文档内容
Unit 1 People of Achievement
课前积P累art 3 Using Language, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
书面表达
2020年全国Ⅰ卷
你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.人物简介；2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。
【参考范文】 The person I respect
There are many respectable people around us. As for me, the person I respect most is my mother.
Born and raised in a small city, my mother is a doctor who loves her work and her patients very much. When the
epidemic started to spread from Wuhan, she canceled her holiday and returned to work in hospital. From day to night,
she worked very hard, achieved a lot in her work, and respected by her colleague and patients. After work, she would
also spare some time to accompany me and share many positive things about her work. When faced with the problems
of learning, I sometimes were encouraged to overcome the difficulties wisely and bravely. So, in my mind, her dignity
and devotion makes me how respectable a woman she is.
课后培优练
级练
培优第一阶——基础过关练
I. 单词拼写
1 ． The guidance teacher is their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they e________
difficulties.
【答案】encounter
2．We’ve made e______(not normal; greater or better then usual) progress as a society in that regard.
【答案】extraordinary
3．Your cough is the c__________ of smoking.
【答案】consequence
4．After going through n________ failures, he finally succeeded in developing software.
【答案】numerous
5．A university is an educational i__________ which awards degrees and carries out research.
【答案】institution
学科网（北京）股份有限公司6．Mary is a very________(温和的) person, who never loses her temper.
【答案】gentle
7．In old times people had a________(理论) that the world was flat.
【答案】theory
8．I want to thank ________(教授) Doris, without whose help I couldn’t have made so much progress.
【答案】Professor
9．It is still one of the most ______（不寻常的）places I have ever been.
【答案】remarkable
10．He has_________ (起草，草拟)a standard letter to the editors.
【答案】drafted
11．He applied for a(n) ________ (专利权) for a new method of removing paint.
【答案】patent
12．It's________(非同寻常的) that he should make exactly the same mistake again.
【答案】extraordinary
13．Today we ________(哀悼) for all those who died in the two World Wars.
【答案】mourn
14．They had to quit the experiment due to lack of modern ________ (设备).
【答案】devices/equipment
15．Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________ (逐渐地) turned into chopsticks.
【答案】gradually
16．If you have the ________(激情) and the persistence to do this, I'll leave this project to you.
【答案】passion
17．We e______(遇到) a number of difficulties last week.
【答案】encountered
18．They m_________ (哀痛) for their children, killed in the war.
【答案】mourned
19．One c________ (结果) of global warming is extinction.
【答案】consequence
20．This scientist has put forth a new t___________(理论) in his research field.
【答案】theory
II．单句语法填空
学科网（北京）股份有限公司1．The little girl looked up______a moment, then continued drawing.
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：这个小女孩抬头看了一会儿，然后她继续画画。继续画画说明她向上看了
一会儿，一会儿是固定短语，for a moment。故填for。
2．She brings happiness______our family since she comes.
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意：自从她的到来，她给我们家庭带来了快乐。bring sth to sb给某人带来某事。故
填to。
3．Her name was______the tip of my tongue a moment ago, but now I’ve forgotten it.
【答案】on
【详解】考查介词。句意：她的名字刚才就在我嘴边，但是现在我已经忘记了。on the tip of one'stongue是
固定短语，表示在某人嘴边，差点说出。故填on。
4．Just hang______a moment; we may be able to give you a hand.
【答案】on
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在坚持一会儿，我们也许能帮你一把。根据“we may be able to give you a
hand”可知此处表示“坚持”，hang on表示“坚持下去”，故填on。
5．I tried to think______all the problems that were ahead of me tomorrow.
【答案】about
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我努力思考明天摆在我面前的问题。根据problems that were ahead of me
tomorrow应该是思考明天的问题，固定短语“考虑”是think about。故填about。
6．Before 2015, our party ___________ (acknowledge) the achievements made by the cooperation and supported
the continuous wider cooperating in the future.
【答案】acknowledged
【详解】考查时态。句意：2015年前，我们党对合作取得的成绩表示肯定，并支持今后继续扩大合作。根
据句中Before 2015可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，
acknowledge意为“承认”，动词词性，过去式为acknowledged。故填acknowledged。
7．Around ten years later, English had ___________ (gradual) taken the place of Russian as a subject in secondary
school teaching.
