文档内容
大学英语四级翻译新题型精选60道专练
1.丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要 贸易路线。
因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在1877年它 被德国的一位地理学家
命名为“丝绸之路”。这条古道从长安开始， 经过河西走廊 (the Hexi
Corridor),到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线， 中部路线和北部路线。这三条路遍
布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后扩展到巴基斯
坦(Pakistan)，印度， 甚至罗马。
The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route
between China and the Mediterranean. Because silk comprised a large
proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk
Road by an eminent German geographer. This ancient road begins at
Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang,
where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and
North¬ern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur
Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and
even Rome.
2.—个标准的四合院通常由一个位于中心的院子和四侧房屋构成。 门通常漆成
红色，并有大的铜门环。通常情况下，全家人住在大院。 北端的正房由长辈居住,
年轻_代生活在两侧的房子,朝南的房子里, 通常是家庭客厅或书房。
A standard siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides with
a yard in the center. The gates are usually painted red and have
large copper door rings. Usually，a whole family lives in compound.
The elder generation lives in the main house standing at the north
end, the younger generations live in the side houses, and the south
house is usually the family sitting room or study.
3.秦始皇陵墓(the Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang)坐落在 陕西省
西安市临潼区以东5公里的骊山北部，是中国历史上第一个 皇帝的最终休眠之
地。它于公元前246年开始建造,工程持续了 38年。 它占地面积56.25平方公
里，是中国历史上最大的陵墓。The Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang,
located at the northern foot of the Lishan Mountain five kilometers
east of Lintong District, Xi’an City, Shanxi Province, is the final
resting place of the first emperor in the history of China. Its
construction lasted for 38 years, commencing in 246BC. With an area
of 56.25 square kilometers, it’s the largest mausoleum in China’s
history.
4.景德镇，中国瓷都(ceramic metropolis)，是世界瓷器艺术花园的 耀眼明珠。它位于长江南部，是江南一个有活力的城镇。它制造瓷 器(porcelain)的历史已
经有1700多年，已经形成了丰富的瓷器文化。 稀有的瓷器文物，一流的瓷器工
艺，瓷乐器的优雅表演，以及优美 的田园风光组成了景德镇特别的旅游文化，而
且让景德镇成为中国 唯一一个以瓷器旅游文化为特色的旅游城市。
Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of china is a brilliant
pearl in the world’s art garden of ceramics. It is located on the
south of the Yangtze River as a powerful tTown on the south of the
Yangtze River. It has a porcelain making history of over 1700 years，
which has been crystallized into its rich cultural tradition of
ceramics. Rare ceramic rel¬ics, superb ceramic craftsmanship，unique
ceramic customs, graceful perform¬ance of ceramic musical instruments
and beautiful rural scenery make up the peculiar tourist culture of
Jingdezhen and hence make Jingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city
featuring ceramic culture.
5.说到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的 国家，用筷
子吃饭已经有至少3000年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单， 只有两根小细棒，但
它有很多功能，比如挑选，移动，夹，搅拌或 者挖。此外，它便于使用，价格便宜。
而且筷子也是世界上独有的 餐具(tableware)。使用複子的人，无论是中国人还
是外国人，都无 不钦佩筷子的发明者。
As the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world
to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have
meals with chopsticks. Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two
small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions,
such as picking, moving, nipping, mixing and digging; moreover，it is
convenient for use and cheap in price. Besides, chopsticks are also
unique tableware in the world. Anyone using chopsticks，no matter
Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor of
chopsticks.
6.2008全球经济衰退导致中国的新毕业生的就业市场显著下降。 2009年毕业的
学生将加入到2008年毕业仍在找工作的300万学生 之中。毕业生过剩(glut)也
可以归因于大学入学率的提高和教育机构 的增加。虽然大学的学生人数增加了，
但是他们的质量并没有明显 地提高。在大多数情况下，毕业生无法在2008年找
到合适的就业机 会是因为他们没有行业所需的技能。
The 2008 global recession resulted in a significant drop in the job
market for China’s new graduates. Students graduating in 2009 will
join around three million students who graduated in 2008 and are
still seeking job opportunities. The graduate glut can also be
attributed to a rise in the number of college enrollments and
educational institutions. Although the number of college students has
increased, there has not been any significant improvement in theirquality. In most cases, graduates were unable to find suitable
employment in 2008 because they did not have the skills required by
the industry.
