, he is always rude. B: I locked it in a vault in the bank for safe keeping.
unleash vault
vt. 1。发泄，发出；2。解带子放开 n. 1。储藏室，金库，保险库；2。墓穴，教堂地下室；3。撑杆跳；4。拱顶
vt. 用手支撑跃过，撑杆跳过
A: Did you hear the latest news?
B: No, can you update me on the details? A: Would you like beef or chicken for dinner tonight?
update B: Neither, I am a vegetarian.
vt. 更新，使现代化 vegetarian
n. 最新信息 n. 素食者，草食动物
A: You always stick to your word. A: Why are you covering your face with a veil?
B: Yes, I like to uphold my principles. B: Because I’m a Muslim and it is part of my religious practice.
uphold veil
vt. 支持，维护，赞成，认可 n. 1。面纱，面罩；2。遮盖物，掩饰物
vt. 遮盖，掩饰
A: There was an uprising in my country in the 1920s. draw a veil over 避而不谈，隐瞒
B: Was that when you declared an independent nation?
uprising A: Did you give blood at the hospital?
n. 起义，暴动 B: Yes, but the nurse had difficulty finding a vein.
vein
A: There will be uproar if my homework is not submitted in time. n. 1.静脉，血管; 2.叶脉; 3.纹理,纹路; 4.方式
B: Oh, but you are usually such a good student.
uproar A: Do you know what velocity the wind was yesterday?
n. 吵闹，喧嚣，骚乱 B: No, I didn’t listen to the weather forecast.
velocity
A: I heard that some toxic uranium was dumped into the sea. n. 速度，速率
B: Yes, it is shocking news.
uranium A: I wore a velvet dress to the dinner party.
n. 铀 B: I am sure that you looked very elegant.
velvet
A: There is a terrible smell of urine in this room. n. 天鹅绒, 丝线
B: I agree, but I don’t know where it is coming from.
urine A: I finished my book with a vengeance.
n. 尿 B: I am sure you are glad that it is finished now.
vengeance
A: The usher directed me to the wrong seat. n. 报仇, 报复, 复仇
B: Oh, I think that he has just started the job. with a vengeance 猛烈地, 激烈地, 极度地
usher
n. 引座员，招待员，迎宾员 A: Sorry for screaming at you.
vt. 1。引，领，陪同；2。预报（……的来到），宣告；3，创始，开辟 B: It’s OK. I understand that you just had to vent your anger.
vent
A: Can we make this dish for dinner tonight? n. 1.通风口，排放口; (衣服底部的)开衩
B: No, I don’t have the right cooking utensils . vt. 表达，发泄(情感等)
utensil give vent to 表达，发泄(感情等)
n. 器皿，器具
A: Can we open a window to ventilate the room?
V B: Sorry, but the window is jammed.
ventilate
vt. 1.使通风; 2.把….公开, 公开讨论
A: I have to an operation, a valve in my heart is broken.
B: That sounds serious.
valve A: My boss always shouts verbal abuse at me.
n. 1。阀，活门；2。（心脏的）瓣膜，（管乐器的）活瓣 B: Is there anything that you can do about it?
verbal
a. 1.口头的; 2.用言辞的, 用文字的; 3.动词的
A: You have been looking into that mirror for half an hour.
B: I am just practicing my vanity.
vanity A: Has a verdict been reached in the case?
n. 1。自负，自大，虚荣；2。空虚，无用，无价值 B: Yes, the man was found guilty.
verdict
n. 1.裁定; 2.定论, 判断性意见
A: Have you finished painting the door?
B: Yes, now all it needs is a varnish.
varnish A: Our car nearly skidded over the verge of the cliff.
n. 1。清漆，罩光漆，凡立水；2。光泽，光泽的表面 B: You were lucky that you were able to stop in time.
vt. 1。给……涂清漆，使光亮；2。粉饰，文饰，掩饰(over) verge
n. 边,边缘
vi. (on) 接近，濒临
on the verge of 接近于,濒临于
45A: Do you know the next verse of the poem? n. 流行，风行, 时髦
B: No, I have a terrible memory. in vogue 流行
verse
n. 诗,诗句 A: My day seemed void of meaning.
B: Perhaps tomorrow you will have a better one.
