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2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. (IO points)
Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the
symbol of American military adventurism, but that's not how it used to be. To the
men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated,
the G.I. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid tom away from his
home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes,
who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back
the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well
paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most
brutal enemies seen in centuries.
His name isn't much. G.I. is just a military abbreviation_]_ Government Issue,
and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a
guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac…a
working class name. The United States has_lQ had a president or vice-president or
secretary of state Joe.
G. I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops.
He appears as a character, or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945
movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle.
Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was
famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud
soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or
liberated. His reports 16 the "Willie" cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist
Bill Maulden. Boh men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of
civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco,
whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I.
Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.
英语（二）试题 . 1 . (共 14 页)1. [A] served [B] perforn d [C] rebelled [D] betrayed
记
2. [A] actual [B] common [C] special [D] normal
3. [A] loaded [B] eased [C] removed [D] bore
4. [A] necessities [B] facilities [C] commodities [D] properties
5. [A] and [B] nor [C] but [D] hence
6. [A] for [B] into [C] from [D] against
7. [A] implying [B] meaning [C] symbolizing [D] claiming
8. [A] handed out [B] turned over [C] brought back [D] passed down
9. [A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] managed
10. [A] ever [B] never [C] either [D] neither
11. [A] disguised [B] disturbed [C] disputed [D] distinguished
12. [A] company [B] community [C] collection [D] colony
13. [A] employed [B] appointed [C] interviewed [D] questioned
14. [A] human [B] military [C] political [D] ethical
15. [A] ruined [B] commuted [C] patrolled [D] gained
16. [A] paralleled [B] counteracted [C] duplicated [D] contradicted
17. [A] neglected [B] emphasized [C] avoided [D] admired
18. [A] stages [B] illusions [C] fragments [D] advances
19. [A] With [B] To [C]Among [D] Beyond
20. [A] on the contrary [B] by this means [C ] from the outset [D] at that point
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)
英语（二）试题 . 2 . (共 14 页)微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text 1
Homework has never been terribl popular with students and even man parents,
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but in recent ears it has been particularl scorned. School districts across the country,
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most recentl Los An eles Unified, are revisin their thinkin on this educational
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ritual. Unfortunatel , L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible polic which mandates
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that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework ma no lon er count
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for more than 10% of a student's academic grade.
This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished
or chaotic homes mi ht have in completin their homework. But the polic is
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unclear and contradictory. Certainl , no homework should be assigned that
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students cannot complete on their own or that the cannot do without expensive
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equipment. But if the district is essentiall ivin a pass to students who do not do
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their homework because of complicated famil lives, it is oin riskil close to
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the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.
District administrators sa that homework will still be a part of schoolin ;
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teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as the want. But with homework
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countin for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easil skip half their
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homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students
mi ht do well on state tests without completin their homework, but what about
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the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite
possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowerin teachers to find what
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works best for their students, the polic imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.
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At the same time, the polic addresses none of the trul thorn questions
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about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students'
academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not
make them count for almost nothin . Conversel , if homework matters, it should
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account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this polic does nothin
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to ensure that the homework students receive is meanin ful or appropriate to their
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a e and the subject, or that teachers are not assignin more than the are willin
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to review and correct.
The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is
responsible for settin educational polic , looks into the matter and conducts
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public hearin s. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework ri ht.
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英语（二）试题 . 3 . (共 14 页)21. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that nowadays homework .
[A] is receiving more criticism
[B] is gaining more preferences
[C] is no longer an educational ritual
[D] is not required for advanced courses
22. L.A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students
[A] tend to have moderate expectations for their education
[B] have asked for a different educational standard
[C] may have problems finishing their homework
[D] have voiced their complaints about homework
23.According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may .
[A] result in students'indifference to their report cards
[B] undermine the authority of state tests
[C] restrict teachers'power in education
[D] discourage students from doing homework
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework 1s
whether
[A] it should be eliminated
[B] it counts much in schooling
[C] it places extra burdens on teachers
[D] it is important for grades
25. A suitable title for this text could be
[A]A Faulty Approach to Homework
[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C] Thorny Questions about Homework
[D] Wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy
英语（二）试题 . 4 . (共 14 页)微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text2
Prett in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the
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colour, et it is pervasive in our oung girls' lives. It is not that pink is
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intrinsicall bad, but it is such a tinv slice of the rainbow and, though it ma
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celebrate girlhood in one wa , it also repeatedl and firml fuses girls' identity to
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appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two- ear-olds, between
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girls as not onl innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I
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despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls'lives and interests.
Girls' attraction to pink ma seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their
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DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it
is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the earl 20th century: in the era
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before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter,
since the onl wa of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both
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bo s and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery
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colours were introduced, pink was actuall considered the more masculine colour,
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a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its
intimations of the Virgin Mary, constanc and faithfulness, symbolised femininit . It
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was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a
dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink full came into its own, when it
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began to seem inherentl attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female,
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at least for the first few critical ears.