7.对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的双边 (bilateral)贸
易伙伴。然而，中国和世界其他国家之间贸易不平衡的 问题已经引发了关注。尤
其是美国对中国的贸易赤字是最大的，达 到了 3150亿美元，这个数字是十年前
的三倍还多。贸易纠纷(trade dispute)也越来越多，主要是关于倾销
(dumping)、知识产权和人民 币的估价。
For many countries around the world, China is rapidly becoming their
most important bilateral trade partner. However ， there have been
concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of
the world. The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in the
world with China at $315 billion, more than three times what it was a
decade ago. There have also been a growing number of trade disputes
brought against, mainly for dumping, intellectual property and the
valuation of the yuan.
8.中国人民依法享受超过115天的假期，其中包括104天的周 末和11天的节假
日。中国一年中有7个法定假日，包括元旦(New Year’s Day),春节（Spring
Festival),清明节（Qingming Festival), 五一劳动节(May Day)，端午节
(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid- Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。
员工有5至15天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在中国，暑假_
般约在7月1 日开始，8月31日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在1
月或2月。
Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of
weekends and 11 days of festivals. China has seven legal holidays in
a year，including New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival,
May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and National Day.
Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave. Students and
teachers have summer and winter vacations for about three months. The
summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends
around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January
or February according to the date of the Spring Festival.
9.中国扇子的历史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一种
扇子叫作“扇汗”（Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来 挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨
的。“扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。后来 “扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸或
者鸟的羽毛做成的长柄扇，称 为中山扇（Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的仪
仗(honour guard)装 饰。
The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago，around the Shang Dynasty. The first type of fan, known as Shanhan,
was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine
and shelter the passengers from the rainfall. The Shanhan was a bit
like today’s umbrella. Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan
made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers, called a Zhangshan
fan, which was mainly used by the emperor’ s honour guard as
decoration.
10.中国是茶的故乡。据说早在五六千年前，中国就有了茶树(tea- shrub),而且
有关茶树的人类文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自中国的 茶和丝绸、瓷器
(porcelain)—样，在1000年前为世界所知，而且一 直是中国重要的出口产品。
目前世界上40多个国家种植茶，其中亚 洲国家的产量占世界总产量的90%。其
他国家的茶树都直接或间接 地起源于中国。
China is the homeland of tea. It is believed that China has tea-
shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago ， and human
cultivation of teaplants can date back two thousand years. Tea from
China，along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known the world
over more than a thousand years ago and has since always been an
important Chinese export. At present more than forty countries in the
world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90% of the world’s
total output. All tea trees in other countries have their origin
directly or indirectly in China.
11.信用卡(credit card)是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险 的信用工
具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些 负担不起的物品，同时
银行也将对此征收比_般贷款要高的利率 (interest rate)。遗憾的是，信用卡
现巳成为资本主义体制(capitalist system)的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依
赖消费(consumption)的持 续增长。
Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever cre ated by
the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most danger¬ous.
They allow people to buy things they，otherwise, couldn’t afford，
with money created by the banks and, charged out at much higher
interest rates than normal loans. Unfortunately, credit cards have
become an es¬sential part of the capitalist system which only
survives on the continued growth in consumption.
12.都江堰中兴镇发生山体滑坡(landslide)——这是2008年四川地 震时受灾
最严重的地方。山体滑坡覆盖了大约两平方公里，摧毁了 至少11所房子。到目
前为止，已有200多名居民被疏散。山体滑 坡几个小时后，巡逻队员到达现场时
一切都已经是一片汪洋。目 击者描述石头和残骸（debris)从山上滚下来，不到
三分钟就把八座 房屋吞没了。
The landslide occurred in the town of Zhongxing is Dujiangyan —oneof the places badly hit by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The
landslide, which covered about 2 sq km, damaged at least 11 homes. So
far more than 200 residents have been evacuated. By the time patrol
members arrived at the scene, a few hours after the landslide ，
everything was already a vast expanse of water. Eyewitnesses
described stones and debris running down the hill and covering around
eight homes in less than three minutes.
