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八年级上册词语辨析
1. anywhere 与somewhere
anywhere 意为“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。
I can’t find it anywhere.
somewhere 意为“在某处，到某处”，常用于肯定句中。
I lost my key somewhere near here.
2. quite a few 与 quite a little
quite a few “相当多；不少”，修饰可数名词的复数。
He will stay here for quite a few days.
quite a little “许多，相当多”，修饰不可数名词。
There is quite a little water in the bottle.
3. too many, too much 与 much too
too many “太多”，后接可数名词复数。
Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.
too much “太多”，修饰不可数名词，还可修饰动词作状语。
We have too much work to do.
Don’t talk too much.
much too “太”，修饰形容词或副词。
The hat is much too big for me.
You’re walking much too fast.
4. because of 与 because
because of “因为，由于”，后可跟名词、代词、动名词或相当于名词的短语，不能接句子。
He lost his job because of his age.
because “因为”，连词，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。
I didn’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.
5. bring 与 take
bring “带来，拿来”，指从别人处带来到说话者所在地。
Don’t forget to bring your homework here tomorrow.
take “带走，拿走”，指从说话者所在地带到别处去。
We’ll take the students to the museum.
6. bored 与 boring
bored “厌倦的；烦闷的；感到无聊的”，一般在句中修饰人，作表语。
I’m bored with what he said.
boring “无趣的；令人厌烦的；单调的”，一般在句中修饰事或物，可作表语和定语。
I find the story very boring.
7. excited 与exciting
excited “感到兴奋的，激动的”，常作表语，主语常为人。
1Sarah was excited to see the singer.
exciting “令人兴奋的，使人激动的”，可作定语和表语，作定语时主语通常为物。
He told me the exciting news.
8. relaxed 与 relaxing
relaxed “放松的”，常用于描述人。
Relaxing “轻松的；令人放松的”，常用于描述物。
Tom looks relaxed after a relaxing vacation.
9. interested 与 interesting
interested “感兴趣的”，常用于be/became interested in 结构，主语是人。
interesting “令人感兴趣的”，可用作表语，主语是事物。
This film is very interesting so I’m interested in it.
10. surprised , surprising 与 surprise
surprised 形容词，“感到惊奇的”，主语常为人。
We are surprised to learn that she is sixty years old.
surprising 形容词，“令人惊讶的”，主语通常是物。
The news was surprising.
surprise 名词，“惊讶，惊奇”
To our surprise, he passed the exam.
动词，“使惊奇，使感到意外”
It surprised me to see so many people there.
11. try doing sth. 与 try to do sth.
try doing sth. “尝试着做某事”，表示一种尝试，做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力。
I tried calling him, but no one answered.
try to do sth. “尽力，设法去做某事”，表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成，强调付出一定
的努力设法去完成。
I’m trying to learn English well.
12. forget doing sth. 与 forget to do sth.
forget doing sth. “忘记做过某事”（事情已经做过了）
I forget closing the window.
forget to do sth. “忘记要做某事” (事情还没做)
Don’t forget to close the window.
13. stop doing sth. 与 stop to do sth.
stop doing sth. “停止做某事”
We stop eating.
stop to do sth. “停下来去做另外一件事”
We stop to eat.
14. remember doing sth. 与 remember to do sth.
2remember doing sth. “记得做过某事”（事情已做）
Well, I remember meeting you in Beijing.
remember to do sth. “记住做某事”（事情没有做）
Remember to close the window when you leave the room.
15. be afraid of doing sth. 与 be afraid to do sth
be afraid of doing sth. “担心或害怕出现某种后果”
be afraid to do sth. “因害怕而不敢做某事”
16. sometimes, sometime, some times 与some time
sometimes “有时”，频度副词，表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位
于句首，句中或句末。
Sometimes I get up very late.
sometime “某个时候”，副词，表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，
对它提问用when.
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week.
some times “几次，几倍”，名词短语，其中time是可数名词，对它提问用How many
times.