【答案】gradually
【详解】考查副词。句意：大约十年后，英语逐渐取代俄语成为中学教学的一门学科。修饰动词短语take
the place of用副词，故填gradually。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司8．In terms of research, it is necessary for us to stick to the ___________ (academy) cautiousness.
【答案】academic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在研究上，我们有必要坚持学术上的谨慎。修饰后文名词cautiousness应用
形容词academic，作定语。故填academic。
9．It is therefore unreasonable to make a ___________ (distinct) when it comes to a woman’s right to preserve her
eggs.
【答案】distinction
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：因此，对妇女保存卵子的权利加以区别是不合理的。make a distinction
（在…之间）加以区别，指出（…之间）的不同，这是个固定短语。故填distinction。
10．It means digital healthcare companies ___________ (encounter) fewer obstacles when developing new
products and services after 5 years.
【答案】will encounter
【详解】考查一般将来时。句意：这意味着5年后，数字医疗保健公司在开发新产品和服务时将会遇到更
少的障碍。after 5 years意为“5年后”，表示将来的状态，所以用一般将来时。一般将来时结构为：will
do / be going to do。will在一般情况下相当于be going to，表示将要做什么，两者之间有细微差别。will更
口语化，be going to则更强调有可能马上要着手去做的事情。根据句意，该处未涉及马上着手去做的事，
故填will encounter。
11．This government came ________ power at the last election.
【答案】to/into
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：这个政府在最后选举中执政了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要固定
短语：come to/into power，表示“执政”的意思。故答案为to/into。
12．The club, _________ (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
【答案】founded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家俱乐部，成立于25年前，正在为过去和现在的会员举办一场聚会。
设空处为非谓语动词，found与逻辑主语The club之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，found的过去分词为
founded，作后置定语。故填founded。
13．The children ________(gradual) began to accept her as one of the family.
【答案】gradually
【详解】考查副词。句意：孩子们逐渐地开始接受她作为家庭的一员。结合句意及空后的动词began，可
知空处应填副词形式作状语修饰动词began，故答案为gradually。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司14. The old lady knows how to make up herself, and every time I see her, it looks ________ she were no more than
40 years old.
【答案】as if
【详解】
考查表语从句的虚拟语气。句意：那位老太太自己很会化妆，我每次见到她，都觉得她还不到40岁。分析
句子中谓语动词的时态，根据已知的谓语动词knows和see可知，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，
而she were no more than 40 years old.这句话中使用了一般过去时，且第三人称单数谓语动词使用了were可
知推断出此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，结合语境可知，设空处需填“似乎，好像”引导表语从句，
as if意为“似乎，好像”。故填as if。
15．A ________ (politics)is a person whose job is connected with politics.
【答案】politician
【详解】考查名词。句意：政治家是工作与政治有关的人。根据句意和句子结构可知，设空处应该填写名
词做主语，同时根据空后的is a person可知，主语应该是人。politician意为“政治家”，符合句意，冠词a
提示用其单数形式。故填politician。
16．________ (found) in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities.
【答案】Founded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：哈佛大学创建于1636年，是世界上最有名的大学之一。分析句子可知，
逗号后句成分完整，is是谓语动词，found应用非谓语动词，作状语，与逻辑主语Harvard之间是被动关系
（哈佛大学被人建立），应用过去分词形式。故填Founded。
17．It is ________ (remark) that women didn’t have the vote until that time.
【答案】remarkable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：值得注意的是，女性直到那时才有投票权。分析句子结构，此句为主语从句，
it作形式主语。It is +adj.+that…句型，用形容词作表语，remarkable显著的，引人注目的。故填
remarkable。
18．As a _________(consequent), he failed in the exam.
【答案】consequence
【详解】考查名词。 句意：结果，他考试不及格。根据空格前冠词a，可知此处要填名词，涉及到短语as
a consequence(结果，因此)。故填consequence。
19．Despite ________(number) failure, they continue to conduct the experiment.
【答案】numerous
学科网（北京）股份有限公司【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管实验多次失败，他们还是继续进行实验。分析句子结构可知，空处需用
形容词作定语修饰名词failure，number的形容词为numerous“许多的”。故填numerous。
20．It is very important for children to have a harmonious school, ________ teachers treat students like their own.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对孩子们来说，有一个和谐的学校是非常重要的，在那里老师像对待自己
的孩子一样对待学生。分析句子结构，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词school在定语从句中作地点
状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
21．she quickly ________（sum）up the situation and took control.
