文档内容
考研英语阅读手译本
（英语一二 01-09）
1目录
考研英语阅读题型总结——技巧篇.....................................................................................................................3
手译本使用方法.....................................................................................................................................................5
2001年阅读真题
2001年 Text1..................................................................................................................................................8
2001年 Text2................................................................................................................................................12
2001年 Text3................................................................................................................................................16
2001年 Text4................................................................................................................................................20
2001年 Text5................................................................................................................................................24
2002年阅读真题
2002年 Text1................................................................................................................................................28
2002年 Text2................................................................................................................................................33
2002年 Text3................................................................................................................................................37
2002年 Text4................................................................................................................................................42
2003年阅读真题
2003年 Text1................................................................................................................................................47
2003年 Text2................................................................................................................................................52
2003年 Text3................................................................................................................................................56
2003年 Text4................................................................................................................................................61
2004年阅读真题
2004年 Text1................................................................................................................................................66
2004年 Text2................................................................................................................................................71
2004年 Text3................................................................................................................................................75
2004年 Text4................................................................................................................................................80
2005年阅读真题
2005年 Text1................................................................................................................................................85
2005年 Text2................................................................................................................................................90
2005年 Text3................................................................................................................................................94
2005年 Text4................................................................................................................................................99
2006年阅读真题
2006年 Text1..............................................................................................................................................104
2006年 Text2..............................................................................................................................................108
2006年 Text3..............................................................................................................................................113
2006年 Text4..............................................................................................................................................118
2007年阅读真题
2007年 Text1..............................................................................................................................................123
2007年 Text2..............................................................................................................................................127
2007年 Text3..............................................................................................................................................132
2007年 Text4..............................................................................................................................................136
22008年阅读真题
2008年 Text1..............................................................................................................................................141
2008年 Text2..............................................................................................................................................146
2008年 Text3..............................................................................................................................................150
2008年 Text4..............................................................................................................................................155
2009年阅读真题
2009年 Text1..............................................................................................................................................160
2009年 Text2..............................................................................................................................................164
2009年 Text3..............................................................................................................................................168
2009年 Text4..............................................................................................................................................173
翻译真题手译
2001年英译汉试题（英语一）.................................................................................................................179
2002年英译汉试题（英语一）.................................................................................................................181
2003年英译汉试题（英语一）.................................................................................................................183
2004年英译汉试题（英语一）.................................................................................................................186
2005年英译汉试题（英语一）.................................................................................................................188
2006年英译汉试题（英语一）.................................................................................................................191
2007年英译汉试题（英语一）.................................................................................................................193
2008年英译汉试题（英语一）.................................................................................................................196
2009年英译汉试题（英语一）.................................................................................................................198
3考研英语阅读题型总结——技巧篇
一、例证题
1.常见题干标志：example，case，illustrate，demonstrate，to show，byciting（为了)
2.解题方法：
（1）例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观点
（2）先定位到例子出现的位置，然后再找观点，观点往往在例子前（假设定位点在第二段第三
行，答案往往在定位点之前找），不过有时也在例子后，也可以在不同的段落
3.干扰选项:
（1）就事论事，谈论例子本身，而不是例子所支持的观点
4.例证题小技巧:
（1）互为相反的选项往往有一个正确答案
（2）文章中若出现情态动词: must，can，could，may，might，should，would，ought to，往往
表达了作者观点或者态度
二、词汇题
1.常见题干标志：“ ”、”(Line.paragraph ) 、mostprobably means
2.解题方法：
（1）逻辑关系——通过定位好的句子，根据逻辑关系找同义词或反义词
①句子1=句子2，找近义词——分号（;）表示前后两句话表达意思相同
②句子1,but句子2，找反义词
③根据感情色彩判断，感情色彩代表作者态度大方向
（2）简单词，考查熟词僻义，排除表面含义，不断提炼内涵
（3）反复强调的是重点
3.干扰选项特征:字面意思理解
三、推理题
1.常见题干标志： infer，learn from，imply，suggest，conclude
2.解题方法：
（1）不要过分主观推测，原文可以找到的内容往往即是正确答案
（2）推理题的答案多在转折处
（3）排除绝对化，选择语气缓和的，比如may
（4）注意同义改写——常出细节题、中心思想题、推理题
四、态度题
1.常见题干标志：attitude，deem，consider，tone
2.解题方法：
（1）选项词归纳
①正面态度：positive，optimistic，approval，supportive
②负面态度：negative(消极的), pessimistic(悲观的), disapproval, critical(重要的，批评的)，
doubtful(怀疑的)，suspicious，skeptical,questionable
③中立态度：neutral，objective，impartial，disinterested（中立的）
（2）当作者的态度没有明确提出时:
①首尾句串读法，梳理文章的框架，来推测作者态度
②文章中的adj（表示评价）\adv往往是作者的态度
③转折处
④情态动词之后
43.态度题小技巧之小墓碑选项——看到直接排除
（1）漠不关心的：uninterested，indifferent，unconcerned
（2）偏见的：contemptuous，prejudice， biased
（3）困惑的：subjective，puzzled，confused
五、细节题
1.常见题干标志：What/how/why/ because/ in that/as等＋具体信息，即为什么？怎么样？是什么？
2.解题方法：
（1）定位！细节题的关键在于定位，题干的相关信息可能直接在文章中出现（也可能进行某种
程度上的改写），这种情况下，细节题定位到的地方，往往就是题目对应的答案，不过有时也
得需要结合定位地方的上下句。
（2）细节服从主旨！，与中心主旨越接近的选项，往往越有可能是正确的
3.细节题中的因果题
（1）常见因果关系词——because,since,for,as
（2）方法—— 前后相同的逻辑，优先考虑因果关系
当一个现象具有多个成因，考察主要原因时，那么次要原因就是干扰选项
六、中心思想题（主旨题）
1.常见题干标志： mainlyabout，discuss，thebest title/subject，appropriate title，main idea
2.解题方法：
（1）首尾句串读法——将各段首末句串联成一个整体，注意转折处，此方法较普遍使用
（2）中心句法
①开头问句——一般在回答中包含着文章的重点信息，也就是中心思想
②独句段——即一句话单独构成一个段落，独句段通常与全文的主旨密切相关
（3）中心词法
①注意文章反复出现的高频词，以及对该高频词的同义改写
②可以在全文范围找，也可在首尾句中找
③一篇文章的中心词可能不止一个，中心思想题的答案应该包括全部的中心词，而不是仅
包含一个，这样的选项比较片面
3.常见干扰项
（1）某个答案范围过大，或者范围过小——可能只是文章某段的主旨
（2）做题要客观，路见不平一定不要拔刀相助！文章怎样就怎样！
（3）少数派原则，作者往往站在少数人观点的一方，因为作者关注的方面往往是多数人没有关
注到的。
附录1：阅读题解题的大方向技巧与思想
（1）串联题干信息，把握文章主题。明确
（2）注意句子与句子(好与坏），段落之间的联系
（3）少数派——写作目的（众人皆醉我独醒)
（4）写过去与现在，一好一坏。
（5）细节服从主旨。
（6）反复强调的是重点，重点往往是考点
附录2：阅读题做题顺序
先看题目后看文章，题目只看题干(若四个选项都含有的信息就是正确信息，通常判定为文
章主旨），阅读本质是逻辑关系！！
5手译本使用方法
关于阅读手译，下面学长以以一问一答的形式和大家讲解关于如何做考研英语手译的。在
文章之前先和大家说明几点，第一，由于考研试卷反作弊的“花卷”处理机制，即考生前后左
右座位分发的试卷的选项顺序都是不同的，也就是说存在多个版本的真题，它们选项内容一样，
但是顺序被打乱了。如果这份资料的题目选项顺序和别的版本试卷的题目选项顺序不一样，这
是正常现象，不必担心。第二，千万要记得在分析真题的时候，动脑最重要！任何事情都无法
替代思考本身！
一.英语阅读真题需要手译吗？
先直接说回答：需要！原因如下
（1）首先是阅读部分的分值占比很大，无论是英一还是英二，足足都有40分，而阅读水平
的提高也必将带动其他题型的提高，“得阅读者得天下”这句话不是白讲的，所以前中期花大
量精力在阅读上是必须的。
（2）而备考阅读，最重要的不是做（即反复的看文章、做题目），而是分析和总结阅读，
将文章内的单词、长难句、题型设置原则等搞清楚。而手译则正是分析和总结阅读的过程，很
多人关于手译存在这么一种看法：他们认为手译就是单纯的把文章翻译一遍，其实这种观点是
错误的。科学的手译绝对不是简简单单的翻译文章，而是一种分析和总结阅读的过程和工具，
在这个过程中，手译会显著的提高你的英语能力。
（3）笔者在考研的时候，曾经花了三个月时间把近20年的阅读真题都手译了一遍，确实，
过程很痛苦，但是手译完了之后，我可以很明显发现我的英语能力有了显著的提高，在手译最
后的半个月，整个手译过程会变得越来越轻松。
二、分析阅读真题要分析哪些内容？
对于一篇阅读真题来说，可以简单的分为两大部分：正文、题目，我们需要庖丁解牛似的
对这两部分进行拆解
1.对正文的分析和总结——可以提高英语基础能力
（1）单词、短语：找出句子中不认识的单词（以及熟词僻义等）、短语并记录
（2）句子（长难句）：学会去拆分句子、分析句子成分，判断相近句子之间的逻辑关系
（3）文章结构：分析文章整体的行文思路、段落结构，以一个统筹的视角，可以有效提高把
握文章的能力，这部分黄皮书、考研真相每篇真题前都有相关的文章结构解读，大家可以参考。
2.对题目的分析和总结——可以提高技巧解题能力
（1）首先要学会判断题目所属的题型，每种题型的解题套路都是不一样的
（2）学会定位到题干信息（注意题干的同义替换形式）在原文中的位置，找出答案。题目设
置一般都很有规律，比如第二题答案在原文中的位置一定是在第一题答案原文位置之后，而且
一般一段出一个题目，所以阅读真题多为5段5题。
（3）分析错误选项，学会大致分析每一个错误选项的干扰方式
拓展：要不要要唐迟老师的阅读技巧视频？
我认为在打好单词基础的前提下，可以看唐迟老师的阅读技巧课，而基础差的同学应该先解决单词、
长难句这一句，也就上面所讲的对正文的分析，英语阅读复习一般分为三轮，手译的过程是第一轮，推荐
在打好第一轮的基础上，第二轮再看唐老师的技巧课。
四、整个手译的练习流程？
结合我的复习经验以及手译本的排版，制定了如下的手译训练流程，经过去年很多21届考
生的亲身使用，效果很好。（注意：电子版和纸质版排版有局部差别，更适合平板复习）
6步骤1：做题——给自己15分钟的时间，模拟在考试状态下做题的状态
（1）建议先看题干（不要看选项，不然易干扰思维、浪费时间 ）了解文章大致主旨，然后
再看文章，最后做题
（2）过程中一定不要查单词，文章再难，也一定要忍住！！！目的就是习惯这种考试感觉。
步骤2：全文逐句手译
（1）遇到结构简单、句内单词都认识、一眼可以看懂的句子——直接过掉
（2）遇到复杂句子，长难句
①圈出不认识的单词、短语——记录在单词本上，并查词典，做笔记，吃透！！！
②解析句子——学会划分句子主干，基础比较差的，前期可以参考解析书将一个句子细
致按照主谓宾定状补来分割，理解句子成分，打一下基础
③翻译全文——不要追求翻译多么得体，多么精确，翻译到自己可以理解的程度就可以
了，这是阅读题，不是翻译题，翻译题有自己的训练方法
④修订翻译——对翻译的内容进行核对与修订，并进行反思
步骤3：重做题目
（1）在解析过全文之后，重做题目，这时候的准确率会大幅度上升
①判断题目所属的题型
②定位到题干信息（注意题干的同义替换形式）在原文中的位置，如此题可定位到第xxx
段第 xxx句，可同义替换为 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 。
（2）分析总结
①对错误选项的干扰形式进行总结分析，如无中生有、反向干扰、偷换概念，可以参考
黄皮书等参考资料
②将同一题型的题目放在一起，总结考研命题人的出题思路与风格。
7做手译之前 请一定要看前面的使用方法！！！
年
2001 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of
scientificknowledge.
（2）By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the
information and use itas the basis forfurther research.
（3）But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the
process ofcommunication.
（4）Anotherwas thegrowing professionalisation ofscientific activity.
【第二段】
（1）No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science:
exceptionscan befound to any rule.
（2）★Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not
fully integrated into thescientificcommunity and, in particular, may notfully share its values.
（3）The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a
longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation inscience.
8（ 4 ） The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a
mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in
theUnited Kingdom.
【第三段】
（1）A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not
simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what
constitutesan acceptable research paper.
（2）★Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in
their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to
professionals only iftheyincorporate, andreflect on,thewidergeological picture.
（3）Amateurs, ontheotherhand, have continued to pursuelocal studies intheoldway.
