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绝密★启用前
2004年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（一）
（科目代码：201）
☆考生注意事项众
1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指
定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷
条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由
考生自负。
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须
书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在
草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂
写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Listening Comprehension
因新版《全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)考试大纲》已表明不再考查这一题
型,练习这类题目对考生意义不大,且会加重考生负担，故我们不再呈现这部分试题。
Section 口 Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency ( crimes
committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the
major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that
children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized
for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through
23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that
children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socio
economic status, 25 as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from
disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also
commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental
control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28 to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates.
For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for
youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly
difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into
criminal behavior.
Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of
one-parent households or two working parents ； 34 , children are likely to
have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family
36 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile
crime rates. Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in
school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39 of
child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability
of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a? direct causal relationship has not
yet been established.
英语（一）试题.1 .（共12页）21. A. acting B. relying C. centering D. commenting
22. A. before B. unless C. until D. because
23. A. interaction B. assimilation C. cooperation D. consultation
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24. A. return B. reply C. reference D. response
25. A. or B. but rather C. but D. or else
26. A. considering B. ignoring C. highlighting D. discarding
27. A. on B.in C. for D. with
28. A. immune B. resistant C. sensitive D. subject
29. A. affect B. reduce C. check D. reflect
30. A. point B. lead C. come D. amount
31. A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. at length
32. A. case B. short C. turn D. essence
33. A. survived B. noticed C. undertaken D. experienced
34. A. contrarily B. consequently C. similarly D. simultaneously
35. A. than B. that C. which D. as
36. A. system B. structure C.concept D. heritage
37. A. assessable B. identifiable C. negligible D. incredible
38. A. expense B. restriction C. allocation D. availability
39. A. incidence B. awareness C. exposure D. popularity
40. A. provided B. since C. although D. supposing
Section ID Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
英语（ ）试题.2.（共12页）Text 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across
CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but
was attracted by the site's upersonal search agent”. It's an interactive feature that
lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails
them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the
keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D. C. Three weeks later,
he got his first notification of an opening. "I struck gold," says Redmon, who
E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a
company.
With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising
openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need
for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for
Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example,
may work against you: " Every time you answer a question you eliminate a
possibility,n says one expert.
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think
you want to do—then broaden it. uNone of these programs do that," says
another expert. "There's no career counseling implicit in all of this. " Instead,
the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs
in a particular database ； when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the
database again. "I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added
to a database that might interest me," says the author of a job-searching guide.
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When
CareerSite5 s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service,
for example, it includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best
matches. There may be more matches in the database ； job hunters will have to
visit the site again to find them—and they do. " On the day after we send our
messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic," says Seth Peets, vice president
of marketing for CareerSite.
Even those who aren't hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile.
Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or
gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.
Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. u You
always keep your eyes open," he says. Working*with a personal search agent means
having another set of eyes looking out for you.
英语（ ）试题.3.（共12页）41. How did Redmon find his job?
A. By searching openings in a job database.
B. By posting a matching position in a database.
C. By using a special service of a database.
D. By E-mailing his resume to a database.
42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
A. Lack of counseling.
B. Limited number of visits.
C. Lower efficiency.
D. Fewer successful matches.
43. The expression “tip servicen ( Line 4, Paragraph 3 ) most probably means
A. advisory
B. compensation
C. interaction
D. reminder
44. Why does CareerSite9s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
A. To focus on better job matches.
B. To attract more returning visits.
C. To reserve space for more messages.
D. To increase the rate of success.
45. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.
B. Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.
C. Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.
D. Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.
英语（一）试题.4.（共12页）Text 2
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been
condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive:
alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to
discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half
of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big
advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone
directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over
Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the
alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning
with letters between A and K.
Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with
B and C respectively ； and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his
father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second
half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich
countries are alphabetically advantaged ( Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac,
Chretien and Koizumi). The world's three top central bankers ( Greenspan,
Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of
them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates,
Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time
enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the
start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the
front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior
gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by
those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think
they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications,
because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking
publicly.
The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs
proudly get their awards first； by the time they reach the Zysmans most people
are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers,
lists of conference speakers and attendees: all ttnd to be drawn up alphabetically,
and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
英语（一）试题.5.（共12页）46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
A. A kind of overlooked inequality.
B. A type of conspicuous bias.”
C. A type of personal prejudice.
D. A kind of brand discrimination.
47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
A. In both East and West, names are essential to success.
B. The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.
C. Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies, names.
D. Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
48. The 4th paragraph suggests that.
A. questions are often put to the more intelligent students
B. alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class
C. teachers should pay attention to all of their students
D. students should be seated according to their eyesight
49. What does the author mean by "most people are literally having a ZZZ"
(Line 2-3, Paragraph 5)?
A. They are getting impatient.
B. They are noisily dozing off.
C. They are feeling humiliated.
D. They are busy with word puzzles.
50. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
B. VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
C. The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
D. Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
英语（ ）试题.6.（共12页）Text 3
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn?t biting her nails
just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many
nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but
last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames
the softening economy. "I'm a good economic indicator,n she says. "I provide a
service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some
dollars. n So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department
store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. "I don't
know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says.
Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is
cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown
themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for
months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24
percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious
approach is coining at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off
7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers
seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic
about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt
tightening.
Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful
headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding
steady in most regions. In Manhattan, "there's a new gold rush happening in the
$4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,n
says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as
frenzied overbidding quiets. Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get
two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks
still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would
cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in
the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market
swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.
Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain
Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not4anymore. For that, Greenspan &
Co. may still be worth toasting.
英语（ ）试题.7.（共12页）51. By “Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet” (Line 1-2, Paragraph 1),
the author means.
A. Spero can hardly maintain her business
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B. Spero is too much engaged in her work
C. Spero has grown out of her bad habit
D. Spero is not in a desperate situation
52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?
A. Optimistic.
B. Confused.
C. Carefree.
D. Panicked.
53. When mentioning 4< the $4 million to $10 million rangen ( Line 3-4,
Paragraph 3) , the author is talking about.
A. gold market
B. real estate
C. stock exchange
D. venture investment
54. Why can many people see u silver liningsn to the economic slowdown?
A. They would benefit in certain ways.
B. The stock market shows signs of recovery.
C. Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
D. The purchasing power would be enhanced.
55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
A. A new boom, on the horizon.
B. Tighten the belt, the single remedy.
C. Caution all right, panic not.
D. The more ventures, the more chances.
英语（ ）试题.8.（共12页）Text 4
Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are
athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are
where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge
for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our
schools aren't difficult to find.
u Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important
than intellectual,M says education writer Diane Ravitch. " Schools could be a
counterbalance. " Ravitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School
Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they
are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual
pursuits.
But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind
leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think
critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot
fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl
Shorris, "We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil
society. M
"Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and
professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-
Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion,
and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our
democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of
elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered
more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought
schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:
"We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and
come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. ” Mark
Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero
avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve
his innate goodness.
Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a
quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contem
plative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and
adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and
imagines.
School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our
country5 s educational system is in the grips of people who u joyfully and militantly
proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children
who show the least intellectual promise. ”
英语（ ）试题.9.（共12页）56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
A. The habit of thinking independently.
B. Profound knowledge of the world.
C. Practical abilities for future career.
D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of.
A. undervaluing intellect
B. favoring intellectualism
C. supporting school reform
D. suppressing native intelligence
58. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are.
A. identical
B. similar
C. complementary
D. opposite
59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably.
A. a pioneer of education reform
B. an opponent of intellectualism
C. a scholar in favor of intellect
D. an advocate of regular schooling
60. What does the author think of intellect?
A. It is second to intelligence.
B. It evolves from common sense.
C. It is to be pursued.
D. It underlies power.
英语（一）试题.10.（共12页）Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
(10 points)
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many
centuries. (61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some
connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before
people realized how diverse languages could be.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were
very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and
Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and
South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (62) We are obliged
to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who
spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other
linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal
with bizarre data from "exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (63)The
newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied
languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas
and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed
different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a
code during World War D to send secret messages.
Sapir's pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian
languages. (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,
Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure
of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate
certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language
think along one track and not along another. (65) Whorf came to believe in a sort
of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language
imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce
far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to
be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat
inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of
languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic
determinism.