13.国家体育总局(the General Administration of Sport)在一项调查中 发现，
自2010年以来，20-39岁的中国人体重增加更多——1.9千克。 这个年龄段中超
过11%的人属于肥胖，这在三年的时间里就上涨了 两个百分点。
China’s young adults are gaining more weight and exercising less
than their elders. Chinese from ages 20 to 39 have put on more
kilograms — 1.9 kg ——than other adults since 2010，the General
Administration of Sport found in a survey. More than 11% from the age
group were obese, up two percentage points in only three years.
14.星期四这天，围观者们聚集在一起观看暴风的时候，台风“潭美”（Typhoon
Trami)引发的60英尺高的海水，在海宁市附近的海岸 突然落下。当时并没有立
刻弄清楚人们伤势有多严重，也没有任何 死亡的报告。这场台风是由于浙江省
东部的暴雨和时速80英里的风 引起的，它迫使40万人离开家园，造成了数百万
美元的损失。
The 60-foot wall of water — triggered by Typhoon Trami — crashed on
the shore near the city of Haining，where onlookers gathered to watch
the storm on Thursday. It was not immediately clear how bad the
people were injured. There were no reports of any deaths. The typhoon
— which caused heavy rain and 80-mph winds along the eastern
Zhejiang Province — forced over 400,000 people to be evacuated from
their homes and caused millions of dollars of damage.
15.秧歌是农历正月的主要的民族花市形式。在这种活动中，两人 都盛装打扮，
轮流唱歌跳舞，其他人作为唱歌和跳舞的搭档。锣(gong) 鼓按照节奏敲打;唢呐
（suona)或其他传统的弦乐器、木管乐器作为 背景音乐。
Yangge, which is one of the main forms of folk flower fair actions in
the first month of the lunar year. In this activity, two people are
dressed up, singing and dancing in antiphonal style, others act as
singing and dancing partners. The gong and drum are beaten in
rhythm; suona or other traditional stringed and woodwind instruments
are dubbed in background music.16.根据全国老龄工作委员会(the China National Committee On Aging)的数
据来看，到2053年，中国60岁及以上的老人数量预计 会从目前的1.85亿一跃
变为4.87亿，或者说是占总人口的35%。扩 张的比例是由于寿命的增加和计划
生育政策(family planning policies) 限制大部分城市家庭只生一个孩子。快
速老龄化对社会和经济稳定 造成了严重威胁。
17.自从1978年经济改革以来，中国已经完成了从中央计划经济 (centrally
planned economy)向市场经济(market based economy)的转变。超过6亿人已经
脱离了贫困，但是仍然有超过1.7亿人生活在 国际贫困线以下 天少于1.25美
元。2012年，中国的人均GDP 为12405.67美元，这是30年前的37倍。到2018年，
中国的人均 GDP将从世界第90位上升到第75位。然而，这仍然是低于预计的
世界平均水平。
Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a
centrally planned to a market based economy. More than 600 million
citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people
still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line. In 2012,
China’s GDP (PPP) per capita was $12,405.67. This is 37 times higher
than what it was just 30 years ago. By 2018，China’s GDP per capita
will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world. This however
will still be below the forecasted world average.
18.灵隐寺(Lingyin Temple)位于浙江省杭州市西湖的西北部。它是 江南著名古
刹。该寺建于公元326年，有1600多年的历史。传说, 印度一个叫作慧理的和尚
来到杭州，被这美丽的山区景色深深地吸 引了。他认为这里有神佛，所以建了一
座庙宇，取名“灵隐”，意思 是隐藏的灵魂。据说著名的济公和尚也是在这座寺
庙皈依的，这使 灵隐寺更加有名。
Lingyin Temple is located in the northwest side of West Lake in
Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. It is a famous ancient temple in the
south of the Yangtze River. The temple was built in 326 AD and has a
history of over 1,600 years. Legend has it that an Indian monk named
Huili came to Hangzhou and was deeply attracted by the beautiful
mountainous scenery. He thought there lived immortals and then he
built a temple and named it “Lingyin”，which means hidden souls. It
is said that the famous monk Jigong also took vows in the temple,
which made Lingyin Temple even more famous.