（4）★The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for
amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by
national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the
twentieth century.
9（5）As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed
mainlytowards either professional or amateur readership.
（6）★A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together
nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in
local societies or to cometogether nationally ina different way.
【第四段】
（1）Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in
British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the
twentieth century.
（2）In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for
thischange in thestructure ofscience.
【题目】
21.Thegrowthofspecialization inthe 19th century mightbemore clearly seen in sciences such
as .
[A]sociology and chemistry [B]physics and psychology
[C]sociology and psychology [D] physics andchemistry
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1022.Wecan infer from thepassagethat .
[A]thereis littledistinction between specialization andprofessionalisation
[B]amateurs can compete withprofessionals in someareas of science
[C]professionals tendto welcome amateurs into thescientific community
[D] amateurs havenational academic societies but nolocal ones
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
23.Theauthorwrites of thedevelopmentof geologyto demonstrate .
[A]theprocess ofspecialization andprofessionalisation
[B]thehardship ofamateurs in scientificstudy
[C]thechange of policies inscientific publications
[D] thediscriminationof professionals againstamateurs
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Thedirectreason forspecialization is .
[A]thedevelopment in communication [B]thegrowth ofprofessionalisation
[C]theexpansion ofscientificknowledge [D]thesplitting upofacademic societies
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
11年
2001 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the
world into theinfo (information) rich and theinfo poor.
（2）And that dividedoes existtoday.
（3）My wifeand Ilectured about this loomingdanger twenty years ago.
（4）★What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the
digital divide.
（5）There are reasons tobe optimistic.
【第二段】
（1）There are technological reasons tohope thedigital dividewill narrow.
（2）★As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to
universalizeaccess-after all, themorepeople online, themorepotential customers there are.
（3）More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet
access.
12（4）Withinthe next decade ortwo, one to two billionpeopleonthe planet will benetted together.
（5）As aresult, I nowbelieve thedigital dividewill narrow rather thanwiden inthe years ahead.
（6）And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for
combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.
【第三段】
（1）Ofcourse, theuse oftheInternet isn’t theonly way to defeat poverty.
（2）And theInternet is not theonly toolwe have.
（3）But it has enormous potential.
【第四段】
（1）To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated
anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.
（2）Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study
thehistory ofinfrastructure（thebasicstructural foundations ofa society）intheUnited States.
（3）When theUnited States builtits industrialinfrastructure, it didn’t have thecapital todoso.
13（4）And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports
and soon-were builtwith foreign investment.
（5）TheEnglish, theGermans, theDutch and theFrench were investing inBritain’sformer colony.
（6）They financed them.
（7）Immigrant Americans builtthem. Guess who owns them now?The Americans.
（8） Ibelieve thesame thingwould be trueinplaces likeBrazil oranywhere elsefor that matter.
（9）The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which
today is anelectronic infrastructure, thebetter offyou’re going to be.
（10）That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run
uncontrolled.
（11）But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom
infrastructures needed totake full advantage ofthe Internet.
14【题目】
25.Digital divideis something .
[A]gettingworse because oftheInternet [B]therich countries are responsible for
[C]theworld mustguard against [D]considered positivetoday
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
26.Governments attach importance to the Internetbecauseit .
[A]offers economicpotentials [B]can bring foreign funds
[C]can soon wipeout world poverty [D]connects people all overthe world
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Thewriter mentioned thecase oftheUnited States tojustifythe policy of .
[A]providingfinancial support overseas
[B]preventing foreign capital's control
[C]buildingindustrial infrastructure
[D]accepting foreign investment
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1528.Itseems thatnowacountry's economy depends much on .
[A]howwell-developed it is electronically
[B]whether it isprejudiced againstimmigrants
[C]whether it adopts America's industrial pattern
[D]howmuchcontrol it has over foreign corporations
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2001 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）Whydosomany Americans distrust what they read intheirnewspapers?
（2）TheAmerican Society ofNewspaperEditors is trying to answer thispainful question.
（3）Theorganization is deep into alongself-analysis known as thejournalism credibility project.
【第二段】
（1）★Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and
spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the
world thosereaders really want.
16【第三段】
（1）But thesources of distrustgo way deeper.
（2）Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which
they plug each day’s events.
（3）★In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a
backbone and a ready-made narrativestructure forotherwise confusingnews.
【第四段】
（1）★There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps
explainwhy the“standard templates”ofthe newsroom seem alien to many readers.
（2）In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the
country, plus onelarge metropolitan area.
（3）Then residents inthese communitieswere phoned at random and asked thesame questions.
【第五段】
（1）★Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in
upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to
church, dovolunteer work, orput downroots in acommunity.
17【第六段】
（1）Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to
reflect theconventional values ofthis elite.
（2）The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but
inthe daily clash ofworld views between reporters andtheirreaders.
【第七段】
（1）Thisis an explosivesituationfor any industry, particularly adeclining one.
（2）Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the
customers.
（3）Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why
customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers.
（4）But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former
buyers are complaining about.
（5）★If it did, itwould open up its diversity program, nowfocused narrowly onrace and gender, and
lookfor reporters who differ broadly byoutlook, values, education, andclass.
18【题目】
29.Whatisthe passagemainly about?
[A]needs of thereaders all over theworld.
[B]causes ofthe publicdisappointmentabout newspapers.
[C]origins ofthedeclining newspaper industry.
[D] aimsof ajournalism credibility project.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Theresults ofthejournalismcredibility projectturned outtobe .
[A]quitetrustworthy [B]somewhat contradictory
[C]very illuminating [D] rather superficial
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
31.Thebasicproblemofjournalists as pointed outby thewriter liesin their .
[A]working attitude [B]conventional lifestyle
[C]world outlook [D] educational background
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1932.Despiteits efforts, thenewspaperindustry stillcannotsatisfythe readers owingto its .
[A]failure torealizeitsreal problem
[B]tendency to hireannoying reporters
[C]likeliness to doinaccurate reporting
[D] prejudice inmatters ofraceand gender
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2001 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）Theworld isgoing through thebiggest wave of mergers andacquisitions ever witnessed.
（2）The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries
withunsurpassed might.
（3）Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business
concentration turn into an uncontrollableanti-competitive force?"
【第二段】
（1）There's noquestion that thebig are gettingbigger andmore powerful.
20（2）Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the
figure ismore than25%and growing rapidly.
（3）International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open
upand welcome foreign investment.
（4）In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to
almost70% oftheindustrial production of the200largest firms.
（5）★This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of
national businessmen and over theultimatestabilityoftheworld economy.
【第三段】
（1）★ I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that
underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and
investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting
customers' demands.
（2）All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth
increases.
21【第四段】
（1）Examplesofbenefits orcosts ofthe current concentration wave are scanty.
（2）★Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same
threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust
was broken up.
（3）The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for
consumers or areduction inthe pace oftechnical progress.
（4）On thecontrary, the priceofcommunications iscoming down fast.
（5）In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it
does not appear that consumers are being hurt.
【第五段】
（1）Yet thefact remains thatthe merger movement must bewatched.
（2）Afew weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against themegamergers inthebanking industry.
（3）★Whois going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks
that are being created?
22（4）Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict
about infringements to fair competition?
（5）★And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that
affect many othernations, as in theUS. vs. Microsoft case ?
【题目】
33.Whatisthe typicaltrend ofbusinesses today?
[A]totake in moreforeign funds. [B]to invest moreabroad.
[C]to combineand becomebigger [D] totrade with more countries.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Accordingto the author, oneofthedrivingforces behindthe M&A waveis .
[A]thegreatercustomer demands
[B]asurplus supplyfor themarket
[C]agrowing productivity
[D] theincreaseof theworld's wealth
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2335.From paragraph4wecan inferthat .
[A]theincreasing concentration iscertain tohurt consumers
[B]WorldComserves as a good exampleofboth benefits and costs
[C]thecosts of theglobalization process are enormous
[D] theStandard Oil trust might have threatened competition
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
36.Toward thenewbusiness wave, thewriter's attitudecan besaid to be .
[A]optimistic [B]objective
[C]pessimistic [D]biased
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2001 Text5
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a
part of anew international trend.
24（2）★ A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to
abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister,
Icovered myexitbyclaiming “Iwanted tospend moretimewith myfamily”.
【第二段】
（1）★Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the
Americans term “downshifting”has turned mytired excuse intoan absolutereality.
（2）★I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”,
preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is
happy to settlefor abit ofeverything.
【第三段】
（1）★I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the
editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and
making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial
success and social status.
25（2）Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once
enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the
limitationsof beingaparent on “quality time”.
【第四段】
（ 1 ） In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a
well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” — has,
ironically, even bred anewarea ofwhat might betermed anti-consumerism.
（2）There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify
their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of
Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are
even support groups forthosewho want toachieve themid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.
【第五段】
（1）★While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass
redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in
Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons
forseeking to simplify ourlives.
26【第六段】
（1 ）★ For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s,
downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life——growing your own
organic vegetables, and risking turninginto one——as apersonal recognition ofyour limitations.
【题目】
37.Whichof thefollowingis true according to paragraph 1?
[A]Full-timeemployment isa newinternational trend.
[B]The writerwas compelled bycircumstances to leave herjob.
[C] “A lateral move” means steppingout of full-timeemployment.
[D] Thewriter was only too eager tospend moretimewithher family.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.Thewriter's experiment showsthat downshifting .
[A]enables her to realizeher dream
[B]helps her molda newphilosophy oflife
[C]prompts her toabandon her high social status
[D] leads her to accept thedoctrine of Shemagazine
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2739.“Juggling one'slife” probablymeans living alifecharacterized by .
[A]non-materialisticlifestyle
[B]abit ofeverything
[C]extremestress
[D] anti-consumerism
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
40.Accordingto the passage, downshiftingemerged intheU.S. as aresult of .
[A]thequickpace of modern life
[B]man’sadventurous spirit
[C]man’ssearch for mythical experiences
[D] theeconomic situation
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2002 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify
shared experiences and problems.
28（2）★ Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one
ofthem orthat you understand theirsituation and are in sympathy with theirpointof view.
（3）Depending onwhom you are addressing, theproblems will bedifferent.
（4）★If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their
secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their
disorganized bosses.
【第二段】
（1）★Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well
becausetheaudience all shared thesameview ofdoctors.
（2）Aman arrives in heaven and isbeing shown around bySt.Peter.
（3）Hesees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.
（4）Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is
suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and
stompsover to atablebyhimself.
29（5）“Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes
hethinks he’s a doctor.”
【第三段】
（1）★If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the
experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a
passing remark about theinedible canteen foodorthechairman’s notoriousbad tastein ties.
（2）★With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider
making disparaging remarks about their canteen ortheir chairman.
（3）You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone
system.
【第四段】
（1）If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that itbecomes morenatural.
（2）Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and
unforced manner.
30（3）★Often it’s the delivery which causes theaudience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that
araised eyebrow oran unbelieving look may help to showthat you are making a light-hearted remark.
【第五段】
（1）Look forthe humor. It often comes from theunexpected.
（2）A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a
situation.
（3）Search forexaggeration and understatements.
（4）Look at your talk and pick outa few words orsentences which you can turn about and inject with
humor.
【题目】
21.To make yourhumor work, you should .
[A]takeadvantage of different kinds ofaudience
[B]make funofthedisorganized people
[C]address different problems todifferent people
[D] showsympathy foryour listeners
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
3122.Thejokeaboutdoctors implies that, intheeyes ofnurses, they are .
[A]impoliteto newarrivals
[B]very conscious oftheir godlike role
[C]entitled to someprivileges
[D] very busy even during lunch hours
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
23.Itcan beinferred from thetext thatpublicservices .
[A]havebenefited many people
[B]are thefocus ofpublicattention
[C]are an inappropriatesubject forhumor
[D] haveoften been thelaughing stock
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.To achievethedesired result, humorous stories should bedelivered .
[A]inwell-worded language [B]as awkwardly as possible
[C]in exaggerated statements [D] as casually as possible
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
3225.Thebesttitleforthetext may be .
[A]UseHumorEffectively [B]Various Kinds ofHumor
[C]Add Humor toSpeech [D] Different HumorStrategies
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2002 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）★Since the dawn ofhuman ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with
work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, orjustplain nasty.
（2）That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities
onmachines.
（3）★And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun
tocome close.
【第二段】
（1）As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we
barely noticebut whoseuniversal existence has removed much humanlabor.
33（2）Ourfactories humto therhythm of robotassembly arms.
（3）Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for
thetransaction.
（4）Oursubway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers.
（5）★And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are
already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter
accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve withtheir hands alone.
【第三段】
（1）★But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with
less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a
real challenge.
（2）“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a
robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact
witha dynamicworld.”
【第四段】
34（1）Indeed thequest for trueartificial intelligence has produced very mixed results.
（2）★Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor
circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010,
researchers lately havebegun toextend that forecast bydecades ifnot centuries.
