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Unit 4 History and Traditions
Period 1 Reading and Thinking
培优层级一 基础多维巩固
维度一 语境填词
1．It's an organization that offers free (法律的) advice to people in need.
2．As is known to all, China has made great (成就) during the past decades.
3．When we entered junior high school, we had the (军事的) training.
4．The town walls were built as a (防御) against enemy.
5．We requested that the math teacher explain the (难题) again, and he gladly accepted.
6．Within group work, we are guided to voice our (个人的) opinions.
7．Lang Ping is the (最高级别的) coach of the Chinese women's national volleyball team.
8．When I entered junior high school, we had the (军事的) training.
9．Luckily, he found supporting (证据) from two other deaths linked to the cholera outbreak.
10．Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the (战役) to rid the world of hunger.
维度二 单句语法填空
1．His footprints were clearly (evidence) in the heavy dust.
2．They climbed upward along the steep cliffs (surround) the village.
3．A must is a visit to the (fascinate) Motor Museum.
4．His letter poses a number of (puzzle) questions.
5．I have to find a convenient (locate) for the shelves.
6．Let's keep to the subject, or you will get me (confuse).
7．Thousands of people gave their lives in (defend) of our country.
8．Bringing up a child alone should give you a sense of (achieve).
9．If you continue to do (legal) things, you will end up in prison sooner or later.
10．There are still millions of people (suffer) from hunger nowadays.
维度三 写作小练笔
1．保持环境清洁和无污染是使生活健康的关键步骤。（keep）
2．她吃惊地退后一步，举起双手，好像在自卫。(defence)
3．这位科学家称这一发现是该领域最令人激动的新进展。(refer)
4．著名科学家袁隆平被授予共和国勋章。(know)
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂5.剪纸有1500多年的历史，属于中国传统艺术。(belong)
维度四 短文填空
Many people are confused about the 1. (mean) of the names: the United Kingdom, Great
Britain, Britain and England. 2. (solve) this puzzle, knowing a little bit about British history will
help.
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3. (join) to the Kingdom of England,
followed by the country Scotland in 18th century. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added
to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 4. (final), in the 20th century, the
southern part of Ireland broke away 5. the UK, resulting in the full name we have
today：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， 6. means the
UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
Even though the four countries 7. (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas,
such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8. (defend), they also have
some differences. Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9. long and interesting history to explore,
which can help you understand much more about the country and 10. (it) traditions.
培优层级二 多维训练提能
一、阅读理解
A
主题语境：人与社会 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：8 min
It's been over 150 years since building work was completed on the Houses of Parliament in Westminster,
London. When it was completed, Tsar Nicholas Ⅰ， the ruler of Russia, called it “a dream in stone”．
Important buildings have been built on this site for more than 1，000 years. In the early 8th century, a church
was built that became known as the West Minster. In the 11th century it was the location of a royal residence (王室
宅邸). This was the first Palace of Westminster. The first official Parliament met there in 1295. Work on the palace
continued until 1834, when the building was destroyed by fire.
In 1835, the architect Charles Barry was picked to design the Parliament building in a style known as “Gothic
Revival”. Another architect, Augustus Pugin, helped with the inner part. The work overran and the costs rose to
three times more than planned. According to one historian it cost ￡2.3 million which in today's money is more
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂than ￡4 billion. It finally reopened in 1870.
The Houses of Parliament are once again considered to be a serious fire risk. Small fires broke out 40 times
between 2008 and 2012 and a fire safety team has to be on site. A report in 2016 said that maintaining (维修) the
building was like “trying to fill a bathtub with a thimble (顶针) while the water is flowing out of the plughole (排水
孔) at the other end”. In 2018, Parliament held discussions over its restoration and decided that its members would
have to move out of the building during its refurbishment(翻新).
The plan is for everyone to move out by 2025 when the restoration will begin. It is said that it will cost around
￡4 billion and be completed by the early 2030s. The plans include taking away all fire risks, restoring the
stonework and repairing around 4，000 windows.
1．What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A．The West Minster was a popular place for tourists.
B．The site of the Parliament building is historic.
C．Building the Parliament building took a long time.
D．People had different reasons to build a palace in Westminster.
2．What can we learn about the Parliament building?
A．It cost less than expected.
B．It was completed on time.
C．It was being rebuilt for more than 30 years.
D．It was designed by Augustus Pugin alone.
3．What is the biggest problem the Houses of Parliament face now?
A．A great fire risk.
B．No safety team.
C．A shortage of money.
D．No restoration workers.
4．How is this text mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By giving descriptions.
