文档内容
前 言
全国大学英语四、六级考试(以下简称四、六级考试)系教育部主办、教
育部考试中心主持和实施的一项大规模标准化考试.自１９８７年开始实施以
来,四、六级考试已走过近三十年的历程,其间经历了多次改革,顺应了我国
高等教育不断发展的新形势,推动了大学英语教学改革.
近年来,全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会(以下简称考试委员会)对
四、六级考试内容和题型作了进一步调整,并将口语能力的考核方式从面试
型转为计算机化考试,同时开发了大学英语四级口语考试,此前实施的大学
英语口语考试转为大学英语六级口语考试.
四、六级考试(笔试)大纲历来分级成册,口试大纲单独成册.现行的
四、六级考试大纲为２００６年的修订版,共有三个单行本:«大学英语四级考试
大纲»、«大学英语六级考试大纲»和«大学英语口语考试大纲».«全国大学
英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)»在总体设计上更好地体现了四、六
级考试体系的完整性,内容涵盖四级笔试、四级口试、六级笔试和六级口试,
并新增了四、六级考试词表.
公布«全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)»的目的是使广
大师生和用人单位了解调整后的四、六级考试系列及各项考试的试卷结构、
考试形式和考试内容.考试委员会将对调整后的四、六级考试的效度和信
度在实施过程中作进一步验证,不断完善考试,使四、六级考试不仅体现中
国特色,而且符合国际语言测试的发展趋势,使考试适应我国大学英语教学
和测试的现状,更好地服务于我国大学英语教学的改革与发展.
本书所配听力音频和口试视频文件可在大学英语四、六级考试官网
(www．cet．edu．cn)下载.
著 者目 录
考试系列介绍 １
１．考核的语言技能及要求 １
１．１听力理解 １
１．１．１考核的要求 １
１．１．２考核的技能 ２
１．２阅读理解 ２
１．２．１考核的要求 ２
１．２．２考核的技能 ２
１．３写作 ３
１．３．１考核的要求 ３
１．３．２考核的技能 ３
１．４翻译 ４
１．４．１考核的要求 ４
１．４．２考核的技能 ４
１．５口头表达 ４
１．５．１考核的要求 ４
１．５．２考核的技能 ５
２．全国大学英语四级考试 ５
２．１四级笔试 ５
２．１．１试卷构成 ５
２．１．２试卷分解 ５
２．２四级口试 ６
２．２．１考试形式 ６
２．２．２考试过程 ６
３．全国大学英语六级考试 ７
３．１六级笔试 ７
３．１．１试卷构成 ７
３．１．２试卷分解 ８
３．２六级口试 ９
３．２．１考试形式 ９
３．２．２考试过程 ９
１４．主观题评分 １０
４．１作文评分 １０
４．１．１评分方法 １０
４．１．２评分标准 １０
４．２翻译评分 １０
４．２．１评分方法 １０
４．２．２评分标准 １０
４．３口语考试评分 １１
４．３．１评分方法 １１
４．３．２评分标准 １１
５．分数解释及成绩报道 １２
５．１笔试 １２
５．１．１分数解释 １２
５．１．２成绩报道 １３
５．２口语考试 １３
５．２．１能力等级描述 １３
５．２．２成绩报道 １４
词表 １５
样卷 １４５
１．全国大学英语四级考试(笔试)样卷 １４５
２．全国大学英语四级考试(口试)样卷 １６４
３．全国大学英语六级考试(笔试)样卷 １６７
４．全国大学英语六级考试(口试)样卷 １８７
５．全国大学英语四级考试答题卡 １８９
６．全国大学英语六级考试答题卡 １９３
７．全国大学英语四级考试作文评分样卷 １９７
８．全国大学英语六级考试作文评分样卷 ２００
９．全国大学英语四级考试翻译评分样卷 ２０３
１０．全国大学英语六级考试翻译评分样卷 ２０５
１１．全国大学英语四级考试成绩报告单样张 ２０７
１２．全国大学英语六级考试成绩报告单样张 ２０９
２考试系列介绍
四、六级考试对象是修完大学英语相应阶段课程的在校大学生.考试目的是参照«大学
英语教学指南»(教育部高等学校大学外语教学指导委员会２０１５年制定)设定的教学目标对
我国大学生英语综合运用能力进行科学的测量,同时也为用人单位了解我国大学生英语水
平提供参照依据.
四、六级考试系列分为大学英语四级考试(简称四级考试)和大学英语六级考试(简称六
级考试).四级考试包括四级笔试(CollegeEnglishTestBand４,简称CETＧ４)和四级口试
(CETＧSpokenEnglishTestBand４,简称 CETＧSET４);六级考试包括六级笔试(College
EnglishTestBand６,简称CETＧ６)和六级口试(CETＧSpokenEnglishTestBand６,简称CETＧ
SET６).笔试和口试每年各举行两次.
四、六级考试的命题语料(除主观题外)均选自英文原版材料,包括日常生活对话、广播
电视节目、讲座、报纸杂志、书籍、学术期刊等.选材原则包括:
内容健康,题材广泛,涵盖人文学科、社会科学、自然科学等领域,但所涉及的背景知
识为考生所了解或已在语料中提供;
体裁多样,包括记叙性、说明性、议论性文本等;
词汇范围参照本大纲所附的四、六级考试词表.超出该范围的词汇,如影响理解或答
题,则标注汉语释义.
１．考核的语言技能及要求
四、六级考试考核学生的英语综合运用能力,包括听力理解、阅读理解、写作、翻译和口
头表达能力.各项语言技能的考核要求参照«大学英语教学指南»中的“基础目标”和“提高
目标”所设定的教学要求.
１．１听力理解
１．１．１考核的要求
四级考试:要求考生能听懂语速较慢的短篇英语广播;能听懂就熟悉话题展开的多
话轮简单英语会话;能听懂语速较慢、题材熟悉、篇幅较长的讲话和报道;能运用基本的听力
策略帮助理解.听力材料的语速为每分钟１２０－１４０词.
考
六级考试:要求考生能听懂就熟悉话题展开的多话轮英语会话;能听懂语速中等、题 试
系
材熟悉、篇幅较长的英语广播;能听懂语速中等、题材熟悉的讲话、报道和内容浅显的学术讲 列
介
座;能较好地运用听力策略帮助理解.听力材料的语速为每分钟１４０－１６０词. 绍
１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
１．１．２考核的技能
听力理解部分考核学生获取口头信息的能力,包括理解主旨大意、重要事实和细节、隐
含意义,判断话语的交际功能、说话人的观点、态度等.听力理解部分考核的技能如下:
A．理解明示的信息
０１理解主旨大意
０２听懂重要信息或特定的细节
０３理解说话人明确表达的观点、态度等
B．理解隐含的信息
０４推论隐含的意义
０５判断话语的交际功能
０６推断说话人的观点、态度等
C．运用语言特征理解听力材料
０７辨别语音特征(如从连续的话语中辨别语音、理解重音和语调等)
０８理解句间关系(如因果、比较、条件等)
D．运用听力策略
０９运用合适的听力策略帮助理解
１．２阅读理解
１．２．１考核的要求
四级考试:要求考生能读懂题材熟悉、语言难度较低的英语报刊文章和其他英语材
料;能读懂工作、生活中常见的应用文体的英语材料;能运用基本的阅读策略帮助理解.仔
细阅读速度达到每分钟７０词,快速阅读速度达到每分钟１００词.
六级考试:要求考生能读懂一般性题材的英语报刊文章和其他英语材料;能阅读题
材较熟悉的学术文章;能较好地运用阅读策略帮助理解.仔细阅读速度达到每分钟９０词,
快速阅读速度达到每分钟１２０词.
１．２．２考核的技能
阅读理解部分考核学生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力,包括理解主旨大意、重要事实和
细节、隐含意义,判断作者的观点、态度等.阅读部分考核的技能如下:
A．理解明示的信息
０１理解主旨大意
０２理解细节信息
０３理解作者明确表达的观点、态度等
２B．理解隐含的信息
０４概括主旨大意
０５推论隐含的意义
０６判断作者的观点、态度等
C．运用语言特征理解文章
０７根据上下文猜测词和短语的意思
０８理解句间关系(如因果、比较、条件等)
０９运用词汇及语法衔接手段理解篇章各部分之间的关系
D．运用阅读策略
１０运用合适的阅读策略帮助理解
１．３写作
１．３．１考核的要求
四级考试:要求考生能用英语描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等;能描述简
单的图表和图画;能就熟悉的主题发表个人观点;能写常见的应用文;能根据提纲、图表或图
画等提示信息作简短的讨论、解释和说明.中心思想明确,结构基本完整,用词较为恰当,语
句通顺,语意连贯,能运用基本的写作策略.能在半小时内写出不少于１２０词的短文.
六级考试:要求考生能用英语就一般性的主题发表个人观点;能描述图表和图画;能
根据提纲、图表或图画等提示信息作较为深入的讨论、解释和说明.观点明确,结构清晰完
整,用词贴切,语言表达流畅,语意连贯,能较好地运用写作策略.能在半小时内写出不少于
１５０词的短文.
１．３．２考核的技能
写作部分考核学生就熟悉的话题和情景用英语进行书面表达的能力,要求考生在规定
的时间内根据所给提示用英语写出一篇短文.写作部分考核的技能如下:
A．思想表达
０１表达中心思想
０２表达重要或特定的信息
０３表达观点、态度等
B．篇章组织
０４围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述,重点突出
０５连贯地组句成段,组段成篇
C．语言运用
０６运用恰当的词汇
０７运用正确的语法
考
０８运用合适的句子结构 试
系
０９使用正确的标点符号 列
介
１０运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等) 绍
３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
D．运用写作策略
１１运用合适的写作策略帮助表达
１．４翻译
１．４．１考核的要求
四级考试:要求考生能将题材熟悉、语言难度较低的汉语段落译成英语.段落的内
容涉及中国的文化、历史及社会发展.译文基本准确地表达原文的意思,语句通顺,句式和
用词较为恰当.能运用基本的翻译策略.能在半小时内将长度为１４０－１６０个汉字的段落
译成英语.
六级考试:要求考生能将题材熟悉、语言难度中等的汉语段落译成英语.段落的内
容涉及中国的文化、历史及社会发展.译文基本准确地表达原文的意思,语言流畅,句式运
用恰当,用词贴切.能较好地运用翻译策略.能在半小时内将长度为１８０－２００个汉字的段
落译成英语.
１．４．２考核的技能
翻译部分考核学生运用恰当的翻译策略和语言知识将主题熟悉、内容浅显、意思完整的
汉语段落用英语表达出来的能力.翻译部分考核的技能如下:
A．将句子层面的汉语信息转换成英语
０１用合适的英语词汇准确表达汉语词汇的意思
０２用符合英语规范和表达习惯的句型准确表达汉语句子的含义
B．将语篇层面的汉语信息转换成英语
０３用英语准确、完整地表达汉语段落的信息
０４译文结构清晰,语篇连贯,语言通顺
C．运用翻译策略
０５运用合适的翻译策略帮助表达
１．５口头表达
１．５．１考核的要求
四级考试:要求考生能用英语就熟悉的话题进行简短但多话轮的交谈;能对一般性
事件和现象进行简单的叙述或描述;经准备后能就熟悉的话题作简短发言.语言表达较清
楚,语音、语调和语法基本正确.能运用基本的口头表达与交流的策略.
六级考试:要求考生能用英语就一般性话题进行比较深入的多话轮交谈;能陈述事
实、理由和描述事件、现象等;能表达个人意见、情感、观点等;能在对话中进行争辩、解释、比
较、论证等.语言表达结构清晰,观点明确,语音、语调和语法正确.能较好地运用口头表达
与交流的策略.
４１．５．２考核的技能
口语部分考核学生就熟悉的话题用英语进行口头表达与交流的能力.口语部分考核的
技能如下:
A．口头阐述
０１陈述事实、理由、观点等
０２描述人物、事件、现象等
B．口头互动
０３交换意见、交流情感和观点等
０４争辩、解释、比较、论证等
C．运用口头交际策略
０５运用合适的口头表达与交流的策略帮助表达
２．全国大学英语四级考试
２．１四级笔试
２．１．１试卷构成
大学英语四级试卷由四个部分构成,依次为:１)写作;２)听力理解;３)阅读理解;４)翻译.
各部分测试内容、题型和所占分值比例等如下表所示:
试卷结构 测试内容 测试题型 题目数量 分值比例 考试时间
写作 写作 短文写作 １ １５％ ３０分钟
短篇新闻 选择题(单选题) ７ ７％
听力理解 长对话 选择题(单选题) ８ ８％ ２５分钟
听力篇章 选择题(单选题) １０ ２０％
词汇理解 选词填空 １０ ５％
阅读理解 长篇阅读 匹配 １０ １０％ ４０分钟
仔细阅读 选择题(单选题) １０ ２０％
翻译 汉译英 段落翻译 １ １５％ ３０分钟
总计 ５７ １００％ １２５分钟
２．１．２试卷分解
１)写作
考
作文题的提示形式包括提纲、情景、图画或图表等,每次考试采用其中的一种形式.要 试
系
求考生根据所规定的题目及所给出的提示写出一篇短文,长度不少于１２０词.写作部分的 列
介
分值比例为１５％.考试时间３０分钟. 绍
５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
２)听力理解
听力理解部分由短篇新闻、长对话和听力篇章构成.试题采用选择题(单选题)题型.
录音材料用标准的英式或美式英语朗读,语速约为每分钟１２０－１４０词.所有录音材料均播
放一遍,每个问题后留有１５秒答题时间.听力理解部分的分值比例为３５％,其中短篇新闻
占７％,长对话占８％,听力篇章占２０％.考试时间约２５分钟.
短篇新闻:３篇,总共４５０－５００词,每篇２－３题,共７题.
长对话:２篇,每篇２４０－２８０词,每篇４题,共８题.
听力篇章:３篇,每篇２２０－２４０词,每篇３－４题,共１０题.
３)阅读理解
阅读理解部分由词汇理解(１篇)、长篇阅读(１篇)和仔细阅读(２篇)构成.词汇理解的
篇章长度为２００－２５０词;长篇阅读的篇章长度约１０００词;仔细阅读的每篇长度为３００－３５０
词.阅读理解部分的分值比例为３５％,其中词汇理解占５％,长篇阅读占１０％,仔细阅读占
２０％.考试时间４０分钟.
词汇理解:采用选词填空题型,考核学生对篇章语境中词汇的理解和运用能力.篇章
中删去了１０个词汇,并在篇章后提供１５个词汇选项.要求考生在对篇章理解的基础上从
所给的词汇选项中选择正确的词汇填空,使篇章复原.
长篇阅读理解:采用段落匹配题型,考核学生运用略读和查读的技能从篇章中获取信
息的能力.略读要求学生通过快速阅读获取文章主旨大意或中心思想;查读要求学生快速
查找篇章中的特定信息.篇章后附有１０个句子,每句１题.每句所含的信息出自篇章中的
某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落.有的段落可能对应两题,有的段落
可能不对应任何一题.
仔细阅读理解:采用选择题(单选题)题型,考核学生在不同层面上的阅读理解能力,
包括理解主旨大意和重要细节、综合分析、推测判断以及根据上下文推测词义等.每个篇章
后有５个问题,要求考生根据对篇章的理解从每题的四个选项中选择最佳答案.
４)翻译
试题所呈现的是一个或几个汉语段落,不含生僻的专业词汇或习语.要求考生在规定
的时间内将汉语段落译成英语.翻译部分的分值比例为１５％.考试时间３０分钟.
２．２四级口试
２．２．１考试形式
四级口试采用计算机化考试形式.模拟考官及试题呈现在计算机屏幕上,试题材料采
用文字或画面提示(图画、图表、照片等).考生由计算机系统随机编排为两人一组.考生在
计算机上进行考生与模拟考官、考生与考生之间的互动.考试包含四个任务,考试总时间约
１５分钟.
２．２．２考试过程
考试按以下步骤进行:
６任务 任务名称 考 试 过 程 答题时间
根据考官指令,每位考生作一个简短的自我介 每位考生２０秒(两位
热身 自我介绍
绍.考试时间约１分钟. 考生依次进行)
考生准备４５秒后朗读一篇１２０词左右的短文. 每位考生朗读１分钟
任务１ 短文朗读
考试时间约２分钟. (两位考生同步进行)
考生回答２个与短文有关的问题.考试时间约 每位考生４０秒(两位
任务２ 简短回答
１分钟. 考生同步进行)
考生准备４５秒后,根据所给提示作陈述.考试 每位考生１分钟(两位
任务３ 个人陈述
时间约２分钟. 考生同步进行)
考生准备１分钟后,根据设定的情景和任务进行
任务４ 双人互动 两位考生互动３分钟
交谈.考试时间约４分钟.
考生开始正式答题前先作一个简短的自我介绍,以进入良好的应考状态.正式考试开
始后,考生按下列顺序完成各项任务:
任务１:要求考生在经过一定准备后朗读一篇１２０词左右的短文.考生的准备时间
为４５秒,答题时间为１分钟.
任务２:要求考生回答模拟考官提出的２个问题,第１个问题与朗读短文的内容相
关,第２个问题与朗读短文的主题相关.每题的答题时间为２０秒.
任务３:要求考生经过准备后根据所给提示发言.考生的准备时间为４５秒,答题时
间为１分钟.
任务４:要求两位考生根据所给的情景和任务进行互动.考生的准备时间为１分钟,
双人互动时间为３分钟.
３．全国大学英语六级考试
３．１六级笔试
３．１．１试卷构成
大学英语六级试卷由四个部分构成,依次为:１)写作;２)听力理解;３)阅读理解;４)翻译.
各部分测试内容、题型和所占分值比例等如下表所示:
试卷结构 测试内容 测试题型 题目数量 分值比例 考试时间
写作 写作 短文写作 １ １５％ ３０分钟
长对话 选择题(单选题) ８ ８％
听力理解 听力篇章 选择题(单选题) ７ ７％ ３０分钟
考
试
讲话/报道/讲座 选择题(单选题) １０ ２０％ 系
列
介
绍
７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
(续表)
试卷结构 测试内容 测试题型 题目数量 分值比例 考试时间
词汇理解 选词填空 １０ ５％
阅读理解 长篇阅读 匹配 １０ １０％ ４０分钟
仔细阅读 选择题(单选题) １０ ２０％
翻译 汉译英 段落翻译 １ １５％ ３０分钟
总计 ５７ １００％ １３０分钟
３．１．２试卷分解
１)写作
作文题的提示形式包括提纲、情景、图画或图表等,每次考试采用其中的一种形式.要
求考生根据所规定的题目及所给出的提示写出一篇短文,长度不少于１５０词.写作部分的
分值比例为１５％.考试时间３０分钟.
２)听力理解
听力理解部分由长对话、听力篇章和讲话/报道/讲座构成.试题采用选择题(单选题)
题型.录音材料用标准的英式或美式英语朗读,语速约为每分钟１４０－１６０词.所有录音材
料均播放一遍,每个问题后留有１３秒答题时间.听力理解部分的分值比例为３５％,其中长
对话占８％,听力篇章占７％,讲话/报道/讲座占２０％.考试时间约３０分钟.
长对话:２篇,每篇２８０－３２０词,每篇４题,共８题.
听力篇章:２篇,每篇２４０－２６０词,每篇３－４题,共７题.
讲话/报道/讲座:３篇,总共约１２００词,每篇３－４题,共１０题.
３)阅读理解
阅读理解部分由词汇理解(１篇)、长篇阅读(１篇)和仔细阅读(２篇)构成.词汇理解的
篇章长度为２５０－３００词;长篇阅读的篇章长度约１２００词;仔细阅读的每篇长度为４００－４５０
词.阅读理解部分的分值比例为３５％,其中词汇理解占５％,长篇阅读占１０％,仔细阅读占
２０％.考试时间４０分钟.
词汇理解:采用选词填空题型,考核学生对篇章语境中词汇的理解和运用能力.篇章
中删去了１０个词汇,并在篇章后提供１５个词汇选项.要求考生在对篇章理解的基础上从
所给的词汇选项中选择正确的词汇答题,使篇章复原.
长篇阅读理解:采用段落匹配题型,考核考生运用略读和查读的技能从篇章中获取信
息的能力.略读要求学生通过快速阅读获取文章主旨大意或中心思想;查读要求学生快速
查找篇章中的特定信息.篇章后附有１０个句子,每句１题.每句所含的信息出自篇章中的
某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落.有的段落可能对应两题,有的段落
可能不对应任何一题.
仔细阅读理解:采用选择题(单选题)题型,考核学生在不同层面上的阅读理解能力,
包括理解主旨大意和重要细节、综合分析、推测判断以及根据上下文推测词义等.每个篇章
后有５个问题,要求考生根据对篇章的理解从每题的四个选项中选择最佳答案.
８４)翻译
试题所呈现的是一个或几个汉语段落,不含生僻的专业词汇或习语.试题内容的难度
略高于四级.要求考生在规定的时间内将汉语段落译成英语.翻译部分的分值比例为
１５％.考试时间３０分钟.
３．２六级口试
３．２．１考试形式
六级口试采用计算机化考试形式.模拟考官及试题呈现在计算机屏幕上,试题材料采
用文字或画面提示(图画、图表、照片等).考生由计算机系统随机编排为两人一组.考生在
计算机上进行考生与模拟考官、考生与考生之间的互动.考试分为三个部分,考试总时间约
１８分钟.
３．２．２考试过程
考试按以下步骤进行:
部分 内容 考 试 过 程 答题时间
自我介绍:每位考生２０秒(两位
自我 介 绍 和 先由考生自我介绍,然后回答考官提 考生依次进行)
第一部分
问答 问.考试时间约２分钟. 回答问题:每位考生３０秒(两位
考生同步进行)
考生准备１分钟后,根据所给提示作 个人陈述:每位考生１分３０秒
第二部分 陈述和讨论 个人陈述;两位考生就指定的话题讨 (两位考生依次进行)
论.考试时间约８分钟. 两人讨论:３分钟
考生回答考官的一个问题.考试时间 每位考生４５秒(两位考生同步
第三部分 问答
约１分钟. 进行)
第一部分:根据考官指令,两位考生分别作一个简短的自我介绍,每位考生答题２０
秒;然后每位考生回答一个问题,答题时间３０秒.这部分主要用于“热身”目的,使考生进入
良好的应考状态.
第二部分:根据考官指令和屏幕显示的文字或画面提示,考生准备１分钟,然后就所
给提示依次作个人陈述,每位考生答题１分３０秒;此后两位考生就指定的话题展开讨论,讨
论时间３分钟.这部分是考试的重点内容,检测考生用英语进行连贯的口头表达的能力,以
及传达信息、发表意见、参与讨论和进行辩论等口头交际能力.
第三部分:考生再次各自回答一个问题,每位考生答题４５秒.这部分给考生进一步
展示自己口头交际能力的机会.
考
试
系
列
介
绍
９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
４．主观题评分
４．１作文评分
４．１．１评分方法
四级和六级的作文评分均采用总体印象评分方式.作文满分为１５分,分为五个档次:
１４分档(１３－１５分)、１１分档(１０－１２分)、８分档(７－９分)、５分档(４－６分)和２分档(１－３
分).四级和六级采用相同的档次描述.每次阅卷时,参照档次描述分别确定当次考试四级
和六级各档次的评分样卷.阅卷员经过培训后参照评分样卷对考生的作文答卷进行评分.
４．１．２评分标准
四级和六级的写作测试难度不同,考核要求不同.相同档次的四级评分样卷和六级评
分样卷具有级别上的差异.各档次描述如下:
档次 档 次 描 述
１４分档 切题.表达思想清楚,文字通顺、连贯,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错.
１１分档 切题.表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误.
基本切题.有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯,语言错误相当多,其中有一些是
８分档
严重错误.
５分档 基本切题.表达思想不清楚,连贯性差,有较多的严重语言错误.
２分档 条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误.
４．２翻译评分
４．２．１评分方法
四级和六级的翻译评分均采用总体印象评分方式.翻译满分为１５分,分为五个档次:
１４分档(１３－１５分)、１１分档(１０－１２分)、８分档(７－９分)、５分档(４－６分)和２分档(１－３
分).四级和六级采用相同的档次描述.每次阅卷时,参照档次描述分别确定当次考试四级
和六级各档次的评分样卷.阅卷员经过培训后参照评分样卷对考生的翻译答卷进行评分.
４．２．２评分标准
四级和六级的翻译测试难度不同,考核要求不同.相同档次的四级评分样卷和六级评
分样卷具有级别上的差异.各档次描述如下:
档次 档 次 描 述
译文准确表达了原文的意思.译文流畅,结构清晰,用词贴切,基本无语言错误,仅有个别
１４分档
小错.
１１分档 译文基本表达了原文的意思.结构较清晰,语言通顺,但有少量语言错误.
１０(续表)
档次 档 次 描 述
８分档 译文勉强表达了原文的意思.译文勉强连贯,语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误.
５分档 译文仅表达了小部分原文的意思.译文连贯性差,有相当多的严重语言错误.
２分档 除个别词语或句子,译文基本没有表达原文的意思.
４．３口语考试评分
４．３．１评分方法
四级口语考试的评分分为人工评分部分和计算机自动评分部分.人工评分总分为１５
分;计算机自动评分(朗读部分)总分为５分.人工评分的分值和计算机评分的分值合成后
的考试总分为２０分,成绩报道时转换为A、B、C和D四个等级.
六级口语考试全部采用人工评分,总分为１５分,成绩报道时转换为A、B、C和D四个
等级.
４．３．２评分标准
１)人工评分
四级人工评分和六级评分采用相同的评分标准.每次评分时,参照各项评分标准描述
分别确定当次四级和六级口试各等级的标准样本.评分员经过培训后参照标准样本对考生
的答题表现进行评分.评分基于以下三项标准,每个单项满分为５分.评分标准描述如下:
准确性和范围:“准确性”指考生的语音、语调以及所使用的语法和词汇的准确程度;
“范围”指考生使用的词汇和语法结构的复杂度和丰富度.
话语长短和连贯性:“话语长短”指考生对整个考试中的交际所作的贡献、讲话的多
少;“连贯性”指考生能进行较长时间的、语言连贯的发言.
灵活性和适切性:“灵活性”指考生应付不同场景和话题的能力;“适切性”指考生根据
不同场合选用适当确切的语言的能力.
