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2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the followin text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
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mark A, B, C or Don the ANSWER SHEET. (lOpoints)
Happ people work differentl . The 're more productive, more creative, and
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willin to take greater risks. And new research su ests that happiness mi ht
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influence 1 firms work, too.
Companies located in places with happier people invest more, accordin to a
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recent research paper. 2 , 伍ms in happ places spend more on R&D
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(research and development). That's because happiness is linked to the kind of
lon er-term thinkin 3 for makin investments for the future.
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The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-takin that
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come with happiness would 5 the wa companies invested. So the compared
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U.S. cities' avera e happiness 6 b Gallup pollin with the investment
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activit of publicl traded firms in those areas.
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7 enou h, fim函 investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the
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happiness of the area in which the were 8 . But is it reall happiness that's
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linked to investment, or could somethin else about happier cities 9 wh
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伍ms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for
various 10 that mi ht make 伍ms more likel to invest like size, industry,
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and sales and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in
wa es or population. The link between happiness and investment enerall 12
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even after accountin for these thin s.
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The correlation between happiness and investment was particularl stron for
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oun er firms, which the authors 13 to "less codified decision makin process"
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and the possible presence of'' oun er and less 14 mana ers who are more likel
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to be influenced b sentiment." The relationship was 15 stron er in places
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where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places
where most people are relativel happ , rather than in places with happiness inequality.
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17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to
take a lon er-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility.
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It's not hard to ima ine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how
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executives think about the future. "It surel seems plausible that happ people
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would be more forward-thinkin and creative and 20 R&D more than the
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avera e," said one researcher.
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英语（二）试题 . 1 . (共 14 页）1. [A] why [B] how [C] where [D] when
2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion
3. [A] necessary [B] famous [C] perfect [D] sufficient
4. [A] individualism [B] realism [C] optimism [D] modernism
5. [A] miss [B] echo [C] spoil [D] change
6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] assumed [D] invented
7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often
8. [A] divided [B] advertised [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered
9. [A] summarize [B] overstate [C] explain [D] emphasize
10. [A] factors [B] stages [C] levels [D] methods
11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reliable [D] reputable
12. [A] resumed [B] emerged [C] held [D] broke
13. [A] assign [B] attribute [C] transfer [D] compare
14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced
15. [A] instead [B] thus [C] also [D] never
16. [A] rapidly [B] directly [C] regularly [D] equally
17. [A] While [B] Until [C]After [D] Since
18. [A] arrives [B]jumps [C] hints [D] strikes
19. [A] share [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] shape
20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] send out [D] give away
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（二）试题 . 2 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text 1
It's true that hi h-school codin classes aren't essential for learnin computer
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science in colle e. Students without experience can catch up after a few
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introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carne ie Mellon's
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School of Computer Science.
However, Cortina said, earl exposure is beneficial. When oun er kids learn
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computer science, the learn that it's not just a confusin , endless strin of letters
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and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's
not as hard for them to transform their thou ht processes as it is for older students.
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Breakin down problems into bite-sized chunks and usin code to solve them
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becomes normal. Givin more children this trainin could increase the number of
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people interested in the field and help fill the jobs ap, Cortina said.
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Students also benefit from learnin somethin about codin before the et to
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colle e, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,
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which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.
The Flatiron School, where people pa to learn pro rammin , started as one
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of the man codin bootcamps that's become popular for adults lookin for a
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career chan e. The hi h-schoolers et the same curriculum, but "we try to ear
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lessons toward thin s the 're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.
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For instance, one of the apps the students are developin su ests movies based
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on our mood.
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The students in the Flatiron class probabl won't drop out of hi h school and
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build the next Facebook. Programmin langua es have a quick turnover, so the
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"Rub on Rails" langua e the learned ma not even be relevant b the time the
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enter the job market. But the skills the learn how to think lo icall through a
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problem and or anize the results appl to an codin langua e, said Deborah
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Seehom, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.
Indeed, the Flatiron students mi ht not o into IT at all. But creatin a future
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arm of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are oin to be
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surrounded b computers in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes for
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the rest of their lives. The y oun g er the y learn how computers think, how to 凶埜
the machine into producin what the want the earlier the learn that the have
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the power to do that the better.
英语（二）试题 . 3 . (共 14 页）21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes 1t easier to .
[A] co lete future job training
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[B] remodel the way of thinking
[C] formulate logical hypotheses
[D] perfect artwork production
22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their .
[A] expenence
[B] interest
[C] career prospects
[D] academic backgrounds
23.Deborah Seehom believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will
[A] help students learn other computer languages
[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come
[C] need i roving when students look for jobs
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[D] enable students to make big quick money
24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to .
[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies
[B] stay longer in the information technology industry
[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world
[D] co ete with a future army of programmers
mp
25. The word "coax" (Line 4, Para. 6) is closest in meaning to .
[A] persuade
[B] frighten
[C] misguide
[D] challenge
英语（二）试题 . 4 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text2
Biologists estimate that as man as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind
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of bird living on stretching grasslands — once lent red to the often gre landscape
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of the midwestem and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds
remain toda , occup ing about 16% of the species'historic range.