I have read the story some times.
some time “一段时间”，名词短语，表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动
词，对它提问用How long.
I’ll stay here for some time.
助记：分开“一段时间（some time）”, 相聚为“某时（sometime）”，“有时”相聚加-s
（sometimes），“几次”分开带-s（some times）
17. hardly 与 hard 副词
hardly “几乎不”，一般位于动词之前。
He hardly works.
hard “努力”，位于动词之后。
He works hard.
18. how often, how long, how far, how much, how many 与 how old
how often “多久一次”，用来提问动作发生的频率。
How often do you exercise?
how long “多长”，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?
How long is it the ruler?
how far “多远”，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。
How far is it from here to the park?
how much “多少”，用来询问价格，也可对不可数名词提问。
How much is the ruler?
How much water is there in the bottle?
how many “多少”，提问数量，后接可数名词复数。
How many books do you have?
3how old “几岁”，对年龄提问。
How old are you?
19. use 与with “用”
use 动词，在句中作谓语，表示用途。
I use the pen to write.
with 介词，在句中作状语，表示方式。
I write with a pen.
20. maybe 与may be
maybe “或许，大概，可能”，副词，作状语。
Maybe you are right.
may be “可能是”属“情态动词+be动词”结构。
You may be right.
21. stay up late 与 stay up
stay up late “熬夜到很晚；迟睡”
Don’t stay up late next time.
stay up “熬夜；不睡觉”
He stayed up all night to write his story.
22. go to bed 与 go to sleep
go to bed “上床睡觉”，强调动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。
I went to bed at eleven last night.
go to sleep “入睡；睡着；进入梦乡”
She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.
23. however 与but
however “然而；可是”，既可以作副词，也可以作连词，不能直接连接两个分句，必须另
起新句，用逗号隔开，表示的一种补充关系。
It began to rain, however, we went out to look for the boy.
but “可是”，一般作连词，可连接前后两个分句，意义上表示的是一种转折关系。
It is sunny morning, but very cold.
24. be good for, be good at与 be good with
be good for “对......有益”
Doing morning exercises is good for you.
be good at “擅长”,后接名词、代词或动名词。
I’m good at (playing) basketball.
be good with “和......相处很好”
Are you good with children?
25. hard-working, hard work与 work hard
hard-working “勤勉的，努力工作的”，形容词
4He is a hard-working boy.
hard work “辛勤的工作”，名词短语，hard是形容词，修饰不可数名词work.
What hard work it is!
work hard “努力工作”，动词短语，hard是副词，修饰动词work.
He always works hard.
26. win 与beat
win “赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等等。
He won the basketball game.
beat “打赢；战胜”，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。
Li Lei is the runners in the 100-meter race.
27.laugh 与 smile
laugh “出声地（大）笑”，不但有面部表情，而且还有声音。Laugh at...意为“嘲笑......；
因......而发笑”。
We laugh at his jokes.
smile “无声地微笑”，指的是面部表情。Smile at...意为“向......微笑”。
He smiled at me.
28. both 与 all
both 表示“两者都”
His parents are both teachers.
all 表示“三者或者三者以上都”
Three students are flying kites, they are all in Class 1Grade 8.
29. The other, the others, other, others与 another
the other 表示“特指两个或两部分中的另一个或另一部分”，后接单数名词或复数名词。
表示两个中的“一个......又一个......”时，常用的结构是“one...the other...”
He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.
the others 特指某一范围内的“其它的（人或物）”，是the other 的复数形式。相当于
the other+复数名词。
You tao stay here, the others go with me.
other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。
We learn Chinese, Math, English and other subjects.
others 作代词，泛指“其它的人或物”
Some students are doing homework, others are talking loudly.
another 泛指同类事物中一三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名
词。
I don’t like this one, please show me another.