【第五段】
（1）★What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one
hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—
than previously imagined.
（2）They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a
millimeterin acontrolled factory environment.
（3）★But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98
percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road
orthesingle suspicious face in a bigcrowd.
（ 4 ） The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and
neuroscientistsstilldon’t knowquitehow wedoit.
【题目】
3526.Human ingenuity wasinitially demonstrated in .
[A]theuseofmachines toproduce science fiction
[B]thewide useofmachines in manufacturing industry
[C]theinvention oftools fordifficult and dangerous work
[D] theelite’ s cunning tackling ofdangerous andboring work
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Theword "gizmos" (line1,paragraph 2)mostprobablymeans .
[A]programs [B]experts
[C]devices [D] creatures
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Accordingto the text, whatis beyondman’s ability nowis to designarobotthat can .
[A]fulfilldelicate tasks likeperforming brain surgery
[B]interact with humanbeings verbally
[C]have alittle common sense
[D] respond independently to achanging world
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
3629.Besides reducinghuman labor, robots can also .
[A]makea few decisions forthemselves
[B]deal withsomeerrors with human intervention
[C]improvefactory environments
[D] cultivatehuman creativity
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Theauthoruses the exampleofamonkey to argue thatrobots are .
[A]expected to copy humanbrain in internal structure
[B]able toperceive abnormalities immediately
[C]far less able thanhuman brain infocusing onrelevant information
[D] best usedin acontrolled environment
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2002 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）Couldthebad old days ofeconomic declinebe about to return?
37（2）Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a
barrel, upfrom less than $10lastDecember.
（3）★This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices
quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled.
（4）Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where
are theheadlines warning ofgloom and doom this time?
【第二段】
（1）Theoil price was givenanother push upthis week when Iraq suspended oilexports.
（2）★Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere,
could push theprice higherstillin theshort term.
【第三段】
（1）Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the
1970s.
（2）In most countries thecost ofcrude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than
itdidin the1970s.
38（3）In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the
price ofcrude have amore muted effect onpump prices than inthe past.
【第四段】
（1）Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in
theoilprice.
（ 2 ） Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy,
energy-intensiveindustries have reduced oil consumption.
（3）Software, consultancy and mobiletelephones use farless oil than steel or car production.
（4）For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in
1973.
（5）★The OECDestimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for
a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by
only0.25-0.5% ofGDP.
（6）That is less than one-quarter oftheincomeloss in 1974or1980.
39（ 7 ） ★ On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has
shifted—have become moreenergy-intensive, andso could bemore seriously squeezed.
【第五段】
（1）One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s,
it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess
demand.
（2）Asizableportionof theworld is only justemerging from economic decline.
（3）The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973
commodityprices jumped by70%, and in 1979byalmost30%.
【题目】
31.Themain reason forthelatest rise ofoil priceis .
[A]global inflation [B] reduction in supply
[C]fast growth in economy [D] Iraq’ s suspension ofexports
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
4032.Itcan beinferred from thetext thattheretail price ofpetrol will goupdramatically if .
[A]priceof crude rises [B]commodity prices rise
[C]consumption rises [D] oiltaxes rise
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Theestimates inEconomic Outlookshowthatin rich countries .
[A]heavy industry becomes moreenergy-intensive
[B]incomeloss mainly results from fluctuating crude oilprices
[C]manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed
[D] oilprice changes have nosignificant impact onGDP
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Wecan drawaconclusion fromthe text that .
[A]oil-priceshocks are less shockingnow
[B]inflation seems irrelevant tooil-price shocks
[C]energy conservation can keep down theoil prices
[D] theprice riseofcrude leads to theshrinking ofheavy industry
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
4135.From thetext wecan seethatthewriter seems .
[A]optimistic
[B]sensitive
[C]gloomy
[D] scared
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2002 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）★The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for
howmedicineseeks torelieve dying patients ofpain and suffering.
【第二段】
（1）★Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in
effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that
an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is
permissibleiftheactor intends onlythe good effect.
42【第三段】
（1）★Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to
control terminally illpatients’pain, even though increasing dosages willeventually killthepatient.
【第四段】
（1）★Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield
doctors who“until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient
medication to control theirpain if that might hasten death”.
【第五段】
（1）★George Annas, chair of thehealth law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long
as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even
ifthepatient uses the drugto hasten death.
（2）“It’slikesurgery,” hesays.
（3）“We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients,
although they risked their death.
（4）If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their
suicide.”
43【第六段】
（1）★On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide
debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the
physical agony of dying.
【第七段】
（1）Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy
of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of
Life.
（2）It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical
procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of
end-of-lifecare.
【第八段】
（1）The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of
aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and
todevelop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the endoflife.
44【第九段】
（1）Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives
translateinto better care.
（2）“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and
predictably suffering”,totheextentthat it constitutes“systematicpatient abuse”.
（3）He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively
ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.
【题目】
36.From thefirst three paragraphs,welearn that .
[A]doctors used to increase drug dosages tocontrol their patients’ pain
[B]it isstillillegal for doctors to help thedying end their lives
[C]theSupreme Courtstrongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
[D] patients havenoconstitutional right to commitsuicide
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
4537.Whichof thefollowingstatements istrue accordingto thetext?
[A]Doctors will beheld guilty ifthey risk theirpatients’ death.
[B]Modern medicinehas assistedterminally illpatients in painless recovery.
[C]TheCourtruled that high-dosagepain-relieving medication can beprescribed.
[D]Adoctor’smedication is nolonger justifiedbyhis intentions.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.Accordingto the NAS’s report, oneofthe problems inend-of-lifecare is .
[A]prolonged medical procedures
[B]inadequate treatment ofpain
[C]systematicdrugabuse
[D] insufficient hospital care
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Whichof thefollowingbest defines theword “aggressive” (line3,paragraph7)?
[A]Bold. [B]Harmful.
[C]Careless [D] Desperate.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
4640.George Annaswouldprobablyagree thatdoctors should bepunished ifthey .
[A]manage theirpatients incompetently
[B]give patients more medicinethan needed
[C]reduce drugdosages fortheirpatients
[D] prolong theneedless suffering ofthepatients
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2003 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.
（2）★The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War Ⅱ and later
laid theroots forthe CIA was fascinated with information.
（3）★Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage
—spying as a “profession.”
（4）★These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and
sending mail, isreshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.
47【第二段】
（1）Thelatest revolution isn’t simplya matterofgentlemen reading othergentlemen’s e-mail.
（2）That kind ofelectronicspying has been going onfor decades.
（3）In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of
point-and-click spying.
（4）The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly
influential.
（5）In 1995theCIA held acontest to see who could compilethemost dataabout Burundi.
（6）★The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，
whoseclear advantage was its mastery of theelectronicworld.
【第三段】
（1）★Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private
intelligence-analysis firm based inAustin, Texas.
（2）★Straitford makes money by selling the results ofspying (covering nations from Chile toRussia)
tocorporations likeenergy-services firm McDermott International.
48（3）Manyofits predictions are available onlineat www.straitford.com.
【第四段】
（1）Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually
reinforcing tool forboth information collection and distribution, aspymaster’s dream.
（2）Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and
predicting a crisis inUkraine.
（3）“As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says
Friedman, aformer political science professor.
（4）“And we’ll hear back from someof them.”
（5）Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good
information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns itskeep.
【第五段】
（1）Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have
military-intelligence backgrounds.
49（2）Hesees thefirm’s outsiderstatus as thekey to its success.
（3）★Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies
avoid dramatic declarations onthechance they might be wrong.
（4）Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride inits independent voice.
【题目】
21.Theemergence oftheNet has .
[A]received support from fans likeDonovan [B]remolded theintelligence services
[C]restored many common pastimes [D]revived spying as aprofession
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Donovan’sstory is mentioned inthetext to .
[A]introducethetopicof onlinespying [B]showhowhe fought forthe US
[C]give an episodeoftheinformation war [D] honorhis uniqueservices to theCIA
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
5023.Thephrase “making thebiggestsplash” (Line1,Paragraph 3)mostprobably means .
[A]causing thebiggest trouble
[B]exerting thegreatest effort
[C]achieving thegreatest success
[D] enjoying thewidest popularity
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Itcan belearned fromparagraph 4that .
[A]Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true
[B]Straitford guarantees thetruthfulness of itsinformation
[C]Straitford’s businessis characterized by unpredictability
[D] Straitford is abletoprovidefairly reliable information
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Straitfordis most proudofits .
[A]official status [B]nonconformist image
[C]efficient staff [D]military background
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
51年
2003 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a
misguided cause is that good people donothing.”
（2）One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have
rightsruling out theiruse in research.
（3）★Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are
confusing thepublicand thereby threatening advances in health knowledgeand care.
（4）Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public
funding, and few people understand theprocess of health care research.
（5） Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone
would deliberately harm an animal.
【第二段】
52（1）★For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was
distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in
animals—nomeat, nofur, nomedicines.
（2）Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal
research.
（3）When assured that they do,she replied, “Then I would haveto say yes.”
（4）Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some
way of usingcomputers.”
（5）Such well-meaning peoplejust don’t understand.
【第三段】
（1）Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable
way—in human terms, not in thelanguage ofmolecular biology.
（2）We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip
replacement, a father’s bypass operation, ababy’s vaccinations, andeven apet’s shots.
53（3）★To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as
well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best andcruel at worst.
【第四段】
（1）Muchcan bedone.
（2）Scientistscould “adopt”middleschool classes and present theirown research.
（3）They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go
unchallenged and acquire adeceptive appearance oftruth.
（4）Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane
care.
（5）★Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should
actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made
courageous statements about thevalueof animal research, but all who receivemedical treatment.
（6）If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish
theprecious embers ofmedical progress.
54【题目】
26.Theauthorbegins hisarticle with EdmundBurke’ s wordsto .
[A] call onscientiststo takesome actions
[B] criticizethemisguided cause ofanimal rights
[C] warn ofthedoom of biomedical research
[D] showthetriumph ofthe animal rightsmovement
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Misled peopletend to thinkthatusing ananimal inresearch is .
[A]cruel but natural [B]inhuman and unacceptable
[C]inevitablebut vicious [D]pointlessand wasteful
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Theexampleofthe grandmotherly woman is usedto showthe public’ s .
[A]discontent withanimal research [B] ignorance about medical science
[C]indifference to epidemics [D]anxietyabout animal rights
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
5529.Theauthorbelieves that, infaceof thechallengefromanimal rights advocates, scientists
should .
[A] communicate morewith thepublic
[B] employ hi-tech means in research
[C] feel noshamefor theircause
[D] striveto develop newcures
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.From thetext welearn thatStephenCooper is .
[A]awell-known humanist [B] amedical practitioner
[C]an enthusiast in animal rights [D] asupporter ofanimal research
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2003 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems,
causing heightened concerns about monopoly.
56（2）As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles
moved byrails.
（3）Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90
percent ofall the freight movedbymajorrail carriers
【第二段】
（1）Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost
reductionsand bettercoordinated service.
（2）Any threat ofmonopoly, they argue, is removed byfierce competition from trucks.
（3）But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as
coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costlyand therailroads therefore have them bythethroat.
【第三段】
（1）The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one
rail company.
（2）Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when
another railroad is competing forthebusiness.
57（3）★Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal
government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time
consuming, andwill work only in truly extremecases.
【第四段】
（1）★Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long
runit reduces everyone's cost.
（2）★If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the
option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining
customers toshoulderthe cost ofkeeping up theline.
（3）It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the
positionofdetermining which companies will flourish and which will fail.
（4）“Do we really want railroads tobe the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”
asks Martin Bercovici, aWashington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.
【第五段】
（1）Manycaptive shippers also worry they will soon behit with around ofhuge rate increases.
58（2）★The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to
cover thecost ofthecapital itmust invest to keep upwith its surging traffic.
（3）Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them
on.
（4）Considerthe$10.2billionbid byNorfolk Southern and CSXtoacquire Conrail this year.
（5）Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the
carrying costs ofthetransaction.
（6）Who's going to pay forthe rest ofthe bill?
（7）Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSXincrease their grip on the
market.
【题目】
31.Accordingto those whosupport mergers, railwaymonopolyis unlikely because .
[A]cost reduction is based oncompetition. [B]services call for cross-trade coordination.
[C]outsidecompetitors will continueto exist. [D] shippers willhave therailway bythethroat.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
5932.Whatismany captive shippers’ attitudetowards theconsolidationinthe rail industry?
[A]Indifferent. [B]Supportive.
[C]Indignant. [D]Apprehensive.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Itcan beinferred from paragraph 3that .
[A]shippers willbe charged less without arival railroad
[B]there willsoon be only onerailroad company nationwide
[C]overcharged shippers are unlikely toappeal for raterelief
[D]agovernment boardensures fair play in railway business
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Theword “arbiters” (Line6,Paragraph 4)most probablyrefers to those .
[A]who work as coordinators
[B]who function as judges
[C]who supervise transactions
[D]who determine theprice
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
6035.Accordingto the text, thecost increase intherail industry ismainlycaused by .