A: What countries were playing in the match? void
B: It was France versus Holland. a. 1.无效的；2.没有的，缺乏的
versus n. 1.空虚感,寂寞感; 2.真空，空白
prep. 1.以…为对手， 对; 2.与…相对， 与…相比之下 vt. 使无效
A: I’m cold! A: I never know if Martin is happy or angry.
B: You are not wearing enough clothing. Here is a vest to keep you warm B: Yes, he is particularly volatile at the moment.
vest volatile
n. 背心，马甲, (无袖的)防护衣 a. 1.动荡不定的，不稳定的; 2.易变的，反复无常的，暴躁的; 3. (液体)易挥发的
vt (in) 授予，赋予, 给予(权力,财力等)
A: That was a fantastic shot!
A: Did the law get passed by the government? B: Thanks, volleys are my favorite stroke in tennis.
B: No, it was vetoed at an early stage. volley
veto n. 1.群射,排枪射击, 群射的子弹; 2. (质问，咒骂灯的)连发，迸发
vt./ n. 否决 v. 1. (足球)截题(凌空球), (网球)截击(空中球); 2.群射，齐发
A: Are there any hospitals in your vicinity? A: There was vomit on the pavement.
B: No, the nearest one is an hour away. B: Disgusting! I wonder who got sick.
vicinity vomit
n. 周围地区，临近地区 v. 呕吐
in the vicinity (of) (在…)附近, (与…)接近
A: You have a vulgar sense of humour.
A: That dog looks vicious. B: But you still laughed at my jokes.
B: Oh. he won’t bite. He is actually very friendly. vulgar
vicious a. 1.粗野的，下流的; 2.庸俗的，粗俗的，不雅的
a. 1.恶毒的，凶残的；2.剧烈的，严重的
A: You have another dose of the flu.
A: This drink tastes vile. B: Yes, I have been vulnerable to illness this year.
B: If it is so awful then, don’t drink it. vulnerable
vile a. 1.易受伤的，脆弱的; 2.易受攻击的，难防御的
a. 1.极坏的，恶劣的; 2.卑鄙的,邪恶的; 3.肮脏的，污秽的
W
A: Did you find out who was the villain in the story?
B: No, I still haven’t finished the book yet. A: We waded though the river to reach the other side.
villain B: Why didn’t you swim?
n. 1.反派演员, 反派角色，反面人物; 2.恶棍, 流氓, 坏蛋; 3.造成弊病的人(或物), 问题的起因 wade
vi. 涉水，跋涉
A: We sailed into virgin territory. wade through 艰难地通过，费力地做完
B: It must have been fun to explore previously undiscovered land.
virgin A: The dog seems happy to see you.
n. 处女，未婚女子 B: Yes, he is wagging his tail.
a. 1.未经开发的，未经使用的，未经触动的; 2.处女的 wag
v. / n. （左右或前后）摇动，摇摆
A: Did you go to Russia for your holiday?
B: No, I was unable to get a visa. A: Mrs. Jones was wailing with grief following the death in the family.
visa B: Yes, she was very upset.
n. 签证 wail
vi./n.1.哀诉，呜咽；2.痛哭，嚎啕
A: What are you thinking about? vt. 悲痛
B: I’m trying to visualize my future.
visualize A: I lost my wallet at the station.
vt. 想象，设想 B: Did it have much money in it?
wallet
A: Mr. Evans is very vocal. n. 皮夹子
B: Indeed, he is always talking.
vocal A: I have a walnut tree in my garden.
a. 1.喜欢畅所欲言的，直言不讳的; 2.嗓音的，发声的 B: Oh, they are my favourite kind of nuts.
n. [常pl.] 声乐节目 walnut
n. 胡桃，核桃
A: Did you go to university after school?
B: No, I received a vocational education in a technical college. A: In what part of the hospital is your father staying?
vocational B: He is in ward three.
a. 职业的，业务的 ward
n. 1.病房；2.（城市的）区；3.受监护人
A: Short hair is in vogue at the moment. ward off 防止，避开
B: Oh, I didn’t realize that I was suddenly fashionable!
vogue
46A: I hate to be a traffic warden . A: I got a bit lost on my way here.
