文档内容
考点 1 阅读理解之文章主旨
Part 1 题型详解：
文章大意考点是高考中的必考点。一篇文章作者一定在表达或传递他的思想，因此，每篇文章一定有
它的中心思想。预测在2024高考中，文章大意题会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
文章标题考点是高考中的必考点。标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是
段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把
握作者的观点和意图。
Part 2 常见设问方式：
Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
What is /may be the best title for the text?
What is the text/passage mainly about?
Part 3 常见干扰项设置方式：
1. 过度推理，概括面太大，超出文章的话题讲述范围。
2. 以偏概全，以某一段的段落大意当作文本的文章大意。
3. 选项没有完全匹配文章主题，只是有部分匹配。
Part 4 解题方法指导:
1. 两首一尾：关注文本的首段、尾段及各段的段首。
2. 转折后是主题：关注表示否定的逻辑关系词，如 but, however, yet, while, nevertheless等，对这些具有特
殊意义的词要格外警觉，提高敏锐度。
3. 递进后是主题：常见的递进additionally, meanwhile, besides, furthermore等词后也是作者重点要传递的主
题
4. 事例/疑问导入：在实验、研究、调查等前后出现的关键性、论述性句子可能为文章主题；文章首段提
出的问题就是文章要讨论和解决的问题，其后对问题的回答及解决，就是主题所在。
Part 5 真题检测
2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.
And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at
four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and
healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food
restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of
soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil
testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year,
students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say
they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that
they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming
effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”
she says, “and they feel successful.”
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Rescuing School Gardens B．Experiencing Country Life
C．Growing Vegetable Lovers D．Changing Local Landscape
2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my
parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned
a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out
how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days
later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to
carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my
own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able
to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a
bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but
you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment
on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on
board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to get on well with other family members. B．How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D．How to control the budget when buying groceries.
2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grownrapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a
lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be
installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought
to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control
weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation
and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and
contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the
easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness
guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a
shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-
friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
12．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development
2023年北京卷英语真题
What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we
know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-
called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these
practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,
such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such
complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of
a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial
life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life
could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both
fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create
essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s
biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same
principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is
a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help
either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife
mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the
evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.
Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may
be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all
acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps,
just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.
16．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out? B．Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?
C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day? D．Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife
Evolve, Too?
2022年全国乙卷英语真题
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in
the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施)
worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
20．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
2022年全国甲卷英语真题As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just
rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
24．What is the text mainly about?
A．A childhood dream. B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world. D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried
a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to
an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for thestate's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to
be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
28．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B．Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C．New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D．The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
2022年北京卷英语真题
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on
how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had
exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone
who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies
have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum
machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is
the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep.
“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing
researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have
gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about
PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful”
quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”
He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what
we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just
as I trust Johnson.
32．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being? D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to ItsHype?
2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.
New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to
develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are
exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could
delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to
measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103
watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were
in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80
watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other
cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of
the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent
of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only
shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of
dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a
relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be
applicable to other groups.
36．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More
Exercise
C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia D．Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular
Fitness
2021年全国乙卷英语真题
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean
ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong
wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine
their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic
pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of
their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came
from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to
disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s
worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers
collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒)
from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
40．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
2021年新高考I卷英语真题
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck
Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des
Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
44．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
2021年全国甲卷英语真题
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:
Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet
afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer:
absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see
flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like
gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from
those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the
world.”
48．What is the best title for the text?
A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms
C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck
2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash
to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom
revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the
arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've
seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and
their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact
with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to
see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not
just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our
visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
52．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Bring Artists to Schools B．When Historians Meet Artists
C．Arts Education in Britain D．The World's Best Arts Teacher
2021年浙江卷英语真题（7月）
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where
neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any
screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a
day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will
be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into
the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let
us get them out and let them play.
56．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Let Children Have Fun B．Young Children Need More Free Time
C．Market Nature to Children D．David Bond: A Role Model for Children
2021年浙江省英语高考真题（1月份）
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to
communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66
gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more
than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.
“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human
language in that respect.”Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This
was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on
to its mothers back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物
种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. ”
60．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough B．Chimpanzees developed specific
communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