[A]thecontinuingacquisition [B]thegrowing traffic
[C]thecheering Wall Street [D]theshrinking market
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2003 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）★It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.
Smallwonder.
（2）Americans’life expectancy has nearly doubled overthe pastcentury.
（3）★Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute
surgical procedure.
（4）Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered
medicine50years ago.
61（5）But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality
nowthreatens thisgreatness ofours.
【第二段】
（1）Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal
conditions.
（2）★We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to
besolved.
（3）★Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can
possiblybedone for us,even ifit’s useless.
（4）Themost obviousexampleis late-stage cancer care.
（5）★Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the
patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what isscientifically justified.
【第三段】
（1）In 1950,theU.S .spent $12.7billiononhealth care. In 2002,thecostwill be$1,540billion.
62（2）Anyonecan see thistrend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willingto try to reverseit.
（3）Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for
medical care thatsustains lifebeyond acertain age—say 83or so.
（4）Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm
“have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their
potential.
【第四段】
（1）Iwould not go that far.
（2）Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly
productive.
（3）At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstonejokingly claims to be53.
（4）Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C.
EverettKoop chairs an Internet start-up inhis 80s.
（5）★These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health
problems that comenaturally with age.
63（6）As amere 68-year-old, Iwish to ageas productively as they have.
【第五段】
（1）Yet there are limits to what asociety can spend in thispursuit.
（2）As aphysician, Iknowthemost costly and dramatic measures may beineffective and painful.
（3）★I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care,
have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have.
（4）As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on
humblertherapies that could improvepeople’s lives.
【题目】
36.Whatisimpliedin thefirstsentence?
[A]Americans are better prepared for death than otherpeople.
[B]Americans enjoya higherlife qualitythan ever before.
[C]Americans are over-confident oftheirmedical technology.
[D] Americans takeavain prideintheirlong lifeexpectancy.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
6437.Theauthoruses the exampleofcancer patients to showthat .
[A]medical resources are often wasted
[B]doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
[C]sometreatments are tooaggressive
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.Theauthor'sattitudetoward Richard Lamm’s remark is oneof .
[A]strong disapproval
[B]reserved consent
[C]slight contempt
[D] enthusiasticsupport
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Incontrast to the U.S., JapanandSweden are fundingtheir medical care .
[A]moreflexibly. [B]more extravagantly.
[C]more cautiously. [D]more reasonably.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
6540.Thetextintends to express theidea that .
[A]medicinewill further prolong people’slives.
[B]lifebeyond acertain limitis notworth living.
[C]death shouldbe accepted as afact oflife.
[D] excessivedemands increase thecost ofhealth care.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2004 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job
database ontheInternet.
（2）Hesearched it with nosuccess butwas attracted bythesite’s “personal search agent”.
（3）★It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary,
then E-mails them when amatching positionis posted in thedatabase.
（4）Redmon chosethekeywords legal, intellectual property andWashington, D.C.
66（5）Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening.
（6）“I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as
in-housecounsel fora company.
【第二段】
（1）With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be
time-consuming and inefficient.
（2）Search agents reduce theneed forrepeated visitsto thedatabases.
（3）But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks.
（4）Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you:“Every time you answer a question
you eliminateapossibility,” says one expert.
【第三段】
（1）For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to
do—then broaden it.
（2）“None ofthese programs dothat,” says another expert.
（3）“There’s nocareer counseling implicitin all ofthis.”
67（4）★Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a
particular database; when you get E-mail, consider ita remindertocheck the database again.
（5）“I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest
me,”says theauthorof ajob-searching guide.
【第四段】
（1）Somesites design their agents totempt jobhunters to return.
（2）★When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for
example,it includes only three potential jobs—thoseit considers thebest matches.
（3）There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find
them—and they do.
（4）“On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets,
vicepresident ofmarketing forCareerSite.
【第五段】
（1）Even thosewho aren’t huntingfor jobsmay find search agents worthwhile.
68（2）★Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather
information oncompensation to arm themselves when negotiatingfor araise.
（3）Although happily employed, Redmon maintains hisagent at CareerBuilder.
（4）“You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means
having another set ofeyes looking outfor you.
【题目】
21.HowdidRedmon findhis job?
[A]By searching openings ina job database. [B]By postinga matching positionin adatabase.
[C]By using aspecial service ofadatabase. [D] By E-mailing his resume toa database.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Whichof thefollowingcan beadisadvantageof search agents?
[A]Lackof counseling. [B]Limited numberofvisits.
[C]Lower efficiency. [D] Fewersuccessful matches.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
6923.Theexpression “tipservice” (Line3,Paragraph 3) most probablymeans .
[A]advisory [B]compensation
[C]interaction [D] reminder
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Whydoes CareerSite’s agent offereach job hunter only three joboptions?
[A]To focus onbetter job matches.
[B]To attract more returning visits.
[C]To reserve space for moremessages.
[D] To increase the rateofsuccess.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Whichof thefollowingis true according to thetext?
[A]Personal search agents are indispensabletojob-hunters.
[B]Somesites keep E-mailing job seekers totrace their demands.
[C]Personal search agents are also helpful tothose already employed.
[D] Someagents stop sending information to peopleonce they are employed.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
70年
2004 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made
illegal.
（2）But one insidiousform continues to thrive: alphabetism.
（3）★This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those
whosesurnames begin with aletter inthelower half ofthealphabet.
【第二段】
（1）It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars
when customers thumbthrough their phonedirectories.
（2）Less well known is theadvantage that Adam Abbott has in lifeover ZoëZysman.
（3）Englishnames are fairly evenly spread between thehalves ofthealphabet.
（4）Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A
and K.
71【第三段】
（1）★Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C
respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first
halfof thealphabet againstjust 16in thesecond half.
（2）Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are
alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien andKoizumi).
（3）The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the
topof thealphabet, even if oneofthem really uses Japanese characters.
（4）As are theworld's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellisonand Albrecht).
【第四段】
（1）Can thismerely becoincidence?
（2）★One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is
that therot sets in early.
72（3）At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to
makeit easier toremember theirnames.
（4）So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving
questionsposed bythoseinsensitiveteachers.
（5）At thetimethealphabetically disadvantaged may thinkthey havehad alucky escape.
（6）Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as
less confidencein speaking publicly.
【第五段】
（1）Thehumiliationcontinues.
（2）At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they
reach theZysmans mostpeopleare literally having aZZZ.
（3）★Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees:
all tend to bedrawn upalphabetically, and theirrecipients loseinterest as they plough through them.
【题目】
7326.Whatdoesthe authorintendto illustrate withAAAA cars andZodiac cars?
[A]Akind ofoverlooked inequality. [B]Atype of conspicuous bias.
[C]Atype of personal prejudice. [D] Akind ofbrand discrimination.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Whatcan weinfer fromthefirstthree paragraphs?
[A]In both East and West, names are essential tosuccess.
[B]The alphabet is to blameforthe failure ofZoe Zysman.
[C]Customers often pay alot ofattention to companies’ names.
[D] Someform ofdiscrimination istoo subtletorecognize.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.The4thparagraph suggests that .
[A]questionsare often put to themoreintelligent students
[B]alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class
[C]teachers shouldpay attention to alloftheir students
[D] studentsshouldbeseated according totheireyesight
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
7429.Whatdoesthe authormean by “mostpeopleare literally havingaZZZ” (Line2,Paragraph
5)?
[A]They are getting impatient.
[B]They are noisilydozingoff.
[C]They are feeling humiliated.
[D] They are busy with word puzzles.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Whichof thefollowingis true according to thetext?
[A]Peoplewith surnames beginning with Nto Z are often ill-treated.
[B]VIPs in theWestern world gain agreat deal from alphabetism.
[C]The campaign to eliminatealphabetism stillhas along way to go.
[D] Puttingthings alphabetically may lead to unintentionalbias.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
年
2004 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）When itcomes tothe slowingeconomy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails justyet.
75（2）But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to,
either.
（3）Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly
stopped showing up.
（4）Spero blames the softening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a
service that people candowithout when they're concerned about saving somedollars.”
（5）So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban
Cleveland home, instead ofNeiman Marcus.
（6）“Idon't knowif otherclients are going to abandon me, too,”shesays.
【第二段】
（1）Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of
working folks had already seen signs oftheslowdown themselves.
（2）From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their
spending.
76（3）For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and
Christmas,thecautious approach is coming at acrucial time.
（4）Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7percent from last year's pace.
（5）But don’t sound any alarms just yet.
（6）★Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic
about theeconomy's long-term prospects evenas they dosomemodest belt-tightening.
【第三段】
（1）Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes
stillfeel pretty good.
（2）Homeprices are holdingsteady in mostregions.
（3）In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range,
predominantly fed byWallStreet bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran.
（4）In San Francisco, prices arestill risingeven as frenzied overbidding quiets.
77（5）“Instead of 20 to 30offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area
real-estatebroker.
（6）And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about theirability to findand keep ajob.
【第四段】
（1）★Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower
interest rates.
（2）Employers wouldn't mind alittlefewer bubbles in thejobmarket.
（3）Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now
viewas a necessary ingredient to asustained boom.
（4）Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant
usedto beimpossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan &Co. may still beworth toasting.
【题目】
31.By “Ellen Spero isn’tbiting hernailsjustyet”(Line1,Paragraph 1),the authormeans .
[A]Spero can hardly maintain her business [B]Spero is too muchengaged in her work
[C]Spero has grown out ofher badhabit [D] Spero is notin a desperatesituation
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
7832.Howdothe publicfeel aboutthecurrenteconomic situation?
[A]Optimistic. [B]Confused.
[C]Carefree. [D] Panicked.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Whenmentioning “the$4millionto $10millionrange” (Line3,Paragraph 3), theauthoris
talkingabout .
[A]gold market [B]real estate
[C]stock exchange [D]venture investment
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Whycan many peoplesee “silverlinings” to theeconomic slowdown?
[A]They would benefit in certain ways.
[B]The stock market shows signs ofrecovery.
[C]Such aslowdown usuallyprecedes a boom.
[D] Thepurchasing power would beenhanced.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
7935.To whichofthe followingis theauthorlikelyto agree?
[A]Anewboom, onthehorizon.
[B]Tighten thebelt, thesingle remedy.
[C]Caution all right, panicnot.
[D] Themore ventures, themore chances.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2004 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Americans today don't place avery high valueonintellect.
（2）Ourheroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars.
（3）Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue
knowledge forthesake ofknowledge.
（4）Symptomsof pervasive anti-intellectualism in ourschools aren't difficult to find.
【第二段】
80（1）“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says
educationwriter Diane Ravitch.
（2）“Schools couldbea counterbalance.”
（3）★Ravitch's latest book. Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of
anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American
distasteforintellectual pursuits.
【第三段】
（1）But they could andshould be.
（2）Encouraging kidsto reject thelifeof themindleaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.
（3）Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others,
they cannot fully participate in ourdemocracy.
（4）Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We
willhave aless civil society.”
【第四段】
（1）★“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard
Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of
anti-intellectualism in USpolitics, religion, and education.
81（2）From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have
driven us to reject anything that smells ofelitism.
（3）Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities
than anything you could learn from abook.
【第五段】
（1）Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous
book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation
rooms for10or 15years and come out at lastwith abellyful ofwords and donot knowathing.”
（2）Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finnexemplified American anti-intellectualism.
（3）Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his
innategoodness.
【第六段】
（1）Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly
admire.
（2）Intellect is thecritical, creative, and contemplativesideofthemind.
82（3）Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders,
wonders, theorizes, criticizes,and imagines.
【第七段】
（1）Schoolremains aplace where intellect ismistrusted.
（2）Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and
militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show
theleast intellectual promise.”
【题目】
36.WhatdoAmerican parents expect theirchildren to acquireinschool?
[A]Thehabit ofthinking independently.
[B]Profound knowledge ofthe world.
[C]Practical abilities forfuture career.
[D] Theconfidencein intellectual pursuits.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
8337.Wecan learn fromthe text thatAmericans haveahistory of .
[A]undervaluing intellect
[B]favoring intellectualism
[C]supporting school reform
[D] suppressing nativeintelligence
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.TheviewsofRavitch andEmerson on schooling are .
[A]identical [B]similar
[C]complementary [D] opposite
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Emerson, accordingto thetext, is probably .
[A]apioneer ofeducation reform
[B]an opponent ofintellectualism
[C]ascholar in favor ofintellect
[D] anadvocateof regular schooling
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
8440.Whatdoesthe authorthinkofintellect?
[A]It issecond to intelligence.
[B]It evolves from common sense.
[C]It is to bepursued.
[D] It underlies power.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2005 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Everybody loves afat pay rise.
（2）Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.
（3） Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.
（4）Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other
animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
（5）But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia,
which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
85【第二段】
（1）The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.
（2）They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food
readily.
（3）Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the
value of “goods and services” than males.
【第三段】
（1）Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study.
