文档内容
考点 9 阅读理解之推理判断
Part 1 题型详解：
推理判断考点是高考中的必考点。推理判断题的答案不是文章中直接找到的事实，而是通过分析文章
细节推理判断出的答案。预测在2024高考中，推理推断会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
Part 2 常见设问方式：
What can be inferred from ...?
What can you learn from...?
What can we imply from ...?
Part 3 常见干扰项设置方式：
1. 过度推理
2. 以偏概全
3. 照搬原文
Part 4 解题方法指导:
1. 直接照搬原文的选项通常是错的，不符合推理判断的命题原则
2. 关注同义词的替换，完成题干，文本和选项的完全匹配。
3. 部分类型的推理判断题如What can you learn from...?基本是对文本细节的改写，做题技巧和细节题一
样
Part 5 真题检测
2023年北京卷英语真题
In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in
industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the
world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues
that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of
the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.
It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the
moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In
business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it
translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference
tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our
psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but
there are others. One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the
future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global
warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual
biodiversity decline.
As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they
would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of
collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of
the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long
drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.
2．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Climate change has been forgotten.
B．Lessons of history are highly valued.
C．The human mind is bad at noting slow change.
D．Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.
2023年北京卷英语真题
What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we
know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-
called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these
practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,
such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such
complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of
a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial
life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life
could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both
fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create
essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s
biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same
principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.
Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is
a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help
either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife
mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the
evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.
Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may
be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all
acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps,
just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.6．What can we learn from this passage?
A．ALife holds the key to human future. B．ALife and AI share a common feature.
C．AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D．AI speeds up the process of human evolution.
2023年全国甲卷英语真题
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the
American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around
the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same:
a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As
grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly
being sighted by humans.
The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or
more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by
settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,
grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the
US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and
allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies
remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm
animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and
campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other
farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free
place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who
manages bears in and around Missoula.
11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
2023年全国乙卷英语真题
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,
mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find
distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours
away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to thecountryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the
right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed
plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英)
rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to
photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We
managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the
route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting
lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
14．What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?
A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B．They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C．They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D．They had problems with their equipment.
2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved
problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes
people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge ( 污泥). First, he
constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and
streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these
different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the
sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated
sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in
Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for
the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let thesenew systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
16．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.
2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.
And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at
four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and
healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food
restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of
soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil
testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year,
students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say
they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that
they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming
effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”
she says, “and they feel successful.”
20．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?
A．She used to be a health worker. B．She grew up in a low-income family.
C．She owns a fast food restaurant. D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at
beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge
of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a
workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior
author of the study.
26．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C．The same nature experience takes different forms.
D．The nature language enhances work performance.
2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my
parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned
a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out
how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days
later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to
carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my
own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able
to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a
bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but
you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment
on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on
board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
30．What can we infer about the author?
A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy.
C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person.2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public
debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa
Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the
least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program
specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols
mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work
with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What
matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they
mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the
content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in
society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from
machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates
and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
35．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B．The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C．Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds
and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are
appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to
nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small
packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went
on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching
Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that theprocess begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban
areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing
disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and
without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种).
This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they
attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding,
remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those
living locally.
36．What do we know about the Tiny Forest movement?
A．It has achieved notable success. B．It is led by number of schools.
C．It began in Europe in the 1970s. D．It will spread to the countryside.
2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that
moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a
new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those
who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways
of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job
performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many
workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who
chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value
relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art
Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift
mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly
unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also,
there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when
people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
41．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B．Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C．A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D．Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
2022年北京卷英语真题
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to doanything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that
faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which
obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation
not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a
pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-
on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that
this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and
more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth
for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to
completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect
nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 )
this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so
many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every
opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our
action.
46．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Practice makes perfect. B．Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C．Action is worry’s worst enemy. D．Everything comes to those who wait.
2022年北京卷英语真题
“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her
students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—
and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to
scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known
as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires
considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those
things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems
thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need
to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they
need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良
)people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in
food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common
diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist ofat least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to
travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking - which,in this example, is to identify more
constituent parts of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal
power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正 ) such
power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems
approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their
direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results,
but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
48．What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?
A．The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B．The relationships among players have been clarified.
C．Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D．The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t
even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the
page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce
audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
53．What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A．He lacks experience in his job. B．He seldom appears on television.C．He manages a video department. D．He often interviews internet stars.
2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
57．What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A．It is well received. B．It needs to be more creative.
C．It is highly profitable. D．It takes ages to see the results.
2022年全国乙卷英语真题
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:
The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and
Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
59．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.
2022年全国甲卷英语真题
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor.
Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb
beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole
morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went
our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not
fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are
increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,
Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she
said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that
we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a
thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me.
“What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the
Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a
drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
63．What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A．He goes to work by boat. B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well. D．He is attached to the old ferries.2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was
born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had
worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while
driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver
agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide
to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth’s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet
with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy
flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when
she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high
school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed
a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn’t work in
summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes,
she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, “When
I am on the road, I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I
must help animals.”
68．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A．She has chances to see rare animals.
B．She works hard throughout the year.
C．She relies on herself the whole time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has
long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world.
Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a
century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modern America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords
they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edisonperfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New
York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon
became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long
narrative into an interesting one.
70．What can be inferred about Ned?
A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many increasing stories,
C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.
New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to
develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are
exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could
delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to
measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103
watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were
in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80
watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other
cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of
the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent
of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only
shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of
dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a
relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be
applicable to other groups.
74．What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B．Data collection was a lengthy process.
C．Some participants withdrew from it.
D．The results were far from satisfactory.