【答案】summed
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她很快总结了形势并控制住了局面。根据句子结构，此处和took并列作谓
语，用一般过去时，故填summed。
22．Cecilia, ______body is slim, still wants to lose some weight.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：身体苗条的Cecilia仍想要减少体重。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，先
行词是Cecilia，在从句中与body之间形成所属关系作主语，因此使用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
III. 翻译句子
1．据我所知，这个孩子酷爱唱歌。（动名词作表语）(汉译英)
【答案】As I know, the child’s passion is singing.
2．虽然这些同样的笑话对今天的我们来说可能不像当时那么好笑了，但它们的作者明白，幽默不仅可以
娱乐，而且可以对敏感或情绪问题有新的启示。（while引导让步状语从句）（汉译英）
【答案】While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then, their authors understood that
humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.
3．多亏了社会各界人士的慷慨解囊，这个孤儿院才得以在今年年初办了起来。(orphanage；found)(汉译英)
【答案】Thanks to the generous donation made by people from all walks of life, the orphanage was founded early
this year.
4．随着时间的流逝，他逐渐意识到健康的重要性。(with+宾语+宾补) (汉译英)
【答案】With time going by, he gradually realized the importance of health.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司5．山坡平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳跃着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。
（汉译英）
【答案】The slope was gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a
floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent.
V. 课文语法填空
Albert Einstein, a genius well known for the theory of relativity, is universally considered the greatest scientist
in modern physics. Born 1 14 March 1879, Einstein tried to enter university in Switzerland when he was 16,
but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the 2 (enter) exam, though he did succeed in
obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. It was in 1896 3 he managed to pass the exam.
While 4 (work) in the Swiss patent office, he continued to study and earned a 5 (doctor) in
physics in 1905.Four years later he quit the job and 6 (commit) himself to full-time research at a
university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Sadly, the great genius had to 7 (flee) Germany in 1933, 8 Hitler came to power
and Jews were persecuted（迫害）、After spending time in Europe, he finally took up 9 position
as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. And he continued to make great 10
(achieve) in physics and mathematics.
【答案及详解】
1.on 考查介词。有具体日期的时间前面要用on。
2. entrance 考查词性转换。the entrance exam 意为“入学考试”，entrance在此处为名词作定语。
3.that 考查强调句式。句意；是在1896年他设法通过了考试。此处 It was...that 为强调句式，强调时间状
语。
4.working 考查非谓语动词。While working...为状语从句的省略，省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为 While
he was working…。
5.doctorate 考查名词。由设空处前的冠词a可知此处应用名词，doctorate 意为“博士学位”。
6.committed 考查动词时态。根据句子中时间状语 Four years later及上下文语境可知应该用一般过去时。此
题注意不要受quit的干扰，quit的过去式，过去分词有两种：quit／quitted。
7.f1ee 考查动词的形式。have to do sth.意为“不得不做某事”。故填flee。
8.when 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：令人悲伤的是，这位伟大的天才1933年不得不离开德国，这一年
希特勒上台执政，犹太人受到迫害。句中的1933为先行词、设空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作时间
状语，故填when。
9.a 考查冠词。句意：在欧洲度过一段时间之后，他最终在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员的职位。
此处包括固定搭配 take up a position，意为“担任，任职”。
10.achievements 考查词性转换和名词复数。achievement 作“成就”讲时是可数名词，故填
achievements。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司培优第二阶——拓展培优练
完形填空
话题人物：科学家——诺贝尔 词数：317+84 难度：☆☆☆
The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___14___ people
of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the
inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular ___15___ of exploding under pressure or
heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___16___ explosive (爆炸物). After years of ___17___,
in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite ( 炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than
nitroglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He ___18___ his wealth from his 355
inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.
When Alfred ’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper ___19___ published Alfred ’s obituary
(讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was ___20___ to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly
___21___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred
Nobel, who became ___22___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) ____23____. He spent his lifetime alone ____24____ things and was deeply
concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so
as to ____25____ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death,
Nobel made the last ____26____, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those
who have made great ____27____ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To
widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ____28____ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.