英语(一)试题.11 .(共12页)Section IV Writing
66. Directions:
r»
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which
you should
1) describe the drawing,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) support your view with examples.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
终点又是新起点
2004年考研英语（一）真题答案速查表
21 ~25 CD ADA 26 -30 BCDAB 31 ~35 ACDBA 36 ~40 BBDAC
41 ~45 CADBC 46-50 ADCBD 51 ~55 DABAC 56-60 CADBC
61. 希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这种观点早在人们认识到语言
的千差万别之前就在欧洲根深蒂固了。
62. 我们应感谢这两位先驱，因为在此之后，这些土著语言中有一些已经不复存在了，这是由
于使用这些语言的部族消亡或被同化而丧失了本族语言。
63. 这些新近被描述的语言和已得到充分研究的欧洲及东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以
至于有些学者甚至指责那些数据是博厄斯和萨丕尔捏造的。
64. 沃尔夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，因而形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中，语言的结
构决定习惯思维的结构。
65. 沃尔夫逐渐相信某种语言决定论，该理论的极端说法是:语言禁锢了思维，并且语言的语
法结构可以对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
英语（一）试题,12.（共12页）如何消灭单词中“建悉的陌生人”？ (2)
踏上考研的征程，就要耐得住寂寞，抵得住诱惑，还要躲得了熟词僻义的“坑”。话不多说，快跟
“考研真相君”揭开下一个熟词僻义的“面纱”！
“想飞上天，和太阳肩并肩。”考研尚未成功，不能放飞自我！快跟本君学知识！
shoulder:［熟义".肩，肩膀；依服的)肩部
［僻义".扛,担；肩负，承担
记:他瘦弱的肩膀承担不起养家糊口的重责。
用 ：They learned to shoulder responsibility and march along shoulder to shoulder.
他们学会了承担责任及同心协力地前进。
“自打决定考研以来，不照镜子不自拍。”这可能是大多数考研人复习时的真实写照。
mirror:［熟义］〃.镜子
［僻义］讥反射，映射；反映
记：谐音“迷人”一迷人的美女都喜欢照镜子一镜子。
用 ：History is like a mirror which mirrors the rise and fall of dynasties.
历史就像一面镜子，反映了朝代的兴衰更替。
picture:［熟义］〃.图片；照片
［僻义».情况W.想象
记：很难想酸那张照片是他大学时拍的。
用:The picture fails to reflect the true picture.
这张图不能反映真实情况。 ,,
—— ------------ -- ----------------------- ~
如果“考研真相君”没有高贵的血统，你还会在他身边，一直支持他吗？快醒醒，这不是在拍偶
I像剧，而是在复习熟词僻义！
side:［熟义"侧面；边；方面
［僻义］儿血统w.支持
记：从另一方面看，你的观点不成立，所以我不支持你。
用 ：The man in the left side sided with my standpoint「左边这个男人支持我的观点。
\ “考研真相君”温馨提示:side with表示“支持某人或某物”，用在写作中可以加分！能坚持看到这里，说明你的学习热情还是挺高涨的，那就趁热打铁，跟着本君继续看一个。
perfect:［熟义］a.完美的；极好的
［僻义］W.使完善；使熟练
记：这个方案不够完美，请继续完善。”
用:In order to find a perfect job, he needs to perfect his resume.
为了找到一份完美的工作，他需要完善自己的简历。
99
66----------------------------------------------- --------------------
你猜，“考研真相君”接下来打算干嘛呢？
mean:［熟义意指；打算，意欲
［僻义*.卑鄙的；吝啬的；平庸的
记：《甄婚传》里的安陵容很卑鄙，三番两次打算害死甄婚。
用：He is really mean, but it doesn't mean that he is an unqualified employee.
\ 他确实很吝啬，不过这并不意味着他是个不合格的员工。
c ______—------ ------------------
Long time no see!"呃，这不是正在见吗？ ”被你拆穿了，快来看下一个熟词僻义！
long:［熟义*.长久的；长期的；长的
［僻义］讨渴望；盼望
记：好长时间不见，我盼望着能再见到你。
用:Having herded sheep for a long time in the Hu, Su Wu longed for returning home.
在胡地牧羊多年，苏武非常渴望回到故乡。
［ “考研真相君”温馨提示：longfor后面的动词应为doing形式，不能跟动词原形！
以上“熟词僻义”均摘自《考研词汇闪过》
学了这么多的熟词僻义，是不是了解到好多考研词汇的“另一面”。在平常的复习中，大多时候大
家会把关注点放在词汇已经熟知的常用义上，关于它们陌生的一面，知之甚少。从现在开始，关于考研
词汇常考的生僻义，也需要加以关注哦，这样在做题时才会更顺畅。翻书“马冬福”，合书啥都没!
d
|单词用闪过，记得快又牢！ |
考研词汇用闪过
'划重点,省时间!