准确性和范围 话语长短和连贯性 灵活性和适切性
语法和词汇基本正确 能自如地应对不同场景和
• •
表达过程中词汇丰富、语法 能进行较长时间的发言,语 话题
５ • •
结构较为复杂 言连贯,组织思想和搜寻词语时 能积极地参与讨论
分 •
发音较好,但允许有一些不 偶尔出现停顿,但不影响交际 语言的使用总体上能与语
• •
影响理解的母语口音 境、功能和目的相适应
能较自如地应对不同场景
语法和词汇有一些错误,但 能进行较连贯的发言,但多 •
• • 和话题
４ 未严重影响交际 数发言较简短
能较积极地参与讨论
分 表达过程中词汇较丰富 组织思想和搜寻词语时频繁 • 考
• • 语言的使用基本上能与语
发音尚可 出现停顿,有时会影响交际 • 试
• 境、功能和目的相适应 系
列
介
绍
１１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
(续表)
准确性和范围 话语长短和连贯性 灵活性和适切性
语法和词汇有错误,且有时
• 发言简短
会影响交际 • 不能积极参与讨论
３ 组织思想和搜寻词语时频繁 •
表达过程中词汇不丰富,语 • 有时不能适应话题或内容
分 • 出现较长时间且影响交际的停 •
法结构较简单 的转换
顿,但能基本完成交际任务
发音有缺陷,有时会影响交际
•
语法和词汇有相当多的错
•
误,以致交际时常中断
２ 发言简短且毫无连贯性,基
表达过程中因缺乏词汇和语 • 不能参与讨论
分 • 本不能进行交际 •
法结构而严重影响交际
发音较差
•
１分 不描述 不描述 不描述
２)计算机自动评分
四级朗读任务采用计算机自动评分,基于准确性、流利度和完整性三项标准,满分为５
分.评分标准描述如下:
分数 标 准 描 述
意群停顿恰当,语音、语调正确
•
５分 朗读流利,基本没有重复、自我更正
•
内容完整
•
有少量的意群停顿错误,语音、语调有一些错误,但未严重影响听者的理解
•
４分 朗读较流利,有少量重复、自我更正
•
内容基本完整
•
有较多意群停顿错误,语音、语调也有较多错误,且有时会影响听者的理解
•
３分 朗读不够流利,有较多停顿、重复、自我更正
•
内容不够完整
•
意群停顿完全混乱,语音、语调有大量错误,严重影响听者的理解
•
２分 朗读有大量停顿、重复、自我更正
•
内容支离破碎
•
１分 不描述
５．分数解释及成绩报道
５．１笔试
５．１．１分数解释
四、六级笔试是“标准相关―常模参照”的标准化考试.标准相关体现在试卷各部分的设
１２计和命题参照了«大学英语教学指南»规定的技能和要求.常模参照体现在考后各部分的原始
分转换成报道分时分别参照各部分的常模.因此,考试既是标准相关又具有常模参照的性质.
四、六级笔试的原始总分经过等值处理后参照总分常模转换成常模正态分,均值为５００、
标准差为７０,报道总分在２２０分至７１０分之间.各部分报道分的相加之和等于报道总分.
四、六级笔试成绩由三个单项分和总分构成.单项分依次为:听力、阅读、写作和翻译.
考生的四级笔试成绩达到４２５分及以上,表明其语言能力已达到«大学英语教学指南»中“基
础目标”所设定的教学要求;考生的六级笔试成绩达到４２５分及以上,表明其语言能力已达
到«大学英语教学指南»中“提高目标”所设定的教学要求.考试委员会在其官网(http://
www．cet．edu．cn)公布了总分和各单项分的百分位对照表,每位考生均可在其所考级别的常
模中找到其成绩的百分位位置,即在其所考级别的常模群体中所处的相对位置.这也为考
试成绩使用者了解考生的相对能力水平提供了依据.
５．１．２成绩报道
四、六级笔试成绩总分达到２２０分及以上的考生将获得由教育部考试中心颁发的“全国
大学英语四、六级考试成绩报告单”.
考试委员会每次考试后向实施考试的各个院校提供该校考生的成绩(总分和各部分单
项分)和有关该校的各种统计数据,以利于各院校的大学英语教学.
５．２口语考试
５．２．１能力等级描述
四级和六级的口语考试难度不同,考核要求不同.两个级别的能力等级描述见下表.
四级口试能力等级描述
等级 等 级 描 述
能用英语就熟悉的话题进行交谈,基本没有困难.
A 能就熟悉的话题连贯地发表意见和看法.
能清晰、流利地叙述或描述一般性事件和现象.
能用英语就熟悉的话题进行交谈,虽有些困难,但不影响交际.
B 能就熟悉的话题作较连贯的发言.
能较清晰、流利地叙述或描述一般性事件和现象.
能用英语就熟悉的话题进行简单的交谈.
C 能就熟悉的话题作简短的发言.
能简单地叙述或描述一般性事件和现象.
D 尚不具备英语口头交际能力.
考
试
系
列
介
绍
１３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
六级口试能力等级描述
等级 等 级 描 述
能用英语就一般性话题进行深入的交谈.
A 能清晰、流利地表达个人意见、情感、观点等.
能详细地陈述事实、理由和描述事件、现象等.
能用英语就一般性话题进行较深入的交谈.
B 能较清晰、较连贯地表达个人意见、情感、观点等.
能较详细地陈述事实、理由和描述事件、现象等.
能用英语就一般性话题进行简单的交谈.
C 能基本表达个人意见、情感、观点等.
能简单地陈述事实、理由和描述事件、现象等.
D 尚不具备基本的英语口头交际能力.
５．２．２成绩报道
参加四级口语考试的考生将获得同时含有笔试成绩和口试等级的“全国大学英语四级
考试成绩报告单”;参加六级口语考试的考生将获得同时含有笔试成绩和口试等级的“全国
大学英语六级考试成绩报告单”.
１４词 表
词
表
１５
说明
本词表专为大学英语四、六级考试所制定.词目的选择遵循“以定量分
析为主,定性分析为辅”的原则,参考了«大学英语教学大纲»(«大学英语教
学大纲»修订工作组,１９９９)以及«大学英语课程教学要求»(教育部高等教育
司,２００７)所附词表;还参照了 CollinsCobuild,BYUCorpusofAmerican
English等词典及词库的词频统计,以及AdvancedLearnersDictionaryof
CurrentEnglish,LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish等常用
的学习型词典列出的词汇.
随着社会的发展,近年来出现了大量新生词汇.因此,本词表还收录了
少量出现频率较高的新词,如swipe,smartphone,podcast等.本词表还收录
了１９８７年以来四、六级考试考核频率较高但未列入以前教学词表的词汇.
本词表共收录词目５４１８个.分四级和六级两个级别,其中六级词用
号标出.本词表只列词形,不列词性,不给释义,不注读音.
★
词表中的同形异音异义词分列,如minute,resume,lead,invalid等;同
形异义词一般也予以分列,如just,mine,bound,patient等.
有两种拼法的词并列,如adviser/advisor;既有英式又有美式拼法的词
原则上以美式拼法为主,如labo(u)r,skeptical/sceptical,judg(e)ment,
connection/connexion,special(i)ty.
派生词原则上不单列(特别常用的除外).如列了serious,则不另列
seriously,seriousness.如果形式上是派生词,而实际上已不被看成派生词,则
单独列出,如interesting,remarkable,really,advanced,proceedings等.全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
a/an
abandon
abbreviation
★
abide
★
able ability
abnormal
★
aboard
abolish abolition
abort abortion
★
about
above
abreast
★
abroad
abrupt
★
absent absence
absolute
absorb absorption
abstract
absurd absurdity
★
abundant abundance
abuse abusive
academy academic academician
accelerate acceleration
accent
accept acceptance acceptable
access accessible
accessory
★
accident accidental
acclaim
★
accommodate accommodation
accompany
accomplish accomplishment
accord
accordance
accordingto
accordingly
account accounting accountant accountancy
accountable accountability
accumulate accumulation accumulative
accurate accuracy
accuse accusation
accustom accustomed
１６ace
ache
achieve achievement
acid acidity
acknowledge acknowledgement
acquaint acquaintance
acquire acquisition
acre
across
act action acting
activate
★
active activity activist
actor actress
actual actually
acupuncture
★
acute
adapt adaptation adaptive
add addition additional
addict addiction addictive
address
adequate adequacy adequately
adhere adherence
★
adjacent
★
adjective
adjust adjustment
administer/administrate administration administrative
admire admiration admirable
admit admission admittance admittedly
adolescent adolescence
★
adopt adoption
adore adorable
★
adult adulthood
advance advancement advanced
advantage advantageous
advent
★
adventure adventurer adventurous
adverb
adversary
★
adverse adversity
★
advertise advertisement/ad advertising
advice
advise advisor/Ｇer advisory advisable 词
表
１７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
advocate advocacy
aerial
aesthetic aesthetics
★
affair
affect
affection affectionate
affiliate affiliation
★
affirm affirmation affirmative
★
affix affixation
★
affluent affluence
afford affordable affordability
afloat
★
afraid
after
aftermath
★
afternoon
afterward(s)
again
against
age aged ag(e)ing
agenda
agent agency
aggravate aggravation
★
aggregate
★
aggressive aggression
agitate agitation
★
ago
agony
★
agree agreement agreeable
agriculture agricultural
ahead
aid
aide
★
AIDS
ail ailment
★
aim
air
airborne
★
airＧconditioning airＧconditioner
aircraft
airline
airplane/aeroplane
１８airport
aisle
akin
★
alarm
album
alcohol alcoholic
ale
★
alert
algebra
alien alienate alienation
★
align alignment
★
alike
alive
all
allege allegation alleged allegedly
allergic allergy
★
alleviate alleviation
★
alley
allocate allocation
★
allot allotment
★
allow
allowance
alloy
★
allude allusion
★
allure allurement
★
ally alliance
almighty
★
almost
aloft
★
alone
along
alongside
aloud
alphabet alphabetic(al)
already
also
alter alteration
alternate alternation alternately
★
alternative
although
altitude
altogether 词
表
１９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
alumin(i)um
always
am
amass
★
amateur
amaze amazing amazement
ambassador
ambiguous ambiguity
★
ambition ambitious
ambulance
amend amendment
★
amiable
★
amid(st)
ammunition
★
among(st)
amount
ample
amplify amplification
★
amuse amusing amusement
analogue analogous
★
analogy
★
analyze/Ｇyse analysis analytic(al) analyst
ancestor ancestry
anchor anchorage
ancient
and
anecdote anecdotal
★
anew
angel
angle
angry anger
anguish
★
animal
animate animated animation
★
ankle
annex annexation
★
anniversary
announce announcement
annoy annoyance
annual
anonymous anonymity
★
another
２０answer
ant
antagonism antagonist antagonistic antagonistically
★
antenna
★
antibiotic
★
anticipate anticipation
antique
antonym
★
anxious anxiety
any
anybody/anyone
anyhow
anything
anyway
anywhere
apart
apartment/apt．
ape
★
apology apologize/Ｇise apologetic
app
appal(l) appalling
★
apparatus
apparent apparently
appeal appealing
appear appearance
appease appeasement
★
appendix
★
appetite
applaud applause
apple
appliance
apply application applicant applicable
appoint appointment
appraise appraisal
★
appreciate appreciation appreciative
apprentice
★
approach
appropriate１
appropriate２ appropriation
★
approve approval
approximate approximately approximation
April 词
表
２１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
apron
★
apt aptly
★
aptitude
arbitrary arbitrarily
arbitrate arbitration
★
arc
★
arch
★
architect
architecture
archive
★
ardent
★
area
arena
★
argue argument argumentation argumentative arguable
arise
aristocrat aristocratic aristocracy
★
arithmetic
arm armament
armo(u)r
★
army
around
arouse arousal
arrange arrangement
array
★
arrest
arrive arrival
arrogant arrogance
★
arrow
art artist artistic artistically
artery
★
article
articulate articulation
★
artifact
★
artificial
artillery
★
as
ascend ascendance
★
ascertain
★
ascribe
★
ash
ashamed
ashore
２２aside
ask
asleep
aspect
aspire aspiration
★
ass
assassinate assassination assassin
★
assault
★
assemble assembly
assert assertion assertive
★
assess assessment
asset
assign assignment
assimilate assimilation
★
assist assistance assistant
associate association
assorted
★
assortment
★
assume assumption
assure assurance
astonish astonishment
astray
★
astronaut
astronomy astronomer astronomical
asylum
★
at
athlete athletic
atlas
★
atmosphere atmospheric
atom atomic
atop
atrocity atrocious
★
attach attachment
attack
attain attainment
attempt
attend attendance attendant
attention attentive
attic
attitude
attorney
attract attraction attractive 词
表
２３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
attribute attributable attributive
auction auctioneer
★
audience
audio
audit auditing auditor
★
auditorium
augment augmentation
★
August
aunt auntie
authentic authenticity
author
authority authoritative
authorize/Ｇise authorization/Ｇsation
auto(mobile)
autobiography autobiographic(al)
★
automate automation automatic automatically
autonomous autonomy
★
autumn
auxiliary
★
avail
★
available availability
avenge
★
avenue
average
avert aversion
★
aviation
avoid avoidance
await
awake
award
aware awareness
away
awe
awesome
awful
awkward
ax(e)
axis
baby
babyboom babyboomer
bachelor
back
２４background
backup
backward backwards
backyard
bacon
bacteria
bad
badge
badly
badminton
baffle
★
bag
baggage
bail
bait
bake bakery
balance
balcony
bald
★
ball
ballet
balloon
ballot
bamboo
ban
banana
band
bandage
bang
bank１ banking banker
bank２
banknote
bankrupt bankruptcy
banner
banquet
bar
barbecue/BBQ
barber
bare barely
bargain
barge
★
bark 词
表
２５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
barn
★
barometer
★
barracks
★
barrel
barren
★
barrier
base
baseball
basement
basic basically
basin
basis
basket
basketball
bass
★
bat
batch
bath
bathe
bathroom
battalion
batter
★
battery
battle
bay
be
beach
bead
★
beak
★
beam
bean
bear
beard
bearing
beast
beat
beauty beautiful beautify
because
beckon
★
become
bed bedding
bee
２６beef
beer
beetle
★
before
beforehand
beg beggar
begin beginning
behalf
behave behavio(u)r behavio(u)ral
behind
being
belief
believe
bell
belly
belong belongings
beloved
below
belt
bench
bend
beneath
benefit beneficial beneficiary
benevolent benevolence
★
benign
★
berry
beset
★
beside
besides
besiege
★
best
bestＧseller bestＧselling
bet
betray betrayal
better
between
beverage
beware
★
bewilder bewilderment
★
beyond
bias
Bible Biblical/biblical 词
表
２７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
bibliography
★
bicycle/bike
bid
big
bilateral
★
bill
billion billionaire
bin
bind
binoculars
★
biochemistry biochemical biochemist
biography biographical biographer
biology biological biologist
biotechnology
bird
birth
birthday
biscuit
bishop
★
bit
bitch
bite
bitter
bizarre
★
black
blackboard
blackmail
★
blade
blame
blank
blanket
blast
blaze
★
bleach
★
bleak
★
bleed
blend
bless blessing
blind
blink
★
bloc
★
block
２８blog
blond(e)
blood bloody
bloom
blossom
blouse
blow
blue
blueprint
bluff
★
blunder
★
blunt
★
blur
blush
★
board
boast boastful
boat
body bodily
boil boiler
bold
bolster
★
bolt
bomb
bond bondage
bone bony
bonus
book
boom
boost
boot
booth
border
bore１ boring
bore２
born
borrow
boss
botany botanical
★
both
bother
bottle
bottom 词
表
２９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
bounce
bound１
bound２
bound３
boundary
bouquet
★
bout
★
bow１
bow２
bowel
bowl
box１
box２
boxing
boy
boycott
★
brace
★
bracket
brag
brain
brake
branch
brand
brandＧnew
brandy
brass
brave bravery
breach
★
bread
break
breakdown
breakfast
breakthrough
breast
breath
breathe
breed
breeze
brew brewery
★
bribe bribery
brick
bride
３０bridegroom
bridge
brief briefing
briefcase
brigade
★
bright brighten
brilliant brilliance
bring
brink
★
brisk
★
broad broaden breadth
broadcast
brochure
broke
broker
bronze
★
brood
★
broom
brother
brow
brown
browse browser
bruise
★
brunch
brush
brutal brutality
bubble
buck
bucket
buckle
bud
buddy
Buddhism Buddhist
★
budget budgetary
buffalo
★
buffer
★
buffet
bug
build building
bulb
bulk bulky
bull 词
表
３１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
bullet
bulletin
bully
bump
bumper
bunch
bundle
burden
bureau
bureaucrat bureaucratic bureaucracy
★
burglar burglary
★
burn
burst
bury burial
bus
bush bushy
business
businessman
bust
★
busy
but
butcher
butt
★
butter
butterfly
button
buy buyer
buzz
★
by
bypass
bystander
cab
cabbage
cabin
cabinet
cable
cafe
cafeteria
cage
cake
calcium
★
calculate calculation calculator calculating
３２calendar
calf
call
calling
calm
calorie
camel
camera
camp
campaign
campus
can１
can２
canal
cancel cancellation
cancer
candidate candidacy
candle
candy
cane
cannon
★
canoe
★
canteen
canvas
★
cap
capable capability
capacity
cape
★
capital capitalist capitalism
capsule
★
captain
caption
★
captive
★
capture
car
caravan
★
carbohydrate
★
carbon
card
cardboard
cardinal
★
care careful careless 词
表
３３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
career
cargo
carpenter
carpet
carriage
carrier
carrot
carry
cart
carton
★
cartoon cartoonist
carve carving
★
case
cash
cashier
casino
★
cast
castle
casual
casualty
★
cat
catalog(ue)
catastrophe catastrophic
★
catch
category
cater
cathedral
★
Catholic
★
cattle
cauliflower
★
cause
caution cautious
cave
cavity
★
cease
ceiling
celebrate celebration
celebrity
★
cell
cellar
cellＧphone
Celsius/Ｇcius
３４cement
cemetery
★
censor censorship
★
census
★
cent
center/Ｇtre central centralize/Ｇise
centigrade
centimeter/Ｇtre
century
ceramic
★
cereal
ceremony ceremonial
certain certainly certainty
certificate
certify certification
★
chain
chair
chairman/chairperson
chalk
challenge challenging
chamber
★
champagne
champion championship
chance
chancellor
★
change
channel
chant
★
chaos chaotic
chapel
★
chapter
character characteristic characterize/Ｇise
charge
charity charitable
charm charming
chart
charter
chase
chat
cheap
cheat
check１
词
表
３５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
check２/cheque
cheek
cheer cheerful
cheese
chef
chemistry chemical chemist
cherish
chess
chest
chew
chicken
chief
child childish
chill chilly
chimney
chin
china
chip
chocolate
choice
choir
★
choke
cholesterol
choose choosy
chop
chopstick
chord
★
chore
chorus
Christ Christmas Christian Christianity
chronic chronically
★
chronicle
★
chunk
★
church
cigar
cigaret(te)
cinema
circle circular
circuit
circulate circulation
circumstance
circus
３６cite citation
citizen citizenship
city
civic
★
civil civilize/Ｇise civilization/Ｇsation
civilian
claim
clamp
★
clan
★
clap
clarity clarify clarification
clash
clasp
★
class
classic classical
classify classification classified
classmate
classroom
clause
claw
clay
clean
cleanse
★
clear clearly
clearance
★
clearＧcut
clearing
★
clench
★
clergy
★
clerk clerical
clever
cliché
★
click
client
cliff
climate climatic
climax
climb
cling
clinic clinical
clip
cloak 词
★
表
３７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
clock
clockwise
clog
★
clone
close
closet
★
cloth
clothe clothing
clothes
cloud cloudy
clown
club
clue
clumsy
cluster
★
clutch
★
coach
coal
coalition
★
coarse
coast coastal
coat
cocaine
★
cock
cockpit
★
cocktail
★
coconut
★
code
coexist coexistence
★
coffee
cognitive cognition
★
coherent coherence
cohesion cohesive
coil
coin coinage
coincide coincidence
★
cold
collaborate collaboration collaborative
collapse
collar
colleague
collect collection
３８collective
college
collide collision
★
colon semiＧcolon
colonel
★
colony colonial colonialism colonize/Ｇise
colo(u)r colo(u)rful
column columnist
comb
combat combative
combine combination
come
comedy
comet
★
comfort comfortable
comic
★
comma
command commander
commemorate commemoration
★
commence commencement
commend commendation
★
comment commentary commentator
commerce commercial commercialize/Ｇise
commission
commit commitment
committee
commodity
common
commonplace
commonwealth
★
communicate communication communicative
commune communist communism
community
commute commuter
compact
companion companionship
company
compare comparison comparative comparable
compartment
★
compass
compassion compassionate
★
compatible compatibility 词
表
３９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
compel compelling
compensate compensation compensatory
compete competition competitive competitor
competent competence
compile compilation
★
complacent complacency
★
complain complaint
complement complementary
★
complete completion
complex complexity
complexion
★
complicate complicated complication
compliment complimentary
★
comply compliance
component
compose composition composer
composite
★
compound１
compound２
comprehend comprehension
comprehensive
compress compression
★
comprise
compromise
compulsory
compute computer computerize/Ｇise computation
comrade
conceal concealment
concede concession
★
conceit conceited
★
conceive conception
★
concentrate concentration
concept conceptual
concern concerned concerning
concert concerted
concise
★
conclude conclusion conclusive
concrete
concurrent
★
condemn condemnation
condense condensation
condition conditional conditioner
４０condolence
★
conducive
★
conduct conductor
confederation confederate
★
confer
★
conference
confess confession
confide
★
confidence confident confidential
configuration
★
confine confinement
confirm confirmation
conflict
conform conformity
confront confrontation
Confucian Confucianism
confuse confusion
congratulate congratulation congratulatory
congregate congregation
★
congress congressional
conjunction
connect connection/Ｇxion
connotation
★
conquer conqueror conquest
conscience
conscientious
conscious consciousness
consecutive
★
consensus
consent
consequence consequent consequently
conservative
conserve conservation
★
consider consideration considering
considerable
considerate
consist
consistent consistency
console consolation
★
consolidate consolidation
conspicuous
★
conspire conspiracy 词
★
表
４１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
constant
constituent constituency
★
constitute
constitution constitutional
constrain constraint
★
construct construction
consulate consul
★
consult consultation consultative consultant
consume consumer consumption
contact
contagious
★
contain container containment
contaminate contamination
contemplate contemplation contemplative
★
contemporary
contempt contemptible
contend contention contentious
content１
content２ contented
contest contestant
context contextual
continent continental
contingent
★
continue continuation continual continuous continuity
contract１ contractor
contract２ contraction
contradict contradiction contradictory
contrary
contrast
contribute contribution contributor
contrive
★
control
controversy controversial
convene
★
convenient convenience
convention conventional
converge convergence
★
converse１ conversation
converse２
★
convert conversion convertible
convey conveyance
convict conviction
★
４２convince convincing
convoy
★
cook cooker
cookie
cool
cooperate cooperation cooperative
coordinate coordination coordinator
cop
cope
copper
copy
copyright
coral
★
cord
cordial cordiality
★
core
cork
★
corn
corner
cornerstone
corporal
★
corporation corporate
corps
corpse
★
correct correction corrective
correlate correlation correlative
★
correspond correspondence correspondent corresponding
corridor
corrode corrosion
★
corrupt corruption
cosmetic
★
cosmopolitan
★
cosmos cosmic
cost costly
costume
cottage
cotton
couch
cough
could
council council(l)or
counsel counsel(l)or 词
表
４３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
count
countdown
counter
counteract counteraction
★
counterfeit
★
counterpart
country
countryside
county
coup(détat)
★
couple
coupon
courage courageous
course
court１
court２
courtesy
★
courtyard
cousin
cover coverage
cow
coward cowardly cowardice
cowboy
cozy/Ｇsy
★
crab
crack
crackdown
★
cracker
cradle
★
craft
cram
★
crane
crash
crate
★
crave
★
crawl
crazy craze
cream creamy
create creation creative creator
creature
credential
★
credible credibility
★
４４credit creditable
creep
crew
cricket
★
crime criminal
cripple
★
crisis
crisp
★
criterion
criticize/Ｇise criticism critic critical
crocodile
crop
cross crossing
crouch
★
crow
★
crowd crowded
crown
crucial
crude
★
cruel cruelty
cruise cruiser
crumble
★
crunch
★
crush
crust
★
cry
crystal
cub
★
cube cubic
cucumber
cue
cuisine
★
culminate culmination
★
cult
★
cultivate cultivation
culture cultural
cumulative
★
cunning
★
cup
cupboard
curb
cure curable 词
表
４５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
curfew
★
curious curiosity
curl
currency
current currently
curriculum
curse
curtail
★
curtain
curve
cushion
custody
★
custom customary
customer
customs
cut
cute
cyberspace
cycle cycling cyclist
cylinder
★
cynical cynicism
★
dad(dy)
daily
dairy
dam
damage
damn
damp dampen
dance
danger dangerous
dare daring
dark darkness darken
darling
dart
★
dash
data datum
database
date１ dating
date２
daughter
dawn
day daily
４６daylight
dazzle
★
dead
deadline
deadlock
★
deadly
deaf
deal１ dealer dealing
deal２
dean
dear
death
debate
debris
★
debt debtor
debut
★
decade
decay
deceive deceit deception deceptive
December
decent
decide decision decisive
decimal
★
deck
declare declaration declarative
decline
decorate decoration decorative
decrease
decree
★
dedicate dedication
★
deduce deducible
★
deduct deduction deductive deductible
★
deed
deem
deep deeply depth
deer
default
★
defeat
defect１ defective
defect２ defection
defend defense/Ｇce defensive defendant
defer 词
★
表
４７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
deficient deficiency
deficit
define definition
definite definitely
defy defiance defiant
degenerate degeneration
★
degrade degradation
★
degree
delay
delegate delegation
delete deletion
deliberate deliberation
delicacy
★
delicate
delicious
delight delightful
deliver delivery
delude delusion
★
demand demanding
democracy democratic democrat
demographic
★
demonstrate demonstration/demo demonstrative
denote denotation
★
denounce denunciation
★
dense density
dent
dental
dentist
deny denial
depart departure
department
depend dependent dependence dependable
depict depiction
★
deplete depletion
★
deplore
★
deploy deployment
★
deport deportation
★
deposit
depot
★
depreciate depreciation
★
depress depression
deprive deprivation
４８depth
deputy
derail derailment
★
deregulate deregulation
★
derive derivative derivation
descend descent descendant
describe description descriptive
desert１
desert２ desertion
deserve
design designer
designate designation
★
desire desirable desirability desirous
desk
desktop
desolate
★
despair desperate
despatch
despise
★
despite
dessert
destination
destiny destined
★
destroy destruction destructive
detach detached detachment
★
detail detailed
detain detention
★
detect detection detective
deter deterrent
★
detergent
★
deteriorate deterioration
determine determination determined
detriment detrimental
★
devastate devastating devastation
★
develop development developmental developer
deviate deviation
★
device
devil
devise
devote devotion
devour
★
dew 词
表
４９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
diabetes
diagnose diagnosis
diagram
dial
dialect
dialog(ue)
diameter
diamond
diary
dictate dictation dictator
dictionary
die dying
diesel
★
diet dietary
differ difference different
differentiate differentiation
★
difficult difficulty
diffuse diffusion
★
dig
digest digestion digestive
digit digital
dignity dignify
dilemma
diligent diligence
dilute dilution
★
dim
dime
dimension dimensional
diminish
★
dine diner
dinner
dinosaur
★
dioxide
dip
diploma
diplomat diplomatic diplomacy
direct direction director
directory
★
dirt dirty
disable disabled disability
disagree disagreement
disappear disappearance
５０disappoint disappointment disappointing
disapprove disapproval
disarm disarmament
★
disaster disastrous
discard
discern
★
discharge
discipline disciplined disciplinary
disclose disclosure
★
disco
discord
★
discount
discourage
discourse
★
discover discovery
discreet
★
discrepancy
★
discriminate discrimination discriminatory
discuss discussion
disease
disguise
disgust disgusting
dish
disintegrate disintegration
disk/disc
dislike
dismantle
★
dismay
★
dismiss dismissal
disorder
dispatch/despatch
★
dispense
★
disperse
★
displace displacement
★
display
dispose disposal
disposition
★
dispute disputable
disregard
★
disrupt disruptive disruption
dissent
★
dissertation 词
★
表
５１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
dissident
★
dissolve
distance distant
distil(l)
★
distinct distinction distinctive
distinguish distinguishable
distort distortion
★
distract distraction
distress distressful
distribute distribution distributive
district
disturb disturbance
ditch
dive
diverse diversify diversity
divert diversion
★
divide division divisive
dividend
★
divine
★
divorce
dizzy
do
dock
doctor doctorate doctoral
doctrine
★
document documentary
dodge
★
dog
dogma
★
dole
★
doll
dollar
dolphin
domain
★
dome
★
domestic
dominate domination dominance dominant
donate donation donor
donkey
doom
door
dormitory/dorm
５２dose dosage
dot
double
doubt doubtful doubtless
dough
★
dove
down
downgrade
★
download
downstairs
downtown
downward downwards
doze
★
dozen
draft
drag
dragon
drain drainage
drama dramatic dramatically
drastic drastically
draw drawing
drawback
★
drawer
dread dreadful
★
dream dreamy
dress
dressing
★
drift
drill
drink
drip
drive driver
drop
dropout
drought
drown
drug
drum
drunk drunken drunkard
dry dryer
dual
dub 词
★
表
５３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
dubious
★
duck
due duly
dull
dumb
dump
duplicate duplication
★
durable durability
duration
during
dusk
dust dusty
duty
dwarf
★
dwell dweller dwelling
★
dye
dynamic dynamics
dynasty
each
eager
eagle
ear
early
earn earnings
earnest
earth
earthquake
ease
east eastern
Easter
★
easy easily
easyＧgoing
eat
eccentric
★
echo
eclipse
★
ecology ecological
economics economist
economy economic economical
ecosystem
★
edge
edible
★
５４edit editor edition
editorial
educate education educational educator
effect effective
efficient efficiency