19.洛阳是地处中原的河南省西部一个地级市(prefecture-level city)。 它东
部舭邻省会郑州，南接南阳，西连三门峡(S_enxia)，北邻济源。 在唐代(the
Tang Dynasty),洛阳是东都(Dongdu)，东部首都，其人 口最多的时候有100万左
右，仅次于当时世界上最大的城市——长安。 在短暂的五代(Five Dynasties)
时期，洛阳是后梁(Later Liang)，后唐 (Later Tang)和后晋(Later Jin)的首都，后来。北宋(the North Song Dynasty)时期，洛阳是西部首都，也是宋朝的建
立人赵匡胤的出生地。
Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of
Central China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the
east, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, and Jiyuan to the
north. During the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was Dongdu ( 东 都 ),the
“Eastern Capital' and at its height had a population of around one
million, second only to Chang，an，which, at the time，was the largest
city in the world. During the short-lived Five Dynasties, Luoyang was
the capital of the Later Liang, Later Tang, and Later Jin. During the
North Song Dynasty, Luoyang was the “ Western Capital” and
birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of Song Dynasty.
20.中国的保健食品（health food)市场首次出现于20世纪80年代。 保健食品
是指具有特定保健功能或补充维生素或矿物质的食品。保 健食品适用于特定人
群消费，具有调节人体功能的效果，但不用于 治疗疾病的目的。保健食品有两种
一种是具有特定保健功能的食品， 另外一种是营养补充剂。
China’s health food market first emerged in the 1980s. Health food
refers to food products which claim to have specific health functions
or supplement one’s vitamins or minerals. Health food is suitable
for the consumption by specific groups of people and has the effect
of regulating human body functions, but is not used for the purpose
of treating diseases. There are two kinds of health food. One is food
with specific health func¬tions, the other is nutritional
supplements.
21.就像向中国出售商品的公司会看到收益有损失一样，中国经济 活动放缓有着
世界性的影响。包括澳大利亚、巴西和东南亚在内的 其他国家近年来都看到了
巨大的利润，因为中国对自然资源有需求。 中国的需求下降巳经对很多商品的
价格有了影响。上周，中国财政 部长楼继伟表示,今年的经济增长可能为7%,而
这不一定是“底线”。
A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as
companies that sell to China may see revenues suffer. Countries
includ¬ing Australia, Brazil and others in South East Asia have seen
huge profits in recent years because of Chinese demand for natural
resources. The fall in demand from China has already had an impact on
the prices of many commodities. Last week，China’s Finance Minister
Lou Jiwei indicated that economic growth could be 7% for the year,
and that this may not be the “bottom line”.
22.少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfii)是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和 尚们练习的_种武术(martial arts)。少林寺，建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty)太
和期(Taihe Period)十九年，是少林功夫发展的文化 空间。少林功夫最初是佛
教僧侣练习的，他们的职责是保护寺庙。 现在经过1500多年的发展，少林功夫
已逐步发展成为一种完美技术 和丰富含义相融合的艺术，在全世界享有声誉。
Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monks under the
special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City,
Henan Province. The Shaolin Temple, built in the Nineteenth year of
Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a cultural space for
the development of the Shaolin Kungfu. The Shaolin Kungfii, which is
originally practiced by the Buddhist monks whose duties were to
protect the temple, has been gradually developed into an art of
perfect technology, abundant meanings and high reputation in the
whole world after more than 1500 years of development.