C．By following time order.
D．By making comparisons.
B
主题语境：人与社会 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：8 min
What can you make with only some dirt and some water? A sandcastle? Yes. How about a sixfloor building?
Surprisingly, the answer is also “yes”！ Shibam, Yemen, is home to the world's tallest mudbrick (泥砖) buildings.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂Shibam, a town of about 7，000 people, is located(位于) in central Yemen. Its history started over two
thousand years ago when traders came to the area. They wanted to buy incense (宗教礼仪用的香) to sell in
faraway countries. This was valuable business, so by 1200 CE the town was growing. Because of Shibam's location
between a riverbed and a row of mountains, the builders didn't have much space. Instead of the town growing out, it
grew up toward the sky.
Towering buildings up to 40 meters high filled the town. The walls of these buildings were completely made
of mud bricks. The floors, windows, and doors, however, were made of wood. Most of the buildings had between
five and eight floors. This made them the tallest mudbrick buildings ever known.
What happened when it rained? Luckily for the mudbrick buildings, it didn't rain very often in Shibam. But
when it did, the buildings were protected. The builders painted on thick paint. This helped keep the buildings dry in
wet weather.
The mudbrick buildings keep cool in the summer heat and the families have lots of space. They use the lower
floors for storage, and the middle floors for everyday living. The upper floors are for wives and children.
It is no surprise that Shibam is one of Yemen's top tourist spots (地点), but it has a problem now. Every year,
there are fewer people who can fix these more than 800yearold buildings. However, the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) is working with locals to protect the buildings, not
only for tourists, but also for the thousands of people who still call them home.
5．What was the main reason for Shibam's growth?
A．Many tourists came there to visit.
B．It became part of a rich country.
C．Many traders came there to do business.
D．A lot of highrise buildings were built there.
6．What can we learn about the mudbrick buildings?
A．Most reach a height of over 40 meters.
B．Most can keep dry on rainy days.
C．Most are built in the mountains.
D．Most have brick floors.
7．Which word can best describe life in the mudbrick buildings?
A．Boring. B．Interesting.
C．Dangerous. D．Comfortable.
8．What is the present situation of the old mudbrick buildings?
A．They are not used as living houses.
B．They are of little historical value.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂C．They are in danger of disappearing.
D．They are destroyed by tourists.
C
主题语境：人与社会 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：8 min
The Union Jack is the national flag of the United Kingdom. It is so called because it combines the emblems
(象征) of three countries — England, Scotland and Ireland (although since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been
part of the United Kingdom)．
The term “Union Jack” possibly dates from Queen Anne's time, but its origin is uncertain. It may come from
the “Jacket” of the English or Scottish soldiers; or from the name of James Ⅰ who originated the first union in 1603,
in either its Latin or French form “Jacobus” or “Jacques”； or, as “jack” once meant small, the name may come
from a royal proclamation (声明) issued by Charles Ⅱ that the flag should be flown only by ships of the Royal
Navy as a jack, a small flag at the bowsprit (船首)．
The Union Jack was originally a royal flag (when the present design was made official in 1801, it was ordered
to be flown on all the King's forts and castles, but not elsewhere); it is today flown above Buckingham Palace and
Windsor Castle when the Queen is not in residence. On news of a royal death, the Union Jack will be flown at half-
mast (下半旗)．
The flying of the Union Jack on public buildings is decided by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport at
the Queen's command. The Union Jack is flown on government buildings on days marking the birthdays of
members of the royal family, such as the Queen's official birthday, and on the days of the State Opening and
prorogation (休会) of Parliament; it is also flown on St David's Day, St George's Day, St Andrew's Day, and St
Patrick's Day.
Although the Union Jack originated as a royal flag, it is now also flown by many people and organizations
elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Its use as an emblem has extended beyond the form of a flag and the Union Jack
is frequently shown on other objects.
9．The reason why the national flag of the United Kingdom is called the Union Jack is that ．
A．the flag is made of jacket
B．the flag combines the emblems of three countries
C．the flag shows the symbol of unity
D．the flag originated from the existence of the United Kingdom
10．The second paragraph mainly talks about ．
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂A．the origin of the national flag
B．the history of the national flag
C．the reason why the Union Jack has become the national flag
D．the way how the Union Jack has become the national flag
11．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Once the Union Jack was not flown elsewhere except royal places.
B．The Union Jack will be flown at halfmast if a member of the royal family dies.
C．Many people and organizations can flow the Union Jack in the world.
D．The Union Jack can be flown in many places and on many days in the United Kingdom.