effort
egg
eggplant
ego egoism egoist
★
eight
eighteen
eighth
eighty
either
eject ejection
★
elaborate elaboration
★
elapse
★
elastic elasticity
★
elbow
elder elderly
elect election elective
electoral electorate
★
electricity electric(al) electrician
electron electronic electronically electronics
elegant elegance
element
elementary
elephant
elevate elevation elevator
eleven
elicit
★
eligible eligibility
★
eliminate elimination
elite
eloquent eloquence
★
else
elsewhere
email
emancipate emancipation
★
embargo
★
embark
★
embarrass embarrassment 词
表
５５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
embassy
embed
★
embody embodiment
★
embrace
embroidery
★
emerge emergence
emergency
emigrate emigration emigrant
★
eminent eminence
★
emit emission
emotion emotional
emperor empress
emphasis emphasize/Ｇise emphatic
empire
empirical
★
employ employment employer employee
empty emptiness
emulate emulation
★
enable
enact enactment
★
enclose enclosure
★
encounter
encourage encouragement encouraging
encyclop(a)edia
★
end ending endless
endanger
endeavo(u)r
★
endorse endorsement
★
endow endowment
★
endure endurance
enemy
energy energetic energetically
enforce enforcement
engage engagement
engine
engineer engineering
enhance enhancement
enjoy enjoyable enjoyment
enlarge
enlighten enlightenment enlightening
enlist
★
enormous
５６enough
enquire enquiry
enrich
enrol(l) enrol(l)ment
ensue
★
ensure
entail
★
enter entrance entry
enterprise enterprising
entertain entertainment entertaining
enthusiasm enthusiastic enthusiastically enthusiast
entire entirety
entitle
entity
★
entrepreneur entrepreneurial
entrust
★
envelop
★
envelope
environment environmental environmentalist
envisage
★
envoy
★
envy envious
epic
★
epidemic
★
episode
epoch
★
equal equally equality
equate equation
★
equator
★
equip equipment
equity equitable
★
equivalent equivalence
era
eradicate eradication
★
erase eraser
erect erection
★
erode erosion erosive
★
err error erroneous
errand
★
erupt eruption
★
escalate escalation escalator
★
escape 词
表
５７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
escort
★
especially
essay essayist
essence essential
establish establishment
estate
esteem
★
esthetic/aesthetic esthetics/aesthetics
★
estimate estimation
eternal eternity
ethic ethics
ethnic
etiquette
★
euro
evacuate evacuation
★
evade evasive evasion
★
evaluate evaluation
evaporate evaporation
★
eve
even evenly
evening
event eventful
eventually eventual eventuality
ever
every
everybody
everyday
everyone
everything
everywhere
evident evidence
evil
evoke
★
evolve evolution evolutionary
exact
exaggerate exaggeration
examine exam(ination) examiner examinee
example exemplary exemplify
exceed exceedingly
excel
excellent excellence
except
５８exception exceptional
excerpt
★
excess excessive
exchange
excite exciting excitement
exclaim exclamation exclamatory
exclude exclusion exclusive
excursion
excuse
execute execution executive
exempt exemption
★
exercise
exert exertion
exhaust exhaustion exhaustive
exhibit exhibition
exile
exist existence existent existing
exit
exotic
★
expand expansion expansive
expect expectation expectancy
expedition
★
expel
expend expenditure
expense expensive
experience experienced
experiment experimental
expert
expertise
expire expiration
★
explain explanation explanatory
explicit
explode explosion explosive
exploit exploitation
explore exploration
exponent
★
export exportation
expose exposure
exposition
★
express expression expressive
expressway
exquisite 词
★
表
５９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
extend extension extensive extended
extent
exterior
external
extinct extinction
★
extinguish
extra
extract extraction
★
extraordinary
extravagant extravagance
★
extreme extremity
eye
eyebrow
eyesight
fable
fabric
fabricate fabrication
★
fabulous
★
face facial
facet
★
facility facilitate facilitation
fact factual
faction
★
factor
factory
faculty
fade
fail failure
faint
fair１ fairly
fair２
fairy
faith faithful
fake
fall１
fall２
false falsehood
fame famous
familiar familiarity familiarize/Ｇise
family
famine
fan
６０fancy
fantasy fantastic
far
fare
farewell
farm farmer farming
farther
fascinate fascinating fascination
fascist fascism
★
fashion fashionable
fast
fasten
fat
fatal fatality
fate
father fatherly
fatigue
fault faulty
favo(u)r favo(u)rable favo(u)rite
fax
fear fearful
feasible feasibility
feast
★
feat
★
feather
feature
February
federal
federation
fee
feeble
★
feed
feedback
feel feeling
fellow fellowship
female
feminine feminism feminist
★
fence
ferry
fertile fertility fertilizer/Ｇiser
festival
fetch 词
表
６１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
fever feverish
few
fiber/Ｇbre
fiction fictional
field
fierce
fifteen
fifth
fifty
fight
figure figurative
file
fill filling
film
filter
final finally finalize/Ｇise
finance financial
find finding
fine１
fine２
finger
fingerprint
finish
finite
★
fire
fireman
fireplace
fireworks
firm１
firm２
first firstly
fiscal
★
fish fishing fisherman
fist
fit
five
fix fixed fixture fixation
flag
flame
flank
★
flap
★
flare
★
６２flash
flat１
flat２
flatter flattery
★
flavo(u)r
flaw flawless
flee
fleet
flesh
flexible flexibility
fling
★
flip
★
flirt flirtation
★
float
flock
flood
floor
flour
flourish
flow
flower
fluctuate fluctuation
fluent fluency
fluid
flush
★
flutter
★
fly１ flight
fly２
foam
★
focus
foe
★
fog foggy
foil
★
fold
folk
folklore
★
follow following
fond
food
fool foolish
foot
football 词
表
６３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
footprint
for
forbid
force forceful
forecast
forehead
foreign foreigner
foremost
foresee foreseeable
foresight
forest forestry
foretell
★
forever
forfeit
★
forge forgery
forget forgetful forgettable
forgive forgiving
fork
form formation
formal formality
format
former
formidable
★
formula
formulate formulation
fort
★
forth
forthcoming
fortify fortification
★
fortnight
★
fortune fortunate
forty
forum
forward
fossil
foster
★
foul
★
found founding founder
foundation
fountain
four
fourteen
６４fox
fraction
fracture
★
fragile fragility
★
fragment fragmentation fragmentary
fragrant fragrance
★
frame
framework
franchise
★
frank
frantic frantically
★
fraud fraudulent
★
free freedom
freeway
freeze
freight
frequent frequency
fresh
freshman
friction
★
Friday
friend friendly friendship
fright frighten
fringe
★
frog
from
front
frontier
frost frosty
frown
★
fruit fruitful
frustrate frustration frustrating
fry
fuck
fuel
fulfil(l) fulfil(l)ment
full
fun funny
function functional
fund funding
fundamental
funeral 词
表
６５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
fur
furnace
furnish
furniture
further
furthermore
fury furious
★
fuse
★
fusion
★
fuss
futile futility
★
future
gadget gadgetry
gain
galaxy
★
gallery
gallon
gamble
game
gang gangster
gaol
gap
garage
garbage
garden gardener gardening
garlic
★
garment
gas
gasoline/petrol
gasp
★
gate
gather gathering
gauge
★
gay
gaze
gear
gender
gene genetic genetically
general generally generalize/Ｇise
generate generator
generation
generous generosity
６６genius
genre
★
gentle
gentleman
genuine
geography geographic geographically
geology geological geologically
geometry geometric geometrically
germ
gesture
get
ghost
giant gigantic
gift gifted
giggle
★
girl
give
given
glacier
★
glad
glamo(u)r glamo(u)rous
★
glance
gland
★
glare
★
glass
gleam
★
glide glider
★
glimpse
glitter
★
globe global globalize/Ｇise
gloom gloomy
glory glorious
glossary
★
glove
glow
glue
go
goal
goat
god
gold golden
golf 词
表
６７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
good
goodbye
goodness
goods
goose
gorge
★
gorgeous
gospel
★
gossip
govern government governor
gown
grab
grace graceful gracious
grade
gradual gradually
graduate graduation
grain
gram(me)
grammar grammatical
grand
grandchild grandchildren grandson granddaughter
grandparent grandfather grandmother
grant granted
grape
graph graphic graphically
grasp
grass grassy
grateful
gratitude
grave
gravitation
gravity
gray/grey
graze
★
grease greasy
★
great
greed greedy
★
green
greenhouse
greet greeting
grid
★
grief grieve grievous
６８grill
★
grim
★
grin
grind
grip
groan
★
grocer grocery
groove
★
grope
★
gross
ground
group
grow growth
guarantee
guard guardian
guess
guest
guide guidance
guideline
guilt guilty
guitar guitarist
gulf
gum
gun
gut
guy
gym(nasium)
habit habitual
habitat
hack１ hacker
hack２
hail１
hail２
hair hairy
half
halfway
hall
halt
ham
hamburger/burger
hammer
hamper 词
★
表
６９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
hand handful
handbook
handicap handicapped
handicraft
★
handle
handsome
handwriting
handy
hang
happen
happy happiness happily
harass harassment
★
harbo(u)r
hard harden
hardly
hardship
hardware
hardy
★
harm harmful harmless
harmony harmonious
harness
harsh
harvest
haste hasty hasten
hat
hatch
hate hatred hateful
haul
haunt
have
haven
★
havoc
★
hawk
★
hay
hazard hazardous
haze hazy
he
head
headache
heading
headline
headmaster headmistress
７０headquarters
heal
health healthy healthful
heap
hear hearing
heart hearty
heartfelt
heat heated heating
heave
★
heaven
heavy
hectare
hectic
★
hedge
heel
height heighten
heir heiress
helicopter
hell
hello
helmet
★
help helpful helpless helplessly
hemisphere
★
hen
hence
henceforth
★
her
herald
★
herb herbal
★
herd
here
hereby
heritage
hero/heroine heroic heroism
heroin
★
hers
herself
hesitate hesitation hesitant
hi
hibernate hibernation
★
hide hiding
hierarchy hierarchical 词
★
表
７１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
high highly
highlight
highＧtech
highway
hijack
hike
★
hill hilly
him
himself
hinder hindrance
hinge
★
hint
hip
hire
his
history historic historical historian
hit
hitherto
★
hive
★
hobby
hockey
★
hoist
★
hold
hole
holiday
hollow
holy holiness
home homeless homely
homeland
homework
homogeneous
★
homosexual/homo
honest honesty
honey
honeymoon
hono(u)r hono(u)rable hono(u)rary
hook
hop
★
hope hopeful hopeless
horizon horizontal
horn
horror horrible horrify
７２horse
horsepower
hose
★
hospital hospitalize
hospitable hospitality
host１ hostess
host２
hostage
★
hostile hostility
hot
hotdog
hotel
hound
★
hour hourly
house housing
household
housewife
housework
hover
★
how
however
howl
★
huddle
★
hug
huge
hum
★
human humanity
humane humanism humanist humanitarian
★
humble humbly
humid humidity
★
humiliate humiliation
★
humo(u)r humo(u)rous
hundred
hunger hungry
hunt hunting hunter
hurdle
★
hurl
★
hurricane
★
hurry hurriedly
hurt hurtful
husband
hut 词
表
７３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
hybrid
★
hydrogen
hygiene hygienic
★
hyphen
hypocrisy hypocritical hypocrite
★
hypothesis hypothetical
★
hysterical hysteria
★
I
ice icy
iceberg
★
iceＧcream
icon
★
idea
ideal idealistic idealism
identify identification
identity identical
ideology ideological
★
idiom idiomatic
idiot idiotic
★
idle idly
idol
★
if
ignite ignition
★
ignorant ignorance
ignore
ill illness
illegal
illicit
★
illiterate illiteracy
★
illuminate illumination
★
illusion illusory
illustrate illustration illustrative
image imaging
imagine imagination imaginative imaginary
imitate imitation imitative
immediate immediately
immense immensely immensity
immerse immersion
★
immigrate immigration immigrant
imminent
★
immune immunity immunize/Ｇise
impact
７４impair
★
impart
★
impatient impatience
imperative
★
imperial imperialism imperialist
impetus
★
implement１ implementation
implement２
implicit
imply implication
import importation
important importance
impose imposition imposing
impossible impossibility
impress impression impressive
imprison imprisonment
★
impromptu
★
improve improvement
impulse impulsive
in
inaugurate inauguration
★
inborn
★
incentive
inch
incidence
incident incidental incidentally
incline inclined inclination
include inclusion inclusive including
income
incorporate incorporation
★
increase increasingly
incredible incredibly
incumbent
★
incur
★
indebted
★
indeed
indefinite
★
independent independence
index
indicate indication indicative indicator
indict indictment
★
indifferent indifference 词
表
７５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
indigenous
★
indignant indignation
★
indispensable
individual individualism
indoor indoors
induce inducement
indulge indulgence indulgent
★
industry industrial industrialize/Ｇise industrious
inertia
★
inevitable
infant
infect infection infectious
infer inference
inferior inferiority
infinite infinity infinitive
inflate inflation
inflict infliction
★
influence influential
influenza/flu
inform information informative informant
infrastructure
infringe infringement
★
ingenious ingenuity
★
ingredient
inhabit inhabitant
inherent
★
inherit inheritance
inhibit inhibition
★
initial initially
initiate initiation initiative
inject injection
★
injure injury injurious
ink
inland
inmate
★
inn
inner
innocent innocence
innovate innovation innovative
innumerable
★
input
inquire/enquire inquiry/enquiry inquisitive
７６insane insanity
insect
insert insertion
inside insider
insight insightful
insist insistence insistent
inspect inspection inspector
inspire inspiration inspirational
instal(l) instal(l)ation
instal(l)ment
instance
instant instantaneous
instead
instinct instinctive
institute
institution institutional
instruct instruction instructor instructive
instrument instrumental
insulate insulation insulator
★
insult
insure/ensure insurance
intact
intake
intangible
integral
★
integrate integration
integrity
intellect
★
intellectual
intelligent intelligence
intelligible
★
intend intention intent intentional
intense intensity intensify
intensive
interact interaction interactive
intercourse
★
interest interesting interested
interfere interference
interim
★
interior
intermediate intermediary
intermittent 词
★
表
７７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
internal
international
Internet/internet
interpret interpretation interpreter
interrogate interrogation
★
interrupt interruption
interval
intervene intervention
★
interview interviewer interviewee
intimate intimacy
intimidate intimidation
★
into
intricate intricacy
★
intrigue
★
intrinsic intrinsically
★
introduce introduction introductory
intrude intrusion intruder
intuition intuitive
★
invade invasion invader invasive
invalid１
★
invalid２
invaluable
invariably
invent invention inventor
inventory
★
invert inversion
★
invest investment investor
investigate investigation investigator
invisible
invite invitation inviting
involve involvement involved
inward
iron
irony ironic(al) ironically
irrational
irregular
irrespective
★
irrigate irrigation
irritate irritation irritating irritable
★
island
isle
★
isolate isolation
７８issue
it
item
its
itself
ivory
★
jack
★
jacket
jail/gaol
jam１
jam２
January
jar１
jar２
jargon
★
jaw
jazz
jealous jealousy
jeans
jeep
jelly
★
jeopardize/Ｇise jeopardy
★
jerk
★
jet
jetlag
jewel jewel(l)ery
job
jockey
★
jog
join
joint
joke
jolly
★
journal
journalism journalist
journey
joy joyous joyful
judge judg(e)ment
judicial
★
judiciary
★
juice juicy
July 词
表
７９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
jump
junction
★
June
jungle
junior
junk
jurisdiction
★
jury juror
just１
just２
justice
justify justification
juvenile
★
keen
keep
kettle
key
keyboard
kick
kid
kidnap
★
kidney
★
kill
kilogram(me)/kilo
kilometer/Ｇtre
kin
kind kindness
kindergarten
king
kingdom
kiss
kit
kitchen
kite
knee
kneel
knife
knight
★
knit
knob
★
knock
knot knotty
８０know knowledge knowledgeable
knowhow
label
labo(u)r laborious
laboratory/lab
lace
lack
lad
★
ladder
lady
lag
lake
lamb
lame
lamp
land landing
landlord/landlady
landmark
★
landscape
lane
language
lap
laptop
large largely
laser
lash
★
lass
last lastly
late later
lately
latitude
★
latter
laugh laughter
launch
laundry
lavatory
lavish
★
law lawful
lawn
lawsuit
★
lawyer
lay 词
表
８１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
layer
layman
★
layoff
layout
lazy laziness
lead１ leader leadership leading
lead２
leaf
leaflet
★
league
leak
lean
leap
learn learned learning learner
lease
least
leather
leave
lecture lecturer
left leftist
leg
legacy
★
legal legalize/Ｇise
legend legendary
legislate legislation legislative legislator
legitimate legitimacy
★
leisure leisurely
lemon lemonade
lend
lenient leniency
★
lens
lesbian
★
less
lesson
lest
let
letter
level
lever leverage
★
levy
★
liable liability
liberal
８２liberate liberation
liberty
library librarian
license/Ｇce
lick
lid
lie１ liar
lie２
lieutenant
★
life
lift
light１ lighting
light２
lightning
like１
like２ likely likelihood
likewise
lily
limb
lime
★
limelight
★
limit limitation limited
limp
★
line linear
linen
★
liner
★
linger
★
linguistic linguistics
★
link linkage
lion lioness
lip
lipstick
★
liquid
liquor
list
listen listener
liter/Ｇtre
literal literally
literary literature literate literacy
litter
little
live１ living 词
表
８３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
live２
livelihood
lively
liver
livestock
★
livingＧroom
load
loaf
loan
lobby lobbyist
local locality
locate location
lock locker
locomotive
★
lodge lodging
lofty
★
log
logic logical
logistics logistic(al)
★
logo
lonely loneliness
long１ length lengthy
long２
longevity
★
longitude longitudinal
★
look
loom
★
loop
★
loophole
loose loosen
loot
★
lord
lorry
lose loss
lot
lotion
★
lottery
★
loud loudly
lounge
★
love lovely lover
low lower
loyal loyalty
８４lubricate lubrication
★
luck lucky
lucrative
★
luggage
luminous
★
lump
lunar
lunch luncheon
lung
lure
★
luxury luxurious
lyric lyrical
★
machine machinery
mad madden
madam
magazine
magic magical
magistrate
★
magnet magnetic
magnificent magnificence
magnify
★
magnitude
★
maid
maiden
mail
main
mainland
mainstream
maintain maintenance
majesty majestic
★
major majority
make
makeup
male
malice malicious
★
malignant
★
mall
malpractice
★
mammal
man manly manhood
manage management manager managerial
mandate mandatory 词
★
表
８５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
maneuver/manoeuvre
★
manifest manifestation
★
manipulate manipulation manipulative
mankind
manner
mansion
★
manual
manufacture manufacturer
manuscript
★
many
map
mar
★
marathon
marble
★
March
march
margin marginal
marine
maritime
★
mark
market marketing
marry marriage marital
marsh
marshal
martyr martyrdom
★
marvel marvel(l)ous
Marxism Marxist
masculine masculinity
★
mask
mass massive
massacre
★
massage
master mastery
masterpiece
mat
match
mate
material materialism materialist materialize/Ｇise
maternal maternity
★
math(ematics)/maths mathematical
matter
mature maturity
８６maximum maximize/Ｇise maximal
May
may
maybe
mayor
me
meadow
★
meal
mean１ meaning meaningful
mean２
mean３
means
meantime
meanwhile
measure measurement measurable
meat meaty
mechanic mechanical mechanics mechanism
mechanize/Ｇise mechanization/Ｇsation
medal
mediate mediation mediator
★
medical
Medicare
medication
★
medicine medicinal
medieval
★
medium media
meet
meeting
melody melodious
★
melon
melt
member membership
memorandum/memo
memorial
memory memorize/Ｇise
menace
★
mend
mental mentality
mention
mentor
★
menu
merchandise 词
★
表
８７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
merchant
mercury
★
mercy merciful
mere merely
merge merger
★
merit meritorious
merry merriment
mess messy
message messenger
metabolism metabolic
★
metal metallic
metaphor metaphorical
★
meter/Ｇtre metric
method methodical methodology
meticulous
★
metro
metropolitan
★
microphone
microscope microscopic
microwave microwavable
midday
middle
middleＧclass
midnight
midst
★
midwife
★
might mighty
migrate migration migrant
mild
mile mileage
milestone
★
militant militancy
★
military
militia
★
milk milky
mill
millimeter/Ｇtre
million millionaire
mind
mindset
★
mine１
mine２ mineral mining
８８mine３
mingle
★
miniature
★
minimum minimal minimize/Ｇise
minister ministry ministerial
minor minority
mint
★
minus
minute１
minute２
miracle miraculous
mirror
miserable misery
misfortune
mislead misleading
miss１
miss２
missile
missing
mission
missionary
★
mist misty
mistake mistaken
mister
mistress
misunderstand misunderstanding
mix mixture mixer
moan
★
mobile
mobilize/Ｇise
★
mock
★
mode
model
moderate moderation moderator
modern modernize/Ｇise modernization/Ｇsation
modest modesty
modify modification modifier
moist moisture
mo(u)ld mo(u)ldy
molecule molecular
★
mom(my)
moment momentary momentarily 词
表
８９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
momentum momentous
★
monarchy monarch
★
Monday
money monetary
monitor
monkey
monopoly monopolize/Ｇise
★
monotony monotonous
★
monster monstrous
month monthly
monument monumental
mood moody
moon
mop
moral morality
morale
★
more
moreover
morning
mortal mortality
★
mortgage
mosquito
★
most mostly
motel
mother motherly
motion
motivate motivation
motive
motor
motorway
mount１ mounting
mount２
mountain mountainous
mourn mourning
★
mouse
mouth mouthful
move movement
movie
mow
★
much
mud muddy
mug
９０mule
multilateral
★
multiple multiply multiplication
multitude
★
municipal municipality
murder murderous
murmur
★
muscle muscular
museum
mushroom
music musical musician
must
mute
★
mutter
★
mutual
my
myself
mystery mysterious
myth mythical mythology
nail
naive naivety
★
naked
name
namely
nap
napkin
narrate narration narrative narrator
narrow narrowly
nasty
nation national nationality nationalist nationalism
nationwide
native
nature natural naturally
naughty
navigate navigation
★
navy naval
near nearly
nearby
neat
necessary necessarily
necessity necessitate
neck 词
表
９１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
necklace
need needy
needle
negate negation negative
neglect neglectful
negligent negligence
★
negligible
★
negotiate negotiation negotiable
neighbo(u)r neighbo(u)rhood
neither
nephew
nerve nervous
nest
net
network networking
neutral neutrality neutralize/Ｇise
never
nevertheless
new
news
newspaper
next
nice nicety
nickel
nickname
★
niece
night nightly
nightmare
nil
★
nine
nineteen
ninety
ninth
nitrogen
★
no
noble nobility
nobody
nod
noise noisy
nominal
★
nominate nomination nominee
★
none
９２nonetheless
★
nonsense
noodle
noon
nor
norm
normal normally normalize/Ｇise normalization/Ｇsation
north northern
northeast northeastern
northwest northwestern
nose nosy
not
note notation notable
notebook
noteworthy
★
nothing
notice noticeable
notify notification
notion notional
notorious notoriety
★
notwithstanding
★
noun
nourish nourishment
novel１ novelist
novel２ novelty
November
now
nowadays
nowhere
nuclear nucleus
nude nudity
nuisance
numb
★
number
numerical
★
numerous
nurse
nursery
nurture
★
nut
nutrition nutrient
oak 词
★
表
９３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
oar
★
oath
★
obese obesity
obey obedient obedience
object１
object２ objection
objective
oblige obligation obliged obligatory
obscene obscenity
★
obscure obscurity
★
observatory
★
observe observation observer observant
obsess obsession obsessive
★
obstacle
obstruct obstruction
★
obtain obtainment
obvious obviously
occasion occasional occasionally
occupation occupational
occupy occupancy occupant
occur occurrence
ocean oceanic
oclock
October
odd oddity
odds
odo(u)r odorous
of
off
offend offense/Ｇce offensive offender
offer offering
office
officer
official
offset
★
offspring
★
often/oftentimes
oil oily
okay
old
oldＧfashioned
olive
★
９４Olympic Olympics Olympiad
omit omission
on
once
one
oneself
ongoing
onion
online
only
onset
★
onto
onward
opaque
★
open opener opening openly
opera
operate operation operational operator
operative
★
opinion
opportunity
oppose opposition opponent
opposite
oppress oppression oppressive
★
opt option optional
optic optical
★
optimism optimistic optimist
optimum optimal
★
or
oral
orange
orbit orbital
orchestra
ordeal
★
order orderly
ordinary
ore
organ
organic
organism
organize/Ｇise organization/Ｇsation organizational/Ｇsational
orient１ orientation
orient２ oriental 词
表
９５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
origin original originality originate
ornament ornamental
orphan orphanage
orthodox
★
other
otherwise
oughtto
ounce
our
ours
ourselves
out
outbreak
outcome
outdated
outdoor outdoors
outer
outfit
★
outgoing
outing
outlaw
★
outlet
outline
outlook
output
outrage outrageous
★
outset
outside outsider
outskirts
outstanding
outward outwards
oval
oven
over
overall
overcoat
overcome
overdue
overflow
★
overhaul
★
overhead
overhear
９６overlap
★
overlook
overnight
override
★
overseas
oversee
oversight
overstate
★
overt
★
overtake
overthrow
overtime
overturn
★
overwhelm overwhelming overwhelmingly
owe owingto
owl
★
own owner ownership
ox
oxide
★
oxygen
ozone
pace
pack
package
packet
pact
★
pad
paddy
page
pain painful
paint painting painter
pair
palace
pale
palm
pamphlet
★
pan
panda
panel
panic
panorama panoramic
★
pant 词
★
表
９７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
pants
paper
paperback
parachute
★
parade
paradigm
★
paradise
★
paradox paradoxical
paragraph
parallel
paralyze/Ｇyse paralysis
★
parameter
★
parasite
★
parcel
pardon
parent parental parenting
parish
★
park１
park２ parking
parliament parliamentary
parole
★
parrot
★
part partial partially
participate participation participant
particle
particular particularly
partisan
★
partition
★
partly
partner partnership
party
pass
passage
passenger
passerby
★
passion passionate
passive
passport
password
past
pasta
★
paste
９８pastime
pastry
★
pasture
★
pat
patch
patent
path
pathetic
★
patient１ patience
patient２
patriot patriotic patriotism
★
patrol
★
patron patronize/Ｇise patronage
★
pattern
pause
pave pavement
paw
pay payment
payroll
pea
peace peaceful
peach
peak
peanut
pear
pearl
peasant
peck
★
peculiar peculiarity
pedal
★
peddle
★
pedestrian
peel
★
peep
★
peer
peg
★
pen
penalty penalize/Ｇise
pencil
pending
★
pendulum
★
penetrate penetration 词
表
９９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
penguin
★
peninsula
★
penny
pension pensioner
people
pepper
per
perceive perception perceptive
percent percentage
perch
★
perfect perfection
perform performance performer
perfume
★
perhaps
peril perilous
period periodic periodical
perish
★
permanent permanence