23.这周颁布的一项新法律要求子女必须经常探望年龄超过 60岁的 父母，并确
保他们经济和精神上的需求得到满足。星期二，新华社 报导了_条新闻，来自江
苏市无锡市的一位77岁的老太太起诉她的 女儿忽略她。这是新法律生效后的第
一起案件，当地法院规定她的 女儿至少每月探望母亲两次，并提供财力支持。但
是这项法律引发 了争议。有人说这给了那些因为工作、学习或者其他原因搬离
家乡 的人更多压力。
A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of
parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make
sure their financial and spiritual needs are met. On Tuesday, Xinhua
reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi
sued her daughter for neglecting her. In the first case after the new
law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must
visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support. But
the law’s introduction has proved controversial. Some say it puts
too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or
other opportunities.
24.四合院是从明代的北京延续下来的古典建筑风格的住宅。四合 院之间的狭窄
的街道被称为“胡同”。_个四合院有园林包围着四个 房子，有高高的围墙保护。
四合院与胡同都是人们常见到的，有超 过700多年的历史，但是由于现在的城市
改造和中国经济的发展， 四合院慢慢地从北京消失。
Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential hous¬ing
of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty. The narrow streets
between the Si He Yuan are called “ Hutong ， ’ s. A single
implementation of Si He Yuan comprises of garden surrounded by four
houses and protected by high walls. Si He Yuan with Hutong which have
been very familiar to people，having a history of more than 700 years
now suffer from the ur¬ban renovation and economic development ofChina, and they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.
25.中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个 民族都有其独
特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传 统、民族风俗和其他因素的
影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。 最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、
闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系， 这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”
是以多种多样 的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。
China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory
and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique
abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-
history evolution under the influence of geographical environment,
climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most
influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe,
Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major
Cuisines” . Dishes in the “ Eight Major Cuisines” in China are
characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its
strong points.
26.联合国下属机构世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization)公 布的数据
显示，中国游客对全球旅游业的贡献最大。中国人去年花 在出境游上的支出膨
胀至1020亿美元，同2011年相比增长了 40%。 联合国世界旅游组织在其网站上
发布的一份声明中说，这一增幅令 中国迅速超越德国和美国。后两者在之前是
出境游支出最高的两个 国家。2012年德美两国出境旅游支出均同比增长6%,约
840亿美元。
The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organiza¬tion show
that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the
global tourism industry. Chinese travelers spent a record $102
billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011. That
surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S. — the former
No. 1 and No. 2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist
outlays increase 6% year- on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the
UNWTO said in a statement on its website.
27.茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数 民族。不同的
地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比 如:大理，丽江古城，香格
里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布 达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁
有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站(post house),古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族
服装。时至今天， 虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存
在。
Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori¬ties.
Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes andtraditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old
city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon,
Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post
houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many
national minorities and their dances and folk customs. Today,
although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural
and historic values remain.
28.现代人类约公元前50000年第一次从中亚或印度来到中国。这 些石器时代
(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿着毛皮。公元前 4000年左右，这些人开始种
植水稻，并饲养羊和鸡。约公元前3000年， 他们开始使用陶器(pottery)并住在
房子里。到公元前2000年，中国 人已进入青铜时代(Bronze Age)，并开始用于
写字。约公元前700年， 中国的金属工人学会制作铁器工具和武器。
Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about
50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore
fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to
farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were
using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had
entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC，
Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.
29.目前，全球变暖是一个热门话题，但是有关全球变暖的各项证 据似乎还有些
不同的声音。人们现在已经知道，地球的发展经历了 很多周期(cycle),尽管在
历史上还未出现过像今天这样的时代，即 高度工业化(industrialization)产生
如此多的污染。全球变暖主要是由 于二氧化碳气体(carbon dioxide)的增多。
Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but,
there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to
support the argument. The earth is known to go through cycles;
although the past has never produced an age of so much
industrialization causing the pollution
currently being experienced. A major source of the problem is the
increase in carbon dioxide levels.