（2）The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.
（3）Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.
（4）★However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each
could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly
different.
【第四段】
（1）In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).
86（2）So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant
to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.
（3）And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other
either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of
cucumber.
（4）Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it)
was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
【第五段】
（1）The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.
（2）In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species.
（3）Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.
（4）Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.
（5）Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of
the group.
87（6）However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or
whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an
unanswered question.
【题目】
21.Intheopening paragraph,theauthor introduces his topicby .
[A]posinga contrast
[B]justifying an assumption
[C]making acomparison
[D] explaining aphenomenon
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Thestatement“itis alltoo monkey”（Lastline,Paragraph l）implies that .
[A]monkeys are also outraged byslack rivals
[B]resenting unfairness isalso monkeys' nature
[C]monkeys, likehumans, tend to be jealous ofeach other
[D] noanimals otherthan monkeys can develop such emotions
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
8823.Female capuchinmonkeys were chosen for theresearch most probablybecausethey are .
[A]moreinclined to weigh what they get
[B]attentiveto researchers’ instructions
[C]nice inboth appearance and temperament
[D] moregenerous than theirmale companions
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A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Dr. Brosnanand Dr. deWaal haveeventually foundin theirstudy thatthemonkeys .
[A]prefergrapes to cucumbers [B]can betaught to exchange things
[C]will notbe co-operativeif feeling cheated [D] are unhappy when separated from others
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Whatcan weinfer fromthelastparagraph？
[A]Monkeys can betrained to develop social emotions.
[B]Human indignation evolved from anuncertain source.
[C]Animals usually showtheirfeelings openly as humans do.
[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stableonly in thewild.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
89年
2005 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the
doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?
（2）That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain?
（3）That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay
out of the way?
（4）Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers
went to early graves.
【第二段】
（1）There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to
the growing threat of global warming.
（2）The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to
tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
（3）The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.
90（4）The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to
the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers.
（5）★But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that
our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide
concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
【第三段】
（1）Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global
warming is incomplete, that it’s OKtokeep pouring fumes intothe airuntil weknowfor sure.
（2）This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late.
（3）With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
【第四段】
（1）Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention.
（2）But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming
seriously.
91（3）Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research—a classic case of
“paralysis by analysis”.
【第五段】
（1）To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric
and oceanic research.
（2）But research alone isinadequate.
（3）If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin
fashioning conservation measures.
（4）A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial
incentives for private industry, is a promising start.
（5）Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy
needs.
（6）If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be
environmentally sound.
【题目】
9226.Anargument madebysupporters ofsmoking was that .
[A]therewas no scientificevidence ofthecorrelation between smoking and death
[B]thenumber ofearly deaths ofsmokers in thepast decades was insignificant
[C]people had thefreedom to choose theirown way oflife
[D] antismokingpeople were usually talkingnonsense
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Accordingto Bruce Alberts, science can serve as .
[A]aprotector [B]ajudge
[C]acritic [D] aguide
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Whatdoesthe authormean by “paralysisbyanalysis”（Lastline, Paragraph 4）?
[A]Endless studieskill action.
[B]Careful investigation revealstruth.
[C]Prudent planning hinders progress.
[D] Extensiveresearch helps decision-making.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
9329.Accordingto the author, whatshouldtheAdministration do aboutglobal warming?
[A]Offer aid to build cleanerpower plants.
[B]Raisepublicawareness of conservation.
[C]Press for further scientific research.
[D] Takesome legislativemeasures.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Theauthorassociates theissueofglobalwarming withthat ofsmokingbecause .
[A]they both suffered from thegovernment's negligence
[B]alesson from thelatter isapplicable to theformer
[C]theoutcome ofthelatteraggravates theformer
[D] bothof them haveturned from bad to worse
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2005 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.
94（2）In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.
（3）A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised
shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to
thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes
on during sleep.
（4）Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating
moods while the brain is “off-line.”
（5）And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only
harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your
dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center.
（6）“If you don't likeit,change it.”
【第二段】
（1）Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.
（2）★The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams
occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.
95（3）But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is
especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively
quiet.
（4）“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.”
says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
【第三段】
（1）The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.
（2）★Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier
ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during
the day.
（3）Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the
emotional significance of the day’s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.
【第四段】
（1）And this process need not be left to the unconscious.
（2）Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.
96（3）As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.
（4）Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just
enough to control its course.
（5）With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
【第五段】
（1）At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless
they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says.
（2）Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s
anxiety.
（3）Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.
（4）For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather
dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.
【题目】
9731.Researchers havecome to believe thatdreams .
[A]can be modified intheir courses
[B]are susceptible toemotional changes
[C]reflect our innermost desires and fears
[D] are arandom outcome ofneural repairs
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
32.By referring tothe limbicsystem, theauthor intends to show .
[A]itsfunction in ourdreams
[B]themechanism ofREM sleep
[C]therelation ofdreams toemotions
[D] itsdifference from the prefrontal cortex
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Thenegativefeelingsgenerated duringtheday tend to .
[A]aggravatein ourunconscious mind. [B]develop intohappy dreams.
[C]persist tillthetimewe fall asleep. [D] showupindreams early at night.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
9834.Cartwrightseems to suggestthat .
[A]waking upin timeis essential tothe riddingof bad dreams
[B]visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
[C]dreams should beleft to theirnatural progression
[D] dreaming maynot entirely belong to theunconscious
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
35.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgiveto thosewho sometimes havebaddreams?
[A]Leadyour lifeas usual.
[B]Seek professional help.
[C]Exerciseconscious control.
[D] Avoid anxiety in thedaytime.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2005 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the
English language with skill and gift.
99（2） Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.
（3）★In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of language and Music and Why
We Should Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and
conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of
formal English.
【第二段】
（1）Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the
decline in education.
（2）★Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the
gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss
of the case-endings of Old English.
【第三段】
（1）But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of
formal speech, writing, poetry and music.
（2）★While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before
the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on
the page.
100（3）Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim
real liveliness.
（4）In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
【第四段】
（1） Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend
that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable.
（2）But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care.
（3）★As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard
ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the
world that cannot convey complex ideas.
（4）He isnot arguing, as many do,that we can nolonger thinkstraight because we donottalk proper.
【第五段】
（1）Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry
in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to
most English-speakers.
101（2）Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no
radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than
useful.
（3）We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”.
（4）A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
【题目】
36.Accordingto Mc Whorter, the declineofformal English .
[A]isinevitable inradical education reforms
[B]is butall too natural in language development
[C]has causedthe controversy over thecounter-culture
[D] brought about changes in publicattitudesinthe1960s
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
37.Theword “talking”（Linge6, Paragraph3）denotes .
[A]modesty [B]personality
[C]liveliness [D] informality
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
10238.To whichofthe followingstatements wouldMcWhorter mostlikely agree?
[A]Logical thinkingis not necessarily related to theway wetalk.
[B]Black English can bemoreexpressivethan standard English.
[C]Non-standard varieties of human languageare justas entertaining.
[D] Ofall thevarieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.ThedescriptionofRussians' loveof memorizing poetry shows theauthor's .
[A]interest in theirlanguage
[B]appreciation oftheir efforts
[C]admiration for theirmemory
[D] contempt fortheirold-fashionedness
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
40.Accordingto the lastparagraph, “paperplates” is to “china” as .
[A] “temporary” is to “permanent” [B] “radical” isto “conservative”
[C] “functional” is to “artistic” [D] “humble” is to “noble”
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
103年
2006 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（ 1 ） In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine
for homogenizing people.
（2）There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence
of deference” characteristic of popular culture.
（ 3 ） ★ People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century
department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.
（4）★Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could
enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”
（5） The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
【第二段】
（1）Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating
but is hardly poisonous.
104（ 2 ） Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s
immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation.
（3）In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent.
（4） In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years
prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.
（5）Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.
【第三段】
（1）The 1990 Census revealed that“a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common
countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years ofresidence.”
（2）The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English.
（3） “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”
（4）Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages.
（5）By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of
75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
105【第四段】
（1）Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born
whites and blacks.”
（2）By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41
percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
【第五段】
（1）Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like
Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within
the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
【第六段】
（1）Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to
have a bit of everything.
（2）But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly
suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
【题目】
10621.Theword “homogenizing” (Line2,Paragraph 1)most probably means .
[A]identifying [B]associating
[C]assimilating [D] monopolizing
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Accordingto the author, thedepartment stores ofthe 19thcentury .
[A]played a roleinthespread ofpopular culture.
[B]becameintimateshops forcommon consumers.
[C]satisfied theneeds of aknowledgeable elite.
[D] owed its emergenceto theculture of consumption.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
23.Thetextsuggests that immigrants nowinthe U.S. .
[A]are resistant to homogenization.
[B]exert agreat influence onAmerican culture.
[C]are hardly athreat to thecommon culture.
[D] constitutethe majorityof thepopulation.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
10724.Whyare Arnold Schwarzenegger andGarth Brooksmentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A]To provetheir popularity around the world.
[B]To reveal thepublic’s fear ofimmigrants.
[C]To give examples ofsuccessful immigrants.
[D] To showthepowerful influence ofAmerican culture.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Intheauthor’s opinion,the absorptionofimmigrants into American society is .
[A]rewarding
[B]successful
[C]fruitless
[D] harmful
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2006 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there
are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.
108（2） There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the
plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.
（3）And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but
to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
【第二段】
（1）The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.
（2）They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and
noisiness.
（3）★ It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was
himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.
【第三段】
（1）The tourist streams are not entirely separate.
（2）The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on
the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in
Stratford.
（3）However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.
109（4）It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they
spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.
（5）The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.
【第四段】
（1）The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the
subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.
（2）Stratford cries poortraditionally.
（3）Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.
（4）Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet
Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very
expensive.
【第五段】
（1）Anyway, thetownsfolk can’t understand why theRoyal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.
（2）(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats
were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.)
110（3）The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
【第六段】
（1）It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people
who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.
（2） They come entirely for the plays, not the sights.
（3）★They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces,
wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones
outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to
them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
【题目】
26.From thefirst twoparagraphs, welearn that .
[A]thetownsfolk deny theRSC’s contributionto thetown’s revenue
[B]theactors ofthe RSCimitateShakespeare onand off stage
[C]thetwo branches oftheRSCare not ongood terms
[D] thetownsfolk earn littlefrom tourism
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
11127.Itcan beinferred from Paragraph 3that .
[A]thesightseers cannot visittheCastleand thePalace separately
[B]theplaygoers spend more money than thesightseers
[C]thesightseers domoreshopping than theplaygoers
[D] theplaygoers go tonoother places in town than the theater
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Bysaying"Stratfordcries poortraditionally”(Line2,Paragraph4),the authorimpliesthat .
[A]Stratford cannot afford theexpansionprojects
[B]Stratford has long beenin financial difficulties
[C]thetown is not really short of money
[D] thetownsfolk used to bepoorly paid
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
29.Accordingto the townsfolk,the RSCdeserves nosubsidy because .
[A]ticket prices canberaised to cover thespending [B]thecompany isfinancially ill-managed
[C]thebehavior oftheactors is not socially acceptable [D] thetheatre attendanceis ontherise
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
11230.From thetext wecan concludethat theauthor .
[A]issupportiveof both sides
[B]favors thetownsfolk’s view
[C]takes adetached attitude
[D] issympatheticto theRSC
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2006 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the
large animals: they suddenly became extinct.
（2）Smaller species survived.
（3）The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.
（4）Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
【第二段】
（1）That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
113（2）What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things
are changing.
（3）They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.
（4）Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological
matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.
（5）According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that
kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start
of exploitation..
（6） In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
【第三段】
（1） Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.
（2） One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.
（3）Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50
years ago.
（4）★That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference
between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.
114（5）In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish.
（6）Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have
been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.
（7） Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they
had been hooked.
（8）That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
【第四段】
（1）Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future
management efforts must take into account.
（2）They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting
baseline”.
（3）The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the
ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.
115（4）★That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped
from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.
（5）Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
【题目】
31.Theextinction oflargeprehistoric animals is noted to suggestthat .
[A]largeanimals were vulnerable to thechanging environment.
[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared.
[C]large sea animals may face thesame threat today.
[D] slow-growing fish outlivefast-growing ones
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
32.Wecan infer from Dr. Myers andDr. Worm’s paperthat .
[A]thestock oflarge predators in someold fisheries has reduced by90%.
[B]there are onlyhalfas many fisheries as there were 15years ago.
[C]thecatch sizesinnew fisheries are only 20%oftheoriginal amount.
[D] thenumberof large predators dropped faster in newfisheries than inthe old.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
11633.By saying “thesefigures are conservative” (Line1,Paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that .
[A]fishingtechnology has improved rapidly
[B]then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded
[C]themarine biomass has suffered agreaterloss
[D] thedatacollected so far are out ofdate.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Dr. Myers and otherresearchers holdthat .
[A]peopleshould look fora baselinethat can work for alonger time.