permeate permeation
★
permit permission permissible permissive
perpetual perpetuate
★
perplex perplexity
★
persecute persecution
★
persevere perseverance
persist persistent persistence
person personal personally personality
personnel
perspective
persuade persuasion persuasive
pessimism pessimistic pessimist
pest
★
pesticide
★
pet
petition petitioner
★
petrochemical
★
petrol
petroleum
petty
pharmacy pharmaceutical
★
phase
phenomenon
philosophy philosophical philosopher
１００photo(graph) photographic photographer photography
phrase phrasal
physical
physician
physics physicist
physiological
★
piano pianist
pick picky
picnic
picture picturesque
pie
piece
pierce
pig
pigeon
pile
pilgrim pilgrimage
★
pill
pillar
pillow
pilot
pin
pinch
pine
pink
pint
pioneer
pipe
pirate piracy
pistol
pit
pitch
pity
pizza
place placement
plague
plain
plaintiff
★
plan planning planner
plane
planet planetary
plant plantation 词
表
１０１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
plastic
plate
plateau
★
platform
plausible
★
play player
playground
plaza
★
plea
★
plead
★
please pleasure pleasant pleasing
pledge
plenty plentiful
plight
★
plot
plough/plow
plug
plumber
★
plumbing
★
plunge
plural
plus
pocket
podcast
poem poetry
poet poetic
point pointless
poise poised
★
poison poisonous
poke
★
pole polar
police policeman
policy
polish
polite politeness
politics political politician
poll pollster
pollute pollution pollutant
polytechnic
★
pond
ponder
★
pool
１０２poor poverty
pop
popular popularity
population populous populate
porcelain
★
porch
★
pork
porridge
★
port portable porter
portfolio
★
portion
portray portrayal portrait
★
pose posture
position
positive
possess possession possessive
possible possibility possibly
post１ postage postman
post２
postcard
poster
postpone postponement
pot
potato
potent
★
potential potentiality
pottery
★
poultry
★
pound１
pound２
pour
powder
power powerful
practise/Ｇice practicable
practical practicality
practitioner
★
praise
pray prayer１ prayer２
preach preacher
precaution precautionary
precede preceding precedent
★
precious 词
表
１０３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
precise precision precisely
predator predatory
★
predecessor
★
predict prediction predictable
predominate predominance predominant
★
preface
prefer preferable preference preferential
pregnant pregnancy
prejudice
preliminary
premature
★
premier
premise
★
premium
★
preoccupy preoccupied
★
prepare preparation preparatory
preposition
prerequisite
★
prescribe prescription
present１ presence
present２ presentation
present３ presently
preserve preservation preservative
preside
★
president presidency presidential
press１
press２ pressure pressing
prestige prestigious
★
presume presumption presumably
★
pretend pretense/Ｇce
pretext
★
pretty
prevail prevalence prevalent
prevent prevention preventive
preview
previous
prey
★
price priceless
pride proud
priest
primary primarily
prime
１０４primitive
prince/princess
principal
principle
print printer printing
prior priority
prison prisoner
private privacy privatize/Ｇise privatization/Ｇsation
privilege privileged
prize
probable probability probably
probe
★
problem problematic
procedure
proceed proceedings
process processor
procession
proclaim proclamation
produce production productive productivity
product
profession professional
professor
proficient proficiency
profile
★
profit profitable
profound
program(me)
progress progressive progression
prohibit prohibition prohibitive
project１
project２ projector projection
prolong
★
prominent prominence
promise promising
promote promotion
prompt
prone
★
pronoun
pronounce pronunciation
proof
proofread
★
prop 词
★
表
１０５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
propaganda
★
propagate propagation
★
propel propeller
★
proper
property
proportion proportional
propose proposal proposition
prose
prosecute prosecution
★
prospect prospective
prosper prosperity prosperous
★
protect protection protective
protein
protest
protocol
★
prototype
★
prove
proverb proverbial
provide provision
provided
province provincial
provoke provocation provocative
proximate proximity
★
psychiatry psychiatric psychiatrist
★
psychology psychological psychologist
pub
public publicize/Ｇise publicity publicly
publish publication
pudding
★
pull
pulse
pump
pumpkin
★
punch
punctual punctuality
punish punishment
pupil
purchase
pure purity purify
purple
purpose purposeful
purse
１０６pursue pursuit
push pushy
put
puzzle puzzlement
pyramid
★
quake
qualify qualification
quality qualitative
quantify quantification
quantity quantitative
quarrel quarrelsome
quart
★
quarter quarterly
queen
query
★
quest
★
question questionnaire
queue
quick
quiet
quit
quite
quiver
★
quiz
quota
quote quotation
rabbit
race１ racial racism racist
race２
rack
radar
radiate radiation radiator radiant
★
radical
radio
radioactive radioactivity
★
rag ragged raggedly
rage raging
raid
rail
railway/railroad
rain rainy
rainbow 词
表
１０７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
raincoat
raise
rally
ranch
★
random
★
range
rank
rap
★
rape
★
rapid rapidity
rare rarely rarity
rash
★
rat
rate rating
rather
ratify ratification
★
ratio
ration
★
rational
rattle
★
raw
ray
reach
react reaction reactionary
read reading reader
ready readily
real really reality
realistic realism
realize/Ｇise realization/Ｇsation
realm
reap
rear
reason reasonable
reassure reassurance
★
rebel rebellion rebellious
recall
recede
★
receive receipt recipient receptive receiver
recent recently
reception receptionist
recession
recipe
★
１０８reciprocal
★
recite recitation
reckless
★
reckon
recognize/Ｇise recognition
recommend recommendation
reconcile reconciliation reconciliatory
★
record recorder recording
recover recovery
recreation recreational
recruit recruitment
rectify rectification
★
recur recurrence
★
recycle recyclable
red
reduce reduction
redundant redundancy
★
reel
★
refer reference
referee
★
referendum
★
refine refinery refinement
reflect reflection reflective
reform reformation reformist
refrain
refresh
refreshment
refrigerator/fridge refrigeration
refuge refugee
★
refund
★
refuse refusal
refute refutation
★
regard
regarding
regardless
regime
★
regiment regimental
★
region regional
register registration registrar
regret regrettable regretful
regular regularity
regulate regulation regulatory regulator 词
表
１０９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
rehabilitate rehabilitation
★
rehearse rehearsal
★
reign
★
rein
★
reinforce reinforcement
reject rejection
rejoice rejoicing
★
relate relation relationship
relative relativity
relax relaxation
relay
release
relentless
★
relevant relevance
relic
★
relieve relief
religion religious
relish
★
reluctant reluctance
rely reliance reliable
remain remainder
remark remarkable
remedy remedial
remember remembrance
remind reminder
reminiscent reminiscence
★
remnant
★
remote
remove removal
renaissance
★
render rendering
renew renewal renewable
renovate renovation
renown renowned
★
rent rental
repair reparable
repay repayment
repeat repetition repetitive repeatedly
repel
★
repertoire
★
replace replacement
reply
１１０report reporter
represent representation representative
repress repression repressive
★
reproach
★
reproduce reproduction reproductive
republic republican
reputation
repute reputable
★
request
require requirement
rescue
research researcher
resemble resemblance
resent resentment
reserve reservation reserved
reservoir
★
reshuffle
★
reside residence resident residential
resign resignation
resist resistance resistant
resolve resolution resolute
resort１
resort２
resource resourceful
respect respectable respectful
respective respectively
respond response responsive respondent
responsible responsibility
rest１
rest２
restaurant
restless
★
restore restoration
restrain restraint
restrict restriction restrictive
result resultant
resume resumption
résumé
retail retailer
retain retention
retaliate retaliation
★
retarded 词
★
表
１１１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
retell retelling
retire retirement retired
retort
★
retreat
retrieve retrieval
★
retrospect retrospective
★
return
reunite reunification reunion
reveal revelation
revenge revengeful
★
revenue
reverse reversal reversible
review reviewer
revise revision
revive revival
★
revolt
★
revolution revolutionary
revolve
reward rewarding
rhetoric rhetorical
★
rhythm rhythmic
rib
ribbon
rice
rich
rid
riddle
ride rider
ridge
★
ridicule ridiculous
rifle
rig
★
right
rigid rigidity
★
rigo(u)r rigorous
★
rim
★
ring
riot riotous
rip
ripe ripen
rise
risk risky
１１２ritual
★
rival rivalry
river
road
roar
roast
rob robbery
robot robotic
robust
★
rock rocky
rocket
rod
role
roll roller
romance romantic
roof
room
root
rope
rose rosy
rot rotten
★
rotate rotation
★
rough roughly
round
rouse
route
routine
row１
row２
royal royalty
rub
rubber
rubbish
rude
rug
ruin ruinous
rule ruler ruling
rumo(u)r
run runner running
runway
rural
rush 词
表
１１３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
rust rusty
★
ruthless
★
sack
sacred
★
sacrifice sacrificial
sad sadness sadden
saddle
★
safe safety
safeguard
★
sail sailing sailor
saint
sake
salad
salary
sale
salesman
salmon
★
salon
★
salt salty
salute salutation
★
salvage
★
salvation
★
same
sample
sanction
★
sanctuary
★
sand
sandwich
sanitation sanitary
★
sarcasm sarcastic
★
satellite
satire satirical satirist
★
satisfy satisfaction satisfactory
saturate saturation
★
Saturday
sauce
sausage
savage
★
save saving
say saying
scale
scan scanner
１１４scandal scandalous
scar
scarce scarcity scarcely
scare scary
scatter
scenario
★
scene scenery scenic
scent
schedule
scheme
scholar scholarly scholarship scholastic
school schooling
science scientific scientist
scissors
scold
scope
score
scorn scornful
★
scout
scramble
★
scrap
★
scrape
★
scratch
scream
screen
screw
script scripture
scrub
★
scrutiny scrutinize/Ｇise
★
sculpture
★
sea
seal
search
season seasonal
seat
second１
second２
secondary
secondＧhand
secret secrecy secretive
secretary secretarial
section 词
表
１１５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
sector
secular
★
secure security
seduce seduction seductive
★
see
seed seedling
seek
seem seeming seemingly
segment segmental
segregate segregation
★
seize seizure
seldom
select selection selective
self selfish selfless
sell
semester
seminar
senate senator
send
senior seniority
sensation sensational
★
sense sensible sensor
sensitive sensitivity
sentence
sentiment sentimental
★
separate separation separatist
September
sequence sequential
sergeant
★
serial
★
series
serious
servant
serve service serving
session
set
setback
setting
settle settlement
seven
seventeen
seventy
１１６several
severe severity
sew
sex sexy sexual
shabby
★
shade shady
shadow
shaft
★
shake shaky
shall
shallow
shame shameful shameless
shape
share
shark
★
sharp sharpen
shatter
★
shave shaver
she
shed
sheep
sheer
sheet
shelf
shell
shelter
shepherd
★
shield
★
shift
shine shiny
ship shipping shipment
shipyard
★
shirt
shit
shiver
shock
shoe
shoot
shop shopping
shore
short shortage shorts
shortcoming 词
表
１１７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
shorthand
★
shortly
shot
should
shoulder
shout
shove
★
show showy
showcase
★
shower
shred
★
shrewd
★
shrimp
shrink
shrub shrubbery
★
shrug
shut
shuttle
shy shyness shyly
sick sicken
side
sideways
siege
sigh
sight
sightseeing
sign signature
signal
significant significance
signify
★
silent silence
silicon
silk silky
silver silvery
similar similarity
simple simplicity simplify simply
simulate simulation
★
simultaneous
★
sin
since
sincere sincerity
sing singer
１１８single
singular singularity
sinister
★
sink
sip
sir
sister
sit sitting
site
situation
situate
six
sixteen
sixty
size sizable
skate skating
skeleton
skeptical/sceptical skeptic/sceptic skepticism/scepticism
★
sketch sketchy
ski skiing
skill skil(l)ful skilled
skim
★
skin skinny
skip
skirt
skull
★
sky
skyline
skyscraper
slack
★
slam
★
slap
slash
★
slaughter
★
slave slavery
sleep sleepy sleepiness
sleeve
slender
slice
slide
slight slightly
slim 词
表
１１９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
slip slippery slipper
slogan
slope
slot
★
slow
slum
★
slump
★
small
smart
smartphone
smash
smell smelly
smile
smog smoggy
smoke smoky
smooth
smuggle smuggling smuggler
★
snack
snail
★
snake
snap
★
snatch
★
sneak
★
sniff
★
snob snobbish
★
snow snowy
so
soak
soap
soar
sob
★
sober/Ｇre
★
soＧcalled
soccer
society social socialize/Ｇise sociable
socialism socialist
sociology sociologist
sock
socket
★
soda
sodium
★
sofa
１２０soft soften
software
soil
solar
soldier
sole solely
solemn solemnity
solicit solicitor
★
solid solidity solidify
solidarity
★
solitary solitude
★
solo
★
solve solution solvent soluble
some
somebody
somehow
someone
something
sometime
sometimes
somewhat
somewhere
son
song
soon
soothe
★
sophisticated sophistication
sore
sorrow sorrowful
sorry
sort
soul
sound１
sound２
soup
sour
source
south southern
southeast southeastern
southwest southwestern
souvenir
sovereign sovereignty 词
★
表
１２１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
sow
space spacious spatial
spaceship/spacecraft
spade
spaghetti
★
span
spare sparingly
spark
sparkle
speak speaker
spear
★
special specialize/Ｇise specialization/Ｇsation specialist
specialty/speciality
★
species
specific specifically
specify specification
specimen
spectacle spectacular
★
spectator
★
spectrum
★
speculate speculation speculative
speech speechless
speed speedy speeding
spell spelling
spend spending
sphere spherical
spice spicy
★
spider
★
spill
spin
spine spinal
★
spiral
★
spirit spiritual
spit
spite
splash
splendid splendo(u)r
split
spoil
spokesman/spokeswoman spokesperson
sponge spongy
★
sponsor sponsorship
１２２spontaneous spontaneity
spoon spoonful
sport
sportsman/sportswoman
spot
spotlight
★
spouse
sprawl
★
spray
spread
spring
sprinkle
★
spur
spy
squad
★
square
squeeze
stab
★
stable stability stabilize/Ｇise
stack
stadium
staff
stage
stagger
★
stagnate stagnation stagnant
★
stain stainless
stair
staircase
stake
stale
stalk
★
stall
★
stammer
★
stamp１
stamp２
stance
★
stand
standard standardize/Ｇise standardization/Ｇsation
standby
★
standpoint
staple１
staple２ stapler 词
★
表
１２３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
star starry
stare
stark
★
start starter
startle
starve starvation
state statement
statesman
static
★
station stationary
stationery
★
statistic statistical
statue
status
statute statutory
★
stay
steady steadily
steak
steal
steam steamy steamer
steel
steep
steer
stem１
stem２
step
stereotype
★
stern
★
steward(ess)
★
stick１
stick２ sticky
stiff stiffen
stifle
★
stigma
★
still１
still２
stimulate stimulation stimulus stimulant
sting
stipulate stipulation
★
stir
stitch
★
stock
１２４stocking
stomach
stone stony
stool
stoop
★
stop stoppage
store１
store２ storage
storm stormy
story１
stor(e)y２
stout
★
stove
straight straighten
straightforward
strain１
strain２
strait
★
strand
★
strange stranger
strangle
★
strap
strategy strategic
straw
stray
★
streak
★
stream
streamline
★
street
stress stressful
stretch
strict
stride
strike striking
string
strip
stripe
strive
stroke１
stroke２
stroll
★
strong strength strengthen 词
表
１２５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
structure structural
struggle
stubborn
★
student
studio
study
stuff stuffy stuffing
stumble
★
stump
★
stun stunning
★
stupid stupidity
sturdy
★
style stylish
subject１
subject２
subjective
submarine
★
submerge
★
submit submission submissive
subordinate subordination
★
subscribe subscription subscriber
★
subsequent
subsidy subsidize/Ｇise
★
subsistence
★
substance substantial
substitute substitution
subtle subtlety
★
subtract subtraction
suburb suburban
subway
succeed successor succession successive
success successful
such
suck
sudden suddenly
sue
★
suffer suffering
suffice
★
sufficient
sugar
suggest suggestion suggestive
suicide suicidal
★
１２６suit１ suitable
suit２
suitcase
suite
★
sulfur/sulphur
★
sum
summary summarize/Ｇise
summer
summit
summon
★
sun sunny
Sunday
sunlight
sunrise
sunset
sunshine
super
superb
superficial
superintendent
★
superior superiority
supermarket
superstition superstitious
★
supervise supervision supervisor
supper
supplement supplementary
supply supplier
support supportive supporter
suppose supposition supposedly
suppress suppression suppressive
★
supreme supremacy
sure
surf surfing
surface
surge
surgery surgical surgeon
surname
surpass
★
surplus
surprise
surrender
surround surroundings 词
表
１２７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
surveillance
★
survey
survive survival survivor
susceptible
★
suspect
suspend suspension suspense
suspicion suspicious
sustain sustainable sustainability
swallow１
swallow２
swamp
★
swap
★
sway
swear
sweat sweater
sweep
sweet
swell
swift
swim swimming swimmer
swing
swipe
switch
sword
symbol symbolic(al)
symmetry symmetric(al)
★
sympathy sympathetic sympathize/Ｇise
symphony
★
symposium
★
symptom
syndicate
★
syndrome
★
synonym
★
synthesis synthetic synthesize/Ｇise
★
system systematic systematically
table
tablet
taboo
★
tack
★
tackle
tact tactful
★
tactic
★
１２８tag
tail
tailor
take
takeoff
tale
talent talented
talk talkative
tall
tame
tan
★
tangible
tangle
★
tank
tanker
★
tap
tape
target
tariff
★
task
taste tasty
tax taxation
taxi
tea
teach teacher teaching
team
tear１
tear２
tease
★
technical technician
technique
technology/tech technological
tedious
teen
teenager
telecommunications
telephone/phone
telescope telescopic
television/TV
tell telling
teller
temper 词
表
１２９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
temperament
★
temperature
temple
tempo
★
temporal
★
temporary temporarily
tempt temptation
★
ten
tenant
★
tend tendency
tender
tennis
tense１ tension
tense２
tent
tentative
★
tenure
★
term
terminal
terminate termination
★
terrace
★
terrain
★
terrible terribly
terrific
territory territorial
terror terrify terrorism terrorist
tertiary
★
test
testify
★
testimony
★
text
textbook
textile
texture
★
than
thank thankful
Thanksgiving
that
the
theater/Ｇtre theatrical
theft
their
１３０theirs
them
theme
themselves
then
theory theoretical
therapy therapist therapeutic(al)
there
thereby
therefore
thermal
★
thermometer
these
thesis
they
thick
thief
thigh
★
thin
thing
think thinking
third
thirst thirsty
thirteen
thirty
this
thorn thorny
★
thorough
those
though
thought thoughtful
thousand
thread
threat threaten
three
threshold
★
thrift thrifty
★
thrill thriller
★
thrive
throat
throne
★
through 词
表
１３１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
throughout
throw
thrust
thumb
thunder thunderous
Thursday
thus
tick
ticket
tickle
★
tide tidal
tidy
tie
tiger tigress
tight tighten
tile
★
till
tilt
★
timber
time timely timing
timid
★
tin
tiny
tip
tire tired tiring tireless tiresome
tissue
title
to
toast
tobacco
today
toe
together
toil
★
toilet
token
tolerate tolerance tolerant tolerable
toll
tomato
tomorrow
ton tonnage
tone
１３２tongue
tonight
too
tool
tooth
top
topic topical
topple
★
torch
tornado
★
torture
toss
total
touch
tough
tour tourism tourist
tournament
★
tow
★
toward(s)
towel
tower
town township
toxic
★
toy
trace
track
tract
★
tractor
trade
trademark
tradition traditional
traffic trafficking
tragedy tragic tragically
trail trailer
train trainer trainee training
trait
★
tram
tranquil tranquility
★
transaction
transcend
★
transcript
transfer transference 词
表
１３３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
transform transformation
transient
★
transistor
★
transit
transition transitional
★
translate translation translator
transmit transmission transmitter
transparent transparency
transplant transplantation
transport transportation
trap
trash
trauma traumatic
★
travel
tray
tread
★
treasure
treasury treasurer
★
treat treatment
treaty
tree
trek
★
tremble
tremendous
trench
★
trend
trial
triangle triangular
tribe tribal
★
tribune
★
tribute
★
trick tricky
trickle
★
trifle
trigger
trillion
★
trim
★
trip
triple
triumph triumphant
trivial
★
trolley
１３４troop
trophy
★
tropic tropical
★
trouble troublesome
trousers
truck
true truly
trumpet
★
trunk
trust trustee
truth truthful
try trial trying
tub
★
tube
tuck
★
Tuesday
tug
★
tuition
tumble
★
tumo(u)r
tune
tunnel
turbulent turbulence
★
turkey
turmoil
★
turn
turnout
★
turnover
★
turtle
★
tutor tutorial
twelve twelfth
twenty twentieth
twice
twin
twist
two
type typist
typewriter
typical
tyre/tire
ugly ugliness
ultimate ultimately 词
表
１３５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
ultra
★
umbrella
unanimous
★
uncertain uncertainty
uncle
uncover
under
underdeveloped
underestimate
undergo
undergraduate
underground
underlie underlying
★
underline
undermine
underneath
understand understanding
undertake undertaking
underwear
undo
undoubtedly
uneasy
unemployed unemployment
unfold
★
uniform uniformity
unify unification
★
unilateral
★
union
unique
unit
unite unity
universe universal
university
unleash
★
unless
unprecedented
★
until
unveil
★
up
update
upgrade
uphold
★
１３６upload
upon
upper
upright
uprising
★
upset
upstairs
upＧtoＧdate
upward upwards
uranium
★
urban urbanize/Ｇise urbanization/Ｇsation
urge
urgent urgency
urine urinate
★
us
usage
use user useful useless
used
usual usually
utility
utilize/Ｇise utilization/Ｇsation
utmost
utter１
utter２ utterly
vacant vacancy
vacation
vaccine vaccinate vaccination
★
vacuum
vague
vain vanity
valid validate validity
valley
value valuable
valve
★
van
vanish
vapo(u)r
various variety
vary variation variable variant
vast
vegetable vegetarian
vegetation 词
★
表
１３７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
vehicle
veil
vein
★
velocity
★
velvet
★
vendor
vent
★
ventilate ventilation
★
venture
venue
★
verb verbal
verdict
★
verge
★
verify verification
versatile
★
verse
★
version
versus
vertical
very
vessel
vest
★
veteran
veto
via
viable
★
vibrate vibration
★
vice
★
vicinity
★
vicious
★
victim victimize
victory victorious
video
view
viewpoint
vigor vigorous
village villager
vinegar
violate violation
violent violence
violin violinist
virgin virginity
★
１３８virtual virtually
virtue virtuous
virus
visa
visible visibility
vision visionary
visit visitor
visual visualize/Ｇise
vital vitality
vitamin
vivid
vocabulary
vocal
★
vocation vocational
vogue
★
voice
void
★
volatile volatility
★
volcano volcanic
volleyball
volt voltage
volume voluminous
volunteer voluntary
vote voter
voucher
★
vow
★
voyage
vulgar
★
vulnerable vulnerability
wage
wag(g)on
waist
wait waiter/waitress
waive waiver
★
wake waken
walk
wall
wallet
wander
want
war
ward 词
表
１３９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
wardrobe
★
ware
warehouse
warfare
warm warmth
warn warning
warrant
★
warranty
★
warrior
wary
wash washing
waste wasteful
watch watchful
water
waterproof
watertight
watt
★
wave wavy
wax
way
we
weak weaken weakness
wealth wealthy
weapon
wear
weary weariness
★
weather
weave
web
webcast
website
wed wedding
wedge
★
Wednesday
weed
week weekly
weekday
weekend
weep
weigh weight
weird
welcome
１４０welfare
well１
well２
wellＧbeing
wellＧknown
wellＧoff
west western westerner
wet
whale
wharf
★
what whatever whatsoever
wheat
wheel
when whenever
where wherever
whereabouts
★
whereas
whereby
★
whether
which whichever
while/whilst
whip
whirl
★
whisky
whisper
whistle
white
who whoever
whole wholly
wholesale
★
wholesome
★
whom
whose
why
wicked
★
wide width widen
widespread
widow widower
wield
★
wife
wild
wilderness 词
表
１４１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
wildlife
will willing willingness
willpower
win winner
wind１ windy
wind２
window
wine winery
wing
wink
★
winter
wipe
wire wireless
wise wisdom
wish
wit witty
witch
★
with
withdraw withdrawal
wither
★
withhold
★
within
without
withstand
witness
wolf
woman
wonder wonderful
wood wooden
wool wool(l)en
word wording
work worker
workforce
workout
workshop
world
worldwide
worm
worry worried
worse
worship
worst
１４２worth worthless
worthwhile
worthy worthiness
would
wound
wrap wrapping
wreck wreckage
wrench
★
wrestle wrestling
★
wretched
★
wrinkle
wrist
write writer writing
wrong
xＧray
yacht
★
yard
yawn
★
year yearly
yearn yearning
★
yell
yellow
yes yeah
yesterday
yet
yield
yoga
yoghurt
you
young
youngster
your
yours
yourself yourselves
youth youthful
zeal zealous
★
zero
zigzag
★
zip zipper
★
zone
zoo
zoology zoological 词
表
１４３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
zoom
★
５４１８ ２５５１
１４４样 卷
１．全国大学英语四级考试(笔试)样卷
PartI Writing (３０minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed３０minutestowriteanessaybasedonthe
picturebelow．Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureand
commentonthekidsunderstandingofgoingtoschool．Youshouldwriteatleast１２０
wordsbutnomorethan１８０words．WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet１．
PartII ListeningComprehension (２５minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports．Attheendofeachnews
样
report,youwillheartwoorthreequestions．Boththenewsreportandthequestions 卷
１４５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
willbespokenonlyonce．Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer
fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)．Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet１withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
Questions１and２arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard．
１．A)ChristmasＧtimeattacksmadebySomalirebels．
B)AnexplosionatabusstationincentralNairobi．
C)Thekillingofmorethan７０UgandansinKampala．
D)BlastssetoffbyaSomaligroupinUgandascapital．
２．A)OnChristmasEve． C)Duringasecuritycheck．
B)Justbeforemidnight． D)Inthesmallhoursofthemorning．
Questions３and４arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard．
３．A)Itislikelytoclosemanyofitsstores．
B)Itisknownforthequalityofitsgoods．
C)Itremainscompetitiveintherecession．
D)Itwillexpanditsonlineretailbusiness．
４．A)Expanditsbusinessbeyondgroceries．
B)Fire２５,０００ofitscurrentemployees．
C)CutitsDVDpublishingbusiness．
D)Sellthebusinessforonepound．
Questions５to７arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard．