30.中国城市化(urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需（domestic demand)。一
些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临 着城市化的进程。这使
得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提 供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多
的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基 础设施建设(infrastructure construction),
包括水源等能源的供应将会 成为城市发展的焦点问题。商品与服务的自由、快
速流通是城市化 社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满
足消 费者的需求。
China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domesticdemand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that
is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will
lead to a better quality of life for many people ， and provide
individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing
and city infrastructure, in¬cluding water and energy supplies, will
be a focal point of urban develop¬ment as more people migrate to
cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical
resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal
vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow
of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-
panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.
31.京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京 剧的服装
（costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装 类型反映不同的人
物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困 者的服装则简单朴素，少有装
饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在
脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜 色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代
表奸诈(treachery)， 黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉
(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。
Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a tradi¬tional
art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with peo¬ple.
Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of
different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of
nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental.
Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial
masks using different colors are important ways to portray a
character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the
masks. In general ， white usually represents treachery, black
represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green
represent rebellious fighters ， while gold and silver represent
di¬vinity and Buddhism.
32.中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的曰益流行，同时也催 生了一批具有
高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他 们习惯于当月工资当月花。因
而被称为“月光族”（the moonlight group)。“月光族”一词出现于20世纪
90年代后期，是用来讽刺那 些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化
(fast food culture)的 年轻人。
China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it
a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At the
same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young
people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. They’ re used to
spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are calledt6the moon¬light group”. This word came into being during the 1990s,
to make fun of those bom into wealth ， who have received a high
education, and who ap¬preciate fast food culture.
33.许多刚毕业的大学生找不到工作，在校学生则担心他们的未来。 多个调查显
示，三分之二的中国毕业生想在政府或者国有企业工作， 而不是为中国令人瞩
目的经济增长提供动力的民营企业。政府和国 有企业被认为能免受经济萧条的
影响。如今几乎没有大学生愿意放 弃政府的铁饭碗而下海、加入初创企业或自
己创业。
Many recent college graduates can’t find a job and students are
fearful about their future. Two-thirds of Chinese graduates say they
want to work either in the government or state-owned firms，which are
seen as recession-proof, rather than at the private companies that
have powered China’s remarkable economic climb, surveys indicate.
Few college stu¬dents today, according to the surveys, are ready to
leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to
join startups or go into business.
34.孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒 学(the Ru
School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和 宗教哲学的大系统建
立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰， 中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权
威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影 响比作西方的苏格拉底。
Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of
the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of
moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master
Kung. Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the
history ofChinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese
history with that of Socrates in the West.
35.过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对
于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市 拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的
人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一
系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措
施在部分城市已经 取得了初步的成效。
In the past seven years, China’s real estate industry has developed
in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own
a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high
housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this
reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the
housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates
and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measureshave achieved initial effects in some cities.
36.中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动
从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，即从农历(lunar
calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢 度春节的
习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为
驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联
(couplets)，对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和
探亲访友等。
Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday.
In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year
celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the
last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th
day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the
celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.
However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families
to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for
every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill
fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with
red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other
activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red
envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.
37.剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有
一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别
流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间， 剪纸被用来装饰
门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中
国剪纸在世 界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
Paper cutting is one of China's most popular traditional folk arts.
Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was
widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People
often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring
Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are
used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the
joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is
red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is
very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to
foreign friends.
38.如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首
先，大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越
来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大
学生在 课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。
Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having
great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this
phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of
their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when
they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary
job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and
more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any
individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested
that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare
time to accumulate relevant working experience.
39.对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、
牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。 中国龙的形成与中华
民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓
意和团结凝聚的精神。
Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000
years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a
fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox
with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena.
The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural
fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon
signifies innovation and cohesion.
40.秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通
常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等
节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看
秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常
年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。
Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually
performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful
and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During
some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people
hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is ,
they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the
old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of
Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko
the whole year.41.长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了
巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：
“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统
一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉
峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by
human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall,
it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or
going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who
doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began
as independent walls for different states when it was first built,
and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However,
the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to
Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming
Dynasty.