B: Yes, it would be a terrible job. B: Yes, I suspected that you had gone a bit wayward .
warden wayward
n. 1.（监督某些法规执行的）检察员，检察官；2.典狱长，监狱长；3.看守人，管理人，监护人 a. 任性的，倔强的，反复无常的
A: I have no room left in my wardrobe . A: I am weary of work.
B: You will have to stop buying new clothes! B: But I am afraid that you can not give it up.
wardrobe weary
n. 1.衣柜；2.（个人的）全部衣物 a. 1.疲劳的，疲倦的；2.使人疲劳的，令人疲倦的
vi. (of) 厌烦，不耐烦
A: The artist displayed his wares at the gallery.
B: Oh, it is a shame that I didn’t see his work. A: Look at the size of that spider’s web .
ware [注：同音词 where ] B: Gosh, it must be a big spider!
n. 1.物品，器皿；2.[常pl.]商品，货物 web
n. 1.（蜘蛛等的）网；2.网络，错综复杂的事物
A: The warehouse was set on fire.
B: Were all the goods stored at there damaged? A: Would you like some cheese?
warehouse B: Just a small wedge , please.
n. 仓库，货栈 wedge
n. 楔（子）
A: Did you read the news headlines this morning? vt. 1. 把…楔牢；2.挤入，插入，塞入
B: I see there is more warfare between the nations.
warfare A: Do you understand the movie?
n. 1.战争（状态）；2.斗争，冲突 B: No, it was strange and weird .
weird
A: The mirror warped with age. a. 1.古怪的，离奇的；2.怪怪的，神秘而可怕的
B: Are you sure it is not just because you are looking into it.
warp A: The boat will arrive in the wharf this evening.
vt. 1.使变形，使弯曲，使翘曲；2.歪曲，使反常，使有偏见 B: I will be there to greet its arrival.
vi. 变形，弯曲，翘曲 wharf
n. 变形，弯曲，翘曲 n. 码头
A: I have a warrant for your arrest. A: Do you know Mr. Kelly’s whereabouts ?
B: But I didn’t do anything, officer. B: No, he has been missing for two weeks.
warrant whereabouts
n. 1.授权令；2.（正当）理由，根据 ad. 靠近什么地方，（大概）在哪里
vt. 证明…是正当（或有理）的 n. 行踪，下落，所在
A: My washing machine broke down. A: I discovered a secret room wherein I found the treasure.
B: Don’t worry, it is still under warranty . B: Wow, and what was the treasure?
warranty wherein
n. 担保书，证书，保单 ad. 在哪方面，在哪一点上，在什么地方
A: I want to be a famous warrior . A: The wind whirled up the leaves.
B: Oh, I don’t like to fight. B: Yes, it was a strong wind alright.
warrior whirl
n. 勇士，武士，斗士 vi. 1.旋转，急转；2.发昏，（感觉等）变混乱
n. 1.旋转，急转；2.混乱，连接不断的活动
A: The guard gave me a wary look.
B: He must think that you are suspicious. A: How would you like your whisky ?
wary B: With some ice, please.
a. 谨慎的，小心翼翼的 whisky
n. 威士忌酒
A: This programme should not be on the TV at this time of the day.
B: I agree, it is not past the watershed yet. A: That was a very wholesome meal.
watershed B: Indeed, there were lots of healthy ingredients.
n. 1.转折点，重要关头；2.分水岭，分水线，分水界 wholesome
a. 1.有益于健康的，增进健康的；2.有益于身心健康的，有益的；2.健康的，无病的，生气勃勃的
A: This container is leaking.
B: Oh, I thought that it was watertight . A: Do you like the president?
watertight B: I think he wields too much power.
a. 1.不透水的，防水的；2.严密的，无懈可击的 wield
vt. 1.行使，运用，支配；2.挥动，使用（武器等）
A: The light in this room is dim.
B: What watt is the light bulb? A: Are you wearing a wig ？
watt B: No, this is all my natural hair.
n. 瓦（特） wig
n. 假发
A: Are you sure that you will not change your mind?