５．A)Alltaxisbegantousemeters．
B)Alltaxisgotairconditioning．
C)Advertisementswereallowedontaxis．
D)Oldtaxiswerereplacedwithnewcabs．
６．A)Alowinterestloanscheme． C)Taxipassengerscomplaints．
B)Environmentalistsprotests． D)Permissionforcaradvertising．
７．A)Therearenomoreirregularpractices．
B)AllnewcabsprovideairＧconditioning．
C)Newcabsareallequippedwithmeters．
D)Newlegislationprotectsconsumerrights．
１４６SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations．Attheendofeach
conversation,youwillhearfourquestions．Boththeconversationandthequestions
willbespokenonlyonce．Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer
fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)．Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet１withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
Questions８to１１arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．
８．A)IthasapartnershipwithLCP． C)Itspecializesinsafetyfromleaks．
B)ItisheadquarteredinLondon． D)Ithasachemicalprocessingplant．
９．A)Heisachemist． C)Heisasafetyinspector．
B)Heisasalesman． D)HeisMr．Grandsfriend．
１０．A)Thepublicrelationsofficer． C)Directorofthesafetydepartment．
B)Mr．Grandspersonalassistant． D)Headofthepersonneldepartment．
１１．A)WaitforMr．Grandtocallback．
B)LeaveamessageforMr．Grand．
C)Providedetailsoftheirproductsandservices．
D)Sendacomprehensivedescriptionoftheirwork．
Questions１２to１５arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．
１２．A)Teacher． B)Journalist． C)Editor． D)Typist．
１３．A)Somenewlydiscoveredscenicspot．
B)BigchangesintheAmazonvalley．
C)Anewrailwayunderconstruction．
D)ThebeautifulAmazonrainforests．
１４．A)Innewsweeklies． C)InnewspapersSundayeditions．
B)Inalocaleveningpaper． D)InoverseaseditionsofU．S．magazines．
１５．A)Tobecomeaprofessionalwriter．C)Togetherlifestorypublishedsoon．
B)Tobeemployedbyanewspaper．D)Tosellherarticlestoanewsservice．
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages．Attheendofeachpassage,
样
youwillhearthreeorfourquestions．Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespoken 卷
１４７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
onlyonce．Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour
choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer
Sheet１withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
Questions１６to１８arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．
１６．A)Sheisbothapopularandahighlyrespectedauthor．
B)Sheisthefirstwritertofocusonthefateofslaves．
C)SheisthemostlovedAfricannovelistofalltimes．
D)Sheisthemostinfluentialauthorsincethe１９３０s．
１７．A)TheBookCriticsCircleAward． C)ThePulitzerPrizeforfiction．
B)TheNobelPrizeforliterature． D)TheNationalBookAward．
１８．A)SheisarelativeofMorrisons． C)Sheisaskilledstoryteller．
B)SheisaslavefromAfrica． D)Sheisablackwoman．
Questions１９to２１arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．
１９．A)Theyareverygenerousingivinggifts．
B)Theyrefusegiftswhendoingbusiness．
C)Theyregardgiftsasatokenoffriendship．
D)Theygivegiftsonlyonspecialoccasions．
２０．A)Theyenjoygivinggiftstootherpeople．
B)Theyspendalotoftimechoosinggifts．
C)Theyhavetofollowmanyspecificrules．
D)Theypayattentiontothequalityofgifts．
２１．A)GiftＧgivingplaysanimportantroleinhumanrelationships．
B)Wemustbeawareofculturaldifferencesingivinggifts．
C)Wemustlearnhowtogivegiftsbeforegoingabroad．
D)ReadingextensivelycanmakeoneabettergiftＧgiver．
Questions２２to２５arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．
２２．A)Shetenderlylookedafterhersickmother．
B)Shedevelopedastronginterestinfinance．
C)Shelearnedtowriteforfinancialnewspapers．
D)SheinvestedinstocksandsharesonWallStreet．
２３．A)Sheinheritedabigfortunefromherfather．
１４８B)Shesoldherrestaurantwithasubstantialprofit．
C)Shegot７．５milliondollarsfromherexＧhusband．
D)Shemadeawiseinvestmentinrealestate．
２４．A)Shewasdishonestinbusinessdealings．
B)ShefrequentlyillＧtreatedheremployees．
C)Sheabusedanimalsincludingherpetdog．
D)Shewasextremelymeanwithhermoney．
２５．A)Shecarriedonherfamilystradition．
B)Shemadehugedonationstocharities．
C)Shebuiltahospitalwithhermothersmoney．
D)Shemadeabigfortunefromwiseinvestments．
PartIII ReadingComprehension (４０minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks．Youarerequiredtoselect
onewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe
passage．Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices．Eachchoicein
thebankisidentifiedbyaletter．Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon
AnswerSheet２withasinglelinethroughthecentre．Youmaynotuseanyofthewords
inthebankmorethanonce．
TheU．S．DepartmentofEducationismakingeffortstoensurethatallstudentshave
equalaccesstoaqualityeducation．Todayitis ２６ thelaunchoftheExcellentEducators
forAllInitiative．Theinitiativewillhelpstatesandschooldistrictssupportgreateducators
forthestudentswhoneedthemmost．
“Allchildrenare ２７ toahighＧqualityeducationregardlessoftheirrace,zipcodeor
familyincome．Itis ２８ importantthatweprovideteachersandprincipalsthesupport
theyneedtohelpstudentsreachtheirfull ２９ ,”U．S．SecretaryofEducationArne
Duncansaid．“Despitetheexcellentworkanddeep ３０ ofournationsteachersand
principals,studentsinhighＧpoverty,highＧminorityschoolsareunfairlytreatedacrossour
country．Wehavetodobetter．Localleadersandeducatorswill ３１ theirowncreative
solutions,butwemustworktogetherto ３２ ourfocusonhowtobetterrecruit,support
and ３３ effectiveteachersandprincipalsforallstudents,especiallythekidswhoneed
themmost．”
样
Todaysannouncementisanotherimportantstepforwardinimprovingaccesstoa 卷
１４９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
qualityeducation,a ３４ ofPresidentObamasyearofaction．Latertoday,Secretary
Duncanwillleadaroundtablediscussionwithprincipalsandschoolteachersfromacrossthe
countryaboutthe ３５ ofworkinginhighＧneedschoolsandhowtoadoptpromising
practicesforsupportinggreateducatorsintheseschools．
A)announcing I)distributing
B)beneficial J)enhance
C)challenges K)entitled
D)commitment L)potential
E)component M)properly
F)contests N)qualified
G)critically O)retain
H)develop
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattached
toit．Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs．Identifythe
paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived．Youmaychooseaparagraphmore
thanonce．Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter．Answerthequestionsbymarking
thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet２．
TheChangesFacingFastFood
A) FastＧfoodfirmshavetobeathickＧskinnedbunch．Healthexpertsregularlycriticise
themseverelyforsellingfoodthat makespeoplefat．Criticsevencomplainthat
McDonalds,whoselogosymbolisescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedto
sponsortheWorldCup．ThesearethingsfastＧfoodfirmshavelearnttocopewith．Butnot
perhapsformuchlonger．Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsata
timewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy．
B) FastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecessionＧproof．Whenconsumersneedtocut
spending,thelogicgoes,cheapmealslikeBigMacsandWhoppersbecomeevenmore
attractive．Such“tradingdown”provedtrueformuchofthelatestrecession,whenfastＧ
foodcompaniespickedupcustomers whocouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasual
restaurants．TrafficwasboostedinAmerica,thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsand
promotions,suchas＄１menusandcheapcombinationmeals．
C) Asaresult,fastＧfoodchainshaveweatheredtherecessionbetterthantheirmore
expensivecompetitors．In２００９salesatfullＧservicerestaurantsinAmericafellbymore
１５０than６％,buttotalsalesremainedaboutthesameatfastＧfoodchains．Insomemarkets,
suchasJapan,FranceandBritain,totalspendingonfastfoodincreased．SameＧstoresales
in Americaat McDonalds,the worldslargestfastＧfoodcompany,didnotdecline
throughoutthedownturn．PaneraBread,anAmericanfastＧfoodchainknownforitsfresh
ingredients,performedwell,too,becauseitoffershigherＧqualityfoodatlowerprices
thanrestaurants．
D) ButnotallfastＧfoodcompanieshavebeenasfortunate．Many,suchasBurgerKing,
haveseensalesfall．Inasevererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,
manyotherseatathomemorefrequentlytosavemoney．DavidPalmer,ananalystat
UBS,abank,sayssmallerfastＧfoodchainsinAmerica,suchasJackintheBoxandCarls
Jr．,havebeenhitparticularlyhardinthisdownturnbecausetheyarecompetingwiththe
globalgiantMcDonalds,whichincreasedspendingonadvertisingbymorethan７％last
yearasotherscutback．
E) SomefastＧfoodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomers
bettervalue．Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhad
temptedcustomersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensive
items．Butinmanycasesthatstrategydidnotwork．LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees
(特许经营人)sued (起诉)thecompanyoveritsdoubleＧcheeseburgerpromotion,
claimingitwasunfairforthemtoberequiredtosellthesefor＄１whentheycost＄１．１０
tomake．InMayajudgeruledinfavourofBurgerKing．Nevertheless,thecompanymay
stillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermoreexpensiveonesbecause
itemsonits“valuemenu”nowaccountforaround２０％ofallsales,upfrom１２％last
October．
F) AnalystsexpectthefastＧfoodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear．Butthedownturnis
makingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies．ManyarenowintroducinghigherＧpriceditems
toentice(引诱)consumersawayfrom ＄１specials．KFC,adivisionofYum!Brands,
whichalsoownsTacoBellandPizzaHut,haslaunchedachickensandwichthatcosts
around＄５．AndinMayBurgerKingintroducedbarbecueporkribsat＄７foreight．
G) Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,including
drinks．McDonaldsstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks．Its“McCafé”
linenowaccountsforanestimated６％ofsalesinAmerica．Starbuckshassoldrightstoits
SeattlesBestcoffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear．
H) AsfastＧfoodcompaniesshiftfrom “supersize”to“morebuys”,theyneedtokeep
customertraffichighthroughouttheday．Manyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,and
notjustforfattyfood．McDonaldswillstartsellingporridge(粥)inAmericanextyear．
Breakfasthasthepotentialtobeveryprofitable,saysSaraSenatoreofBernstein,a
researchfirm,becausethemarginscanbehigh．FastＧfoodcompaniesarealsoadding
middayandlateＧnightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksandwraps．Theideaisthatby
样
havingagreaterrangeofthingsonthemenu,“wecanselltoconsumersproductsthey 卷
１５１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
wantallday,”saysRickCarucci,thechieffinancialofficerofYum!Brands．
I) Butwhataboutthosegrowingwaistlines?Sofar,fastＧfoodfirmshavecleverlyavoided
governmentregulation．By providing healthy options,likesaladsandlowＧcalorie
sandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheimpressionofdoingsomethingabouthelpingto
fightobesity．Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilylossleaders,astheybroadentheappeal
ofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodontwanttoeataburger．But
customerscannotbeforcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries．
J) Inthefuture,simplyofferingahealthyoptionmaynotbegoodenough．“Every
packagedＧfoodandrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,”
saysMr．PalmerofUBS．Americashealthreformbill,whichCongresspassedthisyear,
requiresrestaurantchainswith２０ormoreoutletstoputthecaloriecontentofitemsthey
serveonthemenu．AstudybytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch,whichtracked
theeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorieＧpostinglawinNewYorkCityin２００７,found
thattheaveragecaloriecountpertransactionfell６％ andrevenueincreased３％ at
StarbucksstoreswhereaDunkinDonutsoutletwasnearby—asign,itissaid,thatmenu
labellingcouldfavourchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings．
K) InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fastＧfoodcompanieswill
havetocontinueinnovating．WaltRikerofMcDonaldsclaimsthechangeithasmadeinits
menumeansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago．“Weprobablysell
morevegetables,moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessin
theworld,”hesays．ButtherecentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonalds
fromincludingtoysinitshighＧcalorie “Happy Meals”,becauselegislatorsbelieveit
attractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo．
３６．SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonaldsfromattachingtoystoitsfood
specialsforchildren．
３７．FastＧfoodfirmsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenear
future．
３８．BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattlesBestcoffeetoincreasesales．
３９．SomefastＧfoodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingto
tackletheobesityproblem．
４０．Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney．
４１．Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession．
１５２４２．Duringtherecession,BurgerKingspromotionalstrategyofofferinglowＧpriceditems
oftenprovedineffective．
４３．FastＧfoodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoneybysellingbreakfast．
４４．ManyfastＧfoodcompaniesnowexpecttoincreasetheirrevenuebyintroducinghigherＧ
priceditems．
４５．AnewlyＧpassedlawrequiresbigfastＧfoodchainsspecifythecaloriecountofwhatthey
serveonthemenu．
SectionC
Directions:Thereare２passagesinthissection．Eachpassageisfollowedbysome
questionsorunfinishedstatements．ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),
B),C)andD)．Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet２withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
PassageOne
Questions４６to５０arebasedonthefollowingpassage．
IfyouthinkahighＧfactorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,you
maybewrong．ResearchinthisweeksNatureshowsthatwhilefactor５０reducesthe
numberof melanomas (黑 瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcantpreventthem．
Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers．Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredor
blondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashad
one．Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun．Other
skincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlongＧtermexposure．
Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—
theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer．A２０１１Australian
studyof１,６２１peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalf
therateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded．Asecondstudy,comparing１,
１６７peoplewithmelanomasto１,１０１whodidnthavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreen
routinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,did
givesomeprotection．Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection— notsunscreen—
seemedmostbeneficial．Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneover
eachdecadeoftheirlives,soitsnotentirelyreliable．Butitseemsreasonabletothink
sunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun．
Manypeoplealsodontusesunscreenproperly—applyinginsufficientamounts,failing
toreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong．Itissunburnthatismost
样
worrying—recentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreases 卷
１５３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
theriskofallskincancers．
Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanoma
rates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslipＧslopＧslapcampaign．Soifthereisaheat
wavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreen
andslaponahat．
４６．WhatispeoplescommonexpectationofahighＧfactorsunscreen?
A)Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer．
B)Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn．
C)Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair．
D)Itwillprotectpeopleofanyskincolor．
４７．WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahighＧfactorsunscreen?
A)Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas．
B)Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight．
C)ItisineffectivewithlongＧtermexposure．
D)Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin．
４８．Whatdowelearnfromthe２０１１Australianstudyof１,６２１people?
A)Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures．
B)HighＧriskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen．
C)Irregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood．
D)Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas．
４９．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?
A)Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection．
B)Ithelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen．
C)Itisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects．
D)ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy．
５０．Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?
A)Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen．
B)Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible．
C)Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen．
D)Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen．
PassageTwo
Questions５１to５５arebasedonthefollowingpassage．
Acrosstherichworld,wellＧeducatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthanthelessＧ
１５４skilled．Some６５％ ofAmericanmenaged６２Ｇ７４withaprofessionaldegreeareinthe
workforce,comparedwith３２％ofmenwithonlyahighＧschoolcertificate．Thisgapispart
ofadeepeningdividebetweenthewellＧeducatedwellＧoffandtheunskilledpoor．Rapid
technologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseof
theunskilled．Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound．
Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllive
longerthaneverbefore．Overthenext２０yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged６５or
morewillalmostdouble,from６００millionto１．１billion．Theexperienceofthe２０thcentury,
whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmore
yearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomic
growth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems．
Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesa
newtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled．Employmentratesare
fallingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger．The
divideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewellＧeducatedbabyＧboomersareputtingoff
retirementwhilemanylessＧskilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce．
Policyispartlyresponsible．ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthat
usedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly．Risinglifeexpectancy,combined withthe
replacementof generous definedＧbenefit pension plans with less generous definedＧ
contributionones,meansthateventhebetterＧoffmustworklongertohaveacomfortable
retirement．Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole．Payhasrisensharplyfor
thehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecause
thesedaystheeducatedelderlyare moreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration．
Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,
frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage．
５１．Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?
A)Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly．
B)WellＧeducatedpeopletendtoworklonger．
C)Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear．
D)Peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork．
５２．WhathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewellＧoffandthepoor?
A)Longerlifeexpectancies． C)Profoundchangesintheworkforce．
B)Arapidtechnologicaladvance． D)AgrowingnumberofthewellＧeducated．
５３．Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe２０thcentury?
A)Economicgrowthwillslowdown．
样
B)Governmentbudgetswillincrease． 卷
１５５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
C)Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation．
D)Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket．
５４．WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?
A)Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly．
B)MorepeoplehavetoreceiveinＧservicetraining．
C)Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement．
D)PeoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefinedＧbenefitsfrompensionplans．
５５．Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe２１stcentury?
A)Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork．
B)Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung．
C)Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones．
D)Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage．
PartIV Translation (３０minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed３０minutestotranslateapassagefrom
ChineseintoEnglish．YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet２．
据报道,今年中国快递服务(courierservices)将递送大约１２０亿件包裹.这将使中国有
可能超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场.大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品.中国给数
百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会.仅在１１月１１日,中国消费者就从
国内最大的购物平台购买了价值９０亿美元的商品.中国有不少这样的特殊购物日.因此,
快递业在中国扩展就不足为奇了.
１５６【听力文字稿】
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports．Attheendofeachnews
report,youwillheartwoorthreequestions．Boththenewsreportandthequestions
willbespokenonlyonce．Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer
fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)．Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet１withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
NewsReportOne
Kenyanpolicesayonepersonwaskilledand２６injuredinanexplosionatabusstation
incentralNairobi．TheblasthitabusabouttosetofffortheUgandancapitalKampala．Last
July,theSomaligroupalＧShababsaiditwasbehindtheblastsintheUgandancapitalwhich
killedmorethan７０people．WillRossreportsfromtheKenyancapital．
Theexplosionhappenedbesideabuswhichwasabouttosetoffforanovernightjourney
fromNairobitotheUgandancapitalKampala．Someeyewitnessesreportthatabagwasabout
tobeloadedonboard,butitexplodedduringasecuritycheck．Windowsoftheredbuswere
leftsmashed,andbloodcouldbeseenonthegroundbesidethevehicle．Justhoursearlier,
UgandaspolicechiefhadwarnedofpossibleChristmasＧtimeattacksbySomalirebels．
Questions１and２arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard．
１．Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?
２．Whendidtheincidentoccur?
NewsReportTwo
WoolworthsisoneofthebestknownnamesontheBritishHighStreet．Itsbeenin
businessfornearlyacentury．Manyofits８００storesarelikelytoclosefollowingthe
companysdecisiontocallinadministratorsafteranattempttosellthebusinessforatoken
￡１failed．
Thecompanyhashugedebts．TheimmediatecauseforthecollapsehasbeenBritains
slidetowardrecession,whichhascutintoconsumerspending．However,thebusinesshad
beenintroubleforyears．
KnownforlowＧpriced generalgoods,Woolworthshasstruggledinthefaceof
competitionfromsupermarketsexpandingbeyondgroceriesandanewgenerationofinternet
retailers．
Manyofthestoregroups２５,０００employeesarelikelytolosetheirjobs．Some
profitableareassuchastheDVDpublishingbusinesswillsurvive．
样
卷
１５７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
Questions３and４arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard．
３．WhatdowelearnaboutWoolworthsfromthenewsreport?
４．WhatdidWoolworthsattempttodorecently?
NewsReportThree
Cairoisknownnotonlyforitsovercrowdedroads,irregulardrivingpracticesandshaky
oldvehicles,butalsoforitsairpollution．Inrecentmonths,though,environmentalstudies
indicatetherehavebeensignsofimprovement．Thatsdueinparttotheremovalofmanyof
thecapitalsoldＧfashionedblackandwhitetaxis．Mostofthesedatedbacktothe１９６０sand
７０sandwereinapoorstateofrepair．
Afternewlegislationdemandedtheirremovalfromtheroads,alowinterestloan
schemewassetup withthreeEgyptianbankssodriverscouldbuynew cars．The
governmentpaysabout＄９００foroldonestobediscardedandadvertisingonthenew
vehicleshelpscoverrepayments．
Theideahasprovedpopularwithcustomers—theycannowtravelinairＧconditioned
comfortandbecausethenewcabsaremetered,theydonthavetoargueoverfares．Banks
andcarmanufacturersaregladfortheextrabusinessintougheconomictimes．Asforthe
taxidrivers,mostaredelightedtobebehindthewheelofnewcars,althoughtherehave
beenafewcomplaintsaboutswitchingfromblackandwhitetoaplainwhitecolour．
Questions５to７arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard．
５．WhatchangetookplaceinCairorecently?
６．Whathelpedbringaboutthechange?
７．Whydocustomersnolongerarguewithnewcabdrivers?
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations．Attheendofeach
conversation,youwillhearfourquestions．Boththeconversationandthequestions
willbespokenonlyonce．Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer
fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)．Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet１withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
ConversationOne
W:Morning,thisisTGC．
M:Goodmorning．WalterBarryhere,callingfromLondon．CouldIspeaktoMr．Grand,
please?
W:Whoscalling,please?
M:WalterBarry,fromLondon．
W:Whatisitabout,please?
１５８M:Well,Iunderstandthatyourcompanyhasachemicalprocessingplant．Myown
company,LCP,LiquidControlProducts,isaleaderinsafetyfromleaksinthefieldof
chemicalprocessing．IwouldliketospeaktoMr．Grandtodiscusswaysinwhichwe
couldhelpTGCprotectitselffromsuchproblemsandsavemoneyatthesametime．
W:Yes,Isee．Well,Mr．Grandisnotavailableatthemoment．
M:CanyoutellmewhenIcouldreachhim?
W:Hesverybusyforthenextfewdays—thenhellbeawayinNewYork．Soitsdifficult
togiveyouatime．
M:CouldIspeaktosomeoneelse,perhaps?
W:Whoinparticular?
M:Acolleagueforexample?
W:Yourespeakingtohispersonalassistant．IcandealwithcallsforMr．Grand．
M:Yes,well,couldIringhimtomorrow?
W:No,Imsorryhewontbefreetomorrow．Listen,letmesuggestsomething．Yousend
usdetailsofyourproductsandservices,togetherwithreferencesfromothercompanies
andthenwellcontactyou．
M:Yes,thatsverykindofyou．Ihaveyouraddress．
W:Verygood,Mr．．．．
M:Barry．WalterBarryfromLCPinLondon．
W:Right,Mr．Barry．Welookforwardtohearingfromyou．
M:Thankyou．Goodbye．
W:Bye．
Questions８to１１arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．
８．Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanscompany?