42.饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。 相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的
制作是包括： 1） 擀皮、2） 备馅、3） 包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味
道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客
逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交
子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’ s favorite traditional
dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first
made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps
involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of
dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings
and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender
stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth
eating hundreds of times. There’ s an old saying that claims,
“Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring
Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends,
Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating
dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love,
having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is
an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the
new year.
43. 针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过
疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是
“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激
烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传
至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国
粹”。Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory
in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and
regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’ s yin and yang
balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It
features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are
to be treated with external therapy” . The main therapy of
acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the
patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s
acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its
unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after
generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays,
acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as
Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been
internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”
44.中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项
目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时
兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并
济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指
徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese
culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which
applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions
engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese
king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and
harmony” and “ cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing
one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and
Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various
sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling
hardness with softness and internal and external training. It
contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the
universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the
later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing,
such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan),
eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry,
such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and
halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.
45.汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具
音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代
汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“， 源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即
横、竖、撇、捺、折。
Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to
help people remember things. After a long period of development, it
finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic
sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system,
which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with
inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as
the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese
characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze
inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script,
running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and
square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an
orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of
Chinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the
vertical stroke), “／”( the left-falling stroke), “＼” (the
right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).
46.中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三
千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、
撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的
祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的
意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。
The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The
recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years
ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look
deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such
as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping,
poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious
mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial
tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings
to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby
soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of
chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”.
Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient
oriental civilization.
48.印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不
同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时
代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状
以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为
中国特有的艺术形式之一。A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and
private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as
stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by
the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc.
According to historical records, seals were widely used during the
Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to
engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on;
or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal,
basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion
overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is
also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It
is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.
49.天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁
戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。
古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是
60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮
回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。
The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for
recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi,
bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches
are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After
observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always
wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account
for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the
order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In
terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time
cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times
and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten
Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “ the seventh of the ten
Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.
50.京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地
方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏
曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞
（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男
性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。
Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national
quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local
operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th
Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest
kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performingarts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance.
Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through
stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are
sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou(
clown, male or female).
51.道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道
教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，
修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故
常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。
Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a
philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn
Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been
attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic.
Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the
discarding of all desires and worries from one’ s mind, and
encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of
human nature. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying:
The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that
can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that
Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the
ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, only he that rids
himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has
never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.
52.中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中
的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大
多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主
要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉
语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。
Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases
and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant
usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger
than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most
Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi (
make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than
indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms
are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems,
fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the
Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.53.中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周
时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波
斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以
其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。
东方文明的使者。
China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk
reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient
Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the
Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely
high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian,
an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected
China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new
era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on,
China’ s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality,
exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations.
Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese
culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.
54.中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是
我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古
典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林
体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。
The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient
Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which
systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and
buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a
Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must
look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese
classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic
concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real
fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three
major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one
of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and
abundant connotations.
55.笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔
墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代
以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的
使用而发展。 “文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房
四宝书写了整个中华文明。
The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite
treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are
often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writingbrush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint
since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC---206BC), people
already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make
brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used
instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese,
bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally
functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone
was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After
the Song Dynasty (960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study”
particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou,
Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui
province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui
province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong
province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four
Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization,
as it is.
56.每年农历七月初七的七夕节，简称七夕，俗称乞巧节，是中国传统节日中最具
浪漫色彩的一个节日。传说每年的七月初七是牛郎、织女相会的日子。在这一天，
人间的喜鹊（magpie）要飞到天上去，为牛郎和织女搭一座鹊桥，好让二人渡过天
河相见。在这一天的晚上，如果静静地躲在葡萄架下，就能听到牛郎、织女说的悄
悄话。
The Double-Seventh Festival, called Qi xi for short, falls on the
seventh day of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. It is
also known as “ the Begging Festival” , and it is a traditional
Chinese festival full of romance. According to the legend, Niu
lang(Cowherd) and Zhi nv(Weaver Maid) get together on the seventh day
of the seventh lunar month every year. On this day, all the magpies
will fly into the heaven and form a bridge so that these two loving
birds might come together, people can hear the loving whispers
between Niu lang and Zhi nv if they hide quietly under the grape
trellis.
