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绝密★启用前
2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
☆考生注意事项众
1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡
指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
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条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由
考生自负。
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须
书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在
草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂
写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn't always better. A number of studies have ] that normal
weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who
are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is
actually 2 For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium
deficiency than thin women. 3 , among the elderly, being somewhat
overweight is often an 4 of good health.
Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to
define. It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 body
mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often
considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30
is considered obese. Obesity, 8 , can be divided into moderately obese,
severely obese, and very severely obese.
While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably
less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact
extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 . For
example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese,
though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame
may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.
Today we have a(n) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight
are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16
with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success.
Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases
against the obese. 17 very young children tend to look down on the
overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
Negative attitudes toward obesity, 18 in health concerns, have
stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 . My own hospital system has banned
sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and
fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign
20 childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national
security threat.
英语（二）试题.1.（共14页）1. A. denied B. concluded C. doubted D. ensured
2. A. protective B. dangerous C. sufficient D. troublesome
3. A. Instead B. However C. Likewise D. Therefore
4. A. indicator B. objective C. origin D. example
5. A. impact B. relevance C. assistance D. concern
6. A. in terms of B. in case of C. in favor of D. in respects of
7. A. measures B. determines C. equals D. modifies
8. A. in essence B. in contrast C. in turn D. in part
9. A. complicated B. conservative C. variable D. straightforward
10. A. so B. while C. since D. unless
11. A. shape B. spirit C. balance D. taste
12. A. start B. qualify C. retire D. stay
13. A. strange B. changeable C. normal D. constant
14. A. option B. reason C. opportunity D. tendency
15. A. employed B. pictured C. imitated D. monitored
16. A. compared B. combined C. settled D. associated
17. A. Even B. Still C. Yet D.Only
18. A. despised B. corrected C. ignored D. grounded
19. A. discussions B. businesses C. policies D. studies
20. A. for B. against C. with D. without
Section □ Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（二）试题.2.（共14页）Text 1
What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,
an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in
Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her
new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfilment, she could do worse than
read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most
rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth
often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these
material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes
old-hat ； regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms
Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the
cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or
memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery
winners get the most “ happiness bang for your buck. " It seems most people
would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more
time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the
average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly
jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than
purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are
consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald's restricts the
availability of its popular McRib一a marketing trick that has turned the pork
sandwich into an object of obsession.
Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfilment,
not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries
are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling goou
and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the
world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not
everyone will agree with the authors9 policy ideas, which range from mandating
more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most
people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
英语（二）试题.3.（共14页）21. According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding
purchase?
A. A big house.
B. A special tour.
C. A stylish car.
D. A rich meal.
22. The author's attitude toward Americans? watching TV is.
A. critical
B. supportive
C. sympathetic
D. ambiguous
23. McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that.
A. consumers are sometimes irrational
B. popularity usually comes after quality
C. marketing tricks are often effective
D. rarity generally increases pleasure
24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money.
A. has left much room for readers9 criticism
B. may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
C. has predicted a wider income gap in the US
D. may give its readers a sense of achievement
25. This text mainly discusses how to.
A. balance feeling good and spending money
B. spend large sums of money won in lotteries
C. obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
D. become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
英语（二）试题.4.（共14页）Text 2
An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says
that, actually, you think you're more beautiful than you are. We have a
deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number
of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this. Social psychologists have amassed
oceans of research into what they call the “ above average effect,or “ illusory
superiority,n and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above
average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85 % at getting on well with others—
all obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.
We become defensive when criticised, and apply negative stereotypes to others to
boost our own esteem. We stalk around thinking we're hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioural scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study
into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate
their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph
of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more
and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological
process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious
deliberation. n If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which
most did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.
Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any
evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who
thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make
up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up
the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed
other markers for having higher self-esteem. "I don't think the findings that we
have are any evidence of personal delusion,says Epley. "It's a reflection
simply of people generally thinking well of themselves. " If you are depressed,
you won't be self-enhancing.
Knowing the results of Epley9 s study, it makes sense that many people hate
photographs of themselves so viscerally一on one level, they don't even recognise
the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer's
paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of
their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. It's not that people's profiles
are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “but they
portray an idealised version of themselves. n
英语（二）试题.5.（共14页）26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that.
A. our self-ratings are unrealistically high
B. illusory superiority is a baseless effect
C. our need for leadership is unnatural
D. self-enhancing strategies are ineffective
27. Visual recognition is believed to be people's・
A. rapid matching
B. conscious choice
C. intuitive response
D. automatic self-defence
28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to.
A. underestimate their insecurities
B. believe in their attractiveness
C. cover up their depressions
D. oversimplify their illusions
29. The word “viscerally" (Line 2, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to.
A. instinctively
B. occasionally
C. particularly
D. aggressively
30. It can be inferred that Facebook is a self-enhancer's paradise because people
can.
A. present their dishonest profiles
B. define their traditional lifestyles
C. share their intellectual pursuits
D. withhold their unflattering sides
英语（二）试题.6.（共14页）Text 3
The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,
but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and
fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now
simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have
gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an
insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to
restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.
When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of
technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly
become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success
of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew
McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.
This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author
of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the
reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.
Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U. S. that tend to be utightly scripted”
and u highly standardizedn ones that leave no room for u individual initiative or
creativity. " In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much
better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the
backs of American workers, Hagel says.
It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are
still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly
changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can
take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events."
That's not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very
predictable activities.