９．Whatdowelearnabouttheman?
１０．Whatisthewomanspositioninhercompany?
１１．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?
ConversationTwo
M:Youregoingtowearoutthecomputerskeyboard!
W:Oh,hi．
M:Doyouhaveanyideawhattimeitis?
W:AbouttenortenＧthirty?
M:Itsnearlymidnight．
W:Really?Ididntknowitwassolate．
M:Dontyouhaveanearlyclasstoteachtomorrowmorning?
W:Yes,atsevenoclock．Mycommuterclass,thestudentswhogotoworkrightaftertheir
样
lesson． 卷
１５９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
M:Thenyououghttogotobed．Whatareyouwriting,anyway?
W:AnarticleIhopeIcansell．
M:Oh,anotherofyournewspaperpieces? Whatsthisoneabout?
W:DoyourememberthetripItooklastmonth?
M:TheoneuptotheAmazon?
W:Well,thatswhatImwritingabout—thenewhighwayandthechangesitsmakingin
theAmazonvalley．
M:Itshouldbeinteresting．
W:Itis．IguessthatswhyIforgotallaboutthetime．
M:Howmanyarticleshaveyousoldnow?
W:Aboutadozensofar．
M:Whatkindofnewspapersbuythem?
W:Thepapersthatcarryalotofforeignnews．TheyusuallyappearinthebigSunday
editionswheretheyneedalotofbackgroundstoriestohelpfillupthespacebetween
theads．
M:Isthereanyfutureinit?
W:Ihopeso．TheresachanceImaysellthisarticletoanewsservice．
M:Thenyourstorywouldbepublishedinseveralpapers,wouldntit?
W:Thatstheidea．AndImightevenbeabletodootherstoriesonaregularbasis．
M:Thatwouldbegreat．
Questions１２to１５arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．
１２．Whatisthewomansoccupation?
１３．Whatisthewomanwritingabout?
１４．Wheredothewomansarticlesusuallyappear?
１５．Whatdoesthewomanexpect?
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages．Attheendofeachpassage,
youwillhearthreeorfourquestions．Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespoken
onlyonce．Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour
choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer
Sheet１withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
PassageOne
Intodaysclass,welldiscussToniMorrisonsnovelBeloved．AsImsureyouallknow,
Morrisonisbothapopularandahighlyrespectedauthor,anditsnoteasytobeboth．Born
in１９３１,Morrisonhaswrittensomeofthemosttouchingandintelligentworksonthe
AfricanＧAmericanexperienceeverwrittenbyanyone,andyettocallheran “AfricanＧ
１６０Americanwriter”doesntseemtodoherjustice．Inmanyways,shessimplyanAmerican
writer—andcertainlyoneofourbest．
Belovedisatrulyremarkablework．Itwasrecommendedfornearlyevery major
literaryprize,includingtheNationalBookAwardandtheNationalBookCriticsCircle
Award,anditinfactwonthePulitzerPrizeforfictionin１９８８．Morrisonherselfis
distinguishedforhavingwontheNobelPrizeforliteraturein１９９３．
WhatmakesBeloveduniqueistheskillful,surewayinwhichMorrisonblendsintensely
personalstorytelling and American history,racialthemesand genderthemes,the
experienceofBlackswiththeexperienceofallpeopleeverywhere,thedownＧtoＧearthreality
ofslaverywithasenseofmysteriousspirituality．
Wellbepayingspecialattentiontothesethemesaswediscussthis work．Im
particularlyinterestedinyourviewsontherelativeimportanceofraceandgenderinthis
book．IsitmoreimportantthatSethe,themaincharacter,isblackorthatshesawoman?
Whichcontributesmoretoherbeing? WhatdoesMorrisontellusaboutboth?
Questions１６to１８arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．
１６．WhatdowelearnaboutToniMorrison?
１７．WhathonordidToniMorrisonreceivein１９９３?
１８．WhatdoesthespeakertellusaboutSethe,themaincharacterinMorrisonsnovel
Beloved?
PassageTwo
ThetopicofmytalktodayisgiftＧgiving．Everybodylikestoreceivegifts,right?Soyou
maythinkthatgiftＧgivingisauniversalcustom．Butactually,therulesofgiftＧgivingvary
quitealot,andnotknowingthemcanresultingreatembarrassment．InNorthAmerica,the
rulesarefairlysimple．Ifyoureinvitedtosomeoneshomefordinner,bringwineorflowers
orasmallitemfromyourcountry．Amongfriends,family,andbusinessassociates,we
generallydontgivegiftsonotheroccasionsexceptonsomeonesbirthdayandChristmas．
TheJapanese,ontheotherhand,givegiftsquitefrequently,oftentothanksomeonefor
theirkindness．ThetraditionofgiftＧgivinginJapanisveryancient．Therearemanydetailed
rulesforeverythingfrom thecolorofthe wrappingpapertothetimeofthegift
presentation．AndwhileEuropeansdontgenerallyexchangebusinessgifts,theydofollow
someformalcustomswhenvisitinghomes,suchasbringingflowers．Thetypeandcolorof
flowers,however,cancarryspecialmeaning．
TodaywehaveseensomebroaddifferencesingiftＧgiving．Icouldgoonwithadditional
examples．Butletsnotmissthemainpointhere:Ifwearenotawareofandsensitiveto
culturaldifferences,thepossibilitiesformiscommunicationandconflictareenormous．
Whetherwelearnaboutthesedifferencesbyreadingabookorbylivingabroad,ourgoal
样
mustbetorespectdifferencesamongpeopleinordertogetalongsuccessfullywithour 卷
１６１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
globalneighbors．
Questions１９to２１arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．
１９．WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutgiftＧgivingofNorthAmericans?
２０．WhatdowelearnabouttheJapaneseconcerninggiftＧgiving?
２１．Whatpointdoesthespeakermakeattheendofthetalk?
PassageThree
HettyGreenwasaveryspoilt,onlychild．ShewasborninMassachusetts,USA,in
１８３５．Herfatherwasamillionairebusinessman．Hermotherwasoftenill,andsofromthe
ageoftwoherfathertookherwithhimtoworkandtaughtheraboutstocksandshares．At
theageofsixshestartedreadingthedailyfinancialnewspapersandopenedherownbank
account．
Herfatherdiedwhenshewas２１andsheinherited＄７．５million．ShewenttoNewYork
andinvestedonWallStreet．Hettysavedeverypenny,eatinginthecheapestrestaurantsfor
１５cents．Shebecameoneoftherichestandmosthatedwomenintheworld．At３３she
marriedEdwardGreen,amultiＧmillionaire,andhadtwochildren,NedandSylvia．
Hettysmeannesswaswellknown．Shealwaysarguedaboutpricesinshops．Shewalked
tothelocalgrocerystoretobuybrokenbiscuitswhichweremuchcheaper,andtogetafree
boneforhermuchloveddog．OnceshelostatwoＧcentstampandspentthenightlookingfor
it．Sheneverboughtclothesandalwaysworethesamelong,raggedblackskirt．Worstof
all,whenhersonNedfellandinjuredhisknee,sherefusedtopayforadoctorandspent
hourslookingforfreemedicalhelp．IntheendNedlosthisleg．
Whenshediedin１９１６sheleftherchildren＄１００million．Herdaughterbuiltahospital
withhermoney．
Questions２２to２５arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．
２２．WhatdowelearnaboutHettyGreenasachild?
２３．HowdidHettyGreenbecomerichovernight?
２４．WhywasHettyGreenmuchhated?
２５．WhatdowelearnaboutHettyGreensdaughter?
１６２【参考答案】
PartII ListeningComprehension
SectionA
１．B ２．C ３．A ４．D ５．D
６．A ７．C
SectionB
８．D ９．B １０．B １１．C １２．A
１３．B １４．C １５．D
SectionC
１６．A １７．B １８．D １９．D ２０．C
２１．B ２２．B ２３．A ２４．D ２５．C
PartIII ReadingComprehension
SectionA
２６．A ２７．K ２８．G ２９．L ３０．D
３１．H ３２．J ３３．O ３４．E ３５．C
SectionB
３６．K ３７．A ３８．G ３９．I ４０．B
４１．D ４２．E ４３．H ４４．F ４５．J
SectionC
４６．B ４７．A ４８．D ４９．C ５０．A
５１．B ５２．B ５３．A ５４．C ５５．D
PartIV Translation
ItisreportedthatChinesecourierserviceswilldeliverabout１２billionparcelsthisyear．
ThiswillenableChinatoovertaketheUSandbecometheworldsbiggestdeliverymarket．
Themajorityofcourierpackagescontainitemsorderedonline．Chinagivesmillionsofonline
retailerstheopportunitytosellgoodsathighlycompetitiveprices．On１１Novemberalone,
Chineseconsumersbought＄９billionworthofproductsonthecountrysbiggestshopping
platform．Chinahasmanyspecialshoppingholidayslikethis．So,itsnosurprisethecourier
industryisexpandinginChina．
样
卷
１６３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
２．全国大学英语四级考试(口试)样卷
Topicarea:DailyLife
Topic:Travel
Hello,welcometotheCETSpokenEnglishTest—BandFour．Wewishyoubothgood
lucktoday．Nowletsstartbyintroducingyourselves．
CandidateA,wouldyoupleasegofirst? (时间２０秒)
Thankyou．CandidateB,nowitsyourturn．(时间２０秒)
Thankyou．OK,nowthatweknoweachother,letsmoveon．
Task１ ReadAloud
Inthistask,youwillreadaloudashortpassage．Youwillhave４５secondstogooverthe
passageandoneminutetoreaditaloud．Hereisthepassage．
(屏幕显示以下文字)
ManypeoplewouldlistSanFranciscoasoneofthemostdelightfulcitiesintheworld．
SittingonthePacificcoast,itgivesyouafeelingofthesea．Theseabreezeswakeyouup
andmakeyoueatwellandsleepwell．Thecitywasplannedwithstraightroads,andthese
roadscrosseachotheratrightangles,makingsquaresastheydoinmanyAmericancities．
Veryoftenyoucanfindyourselfontopofahillinthecity,lookingdownoneofthese
straightroadsasitrisesandfallsonitsjourneythroughthetown．Agoodwaytotravelthese
roadsisbycablecar．Thesearebusesthatrunonrailsinthegroundupanddownthesteep
hills．
(考生准备时间４５秒)
Whenyouhearthebeep,pleasestarttoread．
(考生A和B同时回答,时间１分钟)
Task２ QuestionandAnswer
Inthistask,youwillanswertwoquestions．Foreachquestion,youwillhave２０
secondstorespond．Whenyouhearthebeep,pleasestarttospeak．
(问题文字不显示在屏幕上)
Question１:
WhatwouldmanypeoplethinkofSanFranciscoaccordingtothepassage?
(考生A和B同时回答,时间２０秒)
１６４Question２:
WhichcoastalcityinChinadoyoulikemost?Andwhy?
(考生A和B同时回答,时间２０秒)
Task３ IndividualPresentation
Inthistask,youwilltalkaboutthepicturedisplayedonthescreen．Youwillhave４５
secondstoprepareandoneminutetotalkaboutit．Nowhereisthepicture．
(考生准备时间４５秒)
Whenyouhearthebeep,pleasestarttospeak．
(考生A和B同时回答,时间１分钟)
Task４ PairWork
Inthistask,youwilltalkwithyourpartneraboutaplanoftravel．Supposeyouhave
threedaystogosightseeingtogether．Talkwitheachotherandmakeaplanforyourtrip．
Yourplanmayinclude:
—place(s)tovisit
—schedule
— meansoftransportation
Youwillhaveoneminutetoprepareandthreeminutestotalk．Remember,thisisapair
activityandyouneedtointeractwitheachother．Yourperformancewillbejudgedaccording
样
toyourcontributiontothepairwork．Nowpleasestarttoprepare． 卷
１６５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
(屏幕上显示以下文字)
Yourplanmayinclude:
—place(s)tovisit
—schedule
— meansoftransportation
(考生准备时间１分钟)
Whenyouhearthebeep,pleasestarttospeak．
(考生A和B讨论,时间３分钟)
Thankyou．Thatistheendofthetest．
１６６３．全国大学英语六级考试(笔试)样卷
PartI Writing (３０minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed３０minutestowriteanessaycommentingon
thesaying“Ifyoucannotdogreatthings,dosmallthingsinagreatway．”Youcan
citeexamplestoillustrateyourpointofview．Youshouldwriteatleast１５０wordsbut
nomorethan２００words．WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet１．
PartII ListeningComprehension (３０minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations．Attheendofeach
conversation,youwillhearfourquestions．Boththeconversationandthequestions
willbespokenonlyonce．Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer
fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)．Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet１withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
Questions１to４arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．
１．A)Heinventedtherefrigerator．
B)Hepatentedhisfirstinvention．
C)Hewasadmittedtoauniversity．
D)HegotadegreeinMathematics．
２．A)Hestartedtoworkonrefrigeration．
B)HebecameaprofessorofMathematics．
C)HefellinlovewithNatashaWilloughby．
D)Hedistinguishedhimselfinlowtemperaturephysics．
３．A)Discoveringthetruenatureofsubatomicparticles．
B)Theirexplanationofthelawsofcauseandeffect．
C)Theirworkonveryhighfrequencyradiowaves．
D)Layingthefoundationsofmodernmathematics．
４．A)TohaveathreeＧweekholiday． C)Topatenthisinventions．
B)Tospendhisremainingyears． D)Toteachatauniversity．
样
卷
１６７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
Questions５to８arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．
５．A)Theinjuryofsomestudents．
B)Aschoolbuscrashontheway．
C)Thecollapseofaschoolbuilding．
D)Afirethatbrokeoutonaschoolcampus．
６．A)Teaching． C)Havinglunch．
B)Onvacation． D)Holdingameeting．
７．A)Amalfunctioningstove． C)Violationoftrafficrules．
B)Cigarettesbuttsleftbyworkers． D)Negligenceinschoolmaintenance．
８．A)Sentastorytothelocalnewspaper．
B)ThrewasmallThanksgivingparty．
C)Bakedsomecookiesasapresent．
D)Wroteapersonalletterofthanks．
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages．Attheendofeachpassage,you
willhearthreeorfourquestions．Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly
once．Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices
markedA),B),C)andD)．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet１
withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
Questions９to１１arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．
９．A)Itisatraitofagenerouscharacter．
B)ItisareflectionofselfＧesteem．
C)Itisanindicatorofhighintelligence．
D)Itisasignofhappinessandconfidence．
１０．A)ItwasselfＧdefeating． C)Itwastheessenceofcomedy．
B)Itwasaggressive． D)Itwassomethingadmirable．
１１．A)ItisadoubleＧedgedsword． C)Itisauniquegiftofhumanbeings．
B)Itisafeatureofagivenculture． D)Itisaresultofbothnatureandnurture．
Questions１２to１５arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．
１２．A)Sheisatouristguide． C)Sheisadomesticservant．
B)Sheisaninterpreter． D)Sheisfromtheroyalfamily．
１６８１３．A)Itissituatedatthefootofabeautifulmountain．
B)Itwasusedbythefamilytoholddinnerparties．
C)Itwasfrequentlyvisitedbyheadsofstate．
D)Itisfurnishedlikeoneinaroyalpalace．
１４．A)Itiselaboratelydecorated．
B)Ithassurvivedsome２,０００years．
C)Itisverybig,withonlysixslimlegs．
D)ItisshapedlikeanancientSpanishboat．
１５．A)Theyareinterestingtolookat．
B)Theyhavelostsomeoftheirlegs．
C)Theydonotmatchtheovaltableatall．
D)Theyareuncomfortabletositinforlong．
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowed
bythreeorfourquestions．Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce．Afteryouheara
question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)
andD)．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet１withasingleline
throughthecentre．
Questions１６to１９arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard．
１６．A)TheyinvestigatetheretirementhomesinAmerica．
B)TheyareonissuesfacingseniorcitizensinAmerica．
C)Theydescribethegreatpleasuresofthegoldenyears．
D)Theyarefilledwithfondmemoriesofhisgrandparents．
１７．A)Thelossoftheabilitytotakecareofhimself．
B)Thefeelingofnotbeingimportantanymore．
C)Beingunabletofindagoodretirementhome．
D)Leavingthehomehehadlivedinfor６０years．
１８．A)ThelossofidentityandselfＧworth．
B)Fearofbeingreplacedordiscarded．
C)Freedomfrompressureandworldlycares．
D)Thepossessionofwealthandhighrespect．
样
１９．A)Theurgencyofpensionreform． 卷
１６９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
B)Medicalcareforseniorcitizens．
C)Findingmeaningfulrolesfortheelderlyinsociety．
D)Thedevelopmentofpublicfacilitiesforseniorcitizens．
Questions２０to２２arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard．
２０．A)Itseriouslyimpactstheirphysicalandmentaldevelopment．
B)Ithasbecomeaproblemaffectingglobaleconomicgrowth．
C)Itisacommonproblemfoundinunderdevelopedcountries．
D)Itisanissueoftenoverlookedbyparentsinmanycountries．
２１．A)Theywilllivelonger． C)Theygetalongwellwithpeople．
B)Theygetbetterpay． D)TheydevelopmuchhigherIQs．
２２．A)AppropriatedfundstopromoteresearchofnutrientＧrichfoods．
B)Encouragedbreastfeedingforthefirstsixmonthsofachildslife．
C)Recruitedvolunteerstoteachruralpeopleabouthealthandnutrition．
D)TargetedhungerＧreliefprogramsatpregnantwomenandyoungchildren．
Questions２３to２５arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard．
２３．A)Theguaranteedqualityofitsgoods．
B)Thehugevolumeofitsannualsales．
C)Theserviceitprovidesforitscustomers．
D)ThehighvalueＧtoＧweightratioofitsgoods．
２４．A)Thosehavingatasteorsmellcomponent．
B)Productspotentiallyembarrassingtobuy．
C)Thosethatrequireverycarefulhandling．
D)Servicesinvolvingapersonalelement．
２５．A)Thosewholiveinthevirtualworld．
B)Thosewhohavetoworklonghours．
C)Thosewhoareusedtoonlinetransactions．
D)Thosewhodontmindpayingalittlemore．
PartIII ReadingComprehension (４０minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks．Youarerequiredtoselect
１７０onewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe
passage．Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices．Eachchoicein
thebankisidentifiedbyaletter．Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon
AnswerSheet２withasinglelinethroughthecentre．Youmaynotuseanyofthewords
inthebankmorethanonce．
Travelwebsiteshavebeenaroundsincethe１９９０s,whenExpedia,Travelocity,and
otherholidaybookingsiteswerelaunched,allowingtravelerstocompareflightandhotel
priceswiththeclickofamouse．Withinformationnolonger ２６ bytravelagentsor
hiddeninbusinessnetworks,thetravelindustrywasrevolutionized,asgreatertransparency
helped ２７ prices．
Today,theindustryisgoingthroughanewrevolution—thistimetransformingservice
quality．Onlineratingplatforms— ２８ inhotels,restaurants,apartments,andtaxis—
allowtravelerstoexchangereviewsandexperiencesforalltosee．
Hospitalitybusinessesarenow ranked,analyzed,andcomparednotbyindustry
２９ ,butbytheverypeopleforwhomtheserviceisintended—thecustomer．Thishas
３０ anewrelationshipbetweenbuyerandseller．Customershavealwaysvotedwiththeir
feet;theycannowexplaintheirdecisiontoanyonewhoisinterested．Asaresult,businesses
aremuchmore ３１ ,ofteninveryspecificways,whichcreatespowerful ３２ to
improveservice．
Althoughsomereadersmightnotcareforgossipyreportsofunfriendlybellboys(行李
员)inBerlinormalfunctioninghotelhairdryersinHouston,thetruepowerofonline
reviewsliesnotjustintheindividualstories,butinthewebsites ３３ toaggregatea
largevolumeofratings．
Theimpactcannotbe ３４ ．Businessesthatattracttopratingscanenjoyrapid
growth,asnewcustomersareattractedbygoodreviewsand ３５ provideyetmore
positivefeedback．Sogreatistheinfluenceofonlineratingsthatmanycompaniesnowhire
digitalreputationmanagerstoensureafavorableonlineidentity．
A)accountable I)persisting
B)capacity J)pessimistic
C)controlled K)professionals
D)entail L)slash
E)forged M)specializing
F)incentives N)spectators
G)occasionally O)subsequently
H)overstated
样
卷
１７１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattached
toit．Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs．Identifythe
paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived．Youmaychooseaparagraphmore
thanonce．Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter．Answerthequestionsbymarking
thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet２．
PlasticSurgery
Abettercreditcardisthesolutiontoeverlargerhackattacks
A) Athin magneticstripe (magstripe)isallthatstandsbetweenyourcreditＧcard
informationandthebadguys．Andtheyvebeenworkinghardtobreakin．Thatswhy
２０１４isshapingupasamajorshowdown:banks,lawenforcementandtechnology
companiesarealltryingtostopanetworkofhackerswhoaresucceedinginstealing
accountnumbers,names,emailaddressesandothercrucialdatausedinidentitytheft．
Morethan１００millionaccountsatTarget,NeimanMarcusandMichaelsstoreswere
affectedinsomewayduringthemostrecentattacks,startinglastNovember．
B) Swipeistheoperativeword:cardsareincreasinglyvulnerabletoattackswhenyou
makepurchasesinastore．Inseveralrecentincidents,hackershavebeenabletoobtain
massiveinformationofcreditＧ,debitＧ(借记)orprepaidＧcardnumbersusingmalware,i．
e．malicioussoftware,insertedsecretlyintotheretailerspointＧofＧsalesystem—the
checkoutregisters．Hackersthensoldthedatatoasecondgroupofcriminalsoperatingin
shadowycornersoftheweb．Notlongafter,thestolendatawasshowinguponfakecards
andbeingusedforonlinepurchases．
C) Thesolutioncouldcostaslittleas＄２extraforeverypieceofplasticissued．Thefixis
asecuritytechnologyusedheavilyoutsidetheU．S．WhileAmericancreditcardsusethe
４０ＧyearＧoldmagstripetechnologytoprocesstransactions,muchoftherestoftheworld
usessmartercardswithatechnologycalledEMV(shortforEuropay,MasterCard,Visa)
thatemploysachipembeddedinthecardplusacustomerPIN (personalidentification
number)toauthenticate(验证)everytransactiononthespot．Ifapurchaserfailsto
punchinthecorrectPINatthecheckout,thetransactiongetsrejected．(Online
purchasescanbemadebysettingupaseparatetransactioncode．)
D) Whyhaventbigbanksadoptedthemoresecuretechnology? Whenitcomestomailing
outnewcreditcards,itsallaboutrelativecosts,saysDavidRobertson,whorunsthe
NilsonReport,anindustrynewsletter:“Thecostofthecard,puttingthestickeronit,
codingtheaccountnumberandexpirationdate,embossing (凸 印)it,thesmall
envelope—allputtogether,youreinthedollarrange．”AchipＧandＧPINcardcurrently
costscloserto＄３,saysRobertson,becauseofthepriceofchips．(Oncelargeissuers
converttogether,thechipcostsshoulddrop．)
１７２E) Multiply＄３bythemorethan５billionmagstripecreditandprepaidcardsincirculation
intheU．S．Thenconsiderthattheresanestimated＄１２．４billionincardfraudonaglobal
basis,saysRobertson．With４４％ofthatintheU．S．,AmericancreditＧcardfraudamounts
toabout＄５．５billionannually．Cardissuershavesofarcalculatedthatabsorbingthe
liabilityforevenbighacksliketheTargetoneisstillcheaperthanreplacingallthat
plastic．
F) ThatleavesAmericanretailerspretty muchalonetheworldoverinrelyingon
magstripetechnologytochargepurchases—andleavesconsumersvulnerable．Each
magstripehasthreetracksofinformation,explainspaymentssecurityexpertJeremy
Gumbley,thechieftechnologyofficerofCreditCall,anelectronicpaymentscompany．
Thefirstandthirdareusedbythebankorcardissuer．Yourvitalaccountinformation
livesonthesecondtrack,whichhackerstrytocapture．“Malwareisscanningthrough
thememoryinrealtimeandlookingfordata,”hesays．“Itcreatesatextfilethatgets
stolen．”
G) ChipＧandＧPINcards,bycontrast,makefakecardsorskimmingimpossiblebecausethe
informationthatgetsscannedisencrypted(加密)．ThehistoricalreasontheU．S．has
stuckwithmagstripe,ironicallyenough,isoncesuperiortechnology．Ourcheap,ultraＧ
reliablewirednetworksmadecreditＧcardauthenticationoverthephonefrictionless．In
France,cardcompaniescreatedEMVinpartbecausethetelephonemonopolywasso
maddeninglyinefficientandexpensive．TheEMVsolutionallowedtransactionstobe
verifiedlocallyandsecurely．
H) Somebigbanks,likeWellsFargo,arenowofferingtoconvertyourmagstripecardtoa
chipＧandＧPINmodel．(Itsactuallyahybridthatwillstillhaveamagstripe,sincemostU．
S．merchantsdonthaveEMVterminals．)Shouldyoutakethemuponit?Ifyoutravel
internationally,theanswerisyes．
I) Keepinmind,too,thatcreditcardstypicallyhavebetterliabilityprotectionthandebit
cards．Ifsomeoneusesyourcreditcardfraudulently,itstheissuerormerchant,not
you,thattakesthehit．Debitcardshavedifferentliabilitylimitsdependingonthebank
andtheeventssurroundinganyfraud．“Ifitsavailable,thelogicalthingistogetachipＧ
andＧPINcardfromyourbank,”saysEricAdamowsky,acoＧfounderofCreditCardInsider．
com．“Iwouldusecreditcardsoverdebitcardsbecauseofliabilityissues．”Cashstill
worksprettywelltoo．
J) RetailersandbanksstandtobenefitfromthelowerfraudlevelsofchipＧandＧPINcards
buthavebeenreluctantforyearstoinvestinthenewinfrastructureneededforthe
technology,especiallyifconsumersdonthaveaccesstoit．ItsachickenＧandＧegg
problem:noonewantstospendthemoneyonupgradedpointＧofＧsalesystemsthatcan
readthechipcardsifshoppersarentcarryingthem—yetthereslittlepointin
consumerscarryingthefancyplasticifstoresarentequippedtousethem．(Anearlier
样
effortbyTargettomovetochipandPINnevergainedprogress．)AccordingtoGumbley, 卷
１７３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
theresa“youＧfirstmentality．Thelogjam (僵局)hastobebroken．”
K) JPMorganChaseCEOJamieDimonrecentlyexpressedhiswillingnesstodoso,noting
thatbanksandmerchantshavespentthepastdecadesuingeachotheroverinterchange
fees—thepercentageofthetransactionpricetheykeep—ratherthandealwiththe
growinghackingproblem．ChaseoffersachipＧenabledcardunderitsownbrandand
severalothersfortravelＧrelatedcompaniessuchasBritishAirwaysandRitzＧCarlton．
L) TheTargetandNeimanhackshavealsochangedthecostcalculation:althoughretailers
havebeenreluctanttospendthe＄６．７５billionthatCapgeminiconsultantsestimateitwill
taketoconvertalltheirregisterstobechipＧandＧPINＧcompatible,thepotentialliability
theynowfaceisdramaticallygreater．Targethasbeenhitwithclassactionsfromhacked
consumers．“Itstheultimatenightmare,”aretailexecutivefromawellＧknownchain
admittedtoTIME．
M) ThecardＧpaymentcompaniesMasterCardandVisaarepushinghardforchange．The
twofirmshavewarnedallpartiesinthetransactionchain—merchant,network,bank—
thatiftheydontbecomeEMVＧcompliantbyOctober２０１５,thepartythatisleast
compliantwillbearthefraudrisk．
N) Inthemeantime,appＧequippedsmartphonesanddigitalwallets—allofwhichcanuse
EMVtechnology—arebeginningtomakeinroads(侵袭)oncardsandcash．PayPal,for
instance,istestinganappthatletsyouuseyourmobilephonetopayontheflyatlocal
merchants—withoutsurrenderinganycardinformationtothem．Andfurtherdownthe
roadisbiometricauthentication,whichcouldbeencryptedwith,say,afingerprint．
O) Creditanddebitcards,though,aregoingtobewithusfortheforeseeablefuture,and
soarehackers,ifwestickwithmagstripetechnology．“Itseemscrazytome,”says
Gumbley,whoisEnglish,“thatacuttingＧedgeＧtechnologycountryisdependingona４０Ｇ
yearＧoldtechnology．”Thatswhyitmaybeuptoconsumerstomovetheneedleonchip
andPIN．SaysRobertson:“Whenyougettheconsumerintoapositionofworryand
inconvenience,thatswheretherubberhitstheroad．”
３６．ItisbesttouseanEMVcardforinternationaltravel．
３７．Personalinformationoncreditanddebitcardsisincreasinglyvulnerabletohacking．
３８．TheFrenchcardcompaniesadoptedEMVtechnologypartlybecauseofinefficient
telephoneservice．
３９．WhilemanycountriesusethesmarterEMVcards,theU．S．stillclingstoitsold
magstripetechnology．
４０．Attemptsarebeingmadetopreventhackersfromcarryingoutidentitytheft．
１７４４１．Creditcardsaremuchsafertousethandebitcards．
４２．Bigbankshavebeenreluctanttoswitchtomoresecuretechnologybecauseofthehigher
costsinvolved．
４３．Thepotentialliabilityforretailersusingmagstripeisfarmorecostlythanupgrading
theirregisters．
４４．TheuseofmagstripecardsbyAmericanretailersleavesconsumersexposedtotherisks
oflosingaccountinformation．
４５．Consumerswillbeadrivingforcebehindtheconversionfrom magstripetoEMV
technology．
SectionC
Directions:Thereare２passagesinthissection．Eachpassageisfollowedbysome
questionsorunfinishedstatements．ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),
B),C)andD)．Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet２withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
PassageOne
IlladmitIveneverquiteunderstoodtheobsessionsurroundinggeneticallymodified
(GM)crops．Toenvironmentalistopponents,GMfoodsaresimplyevil,anunderstudied,
possiblyharmfultoolusedbybigagriculturalbusinessestocontrolglobalseedmarketsand
crushlocalfarmers．TheyarguethatGMfoodshaveneverdeliveredontheirsupposed
promise,thatmoneyspentonGMcropswouldbebetterchanneledtoorganicfarmingand
thatconsumersshouldbeprotected with warninglabelsonanyproductsthatcontain
geneticallymodifiedingredients．Tosupporters,GMcropsareakeypartoftheeffortto
sustainablyprovidefoodtomeetagrowingglobalpopulation．Butmorethanthat,supporters
seetheGMoppositionofmanyenvironmentalistsasfundamentallyantiＧscience,nodifferent
thanthosewhoquestionthebasicsofmanＧmadeclimatechange．
Forbothsides,GMfoodsseemtoactasasymbol:youreproＧagriculturalbusinessor
antiＧscience．ButscienceisexactlywhatweneedmoreofwhenitcomestoGMfoods,which
iswhyIwashappytoseeNaturedevoteaspecialseriesofarticlestotheGMfood
controversy．Theconclusion:whileGMcropshaventyetrealizedtheirinitialpromiseand
havebeendominatedbyagriculturalbusinesses,thereisreasontocontinuetouseand
developthemtohelpmeettheenormouschallengeofsustainablyfeedingagrowingplanet．
样
ThatdoesntmeanGM cropsareperfect,oraoneＧsizeＧfitsＧallsolutiontoglobal 卷
１７５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
agricultureproblems．Butanythingthatcanincreasefarmingefficiency—theamountof
cropswecanproduceperacreofland—willbeextremelyuseful．GMcropscanandalmost
certainlywillbepartofthatsuiteoftools,butsowilltraditionalplantbreeding,improved
soilandcropmanagement—andperhapsmostimportantofall,betterstorageandtransport
infrastructure,especiallyinthedevelopingworld．(Itdoesntdomuchgoodforfarmersin
placeslikesubＧSaharan Africatoproduce morefoodiftheycantgetittohungry
consumers．)IdliketoseemorenonＧindustryresearchdoneonGMcrops—notjustbecause
wedworrylessaboutbias,butalsobecauseseedcompanieslikeMonsantoandPioneer
shouldntbetheonlyentitiesworkingtoharnessgeneticmodification．IdliketoseeGM
researchonlesscommercialcrops,likecorn．IdontthinkitsvitaltolabelGMingredients
infood,butIalsowouldntbeagainstit—andindustrywouldbesmarttogoalongwith
labeling,justasawayofremovingfearsaboutthetechnology．
Mostofall,though,IwishatenthoftheenergythatsspentendlesslydebatingGM
cropswasfocusedonthosemorepressingchallengesforglobalagriculture．Therearemuch
biggerbattlestofight．
４６．HowdoenvironmentalistopponentsviewGMfoodsaccordingtothepassage?