B: I will not waver from my decision. A: Aren’t the willow trees beautiful?
waver B: Yes, they make the river seem all the more complete.
vi. 1.减弱，变得不稳固；2.犹豫不决，踌躇；3.摇摆，摇晃
47willow A: Sarah is nearly fifty but she has barely a wrinkle.
n. 柳，柳树 B: Yes, she is looking well for her age.
wrinkle
A: Were you winking at me ? n. 皱纹
B: No, I just had something in my eye. v. （使）起皱纹
wink
vi. 1.眨眼，眨眼示意；2.闪烁，明灭，用频闪灯光打信号
vt. 眨（眼），眨眼表示 Y
n. 1.眨眼，眨眼示意，眼色；2.闪烁，闪亮，一闪
wink at 默许，纵容，佯装未看见 A: We rented a yacht for two weeks.
B: And to where did you sail?
A: What are dressing up as? yacht
B: A witch , with a long black coat and a black cat. n. 快艇，（竞赛用的）帆船，游 艇
witch
n. 女巫，巫婆 A: Why did you not finish knitting the blanket?
B: I ran out of yarn.
A: I need another coffee I am having withdrawal symptoms. yarn
B: You must be addicted. n. 1.纱，纱线，防线；2.奇闻漫谈，旅行逸事
withdrawal
n. 1.取回，提款；2.撤退，撤军；3.收回，撤回，撤消；4.戒毒（或脱瘾）过程 A: I am yearning to see you again.
B: Yes, I can’t wait to see you either.
A: Did your flowers last a long time? yearn
B: No, they withered after three days. vi. (for) 渴望，切盼，向往
wither
v. 1.（使）干枯，（使）枯萎；2.感到羞愧（或惶惑） A: Stop making so much noise!
B: There is no need to yell at me.
A: The company withheld payment. yell
B: Why , were the goods that were delivered damaged? vi. / n. 号叫，叫喊
withhold
vt. 1.拒绝，不给；2.抑制，制止 A: The animals were held together with a yoke .
B: And to what part of the body was it attached?
A: Marie cooks a splendid meal. yoke
B: Yes, she is a wizard in the kitchen. n. 1.牛轭；2.束缚，枷锁
wizard vt. 结合，联合
n. 1.男巫，术士；2.奇才，能手，行家
A: Do you like to eat eggs?
A: He was filled with wrath and anger. B: I only eat the yolk .
B: I agree, he did not look very happy, yolk
wrath n. 蛋黄
n. 愤怒，慷慨，暴怒
Z
A: I will prepare a wreath for the funeral mass.
B: That will be a kind thing to do. A: You play sports with great zeal.
wreath B: Yes, I am enthusiastic about all sports.
n. 花圈，花环，花冠 zeal
n. 热心，热忱，热情
A: The ship sank just off the coast.
B: Was anything recovered from the wreckage ? A: Have you ever seen a zebra ?
wreckage B: Yes, but only in a zoo.
n. 1.（失事的船或飞机等的）残骸；2.破坏，毁坏 zebra
n. 斑马
A: The window is jammed.
B: Here is a stick, try to wrench it open. A: Is your kitchen sink made out of steel?
wrench B: No, I think that it is zinc .
vt. 1.猛拧，猛扭；2.挣脱；3.使扭伤 zinc
n. 1.（离别等的）痛苦，难受；2.猛扭，猛拉；3.扳手 n. 锌
A: I wrestled with the umbrella but it still would not go up. A: The zip is broken on my coat.
B: Yes, the umbrellas sometimes have a mind of their own. B: You must be feeling the cold.
wrestle zip
vt. 1.摔交；2.使劲搬动，用力举起 n. 1.拉链；2.[口]精力，活力，元气
vi. 1.摔交；2.使劲搬动，用力举起；3.努力解决，全力对付 vt. 用拉链拉上或扣上
zip up 拉上拉链
A: That wretched man!
B: Who are you complaining about? A: We zoomed from city to city during our trip.
wretched B: But we had a fantastic time nevertheless.
a. 1.极不愉快的，难受的，可怜的；2. zoom
vi. 1.（飞机，汽车等）急速移动；2.（价格，费用等）急升，猛涨
A: I got so wet you could have wrung out my clothes. n. 嗡嗡声，隆隆声
B: It must have rained heavily.
wring
vt. 1.尽力索取，强行取得；2.绞（出），（拧）出；3.搓（双手）；4.猛扭，扭断
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