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绝密★启用前
2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（一）
（科目代码:201）
☆考生注意事项众
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指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
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写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory
and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember
] we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the
name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these
occurrences as u senior moments. " 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental
focus can potentially have a(n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and
personal 5 .
Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly
showing that there9s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain
needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7—
can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 Thinking is essentially a
9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to
10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 ,
because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe
that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.
Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed
the first 44 brain training program,, designed to actually help people improve and
regain their mental 14 .
The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory
and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides
detailed feedback _J7 _ your performance and improvement. Most importantly,
it _18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths
you are developing—much like a ( n) 20 " exercise routine requires you to
increase resistance and vary your muscle use.
英语（一）试题.1.（共14页）1. A. where B. when C. that D. why
2. A. improves B. fades - C. recovers D. collapses
3. A. If B. Unless C. Once D. While
4. A. uneven B. limited C. damaging D. obscure
5. A. wellbeing B. environment C. relationship D. outlook
6. A. turns B. finds C. points D. figures
7. A. roundabouts B. responses C. workouts D. associations
8. A. genre B. functions C. circumstances D. criterion
9. A. channel B. condition C. sequence D. process
10. A. persist B. believe C. excel D. feature
11. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Otherwise D. However
12. A. according to B. regardless of C. apart from D. instead of
13. A. back B. further C. aside D. around
14. A. sharpness B. stability C. framework D. flexibility
15. A. forces B. reminds C. hurries D. allows
16. A. hold B. track C. order D. pace
17. A. to B. with C. for D. on
18. A. irregularly B. habitually C. constantly D. unusually
19. A. carry B. put C. build D. take
20. A. risky B. effective C. idle D. familiar
Section 口 Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（一）试题.2.（共14页）Text 1
In order to " change lives for the better" and reduce “ dependency, ” George
Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work searchM
scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online
job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then
they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?
More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait
for the jobseeker's allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for
work, not looking to sign on," he claimed. "We're doing these things because
we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into
work faster. " Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned
chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms" to an
obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly
unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were
to understand, was his zeal for fundamental fairnessn—-protecting the taxpayer,
controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received
their benefits.
Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcentre with a song in
your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous
state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that
support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted ； you
are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in
your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the
bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the
answer is always: a job.
But in Osbomeland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent
dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge your
falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and
benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is
no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and
receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase
“jobseeker's allowance,, is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker” who
had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national
insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,"
conditional on actively seeking a job； no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70
a week, one of the least generous in the EU.
英语（一）试题.3.（共14页）21. George Osborne's scheme was intended to.
A. provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits
B. encourage jobseekers9 active engagement in job seeking
C. motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily
D. guarantee jobseekers9 legitimate right to benefits
22. The phrase "to sign on" (Line 3,Para. 2) most probably means
A. to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre
B. to accept the government's restrictions on the allowance
C. to register for an allowance from the government
D. to attend a governmental job-training program
23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?
A. A desire to secure a better life for all.
B. An eagerness to protect the unemployed.
C. An urge to be generous to the claimants.
D. A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.
24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel
A. uneasy
B. enraged
C. insulted
D. guilty
25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?
A. The British welfare system indulges jobseekers9 laziness.
B. Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.
C. The jobseekers9 allowance has met their actual needs.
D. Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.
英语（一）试题.4.（共14页）Text 2
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of
any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are
few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.
During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in
America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full
of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law
graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of
nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.
There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal
education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year
undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at
one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive
preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today5 s average law-school graduate
with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means
that they have to work fearsomely hard.
Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible
ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the
profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow
people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for
the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stem enough
test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do
so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by
a third.
The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership
structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may
not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow.
There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change
among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates
lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.
In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs
and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology
and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms9 efficiency.
After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing
their legal professions. America should follow.
英语（一）试题.5.（共14页）26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to.
A. the growing demand from clients
B. the increasing pressure of ipflation
C. the prospect of working in big firms
D. the attraction of financial rewards
27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American
states?
A. Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.
B. Admissions approval from the bar association.
C. Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major.
D. Receiving training by professional associations.
28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from.
A. lawyers9 and clients9 strong resistance
B. the rigid bodies governing the profession
C. the stem exam for would-be lawyers
D. non-professionals5 sharp criticism
29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive" partly because it
A. bans outsiders9 involvement in the profession
B. keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares
C. aggravates the ethical situation in the trade
D. prevents lawyers from gaining due profits
30. In this text, the author mainly discusses.
A. flawed ownership of America's law firms and its causes
B. the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America
C. a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it
D. the role of undergraduate studies in America's legal education
英语（一）试题.6.（共14页）Text 3
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails
just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many
nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but
last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames
the softening economy. urm a good economic indicator,” she says. "I provide a
service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some
dollars. " So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department
store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. al don't
know if other clients are going to abandon me, too," she says.
Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is
cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown
themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for
months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24
percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious
approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off
7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers
seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic
about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt
tightening.
Consumers say they5re not in despair because, despite the dreadful
headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding
steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush happening in the
$4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,”
says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as
frenzied overbidding quiets. "Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get
two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks
still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would
cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in
the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market
swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.
Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain
Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not4 anymore. For that, Greenspan &
Co. may still be worth toasting.