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I had not realised how profoundl marketing trends dictated our perception
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of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their ps chological
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development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts
developed after ears of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Tums out,
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according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised
as a marketing trick b clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.
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Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales,
the should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids'
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clothes. It was onl after "toddler" became a common shoppers' term that it evolved
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into a broadl accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier
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categories has proved a sure-fire wa to boost profits. And one of the easiest wa s to
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segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where the
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did not previousl exist.
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英语（二）试题 . 5 . (共 14 页)26. By saying "it is…the rainbow" (Line 3, Para. 1), the author means pink .
[A] cannot explain girls'lack ofimagination
[B] should not be associated with girls'innocence
[C] should not be the sole representation of girlhood
[D] cannot influence girls'lives and interests
27. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?
[A]Colours are encoded in girls'DNA.
[B] Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.
[C] White is preferred by babies.
[D] Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.
28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development
was much influenced by .
[A] the observation of children's nature
[B] the marketing of products for children
[C] researches into children's behaviour
[D] studies of childhood consumption
29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to
[A] classify consumers into smaller groups
[B] attach equal importance to different genders
[C] focus on infant wear and older kids'clothes
[D] create some common shoppers'terms
30. It can be concluded that girls'attraction to pink seems to be
·
[A] fully understood by clothing manufacturers
[B] clearly explained by their inborn tendency
[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
[D] well interpreted by psychological experts
英语（二）试题 . 6 . (共 14 页)微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text3
In 2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core.
Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades — b 2005 some 20% of
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human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were
unpatentable. Executives were violentl agitated. The Biotechnology Industry
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Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a
"preliminary step" in a longer battle.
On Jul 29th the were relieved, at least temporaril . A federal appeals court
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overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold
patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief
executive of Myriad, a compan in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms
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and patients alike.
But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts
will remain rather bus . The Myriad case itself is probabl not over. Critics make
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three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it ma
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not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and
patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing
number seem to agree. Last ear a federal task-force urged reform for patents
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related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the
M riad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule "is no less a product of
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nature…than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds."
Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For
example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents
of individual genes within it. The case ma et reach the Supreme Court.
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As the industr advances, however, other suits ma have an even greater
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impact. Companies are unlikel to file man more patents for human DNA
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molecules most are alread patented or in the public domain. Firms are now
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stud ing how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to
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determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficac . Companies are eager
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to win patents for "connecting the dots," explains Hans Sauer, a law er for
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the BIO.
Their success ma be determined b a suit related to this issue, brought b the
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Ma o Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO
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recentl held a convention which included sessions to coach law ers on the
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shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.
英语（二）试题 . 7 . (共 14 页)31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like .
[A] genes to be patentable
[B] the BIO to issue a warning
[C] their executives to be active
[D]judges to rule out gene patenting
32. Those who are against gene patents believe that .
[A] genetic tests are not reliable
[B] only man-made products are patentable
[C] patents on genes depend much on innovation
[D] courts should restrict access to genetic tests
33.According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for .
[A] discovering gene interactions
[B] establishing disease correlations
[C] drawing pictures of genes
[D] identifying human DNA
34. By saying "Each meeting was packed" (Line 4, Para. 6), the author means that
[A] the supreme court was authoritative
[B] the BIO was a powerful organisation
[C] gene patenting was a great concern
[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions
35. Generally speaking, the author's attitude toward gene patenting is .
[A] critical
[B] supportive
[C] scornful
[D] objective
英语（二）试题 . 8 . (共 14 页)微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text4
The great recession ma be over, but this era of hi h joblessness is probabl
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be innin . Before it ends, it will likel chan e the life course and character of a
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eneration of oun adults. And ultimatel , it is likel to reshape our politics, our
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culture, and the character of our society for ears.
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No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national
economic disaster. Man said that unemployment, while extremel painful, had
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improved them in some wa s: the had become less materialistic and more
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financiall prudent; the were more aware of the stru les of others. In limited
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respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it
has awoken us from our national fever dream of eas riches and bi er houses,
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and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spendin .
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But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The
Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin
Friedman ar ues that both inside and outside the U.S., len th periods of
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economic sta nation or decline have almost alwa s left societ more mean
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spirited and less inclusive, and have usuall stopped or reversed the advance of
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ri hts and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typicall increases, as does conflict
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between races and classes.
Income inequalit usuall falls durin a recession, but it has not shrunk in
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this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness ma reinforce class divides,
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and decrease opportunities to cross them especiall for oun people. The
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research of Till Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia Universit , su ests that
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not all people raduatin into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those
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with de rees from elite universities catch up fairl quickl to where the
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otherwise would have been if the had graduated in better times; it is the masses
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beneath them that are left behind.
In the Internet a e, it is particularl eas to see the resentment that has
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alwa s been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is
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discernin precisel how these lean times are affectin societ 's character. In
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man respects, the U.S. was more sociall tolerant enterin this recession than at
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an time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then
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have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactl how these hard
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times will reshape our social fabric. But the certainl will reshape it, and all the
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more so the lon er the extend.