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The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
decided to formall list the bird as threatened. "The lesser prairie chicken is in a
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desperate situation," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists,
however, were disappointed. The had pushed the agenc to designate the bird as
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"endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to
crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the "threatened" tag gave
the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentiall less confrontational
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conservation approaches. In particular, the called for forging closer collaborations
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with western state governments, which are often uneas with federal action, and
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with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's
habitat.
Under the plan, for example, the agenc said it would not prosecute
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landowners or businesses that unintentionall kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long
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as the had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.
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Negotiated b USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses
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that damage habitat as part of their operations to pa into a fund to replace every
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acre destro ed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to
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compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of
restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the
next 10 ears. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
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(WA FWA ), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall,
the idea is to let "states remain in the driver's seat for managing the species," Ashe
said.
Not everyone bu s the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying
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to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three
environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingl , industry
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groups and states generall argue it goes too far; enviromnentalists sa it doesn't go
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far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibilit for managing the bird
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to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction," sa s biologist Ja Lininger.
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英语（二）试题 . 5 . (共 14 页）26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is .
[A] its drastically decreased population
[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D] the insistence of private landowners
27. The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it .
[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B] would involve fewer agencies in action
[C] granted less federal regulatory power
[D] went against conservation policies
28. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be
prosecuted if they
[A] agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C] offer to support the WA FWA monitoringjob
[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is .
[A] the federal government
[B] the wildlife agencies
[C] the landowners
[D] the states
30. Jay Lininger would most likely support .
[A] industry groups
[B] the win-win rhetoric
[C] environmental groups
[D] the plan under challenge
英语（二）试题 . 6 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text3
That everyone's too bus these da s is a cliche. But one specific complaint is
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made especiall mournfull : There's never an time to read.
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What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-mana ement
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techni ues don't seem sufficient. The web's full of articles offerin tips on makin
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time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with ou at all times." But in m
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experience, usin such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work. Sit
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down to read and the fl heel of work-related thou hts keeps spinnin or else
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ou're so exhausted that a challen in book's the last thin ou need. The modem
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mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmin l inclined toward
gy
con皿unication… It is not simpl
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that one is interrupted; it is that one is actuall
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inclined to interruption." Deep readin re uires not just time, but a special kind of
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time which can't be obtained merel b becomin more efficient.
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In fact, "becomin more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinkin of time as
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a resource to be maximised means ou approach it instnunentall , jud in an
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iven moment as well spent onl in so far as it advances pro ress toward some oal.
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Immersive readin , b contrast, depends on bein willin to risk inefficienc ,
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oallessness, even time-wastin . Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and ou'll
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mana e onl oal-focused readin useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfillin
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kind. "The future comes at us like empt bottles alon an unstoppable and nearl
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infinite conve or belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and ''we feel
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a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (da s, hours, minutes) as the pass, for
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if the et b without bein filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could
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be worse for losin ourself in a book.
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So what does work? Perhaps surprisin l , schedulin re ular times for readin .
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You'd think this mi ht fuel the efficienc mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such
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ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time's flow" into "soul time." You could
limit distractions b readin onl ph sical books, or on sin le-purpose e-readers.
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"Carry a book with ou at all times" can actuall work, too providin ou dip in
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often enou h, so that readin becomes the default state from which ou temporaril
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surface to take care of business, before droppin back down. On a reall ood da ,
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it no lon er feels as if ou're "makin time to read," but just readin , and makin
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time for everythin else.
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英语（二）试题 . 7 . (共 14 页）31. The usual time-management techniques don't work because .
[A] what they can offer does not ease the modem mind
[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading
[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them
[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
32. The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .
[A] update their to-do lists
[B] make passing time fulfilling
[C] carry their plans through
[D] pursue carefree reading
33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .
[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set
[B] develop online reading habits
[C] promote ritualistic reading
[D] achieve immersive reading
34. "Carry a book with you at all times" can work if .
[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day
[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with
[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading
[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business
35. The best title for this text could be
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading
[B] How to Find Time to Read
[C] How to Set Reading Goals
[D] How to Read Extensively
英语（二）试题 . 8 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text4
Against a backdro of drastic changes in econom and o ulation structure,
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ounger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road ma to success, a latest
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oll has found.
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Across generational lines, Americans continue to rize many of the same
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traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children,
owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while oung and old mostl agree
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on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, the offe r strikingl different
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aths for reaching it.
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Young eo le who are still getting started in life were more likel than older
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adults to rioritize ersonal fulfillment in their work, to believe the will advance
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their careers most b regularl changing jobs, to favor communities with more
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ublic services and a faster ace of life, to agree that cou les should be financiall
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secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are
best served b two arents working outside the home, the surve found.