[B]fisheries should keep theiryields below50%ofthebiomass
[C]theoceanbiomass shouldberestored to its original level.
[D] peopleshould adjust thefishing baselineto thechanging situation
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
35.Theauthorseems to bemainlyconcerned with mostfisheries’ .
[A]management efficiency [B]biomass level
[C]catch-sizelimits [D] technological application.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
117年
2006 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Many things make people think artists are weird.
（2）But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to
focus on the ones that feel bad.
【第二段】
（1）Thiswasn’t always so.
（2）The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy.
（3）★But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as
meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to
Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.
【第三段】
（1）You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen
so much misery.
（2）But it’s not as ifearliertimes didn’t knowperpetual war, disaster and themassacre ofinnocents.
118（3）The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world
today.
【第四段】
（1）After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting
happiness?
（2） Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,
and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
【第五段】
（1）People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery.
（2）They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young.
（3）In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the
church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be
meat for worms.
（4）Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
【第六段】
（1）Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial,
and forever happy.
119（2）Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling.
（3）Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.
（4）And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very
idea of happiness seem unreliable.
（5）“Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could
increase the risk of heart attacks.
【第七段】
（1）But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than
pleasure withoutpain.
（2）Thethings that bring thegreatest joy carry thegreatest potential for lossand disappointment.
（3）★Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once
did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in
denying thisbut in livingwith it.
（4）It’s amessage even morebitter than aclove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
【题目】
12036.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show
that .
[A]poetry is not as expressiveofjoy as painting ormusic.
[B]art grows out ofboth positiveand negative feelings.
[C]poets today are less skeptical ofhappiness.
[D] artistshave changed theirfocus ofinterest.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
37.Theword “bummer” (Line5.Paragraph 5)most probably means something .
[A]religious [B]unpleasant
[C]entertaining [D] commercial
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
38.Intheauthor’s opinion,advertising .
[A]emerges in thewakeof theanti-happy art.
[B]is acause of disappointmentfor thegeneral public.
[C]replaces thechurch as amajor source ofinformation.
[D] creates an illusionof happiness rather than happiness itself.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
12139.Wecan learn fromthe lastparagraphthatthe authorbelieves .
[A]happiness moreoften than not ends in sadness.
[B]theanti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing.
[C]misery should beenjoyed rather thandenied.
[D] theanti-happy art flourishes when economy booms.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
40.Whichof thefollowingis true ofthetext?
[A]Religion once functioned as areminder ofmisery.
[B]Art provides abalance between expectation and reality.
[C]Peoplefeel disappointed at therealities ofmodern society.
[D] Mass mediaare inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
122年
2007 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup
tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to
have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.
（2）If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and
professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
【第二段】
（1）What might account for this strange phenomenon?
（ 2 ） Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b)
winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c)
soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer
mania; d) none of the above.
【第三段】
（1）Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he
believes strongly in “none of the above.”
123（2） Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have
more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.
（3）His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then
repeat a random series of numbers.
（4）“With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,”
Ericsson recalls.
（5）“He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”
【第四段】
（1）★This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically
determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than
an intuitive one.
（2）In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to
memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information.
（3）And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a
process known as deliberate practice.
124（4）Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.
（5）Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as
much on technique as on outcome.
【第五段】
（1）Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of
pursuits, including soccer.
（2）They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but
also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.
（3）Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly
overrated.
（4）Or, put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer
programming—are nearly always made, not born.
【题目】
12521.Thebirthday phenomenon foundamong soccer players is mentioned to .
[A]stress theimportance ofprofessional training.
[B]spotlight thesoccer superstars intheWorld Cup.
[C]introduce thetopicofwhat makes expert performance.
[D] explain why somesoccer teams play better than others.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Theword “mania” (Line4,Paragraph 2)most probably means .
[A]fun. [B]craze.
[C]hysteria. [D] excitement.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
23.Accordingto Ericsson, good memory .
[A]depends onmeaningful processing ofinformation.
[B]results from intuitiverather than cognitiveexercises.
[C]is determined bygeneticrather than psychological factors.
[D] requires immediatefeedback andahigh degree ofconcentration.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
12624.Ericsson andhiscolleagues believethat .
[A]talent isa dominatingfactorfor professional success.
[B]biographical data providethekey toexcellent performance.
[C]therole oftalent tends to be overlooked.
[D] high achievers owetheir success mostlyto nurture.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Whichof thefollowingproverbs is closest to the messagethe text tries to convey?
[A] “Faith willmovemountains.”
[B] “One reaps what onesows.”
[C] “Practice makes perfect.”
[D] “Like father, likeson.”
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2007 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column
called “Ask Marilyn.”
127（2） People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of
someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded.
（3）IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been
folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks.
（4）★So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ
is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and
coincidence?
（5）★ It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns
suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
【第二段】
（1）Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.
（2）Just what does it mean to be smart?
（3）How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from
neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
128【第三段】
（1）The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests
are not given as often as they used to be.
（2）The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler
Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version).
（3）Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists,
although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.
（4） Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a
statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the
chronological age and multiplying by 100.
（5）Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate
Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
【第四段】
（1）Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in
school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.
129（2）In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests
best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge,
components also critical to problem solving and life success.
（3）Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.
（4）Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under
low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with
leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite.
（5）★Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether
it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
【题目】
26.Whichof thefollowingmay berequired inan intelligence test?
[A]Answering philosophical questions.
[B]Folding orcutting paper into different shapes.
[C]Telling thedifferences between certain concepts.
[D] Choosingwords or graphs similarto thegiven ones.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
13027.Whatcan beinferred aboutintelligencetesting fromParagraph 3?
[A]Peoplenolongeruse IQ scores as an indicator ofintelligence.
[B]More versions ofIQ tests are nowavailable ontheInternet.
[C]The testcontents and formats for adults and children may be different.
[D] Scientistshave defined the important elements ofhuman intelligence.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
28.Peoplenowadayscan no longerachieve IQscores as highas vos Savant’s because .
[A]thescores are obtained through different computational procedures.
[B]creativity rather than analytical skills isemphasized now.
[C]vos Savant’s case is an extreme onethat will notrepeat.
[D] thedefining characteristicofIQ tests has changed.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
29.Wecan concludefromthelastparagraph that .
[A]testscores may notbe reliable indicators ofone’s ability.
[B]IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.
[C]testing involves alot ofguesswork.
[D] traditional tests are outofdate.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
13130.Whatisthe author’ s attitudetowardsIQ tests?
[A]Supportive.
[B]Skeptical.
[C]Impartial.
[D] Biased.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2007 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）★During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard
work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new
realities.
（2）Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly
middle class to newly poor in a few months.
【第二段】
（1）In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basic family
economics.
132（2）Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these
changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.
（3）Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status.
（4）★As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback–a back-up
earner (usually Mom)who could go into theworkforce iftheprimary earnergot laid off orfell sick.
（5） This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance
or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.
（6）But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an
otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
【第三段】
（1）During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement
income.
（2）★Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of
families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that
they may outlive their retirement money.
133（ 3 ） For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a
savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments
depending on investment returns.
（4）For younger families, the picture is not any better.
（5）Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen—and newly
fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much
higherdeductibles and a largenew doseofinvestment risk for families’ future healthcare.
（6）Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak
elderly parent—and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance—have jumped
eightfold in just one generation.
【第四段】
（1）★From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like
an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening
acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.
（2）The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
【题目】
13431.Today’s double-income families are atgreater financialrisk in that .
[A]thesafety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
[B]theirchances ofbeinglaid off have greatly increased.
[C]they are more vulnerable tochanges infamily economics.
[D] they are deprived of unemployment ordisabilityinsurance.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
32.As aresultof PresidentBush’s reform, retired peoplemayhave .
[A]ahighersense ofsecurity. [B]less secured payments.
[C]less chance toinvest. [D] aguaranteed future.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Accordingto the author, health-savings plans will .
[A]help reduce the costof healthcare.
[B]popularizeamong the middleclass.
[C]compensate for thereduced pensions.
[D] increase thefamilies’ investmentrisk.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
13534.Itcan beinferred from thelastparagraph that .
[A]financial risks tend tooutweigh political risks.
[B]themiddleclass may face greater political challenges.
[C]financial problems may bring about political problems.
[D] financial responsibility is an indicatorofpolitical status.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
35.Whichof thefollowingis thebest titleforthistext?
[A]TheMiddleClass ontheAlert
[B]The MiddleClass ontheCliff
[C]The MiddleClass in Conflict
[D] TheMiddleClass inRuins
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2007 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）It never rains but it pours.
136（2）Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance
troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn
them—especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the
executive suite: data insecurity.
（3）★ Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of
data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on
the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
【第二段】
（1）Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year—from organizations as
diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and
even the University of California, Berkeley—have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate
IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
【第三段】
（1）“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim
Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school.
137（2）“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible
for on behalf of shareholders”.
（3） Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP),
perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New
York’s Columbia Business School.
（4）“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management
issue, not a technical one,” he says.
【第四段】
（1）The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.
（2）Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic
assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that few things are more likely to
destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
【第五段】
（1）The current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of
legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage.
138（2）Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the
victim, when data went astray.
（3）That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in
Washington, D.C.
（4）★ Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America,
disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if
firms fail to provide adequate data security.
【题目】
36.Thestatement “Itnever rains butitpours” isused to introduce .
[A]thefierce business competition.
[B]thefeeble boss-board relations.
[C]thethreat from news reports.
[D] theseverity of dataleakage.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
13937.Accordingto Paragraph 2,some organizations check their systems to findout .
[A]whether thereis any weak point. [B]what sort of datahas been stolen.
[C]who is responsiblefor theleakage. [D] howthepotential spies can belocated.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.Inbringing upthe conceptof GASPthe authoris making thepointthat .
[A]shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.
[B]information protection shouldbe given dueattention.
[C]businesses should enhance theirlevel ofaccounting security.
[D] themarket value ofcustomer datashouldbeemphasized.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Accordingto Paragraph 4,whatpuzzles theauthoris thatsomebosses failto .
[A]seethelink between trust and data protection.
[B]perceive thesensitivity ofpersonal data.
[C]realize thehigh costof datarestoration.
[D] appreciate theeconomicvalue oftrust.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
14040.Itcan beinferred from Paragraph 5that .
[A]dataleakage is moresevere in Europe.
[B]FTC’s decision is essential to datasecurity.
[C]Californiatakes thelead in security legislation.
[D] legal penalty is amajor solution to dataleakage.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2008 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead
in at least one undesirable category.
（2 ） “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in
response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s
Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
【第二段】
141（1）★Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the
stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males
under the same conditions.
（ 2 ） In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female
reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
【第三段】
（1）Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for
stress.
（2）“It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to
cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda.
（3）“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just
that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and
sooner.”
【第四段】
（1）Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes.
142（2）“I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or
repeated nature.
（3）Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random
physical violence.
（4）The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations,
by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.
（5）The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”
【第五段】
（1）Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college.
（2） “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was
my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.”
（3）Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care
of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.
（4）I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”
【第六段】
143（1）Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes.
（2）But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the
strain.
（3）Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it
threatens your health and your ability to function.
【题目】
21.Whichof thefollowingis true according to thefirsttwo paragraphs?
[A]Women are biologically morevulnerable to stress.
[B]Women are still suffering much stress caused bymen.
[C]Women are moreexperienced than men incoping withstress.
[D] Men and women showdifferent inclinationswhen faced withstress.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests thatwomen .
[A]need extradoses ofchemicalsto handle stress. [B]have limited capacity for tolerating stress.
[C]are more capable ofavoiding stress. [D] are exposedto more stress.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
14423.Accordingto Paragraph 4,thestress women confronttends to be .
[A]domesticand temporary. [B]irregular and violent.
[C]durable and frequent. [D] trivialand random.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Thesentence “I lived frompaycheck to paycheck.” (Line6,Para. 5)showsthat .
[A]Alvarez cared about nothingbut making money.
[B]Alvarez’s salary barely covered her householdexpenses.
[C]Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.
[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Whichof thefollowingwouldbethe besttitleforthe text?
[A]Strainof Stress:No WayOut?
[B]Responses toStress: Gender Difference
[C]Stress Analysis: WhatChemicals Say
[D] Gender Inequality: WomenUnder Stress
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
145年
2008 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）It used to beso straightforward.
（2）A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their
research to a journal.
（3）A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send
it to their peers for review.
（4）Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or
decline it.
（5）Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results
would have to subscribe to the journal.
【第二段】
（1）No longer.
（2）★The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial
publishers are making money from government–funded research by restricting access to it—is
making free access to scientific results a reality.
146（3）The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a
report describing the far-reaching consequences of this.
（4）The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the
OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.
（5）But it goes further than that.
（6） It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavour.
【第三段】
（1）The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part,
upon wide distribution and ready access.
（2）It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7
billion and $11 billion.
（3）The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there
are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.
（4）They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
【第四段】
147（1）Thisis now changing.
（2）According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online.
（3）Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s
authors.