A)Theywilleventuallyruinagricultureandtheenvironment．
B)Theyareusedbybigbusinessestomonopolizeagriculture．
C)Theyhaveprovedpotentiallyharmfultoconsumershealth．
D)Theyposeatremendousthreattocurrentfarmingpractice．
４７．Whatdoestheauthorsayisvitaltosolvingthecontroversybetweenthetwosidesofthe
debate?
A)BreakingtheGMfoodmonopoly．
B)Morefriendlyexchangeofideas．
C)RegulatingGMfoodproduction．
D)MorescientificresearchonGMcrops．
４８．WhatisthemainpointoftheNaturearticles?
A)FeedingthegrowingpopulationmakesitimperativetodevelopGMcrops．
B)PopularizingGMtechnologywillhelpittoliveuptoitsinitialpromises．
C)MeasuresshouldbetakentoensurethesafetyofGMfoods．
D)Bothsupportersandopponentsshouldmakecompromises．
４９．Whatistheauthorsviewonthesolutiontoagriculturalproblems?
A)IthastodependmoreandmoreonGMtechnology．
B)Itisvitaltothesustainabledevelopmentofhumansociety．
C)GMcropsshouldbealloweduntilbetteralternativesarefound．
１７６D)Whateverisusefultoboostfarmingefficiencyshouldbeencouraged．
５０．WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheongoingdebatearoundGMcrops?
A)Itarisesoutofignoranceofandprejudiceagainstnewscience．
B)Itdistractsthepublicattentionfromotherkeyissuesoftheworld．
C)Effortsspentonitshouldbeturnedtomoreurgentissuesofagriculture．
D)Neithersideislikelytogiveinuntilmoreconvincingevidenceisfound．
PassageTwo
Whentherightpersonisholdingtherightjobattherightmoment,thatpersons
influenceisgreatlyexpanded．ThatisthepositioninwhichJanetYellen,whoisexpectedto
beconfirmedasthenextchairoftheFederalReserveBank(Fed)inJanuary,nowfinds
herself．Ifyoubelieve,asmanydo,thatunemploymentisthemajoreconomicandsocial
concernofourday,thenitisnostretchtothinkYellenisthemostpowerfulpersoninthe
worldrightnow．
Throughoutthe２００８financialcrisisandtherecessionandrecoverythatfollowed,
centralbankshavetakenontheroleofstimulatorsoflastresort,holdinguptheglobal
economywithvastamountsofmoneyintheformofassetbuying．Yellen,previouslyaFed
vicechair,wasoneoftheprincipalarchitectsoftheFeds＄３．８trillionmoneydump．Astar
economistknownforhergroundbreakingworkonlabormarkets,Yellenwasakindof
prophetessearlyoninthecrisisforherwarningsaboutthesubprime (次级债的)
meltdown．NowitwillbeherjobtogettheFedandthemarketsoutofthebiggestandmost
unconventionalmonetaryprograminhistorywithoutderailingthefragilerecovery．
ThegoodnewsisthatYellen,６７,isparticularlywellsuitedtomeetthesechallenges．
Shehasakeenunderstandingoffinancialmarkets,anappreciationfortheirimperfections
andastrongbeliefthathumansufferingismorerelatedtounemploymentthananythingelse．
SomeexpertsworrythatYellenwillbeinclinedtochaseunemploymenttotheneglectof
inflation．Butwithwagesstillrelativelyflatandtheeconomyincreasinglydividedbetween
thewellＧoffandthelongＧterm unemployed,morepeople worryabouttheopposite,
deflation(通货紧缩)thatwouldaggravatetheeconomysproblems．
Eitherway,theincomingFedchiefwillhavetowalkafinelineinslowlyendingthe
stimulus．Itmustbesteadyenoughtodeflatebubbles(去泡沫)andbringmarketsback
downtoearthbutnotsoquickthatitcreatesanothercreditcrisis．
UnlikemanypastFedleaders,Yellenisnotonetobuyintothefinanceindustrys
argumentthatitshouldbeleftalonetoregulateitself．SheknowsallalongtheFedhasbeen
tooslackonregulationoffinance．
Yellenislikelytoaddresstheissuerightaftershepushesunemploymentbelow６％,
stabilizesmarketsand makessurethattherecoveryismoreinclusiveandrobust．As
样
PrincetonProfessorAlanBlindersays,“Shessmartasawhip,deeplylogical,willingto 卷
１７７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
arguebutalsoagoodlistener．Shecanpersuadewithoutcreatinghostility．”Allthosetraits
willbeusefulastheglobaleconomysnew powerplayertakesonitsmostannoying
problems．
５１．WhatdomanypeoplethinkisthebiggestproblemfacingJanetYellen?
A)Lackofmoney． C)Unemployment．
B)Subprimecrisis． D)Socialinstability．
５２．WhatdidYellenhelptheFeddototacklethe２００８financialcrisis?
A)Takeeffectivemeasurestocurbinflation．
B)DeflatethebubblesintheAmericaneconomy．
C)Formulatepoliciestohelpfinancialinstitutions．
D)Pourmoneyintothemarketthroughassetbuying．
５３．Whatisagreaterconcernofthegeneralpublic?
A)Recession． C)Inequality．
B)Deflation． D)Income．
５４．WhatisYellenlikelytodoinherpositionastheFedchief?
A)Reformthecreditsystem． C)Tightenfinancialregulation．
B)Restorepublicconfidence． D)Developanewmonetaryprogram．
５５．HowdoesAlanBlinderportrayYellen?
A)Shepossessesstrongpersuasivepower．
B)Shehasconfidenceinwhatsheisdoing．
C)Sheisoneoftheworldsgreatesteconomists．
D)SheisthemostpowerfulFedchiefinhistory．
PartIV Translation (３０minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed３０minutestotranslateapassagefrom
ChineseintoEnglish．YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet２．
中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样,让客人吃不完.中国宴席上典型的菜单包括
开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜,例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等.大多数宴席上,全鱼被认为是必不
可少的,除非已经上过各式海鲜.如今,中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一
席,因此牛排上桌也不少见.沙拉也已流行起来,尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪
的菜肴.宴席通常至少有一道汤,可以最先或最后上桌.甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束.
１７８【听力文字稿】
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations．Attheendofeach
conversation,youwillhearfourquestions．Boththeconversationandthequestions
willbespokenonlyonce．Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer
fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)．Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet１withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
ConversationOne
W:Hello．
M:Hello,isthatthereferencelibrary?
W:Yes．CanIhelpyou?
M:Ihopeso．IrangearlierandaskedforsomeinformationaboutDenysHawtin,the
scientist．Youaskedmetoringback．
W:Oh,yes．Ihavefoundsomething．
M:Good．Ivegotapencilandpaper．Perhapsyoucouldreadoutwhatitsays．
W:Certainly．Hawtin,Denys．Born:Darlington１８３６;diedNewYork１９２０．
M:Yes．Gotthat．
W:Inventorandphysicist．Thesonofafarmworker,hewasadmittedtotheUniversityof
Londonattheageoffifteen．
M:Yes．
W:HegraduatedatseventeenwithafirstclassdegreeinPhysicsandMathematics．All
right?
M:Yes,allright．
W:Hemadehisfirstnotableachievementattheageofeighteen．Itwasamethodof
refrigerationwhicharosefrom his workinlowtemperaturephysics．Hebecame
professorofMathematicsattheUniversityofManchesterattwentyＧfour,wherehe
remainedfortwelveyears．Duringthattimehemarriedoneofhisstudents,Natasha
Willoughby．
M:Yes．Goon．
W:Later,workingtogetherinLondon,theylaidthefoundationofmodernPhysicsby
showingthatnormallawsofcauseandeffectdonotapplyatthelevelofsubatomic
particles．ForthisheandhiswifereceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin１９１０,anddid
soagainin１９１２fortheirworkonveryhighfrequencyradiowaves．Inhislifetime
Hawtinpatented２４４inventions．Doyouwantanymore?
M:Yes．WhendidhegotoAmerica?
W:Letmesee．In１９２０hewenttoteachinNewYork,anddiedtheresuddenlyafteronly
样
threeweeks．Still,hewasagoodage． 卷
１７９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
M:Yes．Isupposeso．Well,thanks．
Questions１to４arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．
１．WhatdowelearnaboutDenysHawtinwhenhewas１５?
２．WhatdidDenysHawtindoattheageof２４?
３．ForwhatwereDenysHawtinandhiswifeawardedtheNobelPrizeasecondtime?
４．WhydidDenysHawtingotoNewYork?
ConversationTwo
W:ThisisLisaMeyerintheWBZnewsroom,talkingwithMikeBassichis,whoisthe
directoroftheGiffordSchool,aboutthecleanupfromlastweeksfireandwhatthe
possiblecauseofthatblazemayhavebeen．
M:Weregettingreadyforourentirestafftoreturnearlyfrom vacationtomorrow
whereuponwearegoingtomoveintotemporaryclassrooms．Andtheotherbuildings
thatdidnotburnarebeingdeＧsmoked．Astothecauseofthefire,allweknowisthatwe
werehavingtroublewiththepilotlightssinceweboughtthestoveinJulyandithad
beenservicedthreetimes．Well,asamatteroffact,wethinkitwasamalfunctioning
stovethatmayhavecausedthefire．Nothingdefiniteyethasbeendetermined．
W:Haveyouheardfromotherschoolsorotherinstitutionalusersofthisstovethathavehad
thesameproblem?
M:No．Iwouldntknowanythingmoreaboutthestoveitself．AllIknowisthatthisfire
wentupsoquicklythattheresbeenasuspicionaboutwhyitwentupsoquickly．Andit
maybethattherewasagasblast．But,again,thishasnotbeendeterminedofficiallyby
anybody．
W:Igotyou．Whendokidscomebacktoschool?
M:NextMonday,andwewillbereadyforthem．MondayJanuary４．Werejustextremely
thrilledthatnoonewashurtandthatsbecauseofthefirefightersthatwerehere,nine
ofthem．Theyrewonderful．
W:AndImsureyousendyourthanksouttothem,uh?
M:Well,weresendingoutthankstotheminaletterorinanyotherwaywecan．Ihearda
storytodaywhereoneofourkidsactuallybakedsomecookiesandistakingittothefire
department,togiveittothem．
Questions５to８arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．
５．Whatwerethespeakerstalkingabout?
６．Whatweretheschoolstaffdoingatthetimeoftheaccident?
７．Whatwassupposedtobethecauseoftheaccident?
８．Whatdidoneofthekidsdotoshowgratitude?
１８０SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages．Attheendofeachpassage,you
willhearthreeorfourquestions．Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly
once．Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices
markedA),B),C)andD)．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet１
withasinglelinethroughthecentre．
PassageOne
Intodayspersonalitystakes,nothingismorehighlyvaluedthanasenseofhumor．We
seekitoutinothersandareproudtoclaimitinourselves,perhapsevenmorethangood
looksorintelligence．Ifsomeonehasagreatsenseofhumor,wereason,itmeansthatthey
arehappy,sociallyconfidentandhaveahealthyperspectiveonlife．
ThisattitudewouldhavesurprisedtheancientGreeks,whobelievedhumortobe
essentiallyaggressive．Andinfact,ouradmirationforthecomicallygiftedisrelativelynew,
andnotverywellＧfounded,saysRodMartin,apsychologistattheUniversityofWestern
Ontario．BeingfunnyisntnecessarilyanindicatorofgoodsocialskillsandwellＧbeing,his
researchhasshown．Itmayjustaslikelybeasignofpersonalityflaws．
HehasfoundthathumorisadoubleＧedgedsword．Itcanforgebetterrelationshipsand
helpyoucopewithlife,oritcanbecorrosive,eatingawayatselfＧesteemandirritating
others．“Itsaformofcommunication,likespeech,andwealluseitdifferently,”says
Martin．Weusebondinghumortoenhanceoursocialconnections,butwealsomayemployit
asawayofexcludingorrejectinganoutsider．
Thoughhumorisessentiallysocial,howyouuseitsaysalotaboutyoursenseofself．
ThosewhouseselfＧdefeatinghumor,makingfunofthemselvesfortheenjoymentofothers,
tendtomaintainthathostilitytowardthemselvesevenwhenalone．Similarly,thosewhoare
abletoviewtheworldwithamusedtoleranceareoftenequallyforgivingoftheirown
shortcomings．
Questions９to１１arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．
９．Howdopeopletodayviewhumoraccordingtothespeaker?
１０．WhatdidtheancientGreeksthinkofhumor?
１１．WhathaspsychologistRodMartinfoundabouthumor?
PassageTwo
Andnow,ifyoullwalkthisway,ladiesandgentlemen,thenextroomweregoingto
seeistheroominwhichthefamilyusedtoholdtheirformaldinnerpartiesandeven
occasionallyentertainheadsofstateandroyalty．However,theymanagedtokeepthisroom
friendlyandintimateandIthinkyoullagreeithasaveryinformalatmosphere,quiteunlike
样
somegrandhousesyouvisit．Thecurtainswereneverdrawn,evenatnight,soguestsgota 卷
１８１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
viewofthelakeandfountainsoutside,whichwerelitupatnight．Averyattractivesight．
Asyoucansee,ladiesandgentlemen,theguestswereseatedveryinformallyaround
thisovaltable,whichwouldaddtotherelaxedatmosphere．Thetabledatesfromthe
eighteenthcenturyandismadeofSpanishoak．Itsratherremarkableforthefactthat
althoughitisextremelybig,itssupportedbyjustsixratherslimlegs．However,itseemsto
havesurvivedlikethatfortwohundredyears,soitsprobablygoingtolastabitlonger．The
chairswhichgowiththetablearenotacompleteset—therewereoriginallysixofthem．
Theyareinterestingforthefactthattheyareveryplainandundecoratedforthetime,with
onlyoneplaincentralpanelatthebackandnoarmＧrests．Imyselffindthemrather
uncomfortabletositinforverylong,butpeoplewereusedtomorediscomfortinthepast．
Andnow,ladiesandgentlemen,ifyoudliketofollowmeintotheGreatHall．．．
Questions１２to１５arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．
１２．Whatdowelearnaboutthespeaker?
１３．Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheroomtheyarevisiting?
１４．Whatissaidabouttheovaltableintheroom?
１５．Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthechairs?
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowed
bythreeorfourquestions．Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce．Afteryouheara
question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)
andD)．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet１withasingleline
throughthecentre．
RecordingOne
Moderator:
HelloLadiesandGentleman,itgivesmegreatpleasuretointroduceourkeynote
speakerfortodayssession,Dr．Howard Miller．Dr．Miller,ProfessorofSociologyat
WashingtonUniversity,haswrittennumerousarticlesandbooksontheissuesfacingolder
Americansinourgrayingsocietyforthepast１５years．Dr．Miller:
Dr．Miller:
Thankyouforthatintroduction．Today,Idliketoprefacemyremarkswithastory
frommyownlifewhichIfeelhighlightsthecommonconcernsthatbringusheretogether．
Severalyearsagowhenmygrandparentswerewellintotheireighties,theywerefacedwith
therealityofnolongerbeingabletoadequatelycareforthemselves．Mygrandfatherspoke
ofhisgreatestfear,thatofleavingtheonlyhometheyhadknownforthepast６０years．
Fightingbackthetears,hespokeproudlyofthefactthathehadbuilttheirhomefromthe
１８２groundup,andthathehadpoundedeverynailandlaideverybrickintheprocess．The
prospectofhavingtoselltheirhomeandgiveuptheirindependence,andmoveintoa
retirementhomewasanextremelypainfulexperienceforthem．Itwas,inmygrandfathers
ownwords,likehavingalimbcutoff．Heexclaimedinaforcefulmannerthathefelthe
wasntimportantanymore．
ForthemandsomeolderAmericans,theirsoＧcalled“goldenyears”areattimesnotso
pleasant,forthisperiodcanmeanthedeclineofnotonlyoneshealthbutthelossofidentity
andselfＧworth．Inmanysocieties,thisselfＧidentityiscloselyrelatedwithoursocialstatus,
occupation,materialpossessions,orindependence．Furthermore,weoftenliveinsocieties
thatvaluewhatis“new”orinfashion,andourownusageofwordsintheEnglishlanguage
isoftenasignofbadnewsforolderAmericans．Imeanhowwouldyourfamilyreactifyou
camehometonightexclaiming,“Hey,cometothelivingroomandseetheOLDblackand
whiteTVIbrought!”Unfortunately,theword“old”callstomindimagesoftheneedto
replaceordiscard．
Now,manyofthelecturesgivenatthisconferencehavefocusedontheissuesof
pensionreform,medicalcare,andthedevelopmentofpublicfacilitiesforseniorcitizens．
Andwhilethesearevitalissuesthatmustbeaddressed,Idliketofocusmycommentsonan
importantissuethatwillaffecttheoverallsuccessoftheotherprogramsmentioned．Thishas
todowithchangingourperspectivesonwhatitmeanstobeapartofthisgroup,andfinding
meaningfulrolestheelderlycanplayandshouldplayinoursocieties．
Firstofall,Idliketotalkabout．．．
Questions１６to１９arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard．
１６．WhatdoestheintroductionsayaboutDr．HowardMillersarticlesandbooks?
１７．WhatisthegreatestfearofDr．Millersgrandfather?
１８．WhatdoesDr．Millersaythe“goldenyears”canoftenmean?
１９．WhatisthefocusofDr．Millersspeech?
RecordingTwo
The２０１０GlobalHungerIndexreportwasreleasedtodaybytheInternationalFood
PolicyResearchInstitute(IFPRI)．Itnotesthat,inrecentyears,expertshavecometothe
conclusionthatundernourishmentbetweenconceptionandachildssecondbirthdaycanhave
seriousandlongＧlastingimpacts．
Undernourishmentduringthisapproximately１,０００Ｇdaywindowcanseriouslycheckthe
growthanddevelopmentofchildrenandrenderthemmorelikelytogetsickanddiethan
wellＧfedchildren．Preventinghungerallowschildrentodevelopbothphysicallyandmentally．
SaysIFPRIsMarieRuel,“Theywillbemorelikelytoperformwellinschool．They
willstayinschoollonger．Andtheninadulthood,IFPRIhasactuallydemonstratedthat
样
childrenwhowerebetternourishedhavehigherwages,byaprettylargemargin,by４６ 卷
１８３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
percent．”
Ruelsaysthatmeanstheproductivityofanationsfuturegenerationsdependsinalarge
partonthefirst１,０００daysoflife．
“Thisiswhywereallonboardinfocusingonthosethousanddaystoimprovenutrition．
Afterthat,thedamageisdoneandishighlyirreversible．”
Thedataonnutritionandchildhooddevelopmenthasbeenslowlycomingtogetherfor
decades．ButRuelsaysscientificconsensusalonewillnotsolvetheproblem．
“Itsnotenoughthatnutritionistsknowyouhavetointervenethen,ifwedonthave
thepoliticiansonboard,andalsothe．．．peoplethatimplementprogramsinthefield．”
Ruelsaysthereareencouragingsignsthatpoliticiansandimplementersarebeginningto
getonboard．Many majordonorsandtheUnited NationsaretargetinghungerＧrelief
programsatpregnantwomenandyoungchildren．Theyfocusonimprovingdietsorproviding
microＧfoodsupplements．TheyimproveaccesstopreＧbirthcareandencourageexclusive
breastfeedingforthefirstsixmonthsofachildslife．
Ruelsaysinthe１９８０sThailandwasabletoreducechildundernourishmentbyrecruiting
alargenumberofvolunteerstotravelthecountrysideteachingabouthealthandnutrition．
“Theyreallydidveryactivepromotionofdiversityinthedietandgoodeatinghabits．So
theywereprovidingmorefoodtopeople,butalsoeducatingpeopleonhowtousethem,and
alsoeducatingpeopleonhowtofeedtheiryoungchildren．”
Ruelsayscountriesmaytakedifferentapproachestoreducingchildundernutrition．But
shesaysnationswillnotmakeprogressfightinghungerandpovertyuntiltheybegintofocus
onthosecriticalfirstthousanddays．
Questions２０to２２arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard．
２０．Whatistheexpertsconclusionregardingchildrensundernourishmentintheirearliest
daysoflife?
２１．WhatdoesIFPRIsMarieRuelsayaboutwellＧfedchildrenintheiradultlife?
２２．WhatdidThailanddotoreducechildundernourishmentinthe１９８０s?