12．What is the best title of the passage?
A．The Union Jack Everywhere
B．The Union Jack at Anytime
C．National Flag, the Union Jack
D．The History of the Union Jack
二、阅读七选五
Ancient Rome was one of the world's most powerful empires more than 2，000 years ago. The Romans' ideas
about roads, laws, government and buildings still influence us today. Italy is shaped like a boot.
The Colosseum (圆形大剧场) in Rome was built during the time of the Roman Empire, in the first century
AD. 1 It is a popular tourist attraction today.
Italy is wellknown for its designers, who create cars, handbags, clothes, shoes and other items that are in
demand for their style and fine workmanship.
Today, the economy of Italy is stronger than in the past. 2 Today, manufacturing and tourism are the main
sources of income. There are some big companies, but Italy has many smaller companies, too.
3 The southern part does not offer as many manufacturing jobs, so it is not as prosperous.
Italy is a member of the European Union, a group of countries that join together for better trade. The currency,
or money, they use is called the “euro”．
Food and eating good meals are important to Italians. 4
Popular food includes pasta, risotto, minestrone and pizza. McDonald's is also popular there. Many families
still eat their main meal in the middle of the day. 5 Families spend a lot of time together.
A．The family is very important to the Italian way of life.
B．The country used to depend on agriculture.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂C．Mountains cover about threefourths of the country.
D．It could seat about 50，000 people, who went to see fights between animals and people.
E．While there are some supermarkets, many people shop at small, neighbourhood markets.
F．Italy has several islands off the coast.
G．The northern part of the country is the main manufacturing center.
培优层级三 真题滚动训练
一、阅读理解
（全国·高考真题）Color is a daily mystery．ROY G B．IV deals with lots of big﹣picture color questions
explaining why hams are often red and why NYC taxis are yellow．Today's question：why are Jeans blue？
First，why"jeans"？Jeans twin names﹣denim and jeans﹣come from the two European ports that supplied
two similar fabrics（织物）during the Middle Ages． Gene fustian was a cotton﹣linen﹣wool blend shipped
from genoa a silk ﹣wool blend called serge denimes shortened to denimes or denim， was shipped out of
France．Both fabrics gradually changed into similar cotton only blends by the 19th century． according to an
article titled a short history of denim y historian Lynn Downey．Both were used to make men's clothing，valued
especially for [their] properly of durability（耐久性） even after many washings"．
In 1873 Levi Strauss teamed up with Jacob Davis to produce jeans，they sold like hotcakes to Gold Rush
miners seeking a durable uniform for fortune﹣seeking Jeans rapidly came to stand for the character of the
American West﹣﹣rank， energetic， rebellions，and capitalistic．
While gold rush miners probably didn’t care about how denim looked， they cared a lot about durability，
comfort and fit，at the beginning，Straus offered his waist overalls"in two varieties brown cotton"duck"or
canvas，and blue denim﹣﹣but by 1911 they'd stopped using cotton duck entirely．As historian Downey explains
"once someone had worn a pair of denim pants experiencing its strength． and how the denim became more
comfortable with every washing he never wanted to wear duck again； because with cotton duck，you always
feel like you re wearing a tent．"
So why are jeans blue？The answer has to do with dye．Unlike most natural dyes that， when heated，
penetrate cloth fibers directly indigo（靛蓝）sticks to the cloth's threads．With each washing some of these dye
molecules are stripped away，taking bits of the threads with them．The process softens rough fabrics and
individualizes the color．This extreme customization made every pair a second skin．
1．How does the author start talking about jeans？
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂A．From the quality of the fabrics．
B．From a famous historian．
C．From their hometowns．
D．From their names．
2．Which of the following helped establish the popularity of jeans in 1873？
A．Hot cakes．
B．A durable uniform．
C．American character．
D．Gold rush．
3．What can we infer about indigo？
A．It cannot be heated．
B．It can be machine washed．
C．It doesn't stay for a long time．
D．It goes into the cloths fibers directly．
4．By saying"made every pair a second skin" in the last paragraph, the author most probably
means____________．
A．the pants were made of skin．
B．the pants fitted people well．
C．the dyes were quite natural．
D．the threads became softer and softer．
二、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2020·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___5___ ，
through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ___6___ could be hunted or gathered
from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___7___ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more
children. And，as more children were born，more food ___8___(need). Agriculture gave people their first
experience of the power of technology ___9___(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people ___10___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they
learned to work with the ___11___ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ___12___
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ___13___ rise of science，changes began.
New methods _____14_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes
have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life
that started in the Stone Age.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