（4）There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of
online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.
（5）There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to
pay for the paper to be published.
（ 6 ） Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or
international laboratories support institutional repositories.
（7）★Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where
journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely
available to everyone who wishes to see it.
（8）All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication
of papers.
【题目】
14826.Inthefirstparagraph, theauthordiscusses .
[A]thebackground information ofjournal editing.
[B]thepublication routineof laboratory reports.
[C]therelations ofauthors with journal publishers.
[D] thetraditional process ofjournal publication.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Whichof thefollowingis true oftheOECDreport?
[A]It criticizesgovernment-funded research. [B]It introduces an effective means of publication.
[C]It upsets profit-making journal publishers. [D] It benefits scientific research considerably.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Accordingto the text, onlinepublicationis significantin that .
[A]itprovides aneasier access toscientific results.
[B]it brings huge profits to scientificresearchers.
[C]it emphasizes thecrucial roleofscientific knowledge.
[D] itfacilitates publicinvestment in scientificresearch.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
14929.With theopen-access publishing model, the authorof apaper isrequired to .
[A]cover thecost ofits publication.
[B]subscribe to thejournal publishingit.
[C]allowother onlinejournals to useit freely.
[D] completethepeer-review before submission.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Whichof thefollowingbest summarizes the text?
[A]TheInternet is posinga threat topublishers.
[B]Anew modeofpublication is emerging.
[C]Authors welcome thenew channel forpublication.
[D] Publication is rendered easier byonlineservice.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2008 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National
Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet.
150（2） If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.
（3）The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and
managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,
longer frames.
【第二段】
（1）The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have
generally stopped growing.
（2）Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people—especially
those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations—apparently reached their
limit in the early 1960s.
（3）And they aren’tlikely toget any taller.
（4） “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone
as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University.
（5） In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly
common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
151【第三段】
（1）Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably,
protein—to feed expanding tissues.
（2）At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.
（3）But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height
by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.
（4）Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5'9" for men,
5'4" for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.
【第四段】
（1）Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.
（2）During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.
（3）★Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back
continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by
oversize limbs.
152（4）“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual
organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
【第五段】
（1）Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon.
（2）Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures
that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.
（3） She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for
some time.
（4）And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,
Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today's data and feel fairly confident.”
【题目】
31.WiltChamberlainis cited as an exampleto .
[A]illustratethe change ofheight ofNBA players.
[B]showthepopularity of NBA players intheU.S.
[C]compare different generationsof NBA players.
[D] assess theachievements offamous NBA players.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
15332.Whichof thefollowingplays akey rolein bodygrowthaccordingto thetext?
[A]Genetic modification. [B]Natural environment.
[C]Living standards. [D] Daily exercise.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Onwhich ofthefollowing statements would theauthormostprobablyagree?
[A]Non-Americans add to theaverageheight of thenation.
[B]Human height is conditioned bytheupright posture.
[C]Americans are thetallest onaverage intheworld.
[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Welearn fromthe lastparagraphthatin thenear future .
[A]thegarment industry will reconsider theuniform size.
[B]thedesign of military uniforms will remain unchanged.
[C]genetic testingwill beemployed inselecting sportsmen.
[D] theexistingdata ofhuman height willstillbe applicable.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
15435.Thetextintends to tell us that .
[A]thechange ofhuman height follows a cyclicpattern.
[B]human height is becoming even morepredictable.
[C]Americans have reached theirgenetic growth limit.
[D] thegenetic pattern ofAmericans has altered.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2008 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52,
was nearly toothless.
（2） So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the
mouths of his slaves.
【第二段】
（1）That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from
their history books.
155（2）But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the role slavery played in the lives of the
founding generation.
（3）They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost
certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.
（4）And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.
（5）Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders
and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.
（ 6 ） More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was
wrong—and yet most did little to fight it.
【第三段】
（1）More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.
（2）★While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood
that itwas part of thepolitical and economicbedrock ofthecountry they helped to create.
【第四段】
156（1）For onething, theSouthcould not afford to part with itsslaves.
（2）Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect
God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America.
（3）The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the
“peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of
congressional representation.
【第五段】
（1）And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.
（2）The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of
1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.
（3）Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land
was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
【第六段】
（1）Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately
150 other slaves.
157（2）Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the
bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his
relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.
（3）Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.
【题目】
36.George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to .
[A]showtheprimitivemedical practicein thepast.
[B]demonstrate thecruelty ofslavery in hisdays.
[C]stress therole ofslaves intheU.S.history.
[D] reveal someunknown aspect ofhis life.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
37.Wemay infer fromthesecond paragraph that .
[A]DNAtechnology has been widely applied to history research.
[B]in itsearly days the U.S.was confronted with delicate situations.
[C]historians deliberately madeupsome storiesof Jefferson’s life.
[D] political compromises are easily foundthroughout theU.S. history.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
15838.Whatdowelearn aboutThomas Jefferson?
[A]Hispolitical view changed his attitudetowards slavery.
[B]His status as afather madehim free thechild slaves.
[C]His attitudetowards slavery was complex.
[D] Hisaffair with aslave stained his prestige.
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A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Whichof thefollowingis true according to thetext?
[A]SomeFounding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.
[B]Slaves in theold days didnot have theright tovote.
[C]Slaveowners usually had large savings accounts.
[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
40.Washington’s decisionto free slaves originated fromhis .
[A]moral considerations. [B]military experience.
[C]financial conditions. [D] political stand.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
159年
2009 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Habits are afunny thing.
（2）We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious
comfort of familiarroutine.
（3） "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th
century.
（4） In theever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries anegative implication.
【第二段】
（1）Soit seems paradoxical to talk about habitsinthesame contextas creativityand innovation.
（2）★But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create
parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new,
innovativetracks.
【第三段】
（1）Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our
own change byconsciously developing newhabits.
160（2）In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more
inherently creative webecome, both in theworkplaceand inour personal lives.
【第四段】
（1）But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the the
brain, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel
pathways that can bypass those oldroads.
【第五段】
（1）"The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova,
authorof "The Open Mind" .
（2）"But we are taught instead to 'decide,' just as our president calls himself'the Decider.' " She adds,
however, that "to decide istokilloff all possibilities but one.
（3）Agood innovational thinkeris always exploring themany otherpossibilities."
【第六段】
（1）Allof us work through problems inways ofwhich we're unaware, she says.
（2）Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach
challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and
innovatively.
161（3）At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only
thosemodes ofthought that have seemed mostvaluableduring thefirst decade orso oflife.
【第七段】
（1）The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that
few ofus inherently use ourinnovativeand collaborativemodes of thought.
（2）"This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,"
explainsM. J. Ryan, authorof the2006bookThisYear IWill... andMs. Markova's business partner.
（3）"That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you're good at
and doing even moreof itcreates excellence."
（4）Thisis where developing new habitscomes in.
【题目】
21.InWordsworth’s view, “habit” is characterized bybeing .
[A]casual [B]familiar
[C]mechanical [D] changeable.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
16222.Brainresearchers havediscovered thatthe formation ofnewhabits can be .
[A]predicted [B]regulated
[C]traced [D] guided
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
23.Theword “ruts”(Line1, Paragraph 4)is closestin meaningto .
[A]tracks
[B]series
[C]characteristics
[D] connections
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.DawnaMarkova wouldmost probably agree that .
[A]ideas are born ofarelaxing mind
[B]innovativeness could betaught
[C]decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas
[D] curiosity activates creative minds
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
16325.Ryan’s comments suggestthatthe practice ofstandardized testing .
[A]prevents new habits frombeing formed
[B]nolonger emphasizes commonness
[C]maintains theinherent American thinkingmode
[D] complies withthe American belief system
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2009 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly)
wisdom –orat least confirm that he's thekid's dad.
（2）All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and
another $120toget theresults.
【第二段】
（1）★More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without
prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes
theover-the-counterkits.
164（2）More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public , ranging in price from a
few hundred dollars tomore than $2,500.
【第三段】
（1）Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find
theirbiological relatives and families can usetotrack down kids put upforadoption.
（2）DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists—and supports businesses that
offer to search for afamily's geographicroots .
【第四段】
（1）Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company
fortesting.
（2）Alltests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
【第五段】
（1）But some observers are skeptical, "There’s a kind of false precision being hawked by people
claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Trey Duster, aNew York University sociologist.
（2）He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering inthe hundreds just a few centuries
back.
165（3）Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited
through menin afather's lineor mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers.
（4）This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for
example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations
back, 14othergreat-great-grandparents.
【第六段】
（1）Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to
which a sampleiscompared.
（2）Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump
togetherinformation from different research projects.
（3）This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a
person’s testresults may differ depending onthe company that processes theresults.
（4）In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented
and not subject topeer review oroutsideevaluation.
【题目】
16626.InParagraphs 1and2,the text showsPTK’s .
[A]easy availability [B]flexibilityin pricing
[C]successful promotion [D] popularity withhouseholds
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.PTKis used to .
[A]locateone’s birth place
[B]promotegenetic research
[C]identify parent-child kinship
[D] choosechildren foradoption
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Skepticalobservers believe thatancestry testing fails to .
[A]trace distant ancestors
[B]rebuild reliable bloodlines
[C]fully usegenetic information
[D] achieve theclaimed accuracy
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
16729.Inthelastparagraph ,aproblemcommercial genetic testing faces is .
[A]disorganized datacollection
[B]overlapping database building
[C]excessivesample comparison
[D] lack ofpatent evaluation
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Anappropriate titleforthetext is most likely to be .
[A]Fors and Againsts ofDNA Testing
[B]DNA Testing and Its Problems
[C]DNA Testing OutsidetheLab
[D] Lies Behind DNATesting
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2009 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely
misunderstood by economists andpoliticians alike.
168（2）★Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual
development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be
one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is
wrong.
（3）We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough
peoplethrough them to improveeconomic performance would require two or three generations.
（4）The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be
trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards
ofliving.
【第二段】
（1）Ironically, the first evidence for thisidea appeared intheUnited States.
（2）★Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. the U.S.
workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic
performance.
（3）Japan was, and remains, theglobal leader inautomotive-assembly productivity.
169（4）★Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about
95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts -- a result of the training that U.S.
workers received onthejob.
【第三段】
（1）More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,
non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor
productivity standards despite thecomplexity ofthebuildingindustry's work.
【第四段】
（1）Whatis thereal relationship between education andeconomic development?
（2）We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education
even when governments don't force it.
（3）After all, that’s howeducation got started.
（4）When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to
wonder much about anything besides finding food.
170（5）Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other
things.
【第五段】
（1）As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well.
（2）When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in
turn afford more education.
（3） This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition
forthe complex politicalsystems required byadvanced economic performance.
（4）Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that
may bepossibleonly with broader formal education.
（5）A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's
workforce tosubstantially improveproductivity forthe foreseeablefuture.
（6） On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing
morequickly there than it is.
【题目】
17131.Theauthorholdsin Paragraph 1thattheimportance ofeducation inpoorcountries .
[A]issubject togroundless doubts [B]has fallen victim ofbias
[C]is conventionally downgraded [D] has been overestimated
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
32.Itis stated inParagraph 1thattheconstruction of aneweducationalsystem .
[A]challenges economistsand politicians
[B]takes efforts ofgenerations
[C]demands priorityfrom thegovernment
[D] requires sufficient labor force
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Amajor differencebetween the Japaneseand U.S workforces is that .
[A]theJapanese workforce is betterdisciplined
[B]theJapanese workforce ismore productive
[C]theU.S workforce has a bettereducation
[D] theU.S workforce ismore organized
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
17234.Theauthorquotes the exampleofourancestors toshowthateducation emerged .
[A]when people had enough time
[B]priorto better ways of findingfood
[C]when peoplenolonger went hungry
[D] as aresult of pressure ongovernment
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
35.Accordingto the lastparagraph,development ofeducation .
[A]results directly from competitiveenvironments
[B]does not depend oneconomic performance
[C]follows improved productivity
[D] cannot afford political changes
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
年
2009 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and
politicalleaders ofseventeenth-century New England.
173（2）★ According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America
was "somuch importance attached tointellectual pursuits. "
（3）According to many books and articles, New England's leaders established the basic themes and
preoccupations ofan unfolding, dominant Puritantradition in American intellectual life.
【第二段】
（1）To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans'
theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may
notneglect.
（2）But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original
Puritansas carriers ofEuropean culture, adjustingto New Worldcircumstances.
（3）The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely
understood ideals of civilityandvirtuosity.
【第三段】
（1）The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in
England.
174（2）★Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade
after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and
official of theCrown before hejourneyed to Boston.
（3）These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences,
and giving New England an atmosphere ofintellectual earnestness.
【第四段】
（1）Weshouldnot forget ,however, that mostNew Englanders were less well educated.
（2）While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to
beanalyzed, itis obviousthat their views were less fully intellectualized.
（3）Theirthinking often had atraditional superstitiousquality.