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英语（二）试题 . 9 . (共 14 页)36. By saying "to find silver linings" (Line 1, Para. 2) the author suggests that the
jobless try to .
[A] seek subsidies from the government
[B] make profits from the troubled economy
[C] explore reasons for the unemployment
[D] look on the bright side of the recession
3 7. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people .
[A] struggle against each other
[B] realize the national dream
[C] challenge their prudence
[D] reconsider their lifestyle
38.Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may .
[A] impose a heavier burden on immigrants
[B] bring out more evils of human nature
[C] promote the advance of rights and freedoms
[D] ease conflicts between races and classes
39. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from
elite universities tend to
[A] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities
[B] catch up quickly with experienced employees
[ C] see their life chances as dimmed as the others'
[D] recover more quickly than the others
40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is .
[A] trivial
[B] positive
[C] certain
[D] destructive
英语（二）试题 . 10 . (共 14 页)微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
PartB
Directions:
Read the followin text and answer the questions b findin information from the left
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column that corresponds to each of the marked details iven in the ri ht column.
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There are two extra choices in the ri ht column. Mark our answers on ANSWER
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SHEET 1. (10 points)
"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is
at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian
sa e Thomas Carl le. Well, not an more it is not.
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Suddenl , Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorite historical form.
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This could be no more than a passin literary craze, but it also points to a broader
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truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learnin from our
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forefathers and more interested in feelin their pain. Toda , we want empath , not
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inspiration.
From the earliest da s of the Renaissance, the writin of histor meant
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recountin the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch be an work on his
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ramblin writin De Viris Illustribus On Famous Men, hi hli htin the virtus
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(or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their reatness in conquerin
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fortune and risin to the top. This was the bio raphical tradition which Niccolo
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Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunnin ,
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ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, merc and justice, as the skills of
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successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of reatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the
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leadin painters and authors of their da , stressin the uniqueness of the
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artist's personal experience rather than public lory. B contrast, the Victorian
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author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalo ue of the worth lives of en ineers,
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industrialists and explorers. "The valuable examples which the furnish of the
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power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute workin , and steadfast integrity,
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issuin in the formation of trul noble and manl character, exhibit," wrote Smiles,
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"what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself." His bio raphies of James
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Watt, Richard Arkwri ht and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide
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the workin man throu h his difficult life.
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This was all a bit bour eois for Thomas Carl le, who focused his bio raphies on
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the trul heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte.
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These epochal fi ures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowled ed as
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possessin hi her authority than mere mortals.
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Not everyone was convinced b such bombast. "The history of all hitherto
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existin societ is the history of class stru les," wrote Marx and En els in The
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英语（二）试题 . 11 . (共 14 页)Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothin , it possessed no immense
g
wealth nor wa ed battles: "It is man, real, livin man who does all that." And
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history should be the story of the masses and their record of stru le, As such, it
gg
needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power
relations in which each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, but the
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do not make it just as the please; the do not make it under circumstances chosen
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b themselves, but under circumstances directl found, iven and transmitted
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from the past."
This was the tradition which revolutionised our appreciation of the past. In place
of Thomas Carl le, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric
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Hobsbawm. History from below stood alon side biographies of reat men. Whole
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new realms of understandin —from ender to race to cultural studies —were opened
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up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public
history too: downstairs became just as fascinatin as upstairs.
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[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.
41.Petrarch [B] hi hli hted the public lory of the leadin
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artists.
42.Niccolo Machiavelli [C] focused on epochal fi ures whose lives were
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hard to imitate.
43.Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of understandin the
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great men in history.
44. Thomas Carl le [E] held that history should be the story of the
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masses and their record of struggle.
45. Marx and En els [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful
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leaders.
[G] depicted the worth lives of en ineers,
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industrialists and explorers.
英语（二）试题 . 12 . (共 14 页)微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the followin text from En lish into Chinese. Write our translation on
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ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
When people in developin countries worry about migration, the are usuall
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concerned at the prospect of their best and bri htest departure to Silicon Valle or
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to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers
that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract b usin
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immigration rules that privile e colle e graduates.
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Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developin
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countries are particularl likel to emigrate. A bi surve of Indian households in
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2004 found that nearl 40% of emigrants had more than a hi h-school education,
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compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the a e 25. This "brain drain"
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has lon bothered polic makers in poor countries. The fear that it hurts their
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economies, deprivin them of much-needed skilled workers who could have
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tau ht at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new
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products for their factories to make.
英语（二）试题 . 13 . (共 14 页)Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that
you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer
service center to
1)make a complaint, and
2) demand a prompt solution.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
PartB
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing, you should
1) describe the table, and
2) give your comments.
You should write at least 150 words.
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
某公司员工工作满意度调查
二
满意 不清楚 不满意
:::;40 岁 16.7% 50.0% 33.3%
41�50 岁 0.0% 36.0% 64.0%
>50 岁 40.0% 50.0% 10.0%
英语（二）试题 . 14 . (共 14 页)