57.人口老龄化已经成为一个全球性的现象。这种现象不仅已成定局，还将随着
时间的推移愈演愈烈，发展中国家尤其如此。它的社会影响广泛且表现形式多样
如若忽视，社会必将为此付出巨大代价。为了保证老年人口的可持续发展，国家、
非政府组织、社区、家庭成员、特别是老年人自己，都要扮演重要的角色。
Population aging has become a world-wide phenomenon. It has not only
come to stay but, especially in the developing countries, it will
become more acute with the passage of time. Its influences are so
wide-ranging and manifold that they can only be ignored at a
tremendous cost to society. In order to ensure a sustainabledevelopment for the elderly population, be it the state, non-
government organizations, the community, the family members and last
but not least, the older persons themselves, each has a very
important role to play.
58. 中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业(enterprises)意味着更
多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并
取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中取得了收
益。中国政府将继续提供有力的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开
展合作。
China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the
outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas
enterprises. Since China’ s reform and opening up, Chinese
enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms
of economy and technology, and have scored great/ tremendous
achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese
enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the
cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable
policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between
Chinese and overseas enterprises.
59.假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数
据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展
的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品
结构应作相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们
提高生活质量的要求。
The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’ s
consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to
statistics, the demands for Chinese consumers are shifting from the
basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal
development. (Chinese consumers’ demand for basic necessities of
life has given way to leisure, comfort and personal development.)
Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly
to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be
improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.
60.2013年6月20日在中国各地，据估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了由宇航
员(astronaut) 王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两
个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangong-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两
周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空中的物理演示。在有些展示中还对比了在
地球重力(one-gravity)环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。
On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their
teachers across China watched a science lesson from 300km above the
Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1
laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her
lessons were a series of physics demonstrations under the one-gravity
environment on Earth. The lesson has not only offered children a
physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the
advance in communication technology of China.
61. 文化节是不同国家的人们互相理解的最佳媒体。通过举办文化节，许多中国
城市在海外被越来越多的人所认识。在文化节上，精彩的民间歌舞和美味的当地
食品，是最吸引人的部分。事实证明，这是促进中国人民和世界其他地方人民之
间的交流的最有效的途径之一。这种交流不仅仅限于文化方面，还扩大到了经济
和其他领域。
Culture festival is the best medium for people of different countries
to understand each other. Through culture festivals, many cities in
China have become known overseas. Wonderful folk singing and dancing
and delicious local food are the most effective ways to promote the
communication between Chinese people and people from other parts of
the world. This kind of communication is not only confined to
culture, but extends to economy and other fields.
62.端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰
的大臣(minister)，他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤(vilify)
而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃
屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子(glutinous dumplings)和赛
龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。
The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to
commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and
highly esteemed/respected minister, who brought peace and prosperity
to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of
being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous
dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings
instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands of years, the festival has
been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially
in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.
63. 中秋节对中国人来说是最重要的节日，仅次于春节。每年中秋节，人们从全
国和世界的各个角落回到家中，与家人团聚、赏月和吃月饼。如今，在中秋节到来
前的一个月，就有各种各样的月饼出售。中国人相信满月象征着和平、繁荣(prosperity)和家庭团聚（reunion）。中秋节当晚的月亮被认为是最明亮圆满的
这也是为什么也被称为是“重逢日”和“月亮节”。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is the second most important festival after
the Spring Festival to Chinese people. Every year, when the festival
comes, people go home from every corner of the country and the world
to meet their family, admire the full moon and eat moon cakes.
Nowadays, there is a large variety of moon cakes on sale a month
before the arrival of the festival. Chinese people believe a full
moon is a symbol of peace, prosperity and family reunion. The moon on
Mid-Autumn Festival night is believed to be the brightest and
fullest. That is why the festival is also known as / called the “Day
of Reunion” and the “Moon Festival”.