（4）A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for
leaving England that is filled with signs.
（5）★Sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope—all came together in a decisive
moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and
read the magical words: "Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God
and you shall bemy people."
175（6）One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in
Puritan churches.
【第五段】
（1）★Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane's, as one clergyman
learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for
religion .
（2）“Our main end was tocatch fish. ”
【题目】
36.Theauthorholdsthatin theseventeenth-century New England .
[A]Puritantradition dominated political life.
[B]intellectual interests were encouraged.
[C]politicsbenefited much from intellectual endeavors.
[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed aliberal environment.
定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
题目
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
17637.Itis suggested inParagraph 2that NewEnglanders .
[A]experienced acomparatively peaceful early history.
[B]brought with them theculture oftheOld World
[C]paid little attentionto southern intellectual life
[D] were obsessed with religious innovations
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.Theearly ministers and political leaders inMassachusetts Bay .
[A]were famous in theNew World fortheirwritings
[B]gained increasing importance inreligious affairs
[C]abandoned high positionsbefore coming totheNew World
[D] created a newintellectual atmosphere in New England
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Thestory ofJohnDane showsthat less well-educated NewEnglanders were often .
[A]influenced by superstitions [B]troubled with religious beliefs
[C]puzzled bychurch sermons [D] frustrated with familyearnings
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
17740.Thetextsuggests that early settlers inNew England .
[A]were mostlyengagedin political activities
[B]were motivated byan illusory prospect
[C]came from different intellectual backgrounds.
[D] left few formal records for later reference
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
178翻译真题手译练习
2001年英译汉试题（英语一）
【第一段】
（1）In less than 30years' timetheStarTrek holodeck will bea reality.
（2）Direct links between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory
virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations likethoseinthe filmTotalRecall.
【第二段】
（1）41. There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that
willdisable them when they offend.
（2）42.Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips，computers with in-built
personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of
smell-television，anddigital age will have arrived.
【第三段】
（1）According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the
first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will
dramatically accelerate progress in all areas oflife.
【第四段】
179（1）43.Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce
a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of
key breakthroughs and discoveries totake place.
（2）Some of the biggest developments will be inmedicine, including an extended life expectancy and
dozensof artificial organs coming into usebetween nowand 2040.
【第五段】
（1）Pearson also predicts abreakthrough incomputer-human links.
（2）“ By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and,
hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like
theholidays in Total Recall ortheStar Trek holodeck,” he says.
（3）44. But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the
beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before
theend of thenextcentury.”
【第六段】
（1）Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be
predicted.
180（2）However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when
human cloning willbe perfected, orwhen timetravel will bepossible.
（3）But he does expect social problems as aresult of technological advances.
（4）A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while
the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their
human friends and thedroids.
（5）45.And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will
result in thebreakout ofa newpsychological disorder—kitchen rage.
2002年英译汉试题（英语一）
【第一段】
（1）Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical
and biological technology alone.
（2）What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from
which such a technology might bedrawn.
181（3）41.One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace
behavior tostates ofmind,feelings, traits ofcharacter, human nature, and so on.
（4）Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded
them.
（5）42.The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often
seem tobedirectly observed andpartly because otherkinds ofexplanations havebeen hard to find.
（6）Theenvironment isobviously important, butits rolehas remained obscure.
（7）It does not push orpull, itselects, and this function is difficult todiscover and analyze.
（8）43.The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred
years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the
individualis only beginning tobe recognizedand studied.
（9）As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however,
effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible
conditions,and atechnology ofbehaviormay therefore become available.
182（10）It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and
theseare strongly entrenched.
（11）Freedom and dignity illustrate thedifficulty.
（12）44.They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and
they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for
his achievements.
（13）Ascientificanalysis shiftsboth theresponsibility and theachievement tothe environment.
（14）It also raises questionsconcerning "values."
（15）Whowill useatechnology and to what ends?
（16）45.Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and
withit possibly theonly wayto solveourproblems.
2003年英译汉试题（英语一）
【第一段】
（1）Human beings inall times and places think about theirworld and wonder at theirplace in it.
（2）Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed ofinsatiable curiosity.
183（3）41.Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus
subjecting all otherlife forms totheir own peculiar ideas andfancies.
（4）Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and
systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a
moreharmonious way ofliving withthemselves and with all otherlife forms onthisplanet Earth.
【第二段】
（1）“Anthropology” derives from theGreek words anthropos “human” andlogos “thestudyof.”
（2）By itsvery name, anthropology encompasses thestudy ofall humankind.
【第三段】
（1）Anthropology isone ofthesocial sciences.
（2）42.Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their
endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists
usefor thestudy ofnatural phenomena.
【第四段】
（1）Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and
sociology.
184（2）Each of these socialsciences has a subfield orspecialization which lies particularly close to
anthropology.
【第五段】
（1）Allthe social sciences focus uponthestudy ofhumanity.
（2）Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative
method inanalysis.
（3）43.The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought
to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social
science.
【第六段】
（1）Anthropological analyses rest heavily uponthe concept ofculture.
（2）Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual
achievements of19th century science.
（3）44.Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law,
custom, andany other capabilities and habits acquired bymanas amember of society.”
（4）This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and
understanding humanlife.
185（5）Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned
behavior.
【第七段】
（1）45.Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture," like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is
an abstract concept which makes possibleimmenseamounts ofconcreteresearch andunderstanding.
2004年英译汉试题（英语一）
【第一段】
（1）Therelation oflanguage and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries.
（2）41.The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of
thought, which tookroot inEurope longbefore people realizedhowdiverse languages could be.
【第二段】
（1）Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from
theirown.
（2）Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many
nativelanguages ofNorth and SouthAmericaduring thefirst halfof thetwentieth century.
186（3）42.We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples
who spokethem died out orbecame assimilated andlosttheir nativelanguages.
（4）Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with
bizarredata from "exotic" language, were notalwaysso grateful.
（5）43.The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied
languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of
fabricating theirdata.
（6）Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by
theUS military as acode during World WarII to send secret messages.
【第三段】
（1）Sapir's pupil,Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the studyof American Indian languages.
（2）44.Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that
thestructure oflanguage determines thestructure ofhabitual thought ina society.
（3）He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certainconcepts and not others in a given
language, thespeakers ofthat language think along onetrack and notalong another.
187（4）45.Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states
that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce
far-reaching consequences for theculture ofasociety.
（5）Later, thisidea became to beknown as theSapir-Whorfhypothesis, but thisterm is somewhat
inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself
never explicitly supported thenotion oflinguisticdeterminism.
2005年英译汉试题（英语一）
【第一段】
（1）It is not easy totalk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in
European history.
（2）History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism
and optimism.
（3）46.Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed –and
perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent
events inEurope.
188（4）The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and
national identities.With this in mindwe can begin to analyze theEuropean television scene.
（5）47.In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful; groups which
bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to
oneanother.
（6）One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come
tomind.
【第二段】
（1）Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete
insuch arich and hotly-contested market.
（2）48.Thisalone demonstrates that thetelevisionbusiness isnot an easy world tosurvive in,a fact
underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50%
tooka lossin 1989.
【第三段】
（1）Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to
cooperatemore closely in terms ofbothproduction and distribution.
189【第四段】
（1）49.Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to
make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice —
that ofproducing programs in Europe forEurope.
（2）Thisentails reducing our dependence ontheNorth American market, whose programs relate to
experiences and cultural traditionswhich are different from ourown.
【第五段】
（1）In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange
ofnews, documentary services and training.
（2）This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European
bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle
thefinances necessary forproduction costs.
（3）50.In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say,“United we stand,
divided wefall”——andif Ihad to choosea slogan it would be “Unity inourdiversity.”
（4）Aunityof objectives that nonetheless respect thevaried peculiarities ofeachcountry.
1902006年英译汉试题（英语一）
【第一段】
（1）Is ittrue that theAmerican intellectual isrejected and considered ofnoaccount in his society?
（2）Iam going to suggest that itis not true.
（3）Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have
rejected America.
（4）But they have done morethan that.
（5）They have grown dissatisfied with the role of the intellectual. It is they, not America, who have
become anti-intellectual.
【第二段】
（1）First, theobject ofourstudypleads for definition.
（2）Whatis an intellectual?
（3）46.Ishall define himas anindividual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in lifethe
activity ofthinkingin aSocratic(苏格拉底)way about moral problems.
（ 4 ） He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual
questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the
light ofthe factual and moral information which hehas obtained.
191（5）47.His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as
obvious amanner as possiblethecourse ofreasoning which led himto his decision.
【第三段】
（1）This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average
scientist,for one.
（2）48.I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of
moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of
thoseproblems.
（3）Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his
routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his
reports.
（4）49.But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more
than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in
business.
（5）During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his
ethics.
【第四段】
192（ 1 ） The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has
traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.
（2）50.They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or
noindependent reflections onhuman problems which involvemoral judgment.
（3）Thisdescription even fitsthe majority eminent scholars.
（4）Being learned insome branch ofhuman knowledge is onething; living in “publicand illustrious
thoughts,” as Emerson would say, issomething else.
2007年英译汉试题（英语一）
【第一段】
（1）Thestudy oflaw has been recognized for centuries as abasic intellectual disciplinein European
universities.
（2）However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian
universities.
（3）46.Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of
lawyers, rather than anecessary part oftheintellectual equipment of an educated person.
193（4）Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itselfin a number
ofCanadian universities and somehave even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
【第二段】
（1）If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its
aims andmethods should appeal directly tojournalismeducators.
（2）Lawis a disciplinewhich encourages responsiblejudgment.
（3）On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and
freedom.
（4）47.On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the
linksjournalists forge onadaily basis as they cover andcomment onthenews.
（5）For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the
process ofjournalisticjudgment and production just as in courts of law.
（6） Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a
journalist's intellectual preparation forhis orher career.
194【第三段】
（1）48.But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary
citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the
news media.
（2）Politics or,more broadly, thefunctioning ofthe state, isa majorsubject forjournalists.
（3）Thebetter informed they are about theway thestateworks, thebettertheirreporting will be.
（4）49.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who donot have a clear grasp of the basic features
oftheCanadian Constitutioncan doacompetent job onpoliticalstories.
【第四段】
（1）Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for
journalists.
（2）While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many
journalistsoninterpretations supplied to them bylawyers.
（3）50.While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists
torely ontheirownnotions ofsignificance and maketheir ownjudgments.
195（4）These can only come from awell-grounded understanding ofthelegal system.
2008年英译汉试题（英语一）
【第一段】
（1）In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary
modesty.
（2）He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and
concisely, but 46. he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of
forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in
reasoning andin hisown observations.
（ 3 ） He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as
distinguished Huxley.
（4）47.He asserted, also, that his power to followa long and purely abstract train of thought was very
limited, for which reason he feltcertain that henever couldhave succeeded with mathematics.
（5）His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never
could rememberfor morethan afew days asingle date ora lineofpoetry.
196（6）48.On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics
that, whilehewas agood observer, he had nopower ofreasoning.
（7）This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from
thebeginning to theend, and has convinced many able men.
（8）No one, he submits,could have written it withoutpossessing somepower of reasoning.
（9）He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment,
suchas everyfairly successful lawyer ordoctor musthave, but not, Ibelieve, in any higherdegree."
（10）49.He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things
which easily escape attention, andin observing them carefully."
【第二段】
（1）Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind
had changed during thepreceding twenty orthirty years.
（2）Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too,
pictures had givenhimconsiderable, andmusicvery great, delight.
197（3）In 1881, however, he said: "Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have
also almostlost my tastefor pictures or music."
（4）50.Darwin was convinced that thelossof thesetastes was not onlya lossof happiness, but might
possiblybeinjurious to theintellect, and moreprobably tothemoral character.
2009年英译汉试题（英语一）
【第一段】
（1）There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others
and thedeliberateeducating ofthe young.
（2）In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not theexpress
reason oftheassociation.
（3）46.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging
and improving experience, but thiseffect isnot apart ofits original motive.
（4）Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers
and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family
perpetuity; systematiclabor, for themost part, because ofenslavement to others, etc.
198（5）47.Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was
thiseffect considered as adirective factorintheconduct oftheinstitution.
（6）Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the
intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is
carried onreceives littleattention as compared with physical output.
【第二段】
（1）But in dealing with theyoung, thefact of association itselfas an immediatehuman fact, gains in
importance.
（2）48.While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition.
itis not so easy as indealing with adults.
（3）The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and
habits istoourgent toleave these consequences wholly out ofaccount.
（4）49.Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot
help considering whether or not weare forming the powers which willsecure thisability.
199（5）If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is
its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through
dealings with theyoung.
【第三段】
（1）50.We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so
far considering. a moreformal kind ofeducation-that ofdirect tuitionorschooling.
（2）In undeveloped social groups, wefind very littleformal teaching and training.
（3）These groups mainlyrely forinstilling needed dispositions into theyoung uponthesamesort of
association which keeps theadults loyal to theirgroup.
200