英语（一）试题.7.（共12页）31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as.
A. a symbol of the entrepreneurs9 wealth
B. a possible replacement ofdhe Nobel Prizes
C. an example of bankers9 investments
D. a handsome reward for researchers
32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit.
A. the profit-oriented scientists
B. the founders of the new awards
C. the achievement-based system
D. peer-review-led research
33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves
A. controversies over the recipients5 status
B. the joint effort of modem researchers
C. legitimate concerns over the new prizes
D. the demonstration of research findings
34. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?
A. Their endurance has done justice to them.
B. Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.
C. They are the most representative honor.
D. History has never cast doubt on them.
35. The author believes that the new awards are.
A. acceptable despite the criticism
B. harmful to the culture of research
C. subject to undesirable changes
D. unworthy of public attention
英语（一）试题.8.（共14页）Text 4
"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) , deserves praise for affirming the importance of
the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal
democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the
true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.
In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the
AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by " federal, state and
local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors
and others" to M maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific
scholarship and education. " In response, the American Academy formed the
Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51
members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business
executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and
journalism.
The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because
representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports
full literacy ； stresses the study of history and government, particularly American
history and American government ； and encourages the use of new digital
technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for
increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve
students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st
century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring
their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates
greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study
abroad programs.
Unfortunately, despite 2如 years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter”
never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our
leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades
America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the
content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.
Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use
of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing 44 progressive ； or
left-liberal propaganda.
Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and
progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative
or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside
the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.
The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for ^liberal education. Yet its report
may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that
Congress asked it to illuminate.
英语（一）试题.9.（共14页）36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author's attitude toward the AAAS's
report? .
A. Critical. ,,
B. Appreciative.
C. Contemptuous.
D. Tolerant.
37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how
to.
A. retain people's interest in liberal education
B. define the government's role in education
C. keep a leading position in liberal education
D. safeguard individuals9 rights to education
38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests.
A. an exclusive study of American history
B. a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects
C. the application of emerging technologies
D. funding for the study of foreign languages
39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are.
A. supportive of free markets
B. cautious about intellectual investigation
C. conservative about public policy
D. biased against classical liberal ideas
40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”
B. Illiberal Education and “ The Heart of the Matter”
C. The AAAS's Contribution to Liberal Education
D. Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education
英语（一）试题.10.（共14页）Part B
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you
are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from
the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E
have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
(10 points)
A. Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example,
the Parthenon in Athens, Greece ； the pyramids of Giza in Egypt ； and the
megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions
to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful
searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai
Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter
who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts
came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
B. In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill
spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the
Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD
600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The
researchers mapped not only the city's vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but
also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
C. How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when
there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey
and sample ( make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine
where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples
have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that
contain archaeological sites.
D. Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one
case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan,
Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual
dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The
resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural
population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850,
when Copan collapsed.
英语（一）试题.11.（共14页）E. To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey
methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne
technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment
carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what
lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas
of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.
F. Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have
set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist
Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun
existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the
Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the
late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers'
stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed
to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to
1200s BC. Evans's interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to
find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosos) , on the island of Crete, in 1900.
G. Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will
be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for
surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a
certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points
across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using
such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal
detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the
landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools
in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the
results of archaeological research.
英语（一）试题.12.（共14页）Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
(10 points)
Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different
things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic,
philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view,
have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical ；
but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it
is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical
means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try
to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and
not grasp music itself.
Beethoven's importance in music has been principally defined by the
revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing
conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to
break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as
in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the
weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a
courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let
alone the performance, of his works.
This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of
Beethoven's music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for
example in the use of dynamics. (48 ) Bxathoven's habit of increasing the
volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft
passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He
was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral
behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.
(49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated
with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of
thought and of personal expression.
Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an
imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or
ignoring the disorders that plague our existence ； order is a necessary development,
an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by
chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony,
but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could
interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable,
but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.
英语（一）试题.13.（共14页）Section DI Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university,
suggesting how to improve students9 physical condition.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your
essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) interpret its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
2014年考研英语（-）真题答案速查表交艺：
1 ~5 ABDCA 6 ~ 10 ACBDC 11 ~ 15 DABAD 16 ~20 BDCCB 21 ~25 BCDAD
26 -30 DCBAC 31 ~35 DBBAA 36 ~40 ACCDB 41 ~45 CFGDB
46. 这也解释了为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时,最多只能清楚地表达自己的感
受，而无法领会音乐本身。
47. 总而言之，贝多芬是个思想自由且勇敢无畏的人，而且我认为勇气是理解——更是演
奏一一其作品必不可少的品质。
48. 贝多芬习惯以极强的力度来提高音量，随后突然转为轻柔的乐段，在他之前很少有作
曲家这样做。
49. 极具重要意义的是他的自由观，对他而言，自由与个人的权利和责任息息相关:他倡
导思想自由和个人言论自由。
50. 我们可以这样解读贝多芬的诸多作品:苦难是不可避免的，但是与苦难抗争的勇气使
生活有了意义。
英语（一）试题.14.（共14页）小马扎形象推广大1吏
小马扎，和闪过更配哦!
考研词汇用闪过
-划重点,省时间!