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From career to community and famil , these contrasts suggest that in the
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aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining
riorities and ex ectations that will increasingl s read through virtuall all
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as ects of American life, from consumer references to housing atterns to olitics.
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Young and old converge on one ke oint: Overwhelming majorities of both
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grou s said the believe it is harder for oung eo le today to get started in life
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than it was for earlier generations. While ounger eo le are somewhat more
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o timistic than their elders about the ros ects for those starting out toda , big
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majorities in both grou s believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher
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climb than earlier generations in reaching such si ost achievements as securing
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a good- a ing job, starting a famil , managing debt, and finding affordable housing.
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Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher toda . Schneider, a 27- ear-old
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auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, sa s he struggled to find a job after
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graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadil , he said, "I can't
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afford to a m monthl mortgage ayments on m own, so I have to rent rooms
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out to eo le to make that ha en." Looking back, he is struck that his arents
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could rovide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had
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completed college when he was oung. "I still grew u in an u er middle-class
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home with arents who didn't have college degrees," Schneider said. "I don't
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think eo le are ca able of that anymore."
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英语（二）试题 . 9 . (共 14 页）36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .
[A] trying out different lifestyles
[B] having a family with children
[C] working beyond retirement age
[D] setting up a profitable business
37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .
[A] favor a slower life pace
[B] hold an occupation longer
[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance
[D] give priority to childcare outside the home
38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will .
[A] become increasingly clear
[B] focus on materialistic issues
[C] depend largely on political preferences
[D] reach almost all aspects of American life
39.Both young and old agree that .
[A] good-paying jobs are less available
[B] the old made more life achievements
[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain
[D] getting established is harder for the young
40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?
[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college.
[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.
[C] His parents'good life has little to do with a college degree.
[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.
英语（二）试题 . 10 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
PartB
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions b choosing the most suitable
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subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There
are two extra subheadings which ou do not need to use. Mark our answers on
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the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A] Be sill
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[B] Have fun
[C]Ask for help
[D] Express our emotions
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[E] Don't overthink it
[F] Be easil pleased
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[G] Notice things
Act Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age
As adults, it seems that we are constantl pursuing happiness, often with
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mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art and for the most part
the don't need self-help books or therap . Instead, the look after their wellbeing
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instinctivel , and usuall more effectivel than we do as grownups. Perhaps it's
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time to learn a few lessons from them.
41.
What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he's angry? He shouts.
Scared? Probabl a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions
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so the are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours, which is in many wa s a
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good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing
emotions, especiall negative ones. That's about as effective as brushing dirt under
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a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a wa to acknowledge
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and express what we feel appropriatel , and then again, like children move on.
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42.
A couple of Christmases ago, m oungest stepdaughter, who was nine ears
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old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but
she was overjo ed, and couldn't stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a
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new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow
us to finall be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting
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impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every da
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英语（二）试题 . 11 . (共 14 页）is a much better wa to improve wellbein .
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43.
Have ou ever noticed how much children lau h? If we adults could indul e
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in a bit of silliness and i lin , we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies,
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increase ood hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even
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have a greater chance of fi htin off infection. All of which would, of course, have
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a positive effect on our happiness levels.
44.
The problem with bein a grownup is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff
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to deal with work, mort a e payments, fi urin out what to cook for dinner. But
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as adults we also have the luxury of bein able to control our own diaries and it's
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important that we schedule in time to enjo the thin s we love. Those thin s
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mi ht be social, sportin , creative or completel random (dancin around the
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livin room, an one?) it doesn't matter, so lon as the 're enjo able, and not
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likel to have ne ative side effects, such as drinkin too much alcohol or oin on
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a wild spendin spree if ou're on a ti ht bud et.
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45.
Havin said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too
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hard to be happ . Scientists tell us this can backfire and actuall have a ne ative
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i act on our wellbein . As the Chinese philosopher Chuan Tzu is reported to
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have said: "Happiness is the absence of strivin for happiness." And in that, once
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more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a
oal but a natural byproduct of the wa the live.
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英语（二）试题 . 12 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Section III Translation
46.Directions
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write our translation on the ANSWER
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SHEET. (15 points)
The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as
possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer ou sta in the
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store, the more stuff ou'll see, and the more stuff ou see, the more ou'll bu .
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And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the
Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and man carry tens
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of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers
into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the
demands of so much decision-making quickl become too much for us. After about
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40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationall selective, and
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instead begin shopping emotionall which is the point at which we accumulate
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the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended bu ing.
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英语（二）试题 . 13 . (共 14 页）Section IV Writing
PartA
47.Directions:
Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email
to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to
1)thank him, and
2)give your advice.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead
Do not write your address. (10 points)
PartB
48.Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1)interpret the chart, and
2)give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
其他
培养独立能力
6务
广交朋友
9%
缓解压力
33%
某高校学生旅游目的调查
英语（二）试题 . 14 . (共 14 页）