14．A．remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．negating
15．A．nature B．.conduct C．flavour D．benefit
16．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable. D．mild
17．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association
18．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up
19．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．scientifically
20．A．satisfied B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed
21．A．praised B．blamed C．appreciated D．favoured
22．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient
23．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence
24．A．destroying B．inventing C．combining D．stimulating
25．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure
26．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune
学科网（北京）股份有限公司27．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions
28．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out
【答案】14-18 BACBD 19-23ADBCB 24-28BACDA
【文章大意】文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自
己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方
面做出突出贡献的人。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地
在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D.
negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___13___, saying clearly
that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in
physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故
选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种
方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D.
benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一
种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温
和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to
control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更
安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel
started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来
控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。
18．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚
养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his
wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。
19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿
尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. scientifically
科学地。根据上文“When Alfred ’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔
过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意
的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly
___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred
Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，
媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，
并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表
扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of
“the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商
人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A.
greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth
from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富
有。故选C。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. error错误；B. warning警告；
C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply
concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告
是个警告。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A.
destroying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. combining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime,
Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事
业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent
his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在
意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他
的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B.
illustration说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth
would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry,
physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他
的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B.
decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the
most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in
different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。
28．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创
立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。
根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great
___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了
大多数财产。故选A。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司语法填空
话题人物：科学家——屠呦呦 词数：209 难度：☆☆☆
阅读下面短文在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China ____29____ (receive) a
Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest ____30____ (disease) in
human history. Thanks ____31____ her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had
a greatly increased chance of survival.
Born in 1930，in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine, ____32____ (acquire) a broad knowledge of
both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
In the 1960s many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a
cure for the disease. After hundreds of failed experiments, they ____33____ (eventual) found a promising chemical
named qinghao extract. It worked well in experiments on animals, ____34____ they had to know if it was safe for
humans. To speed ____35____ the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract
on ____36____ (they) first.
____37____ efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, through trial and error, they
successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract. More than 40 years after its
discovery, Tu ____38____ (award) a Nobel Prize for her work.
【答案】29．to receive 30．diseases 31．to 32．acquiring 33．eventually 34．but
35．up 36．themselves 37．The 38．was awarded
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了女科学家屠呦呦发现青蒿素，为抗击疟疾做出巨大贡献，被授予诺贝尔奖。
29．考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦是中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，因其对抗击疟疾，
人类历史上最致命的疾病之一，做出了贡献而获奖。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，被修饰词 female
scientist前有序数词the first修饰，所以空处应用不定式作后置定语。故填to receive。
30．考查名词。句意：屠呦呦是中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，因其对抗击疟疾，人类
历史上最致命的疾病之一，做出了贡献而获奖。“one of+可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，所以空处应
用名词的复数形式。故填diseases。
31．考查介词。句意：由于她发现了青蒿素，世界各地的疟疾患者现在的生存机会大大增加。thanks to为
固定短语，表示“多亏，由于”，符合句意。故填to。
32．考查非谓语动词。句意：屠生于1930年，浙江宁波人，学医，精通中西医。分析句子结构，空处作非
谓语动词，acquire与逻辑主语Tu之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填acquiring。
33．考查副词。句意：经过数百次失败的实验，他们最终发现了一种有希望的化学物质，名为青蒿提取物。
空处修饰动词found，应用副词形式作状语，eventually是副词，表示“最终”。故填eventually。
34．考查连词。句意：它在动物实验中效果很好，但他们必须知道它对人类是否安全。结合语意，句子前
后表示转折关系，应用连词but，表示“但是”。故填but。
35．考查固定短语。句意：为了加快这一过程并确保其安全，屠和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿素
提取物。speed up为固定短语，表示“加速”，所以空处应用up。故填up。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司36．考查代词。句意：为了加快这一过程并确保其安全，屠和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿素提取
物。空处作介词on的宾语，且指的就是主语Tu and her team本身，应用反身代词themselves表示“他们自
己”。故填themselves。
37．考查冠词。句意：屠和她的团队的努力终于有了回报。结合语意，此处特指屠呦呦和她的团队的努力，
空处应用定冠词the，置于句首，首字母大写。故填The。
38．考查时态语态。句意：在它被发现40多年后，屠因其工作获得了诺贝尔奖。根据上文时态可知，句子
描述过去发生的情况，应用一般过去时，award与主语Tu之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，
且主语Tu是单数，be动词应用was。故填was awarded。
培优第三阶——高考沙场点兵
阅读理解
主题语境：人与自我 难易度：☆☆☆ 语篇类型：记叙文 建议用时：8 min
（2019北京卷，B篇）
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy.