30. reach, get to与arrive “到达某地”
reach 及物动词，后面直接接宾语。
They reached Hangzhou yesterday.
get to 后接地点名词，如果接there, here 或home等地点副词，to必须省略。
5How did you get to the station?
arrive 不及物动词，后接地点名词时必须加介词at或in，到达国家、城市等大的地方用
in，到达学校、商店等小的地方用at。接there, here 或home等地点副词时不用介词in或at。
I arrive at the company three hours ago.
31. seat 与sit
seat 及物动词，主语是人时，意为“使坐下；使就座”，宾语通常为反身代词；主语是处
所时，意为“有......座位，可容纳......座位”。
He seated himself at the desk.
The room can seat forty people.
sit 通常作不及物动词，主语通常是人。
May I sit here?
32. hope 与wish “希望”
hope 指对现实某一愿望有信心，把握。
I hope to see you next week.
wish 常指难以实现或不能实现的愿望。
I wish I could have a new car.
33. happen 与 take place
happen 意为“发生；碰巧”，一般用于偶然性或突发性事件。
What happened to you?
I happened to see my old friend on my way home.
take place “发生；举行”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有
某种原因或事先安排。
Great changes have taken place in China.
The meeting will take place next Friday.
34. one day 与 some day
one day “有一天”，表示过去的某一天，也可以用于表示将来的某一天。
One day I met my Chinese teacher on the street.
I hope that one day skipping (跳绳) will be an event of the Olympic Games.
some day “某一天”，表示将来的有一天或日后的某一天，在表示将来的某一天时可以
和one day 互换使用。
Some day (One day) I will catch up with you.
I will go to see you some day.
35. be famous for, be famous as 与 be famous to
be famous for “因为......而出名”，后接闻名的原因，与be known for 同义。
This place is famous for its cotton (棉花).
be famous as “作为......而闻名”，后接表示职位名称的词，与be known as 同义。
Jet Li is famous as great actor in the world.
be famous to “为......所熟知”，后接某部分人。
This singer is famous to lots of old people.
636. such as 与 for example “例如”
such as 用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。
Some of the European languages come from Latin, such as French and
Spanish.
for example 一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于
句首，句中，句末。
He, for example, is a good student.
37. when 与 while “当......时候”
when 表示“当......时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when引导时间状语从句中有动
词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。
When the teacher came in, the children were talking.
while 仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生。
while还可以作并列连词，意为“而；却”，表示对比关系。
Lisa was singing while her mother was playing the piano.
38. every day 与 everyday
every day “每天”，副词短语，在从句中作状语，一般位于句首或句末。
He reads books every day.
everyday “每天的”，形容词，在句中作定语，一般位于名词前面。
This is our everyday homework.
39. keep on doing 与 keep doing
keep on doing 表示动作的反复
The old man kept on coming to offer us hot water.
keep doing 表示动作或状态的持续。
He kept standing there for an hour without moving.
40. sound, noise与 voice
sound “声音”，泛指自然界的一切声音。
Sound goes more slowly than light.
noise “噪音”，指不悦耳，不和谐的声音。
The noise kept me awake.
voice “噪音”，指说话声、歌声、笑声等。
I didn’t recognize (听出) my mother’s voice on the phone.
41. common 与 usual
common 用于物，指“不稀奇，很平常”；用于人，指“没有职位；不高贵”。
He wasn’t a hero but just a common man.
usual 指“经常的，惯用的”，强调习惯性的，符合规章制度的或一贯如此的。
Playing chess is his usual pastime(打发时间).
42. every 与 each
every 形容词，指三者或三者以上范围中的“每一个”，侧重总体，不给单独使用。
7Every teacher knows her.
each 形容词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，侧重个体。
There are lots of trees on each side of the road.
代词，可作主语或宾语，其后可跟介词of.
Each of us has a dictionary.
43. in 与 after
in 用来表示以现在为起点的将来某一段，后接时间段，用将来时。
We will be back in two days.
after 既可接时间点，又可接时间段，用于将来时或过去时。
He will be back after three o’clock.