RecordingThree
IdliketolookatavitalaspectofeＧcommerce,andthatisthenatureoftheproductor
service．Therearecertainproductsandservicesthatareverysuitableforsellingonline,and
othersthatsimplydontwork．
SuitableproductsgenerallyhaveahighvalueＧtoＧweightratio．ItemssuchasCDsand
DVDsareobviousexamples．Books,althoughheavierandsomoreexpensivetopost,still
haveahighenoughvalueＧtoＧweightratio,asthesuccessofAmazon,whichstartedoff
sellingonlybooks,shows．Laptopcomputersareanothergoodproductforsellingonline．
Digitalproducts,suchassoftware,filmsandmusic,canbesoldinapurelyvirtual
environment．Thegoodsarepaidforbyonlinetransactions,andthendownloadedontothe
１８４buyerscomputer．Therearenopostageordeliverycosts,sopricescanbekeptlow．
Many successful virtual companies provide digitalservices,such as financial
transactions,inthecaseofPaypal,ormeansofcommunication,asSkypedoes．Thekeyto
successhereisprovidinganeasyＧtoＧuse,reliableservice．Dothisandyoucaneasilybecome
themarketleader,asSkypehasproved．
Productswhicharepotentiallyembarrassingtobuyalsodo wellinthevirtual
environment．SomeofthemostprofitableeＧcommercecompaniesarethosesellingsexＧ
relatedproductsorservices．Forasimilarreason,onlinegamblingishighlypopular．
Productswhichareusuallyconsideredunsuitableforsellingonlineincludethosethat
haveatasteorsmellcomponent．Food,especiallyfreshfood,fallsintothiscategory,along
withperfume．Clothesandotheritemsthatneedtobetriedonsuchasdiamondringsand
goldnecklacesaregenerallynotsuitedtovirtualretailing,and,ofcourse,itemswithalow
valueＧtoＧweightratio．
Thereareexceptions,though．Onlinegroceryshoppinghasreallytakenoff,withmost
majorsupermarketsofferingtheservice．Theinconvenienceofnotbeingabletoseethefood
youarebuyingisoutweighedbythetimesavedandconvenienceofhavingthegoods
delivered．Typicalusersofonlinesupermarketsincludetheelderly,peoplewhoworklong
hoursandthosewithouttheirowntransport．
Questions２３to２５arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard．
２３．Whatisimportanttothesuccessofanonlinestore?
２４．Whatproductsareunsuitableforsellingonline?
２５．Whoaremorelikelytobuygroceriesonline?
【参考答案】
PartII ListeningComprehension
SectionA
１．C ２．B ３．C ４．D ５．D
６．B ７．A ８．C
SectionB
９．D １０．B １１．A １２．A １３．B
１４．C １５．D
SectionC
１６．B １７．D １８．A １９．C ２０．A
２１．B ２２．C ２３．D ２４．A ２５．B
样
卷
１８５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
PartIII ReadingComprehension
SectionA
２６．C ２７．L ２８．M ２９．K ３０．E
３１．A ３２．F ３３．B ３４．H ３５．O
SectionB
３６．H ３７．B ３８．G ３９．C ４０．A
４１．I ４２．D ４３．L ４４．F ４５．O
SectionC
４６．B ４７．D ４８．A ４９．D ５０．C
５１．C ５２．D ５３．B ５４．C ５５．A
PartIV Translation
TraditionalChinesehospitalityrequiresthatguestsbeofferedarichvarietyofdishes
whicharemorethantheycouldpossiblyfinish．TypicalmenusinaChinesebanquetincludea
setofcolddishestobeginwith,followedbyhotdishes,suchasmeats,chicken,duck,and
vegetables．Awholefishisconsideredessentialformostbanquetsunlessvariousseafoods
havealreadybeenserved．NowadaystheChineseliketomix Westernspecialtieswith
traditionalChinesedishes,soitsnotunusualtoseebeefsteaksserved．Saladshavealso
comeintofashioneventhoughtraditionallyChinesetendtorefuseanythinguncooked．A
banquetusuallyincludesatleastonesoup,whichislikelytobeservedasthefirstorthelast
course．Dessertsandfruitsgenerallysignaltheendofabanquet．
１８６４．全国大学英语六级考试(口试)样卷
TopicArea:SocialIssues
Topic:Stress
Hello,welcometotheCETSpokenEnglishTest—BandSix．Nowletsstartbyintroducing
yourselves．CandidateA,wouldyoupleasegofirst? (倒计时２０秒)
Thankyou．CandidateB,nowitsyourturn．(倒计时２０秒)
Thankyou．OK,nowthatweknoweachother,letsmoveon．First,Idliketoaskyoua
question．
Q:Doyouthinkcollegelifeischallenging? Whydoyousayso?
(两位考生同步回答问题,倒计时３０秒)
Nowletsmoveontosomethingmorespecific．Thetopicforourdiscussiontodayis“Stress”．
Eachofyouwillseeacardwithinstructionsforyourpresentation．Youllhaveoneminuteto
prepare,andeachofyouwillhaveoneandahalfminutestogiveyourpresentation．Now
lookatyourcard．(考生屏幕上只显示各人自己的卡片,倒计时６０秒)
NowCandidateA,pleasebegin．(倒计时１分３０秒)
CandidateB,nowitsyourturn．(倒计时１分３０秒)
两位考生依次根据图片或卡片作陈述
Right．Nowthatwevetalkedbrieflyaboutstress,Idlikeyoutodevelopthistopicfurther
andhaveadiscussionforaboutthreeminutes．Duringthediscussionyoumayargueandask
eachotherquestions．Ourdiscussionisaboutthebestwaytomanagestress．(屏幕上显示The
bestwaytomanagestress)
样
卷
１８７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
Remember,thisisapairactivityandyouneedtointeractwitheachother．Sodontkeep
talkingwithoutgivingtheotherachance．Nowletsbegin．(倒计时３分)
Allright,thatstheendofthediscussion．
NowIdliketoaskyoujustonelastquestiononthetopicof“Stress”．
Q:Whenareyoumostlikelytoexperiencestress?Pleasesaysomethingaboutit．
(两位考生同步回答问题,倒计时４５秒)
OK,thatstheendofthetest．Thankyou．
１８８５．全国大学英语四级考试答题卡
样
卷
１８９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
１９０样
卷
１９１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
１９２６．全国大学英语六级考试答题卡
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１９３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
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１９５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
１９６７．全国大学英语四级考试作文评分样卷
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed３０minutestowriteanessaybasedonthe
picturebelow．Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureand
commentonthekidsunderstandingofgoingtoschool．Youshouldwriteatleast１２０
wordsbutnomorethan１８０words．WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet１．
１４points
Asisdemonstratedinthepicture,despitehismothersangryface,thekidisunwilling
togotoschool,arguingthatsincehecangeteverythinghewantstoknowthroughhis
phone,theresnoneedgoingtoschoolandacquiringtheminclass．Itsnotuncommonto
hearsuchargumentamongyoungstudentsnowadays．
However,thiskidsunderstandingofgoingtoschoolcanbepotentiallyharmfulfor
followingreasons．First,morethanmerelyacquiringknowledge,goingtoschoolisalsoan
acttogetinvolvedinsociety．Welllearnhowtobuildfriendshipanddevelopinterpersonal
skills,whichisvaluableexperienceinourlifethatcannotbelearntfromphones．Besides,
schoolalsoteachesushowtothink,howtopursueknowledgeactively,whichcannotbe
replacedbycellphonesbecausewecanonlygainknowledgepassivelyfromcellphones．
Forreasonsabove,itshightimethatyoungstudentsrealizedthevalueofschool．Put
downtheirphonesandinteractwithothers,andabiggerworldiswaitingforustoexplore．
１１points
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Thispicturedescribesaconversationbetweenachildandhismother．Thechildthinksit 卷
１９７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
isnotnecessarytoattendschoolbecausealmostallinformationcanbeobtainedfromcell
phonewithInternet．Thatseemsmakesense,whereas,in myperspective,itisstill
essentialforustogotoschool．
Weliveinaninformationagewhenbooksandarticlesareavailabletoeveryoneonthe
Internet．Knowledgebecomespublic．Ifwewanttolearnsomethingsuchasmathematics,
wecaneasilyfindsomerelatedbooksonline．However,knowledgeonlineisntyour
knowledge．Youwillneedtolearnitandturnittoyourownknowledge．Schools,ormaybe
teachers,canconductyouhowtolearnwell．Actually,theydevelopyourstudyhabitsand
tellyousomemethodswhendealingwithnewdifficultproblems．Howtolearnisabsolutely
moreimportantthanwhattolearn．Althoughtherearehugeamountsofknowledgeonline,
westillneedtoknowhowtomasterit．Thatswhywegotoschool．
８points
Thecartonrevealsayoungboywhotakesaphoneandshowhisdoubting,andaman
withadogislisteninghisquestion,“WhyamIgoingtoschoolifmyphonealreadyknows
everything?”Nowaday,agreatamountofstudentsuseelectronicslikemobilephone．It
seemswecanacknowledgeallinformationthroughinternet,butsomethingweignored．
Firstofall,ifwehavealreadygotaphoneanddontneedtogotoschool,sohowabout
improveourcommunicationskills?Thereisnoplatformforstudentstoknoweachother．
Secondly,howtocreateateam work? Weonlyknowourselves,anddontknow
sharing,dontknowhelpothers,dontknow１＋１morethan２．
Lastbutnotleast,wecanlearnnotonlyknowledge,butalsomusic,computer,and
language．
Allreasonsshow whyweshouldgotoschool．Althoughitisconvenientforusto
acknowledgeinformationthroughphone,butlosthappinessoflearningandexploringwith
otherswhichisthemostimportant．
５points
Inourdailylife,moreandmoremordenmethodcanstart．Justlikethepicturesaid
“whyamIgoingtoschoolifmyphonealreadyknowseverything?”Asweknowns,wecan
startfromourphones．ButIthinkthereisamisunderstandingsaidaboutthis．Thereasons
areaboveof．
Goingtoschool,wecanstartallsubjects,example,Chinese,Math,Musicandsoon．
Whenwenotunderstand,wecanaskforteachers．Wecanreceiveallkindsofknowledge
fromtheschool．Goingtoschool,wehavecommunicatewithteacherandclassmate,these
canhelpusimprovingourcommunicateskills,whichcanhelpwewhenwegotosociate．If
youhavethiscommunicaterelationship,wewillhavegoodjob．
１９８Inall,learningfromthephonecannotsteadyoflearningfromschool．Inourlife,the
phoneknowledgeislimit．Inourlimitededucationcondition,goingtoschoolwilllearnmore
knowledge．Itcantakeusallknowledge,communicationskills,peoplesrelationship．
２points
WhyIgoingtoschoolifmyphonealreadyknowseverything? Butyouphonecant
teacheryouhowleaning．
Forsomereason,inweareachild,wemustgoingtoschool,tostudy,toleaning,to
player．ButifthisITtime,thisBigdatetime,myphonecanknowseverything．Hecan
teacheryou,caneasycalleverone,cangivingyouhappyingfromsomethinggame．
Because,theschoolcangivemore．First,letyougoingtoschool,isingovernment
idea,inverylongtimeisawayinthey．Two,youfatherandmother,hewanttoyougoing
toschool,because,inhimwearechild,inhimwebegoingtoschool．So,whereyouphone
canalreadyknowseverything．Butthisisjustphonehecantchangweareschool．For
somethingreason,schoolawayisschool,wheverITtime,Bigdatetime,schoolisnobody
caneasychang．Because,thisisschool,bylearn,byfuning,givingyoufriendtheschool．
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１９９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
８．全国大学英语六级考试作文评分样卷
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed３０minutestowriteanessaycommentingon
thesaying“Ifyoucannotdogreatthings,dosmallthingsinagreatway．”Youcan
citeexamplestoillustrateyourpointofview．Youshouldwriteatleast１５０wordsbut
nomorethan２００words．WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet１．
１４points
WeallrememberatimewhenwespokeproudlyaboutbecomingthenextBillGates,or
StephenHawking,anditsneverwrongtodreambig．Astimepassesby,wegradually
realizethatmostofusareboundtostayordinary．Yettheresstillawayofachieving
excellency．Asthesayinggoes,“Ifyoucannotdogreatthings,dosmallthingsina
greatway．”
Aperfectlifedoesnthavetobesogloriousorsparklingasgrandplaysperformedin
theatres．Thetruevalueliesinourattitudetowardstinydailyissues,ofwhichthe
repairmanworkinginourcommunityisanidealexample．BicycleＧrepairingiscertainlynot
thebrightestorbestＧpaidprofessiontomany,butthismanputshisheartandsoulintoitand
viewsitashiswayofservingforpeopleinthecommunity,whichiswhyheearnshigh
reputation．
Asagenerationabouttostepintothefiercelycompetitivesociety,wearehauntedby
thefeelingofworryandhelplessness．Ifwestriveforaccomplishingremarkablesuccessand
becomingworldＧrenowned,wellprobablyfeelfrustratedanddisappointed．Onlybyrealizing
“Excellencyderivesfromsmallmatters”canwesurviveandthrive．
１１points
“Ifyoucannotdogreatthings,dosmallthingsinagreatway”isthegreatestsaying
Iveeverheard．Iadmiremanypeople．Someofthemareheroeswhodogreatthings,but
someofthemareordinarypeople．Theydosmallthingswhichseemssimpleandboring．
Toillustrateit,Ishowanexamplefirst．MyChineseteacher,MissChen,isanordinary
seniorhighschoolteacher．Sheteacheseveryday．However,inmyeyes,shesagreat
teacher．Shereallylovesherstudentsandhercoursesarewonderful．Shewillspendher
sparetimetoprepareagoodclass．Shesalwayswillingtohelpstudents．Asaresult,shesa
verypopularteacherinourschool．
MissChendoesntdogreatthings,butshetriestomakeherjobgreat．Whenyoudo
thingswholeheartedly,youaregreatperson．Obviously,noteveryonehasthechancetobea
hero,butwhenwedooursmallthingsingreatway,wesucceed．
Thisisanamazingquality．Soweshouldntcomplainthatwecantdogreatthings．Lets
２００dosmallthingsinagreatwaytobeourownhero．
８points
Asuccessfulgreatmansaid:“asoldierwhodontwanttobeageneralisnotagood
soldier”．Wecanfindthatmostofmenwanttobecomegreatman,anddogreatthings!But
anarmyhasonlyonegeneral,mostofsoldierscanonlybeanormalsoldier．Soshouldthe
soldiersallgobackhome,justbecausetheycantbecomeageneral?Ofcoursenot!
Everyonehashisvalueinhisposition．Anarmycantwinbattleifhasonlyageneralbut
nosoldiers．Ifyouareasoldier,justdoyourbest,stayinyourpositionandeveryonewill
respectyouincludethegeneral．Asmyfather,althoughhesworkinginthegovernmentasa
normalpublicservantnotanofficer,buthedidhisbestinwork．Hesolvedlotsofquestions
forhisdepartment,andservedforhundredsofpeopleaweektohelpthem,hefeelsthat
hessuccessfulbecausehisleaderandallthepeopleheservedsaidtohim:“youareagreat
man”．
Sowejustdoourbestinourwork,domorefortheothers! Weareallthegreatman!
５points
Asshowinthissaying,Recentallymanypeople,especiallyyoungperson,thinkitis
certainlydogoodtodogreatthings,ratherthansmallthings．Moreover,theyoftenthinkdo
smallthingshasnovalueandboring．
Thesayingabovetriestocriticizethephenomenonthatmostpeoplewantdogreat
thingsratherthansmallthings．Itsreallyawrongviews．Aftercarefullyconsideration,I
havestatethatthesayingismorebiased．Itgivenfollowingreasons．Firstly,Therenotonly
greatthingsbutalsosmallthingsineveryproject．Besides,thesmallthingscandovery
excellenttoo,ifyoucanmakeyourmindstodoit．Further,Ifyoucantdoasmallthings
well,neithergreatthings．
Fromwhatdiscussedabove,weconcludethatquestionquitedependsonchoice．Inmy
owneyes,nomatterwhatabilitywehave,howexcellentweare．Becauseifyouwantwalk
thousandsmiles,youhavetodoeverystepinyoufoot．Onlyifdosmallthingswell,dogreat
thingsinthesametime．
２points
Nowadays,everybodywantdogreatthings,suchasstudentwewouldrathertoelect
thehotofsauceratherthanstudytheusefulteknologe．But,asshowintheeassythatit
saying“Ifyoucannotdogreatthings,dosmallthingsinagreatway”．
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Therearesomereasonsweshoulddosomesmallthings．Tobeginwith,nothingis 卷
２０１全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
distinguishbygreatthingsandsmallthings．Tosumupthesmallthing．Itisalsoagreat
thing．Andthegreatthingisowntopeoplesopinion．Then,ifwanttobesuccess,thesmall
thingswillhelptoyou．Furthermore,themostofallfamouspeopleisgrowninsmallthings．
Finally,thethingsmustsaidtoyourself．Ifyouunabletodo,youshouldgiveupquickly．
Inshort,itistimetodosomethingsnomatterhowgreatthingsorsmallthings．When
wegrowingup,wearegetbenefitedfromthosesmallthings．Everyisimportant．Every
thingsisbenefittoyourfuture．Onlybythiswaywecansuccessfulandmorehappy．
２０２９．全国大学英语四级考试翻译评分样卷
据报道,今年中国快递服务(courierservices)将递送大约１２０亿件包裹.这将使中国有
可能超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场.大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品.中国给数
百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会.仅在１１月１１日,中国消费者就从
国内最大的购物平台购买了价值９０亿美元的商品.中国有不少这样的特殊购物日.因此,
快递业在中国扩展就不足为奇了.
【参考译文】
ItisreportedthatChinesecourierserviceswilldeliverabout１２billionparcelsthisyear．
ThiswillenableChinatoovertaketheUSandbecometheworldsbiggestdeliverymarket．
Themajorityofcourierpackagescontainitemsorderedonline．Chinagivesmillionsofonline
retailerstheopportunitytosellgoodsathighlycompetitiveprices．On１１Novemberalone,
Chineseconsumersbought＄９billionworthofproductsonthecountrysbiggestshopping
platform．Chinahasmanyspecialshoppingholidayslikethis．So,itsnosurprisethecourier
industryisexpandinginChina．
１４points
ItisreportedthatthecourierservicesinChinawilldeliverabout１２billionpiecesof
package,whichindicatesthatChinamaysurpasstheU．S．tobecomethelargestmarketfor
courierservices．MostpackagescontainproductsorderedfromtheInternet．Chinahas
providedmillionsofonlineretailerswithopportunitiestoselltheirproductsatanextremely
competitiveprice．OnNovember１１thalone,Chineseconsumershavepurchasedproductsthat
valuedupto９billiondollarsfromthelargestshoppingplatforminthecountry．Sincethere
arequiteafewspecialshoppingfestivalsinChina,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthat
courierserviceshaveexpandedrapidlyinChina．
１１points
ItisreportedthatChinesecourierserviceswillsendabout１２billionpackagesthisyear,
whichmaymakeChinabecomethebiggestcouriermarketintheworldintheplaceof
America．MostofthepackagescarrytheitemsboughtontheInternet．Chinagivesmillions
ofretailersonlinetheopportunitiestosellproductsinextremelycompetitiveprices．Onlyon
November１１th,Chineseconsumersboughtproductsvalued９billiondollarsfromthebiggest
shoppingplatforminChina．TherearemanyspecialshoppingdaysinChina．Therefore,itis
notstrangethatcourierserviceshavebeendevelopingfastinChina．
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２０３全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
８points
ItisreportedthatthecourierservicesinChinawilldeliverabout１２billionpackages
thisyearwhichmayshowthatChinawouldbeattheUSAtobethebiggestcouriermarketin
theworld．MostpackagescoverstheproductswhichareboughtonＧline,forChinagives
millionsofcompaniesonlineopportunitiestosellproductsincompetitiveprices．Justin
November１１th,thecosumersinChinaboughtmorethan９billionpricesproductsfromthe
largestbusinessfloor．Chinahasmanyotheruniquecosumingdaylikethis,therefore,its
notsurprisingthecourierservicesexpandinChina．
５points
Accordingtothereport,thisyearcourierservicesinChinawillsendabout１２billion
packets．ItwillmakeChinaoverAmericatobecomethebiggestcouriermarketintheworld．
MostofpacketsarethethingswhichbuyfromtheInternet．Chinagivestheopportunitiesto
themillionsofsalesmentousethecompetivepricesellingthings．JustonNov．１１th,Chinese
comastersbought９billiondollarsthingsfromthebiggestshoppingmarkets．Chinahasmany
specialshoppingdayslikethis．Soitisnotsurprisethatthecourierservicescanextend
quicklyinChina．
２points
Fromthereport,Chinacourierserviceswilldeliveyabout１２０millionpackagesinthis
year．ChinawillbeyondAmericabecomemostbiggestcourierallovertheworld．Most
packagesaregoodsofonlineshop．Chinaofferforbillionsofdetialshopsthatpriceof
competitivesalethegoodsforachance．OnNovember１１st,theChinesecomsumerwho
bought９０ million dollarsgoodson biggestChinashop platform．China have many
extraordinaryshoppingday．Eventhough,couriesserviceswillexpandthatnotextrordinary
inChina．
２０４１０．全国大学英语六级考试翻译评分样卷
中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样,让客人吃不完.中国宴席上典型的菜单包括
开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜,例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等.大多数宴席上,全鱼被认为是必不
可少的,除非已经上过各式海鲜.如今,中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一
席,因此牛排上桌也不少见.沙拉也已流行起来,尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪
的菜肴.宴席通常至少有一道汤,可以最先或最后上桌.甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束.
【参考译文】
TraditionalChinesehospitalityrequiresthatguestsbeofferedarichvarietyofdishes
whicharemorethantheycouldpossiblyfinish．TypicalmenusinaChinesebanquetincludea
setofcolddishestobeginwith,followedbyhotdishes,suchasmeats,chicken,duck,and
vegetables．Awholefishisconsideredessentialformostbanquetsunlessvariousseafoods
havealreadybeenserved．NowadaystheChineseliketomix Westernspecialtieswith
traditionalChinesedishes,soitsnotunusualtoseebeefsteaksserved．Saladshavealso
comeintofashioneventhoughtraditionallyChinesetendtorefuseanythinguncooked．A
banquetusuallyincludesatleastonesoup,whichislikelytobeservedasthefirstorthelast
course．Dessertsandfruitsgenerallysignaltheendofabanquet．
１４points
ThetraditionalChinesewayoftreatingguestsrequireshoststoprepareabundantand
variousdishes,andmaketheguestsunabletofinishthemall．Thetypicalmenufora
Chinesefeastconsistsofasetofcolddishes,whichareservedatthebeginningandsomehot
dishesafterthat,suchasmeat,chicken,ducksandvegetables．Inmostfeasts,acomplete
fishisconsiderednecessaryunlessvariouskindsofseafoodhavebeenserved．Nowadays,
ChinesepeopleliketomixwesternspecialdisheswithtraditionalChinesecuisine,soitis
notraretofindsteakonthetable．Inaddition,saladhasgaineditspopularityconstantly,
eventhoughChinesepeoplearenotlikelytoeatdishesthathavenotbeencookedin
tradition．Thereisgenerallyasoupinafeast,whichcanbeservedatthebeginningorthe
endofthemeal．Besides,dessertsandfruitsoftenmarktheendofafeast．
１１points
ThetraditionalChinesewaytotreatguestsdemandsavarietyoffoodwhichwontbe
eatenup．AtypicalmenuofChinesedinnercontainsaseriesofcolddishesatthebeginning
andcookedfoodlater,suchasmeat,chicken,duckandvegetables．Fishisthoughttobe
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necessaryin mostformaldinnersunlessdifferentkindsofseafoodhasbeenserved． 卷
２０５全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
Nowadays,Chinesepeopleliketocombinespecialfoodfrom Westerncountrieswith
traditionalChinesefood．Asaresult,beefisnotrareatChinesedinner．Saladhasbeenmore
andmorepopular,althoughChinesedonteatanyuncookedfoodtraditionally．Therewillbe
atleastonesoupatdinner,whichcanbeservedatfirstoratlast．Dessertsandfruitsare
usuallyasignoftheendofdinner．
８points
TheChinesetraditionalwayoftreatingguestsrequiresthatthefoodinadinnershould
bevariousandmorethanwhatguestscouldeatup．AtypicallistofaChinesedinner
includingasetofcolddishesatthebeginning,followedbyhotdishessuchasmeat,chicken,
vegetablesandsoon．Inmostdinners,itisthoughtthatanentirefishisunlackableexcept
thatallkindsofseafoodhavebeenprovided．Nowadays,Chinesepeopleprefertocombine
westerntypicalfoodwithtraditionalChinesefoodinadinner．Soitsnotraretoseesteak
beingprovided．Saladisbeginningtobecomepopularaswell,eventhoughtraditional
Chinesepeopledonteatanythinguncooked．Thereshouldusuallybeakindofsoupatleast,
whichcanbeservedatthebeginningorattheendofadinner．Desertsandfruitsusually
marktheendofdinner．
５points
ThetraditionofChinesetreatmenttoguestsisthatthefoodmustbemuchenoughtolet
guestsbeunabletofinish．ThetraditionalfoodinChinaincludesthebeginningcoolfoodand
hotfoodnext,suchasmeat,chicken,vegetablesandetc．Inmostparties,fishisconsidered
tobeimportant,exceptthattheseafoodhasbeengiven．Nowadays,Chineseliketomix
WesternfoodandtraditionalChinesefoodtogether,thusthepearlcanbeseenfrequentlyon
thetable．Salahasalsogaineditspopularity,eventhoughtraditionally,Chinesepeopledont
eatanyfoodwithoutbeingfired．Theresatleastonekindofsouponthetable．Itcanbe
takenintothetablefirstlyorlastly．Dessertsandfruitsoftenmarktheendingoftheparty．
２points
InthewayofChinesetraditionaltreat,thefoodshouldbemanyandtoomuchtoeat．
ClassicalChinesetreatincludessomecolddishesinthebeginning,andthansomehotdishes,
likemeat,vegetableandchiken．Often,thefishismustprovided,expecttherearemanysea
foods,now,ChineselikemixsomewestdishesinaChinesetraditionaltreat．So,beefisa
oftendish．Saladalsostarttobepopular．AlthoughChinesedonteatanyfoodnotbecooked．
Usually,thereisatleastasoup,inthestartorthelast．Dessertorfruitusuallysymblesthat
treatwillbeover．
２０６１１．全国大学英语四级考试成绩报告单样张
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２０７全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
２０８１２．全国大学英语六级考试成绩报告单样张
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２０９全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(２０１６年修订版)
２１０