As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in
their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the
machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can
augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really
about technology, but rather, “ how do we innovate our institutions and our work
practices
英语（二）试题.7.（共14页）31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would.
A. ease the competition of man vs. machine
B. highlight machines5 threat to human jobs
C. provoke a painful technological revolution
D. outmode our current economic structure
32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that.
A. technology is diminishing man's job opportunities
B. automation is accelerating technological development
C. certain jobs will remain intact after automation
D. man will finally win the race against machine
33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U. S. are often.
A. performed by innovative minds
B. scripted with an individual style
C. standardized without a clear target
D. designed against human creativity
34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed
A. the predictability of machine behavior in practice
B. the formula for how work is conducted efficiently
C. the ways machines replace human labor in modern times
D. the necessity of human involvement in the workplace
35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?
A. How to Innovate Our Work Practices?
B. Machines Will Replace Human Labor
C. Can We Win the Race Against Machines?
D. Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations
英语（二）试题.8.（共14页）Text 4
When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy
the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is
seldom mentioned.
Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.
We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute
to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is
hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it
is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most
significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.
Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists
increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.
The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government
to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some
steps to address our urgent housing need.
There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The
communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor
of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount
that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows
that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were
lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.
Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental
environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered
providers to fund new developments from revenues.
But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be
welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4. 5bn
programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is
unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced
that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if it returns to power.
The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era
of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.
While the government's commitment to long-term funding may have changed,
the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.
英语（二）试题.9.（共14页）36. The author believes that the housing sector.
A. has attracted much attention
B. involves certain political factors
C. shoulders too much responsibility
D. has lost its real value in economy
37. It can be learned that affordable housing has.
A. increased its home supply
B. offered spending opportunities
C. suffered government biases
D. disappointed the government
38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may.
A. allow greater government debt for housing
B. stop local authorities from building homes
C. prepare to reduce housing stock debt
D. release a lifted GDP growth forecast
39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would
A. lower the costs of registered providers
B. lessen the impact of government interference
C. contribute to funding new developments
D. relieve the ministers of responsibilities
40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may
A. implement more policies to support housing
B. review the need for large-scale public grants
C. renew the affordable housing grants programme
D. stop generous funding to the housing sector
英语（二）试题,10.（共14页）Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column
to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices
in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art
was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action
Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the
studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the
physical substance of the land itself as their medium.
The British land art, typified by Richard Long's piece, was not only more
domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed,
while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Ait would consist only of records
of works rather than the works themselves, Long's photograph of his work is the
work. Since his “action" is in the past, the photograph is its sole embodiment.
That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition
that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural
objects.
Long is Britain's best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring
of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents
the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand,
stand for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills
and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on
gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is
one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises
most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.
Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard's very
funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a
pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be
different parts of the same photograph.
Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns,
gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as
英语（二）试题.11.（共14页）the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn't apparent at
the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the
likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman's yellow-
tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the
Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching
from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.
In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can't help feeling that the Scottish artist
has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such
as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on
an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British
Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition
wasn't about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated
light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great
outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and
Constable.
A. originates from a long walk that the artist took.
B. illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light
41. Stone Circle
conceptual art.
C. reminds people of the English landscape painting
42. Olaf Street Study
tradition.
43. Across the Park D. represents the elegance of the British land art.
44. Towards Avebury E. depicts the ordinary side of the British land art.
F. embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish
45. Seven Days
outdoors.
G.contains images from different parts of the same
photograph.
英语（二）试题.12.（共14页）Section HI Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER
SHEET. (15 points)
Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass
that's perpetually half full. But that's exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that
positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. Healthy optimism means being in
touch with reality,says Tai Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to
Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that
happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down—says,
after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds
himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner ； some will be less effective
than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning
lessons for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finally, there is
perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one
lecture really doesn't matter.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a
local student. Write him an email to
1) tell him about your living habits, and
2) ask for advice about living there.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming" instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
英语（二）试题.13.（共14页）Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
20年间中国城镇人口与乡村人口变化图
2014年考研英语（二）真题答案速查表
1 ~ 5 BACAD 6〜10 ACCDB 11 ~15 ABCDB
16 〜20 DADCB 21 〜25 BADBC 26 〜30 ACBAD
31 〜35 BADDC 36 〜40 BCACD 41 ~45 DEGCA
Section DI Translation
在大多数人眼中，乐观意味着无尽的快乐，乐观的人总能看到杯子里还装着半杯水。但
这恰恰是一种虚假的快乐，积极心理学家并不推崇。哈佛大学教授泰勒-本-沙哈尔说，“健
康的乐观应切合实际。”他认为，现实的乐观主义者会充分利用所发生的事情,而不是相信事
事都会顺利。
本-沙哈尔常常会使用让人变得乐观的三步练习法。当他情绪低落时——比如，在做了
一次糟糕的演讲后一一他会先宽慰自己，这是人之常情。他提醒自己，不是每次演讲都有获
诺贝尔奖的水准，有些演讲的效果是不如其他演讲的。下一步是回顾。他会分析发挥欠缺的
演讲，为以后汲取有用的经验和失败的教训。最后,要拥有这样一种观念，即承认在人生的宏
伟蓝图中，一次演讲真的微不足道。
英语（二）试题.14.（共14页）故事情节纯属虚构，仅为逗您一乐，不要“入戏”哦！
不孤单的夜归人~
| “闪过”一夜归人的词汇书标配！ |
收词全,还划重点
背单词就是快!