44. about 与 on
about 常用在口语中，表示的内容较普通，不太正式。
Have you read stories about Lei Feng?
on 常用在书面语中，表示严肃的或学术性的问题。
She has a lot of books on history of China.
45. have to 与 must
have to “不得不；必须”，强调客观、外界的原因，有人称、数和时态的变化，进行句式
转换时要借助动词do/does/did.
Does your mother have to get up early?
must “必须”，强调主观原因，must是情态动词，没有人称、数的变化，回答must引导的
一般疑问句要用must或needn’t.
---Must you go now?
---Yes, I must. / No, I needn’t.
46. on the earth 与 on earth
on the earth “在地球上”，用作地点状语，位于句首或句末。
All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.
on earth “究竟，到底”，用于疑问代词或副词后，以加强语气。
What on earth do you mean?
47. plant 与 grow
plant “种植”，一般指“栽入土中”，即“栽上”或“种下”，是一种涉及时间较短的
动作或活动。
Don’t plant the flowers before mid-April.
grow “种植”，包含“种下”及以后培育的过程，涉及时间较长，可看作是一种过程或
状态。
My uncle’s job is to grow flowers.
48. human, person, people 与 man
human 指包括男人、女人、孩子的“人，人类”，指有别于动物、自然景物、机器等的特
殊群体，也可以指具体的“人”。
8He was the only human on the island.
person 无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。
There are only three persons in the room.
people 泛指“人们”，表示复数形式。
There are many people there.
man 前不带冠词且单独使用时，泛指“男人”，a man可指“一个人”，也可以指“一
个男子汉”。Man的复数形式为men.
Man is stronger than woman.
49. already 与 yet
already 多用于肯定句中，用于疑问句时表示惊讶和意料之外。
He has already left.
yet 用于否定句和疑问句中。
Has he finished the work yet?
50. be able to 与can
两者均可以表示“能力”，差别不太大，其后均跟动词原形。一般情况下，两者可互换，
但它们有如下区别：
be able to 有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态，表示经过努力而成功做成某事。
He is able to do great things.
can 没有人称和数的变化，只有现在式（can）和过去式（could）两种形式，can还可以表
示请求、允许和推测，be able to 没有此用法。
The bus can carry 60 passengers.
51. look for 与find
look for 意为“寻找”，强调主观动作，即“找”的过程和动作。
find 意为“找到”，强调客观结果，即“找”的结果。
We are looking for Millie, but we can’t find her.
52. probably, maybe 与 perhaps
probably 常用于句中，maybe 相当于perhaps, 常用于句首。另外probably比maybe和
perhaps表达的可能性大。
He will probably come tomorrow.
Maybe / Perhaps you are right.
53. during, for 与 in
during 在说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用during.
We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday.
for 某事持续多久。
I’ve been here for two days.
in 某事具体发生的时间。
They usually leave school in July.
54. turn on 与open
9turn on “打开，接通（电源等） ”，通常指打开水龙头、电灯、电视等电器的开关，其对
应短语是turn off.
open “打开，敞开”，通常是指把关着或封着的门窗、箱子、盒子等打开，其对应词是
close.
Open the door and turn on all the lights.
55. accept 与 receive
accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受。
receive 意为“收到”，指客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定会接受。
I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it.
56. weekday 与 weekend
weekday “工作日”，指星期一到星期五的任何一天。
weekend “周末”，指星期六和星期天。
I only work on weekdays, not at weekends.
57. reply, answer 与 solve
reply 指用口头或书面形式回答。
I didn’t reply to him.
answer 是最普通的用语，与question搭配使用。
He answered my question.
solve 常与problem搭配使用。
58. travel, trip 与 journey
travel 常指长距离的旅行或国外旅行。
trip 意为“旅行，远足”，尤指短途的游玩或有目的的旅行，如a school trip学校郊游，a
weekend trip周末旅行。
journey 常指远距离的陆地旅行。
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