By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet
treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar.
However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing
out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that's
good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?” With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if
she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists
about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to
get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth
cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which
can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father
secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-
Cancandy.
As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is
enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She
hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although
she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her
unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles.
With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司1. How did Moore react to her dad’s warning?
A. She argued with him. B. She tried to find a way out.
C. She paid no attention. D. She chose to consult dentists.
2. What is special about CanCandy?
A. It is beneficial to dental health. B. It is free of sweeteners.
C. It is sweeter than other candies. D. It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.
3. What does Moore expect from her business?
A. To earn more money. B. To help others find smiles.
C. To make herself stand out. D. To beat other candy companies.
4. What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story?
A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C. Positive thinking and action result in success.
D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied
【词汇积累】
1. set up 建立，创立
2. invention n．发明
3. instead of 代替；而不是
4. destroy v．毁灭
5. offer v．提供
6. miss out 错失
7. trial n．试验
8. oral bacteria 口腔细菌
9. primarily adv．主要地；根本地
10. profit n．利润
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C
【语篇解读】本文体裁为记叙文，主题语境为人与自我，主题语境内容为创新与创业意识。Alice是一个青
少年创业者，她用她独有的智慧帮助了其他爱吃糖果的孩子并成就了自己的事业。本文侧重培养学生的思
维品质。
1.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为：对于她爸爸的警告，Moore是如何回应的？根据题干中的关键词dad’s
warning 可以锁定答案在第二段。根据第二段第五句 So she desired to get round the warning, “Why
can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it？”可知，
Moore希望找到解决办法，因此答案为B项（她试图找到出路）。A：她与他争论；C：她没有给予关注；
D：她选择咨询牙医。
2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为：CanCandy有什么特别之处？根据文章第三段第一句 With her dad’s
permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was
学科网（北京）股份有限公司both tasty and tooth-friendly.可知答案为A项（它对牙齿健康有益处）。B：它没有甜味剂；C：它比其他
糖果都甜；D：它是按照牙医处方做的。
3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为：Moore对她的事业有什么期待？根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句 She
hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.可知，答案为B项（帮助其他人找到笑容）
A：赚更多的钱；C：让她自己脱颖而出；D：打败其他糖果公司。
4.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们从Alice Moore的故事当中能够学到什么？Alice的初衷是为了让更
多喜欢糖果的小孩既能享用糖果又能使牙齿健康，有了积极的想法并积极地去行动，最终她的事业获得了
成功，因此本题选C项（积极的想法和行动成就了成功）。
读后续写
（2022·全国·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短
文。
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the
small town were warming up and walking the route(路线)through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small
for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the
other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids
from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let
him decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After
making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from
side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his
classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were
doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team.
It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run
long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with
the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
学科网（北京）股份有限公司____________________________________________________________________________________________
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. I said gently and quietly, “No one can
change your mind, except yourself. If you desire to challenge yourself, there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.”
He sat still with a deep breath. “You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason why
you show up here”, I added with a sincere tone. Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling
out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. His coach heard what
David said and gave me a look—the kind that was more determined than anyone else’s.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The race started. It seemed that the
runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a heart disease. David insisted on running
as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within the a few kilometers. It didn’t take long
before he picked himself up again and continued his mission. Classmates all appeared on the racing track, cheering
for him. “Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted enthusiastically. To everyone’s joy, he
reached the final line and ranked the 20th. It was no more important whether he won the first place or not. It was his
brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally.
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们挨着坐着，但大卫不愿看我一眼。”和第二段首句内容”我看着大卫和其他选
手一起走到起跑线上。”可知，第一段可描写作者鼓励大卫继续完成比赛，大卫经过强烈的心理斗争，最
终决定参加比赛。
②由第二段首句内容“我看着大卫和其他选手一起走到起跑线上。”可知，第二段可描写大卫开始参赛，
虽然中途遇到困难，仍然坚持到最后，完成比赛。
2.续写线索：鼓励大卫——心理变化——决定参赛——克服困难——加油助威——完成比赛
学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司
