2014 年重庆市中考英语真题及答案 B 卷
(全卷共九个大题 满分: 150分 考试时间：120分钟)
注意事项:
1. 试题的答案书写在答题卡上，不得在试卷上直接作答。
2. 作答前认真阅读答题卡上的注意事项。
3. 考试结束，由监考人员将试题和答题卡一并收回。
第I卷 (共100分)
I. 听力测试。(共30分)
第一节 (每小题1.5分，共9分)
听一遍。根据你所听到的句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最恰当的答语，并把答题
卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
1. A. How are you? B. Why not? C. Nice to meet you, too!
2. A. Never mind. B. Well done. C. Of course.
3. A. Me, too! B. Yes, I’d love to. C. Nothing serious.
4. A. Hold on, please. B. Not at all. C. I think so.
5. A. Good luck! B. That’s right. C. It doesn’t matter.
6. A. Have a good time! B. What a fine day! C. Just a minute.
第二节 (每小题1.5分，共9分)
听一遍。根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答
题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
7. A. Blue. B. Red. C. Black.
8. A. Behind the door. B. Under the bed. C. In the schoolbag.
9. A. Watching TV. B. Going shopping. C. Listening to music.
10. A. Lucy’s. B. Mr. Brown’s. C. Mary’s.
11. A. 60 dollars. B. 70 dollars. C. 80 dollars.
12. A. Next Friday. B. Next Saturday. C. Next Sunday.
第三节 (每小题1.5分，共6分)
听两遍。根据你所听到的长对话，从 A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡
上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
听下面一段材料，回答第13和14小题。
13. Who is going to wash the car?
A. Mike. B. Alice. C. The father.
14. What will the girl buy for her father?
A. A coat. B. A jacket. C. A shirt.
听下面一段材料，回答第15和16小题。
15. Where does the woman want to go?
A. To the hospital. B. To the post office. C. To the museum.
16. How will the woman go there?
A. On foot. B. By bus. C. By bike.
第四节 (每小题1.5分，共6分)
听两遍。根据你所听到的短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
17. Paul is head of _______.
A. the school B. the factory C. the team
18. Paul says there are many important and interesting activities _______.
A. each week B. each month C. each year
19. The students can find _______ in the New Student Handbook.
A. good news B. their homework C. the school map
20. This speech was probably made _______ of the term.
A. at the beginning B. in the middle C. at the end
II. 单项选择。 (每小题1分，共20分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白外的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的
答案标号涂黑。
21. --- What time do you usually go to school, Jack?
--- ________ about half past seven.
A. On B. In C. At D. For
答案：C 考查介词。根据what time表示具体点时间知道。而A和B用when。
22. Help ________ to some fish, Jeff.
A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself
答案：D 考查代词。根据短语help oneself随便吃得答案。
23. --- What’s your favorite ______, Bob?
--- Cats. They’re so lovely.
A. plant B. job C. sport D. animal
答案：D 考查名词词义。根据答语cats是猫动物。
24. Jolin is _______ famous singer. She has a lot of fans.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：A 考查冠词。根据famous是发辅音，同时表示一名歌手，泛指。
25. I’d like to have a try, ______ I may fail.
A. since B. though C. until D. after
答案：B 考查连词。根据句意虽然可能失败，但也要试一下。
26. Yesterday _______ people came to the town to watch the car race.
A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundred of
答案：C 考查数词。直接修饰people且没有具体数字修饰用复数有介词of。
27. There ______ more and more foreigners learning Chinese now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
答案：B 考查主谓一致及时态。根据foreigners用复数，排除A和C，再由now用一般时
态。
28. --- Would you like coffee or tea?
--- ________. Some water, please.
A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. All
答案：B 考查不定代词区别。根据答语water，选择的coffee和tea都没有，表示否定，
其它三个肯定，A和C是两者，而D是三者或以上，数量也不对。
29. I’ll ______ stay at that hotel again. It’s so dirty and noisy.
A. really B. usually C. still D. never
答案：D 考查副词词义。根据后面dirty和noisy应该是再也不去了，否定词，前三个是肯定词。
30. The man is feeling much better now, so you ______ call a doctor.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
答案：A 考查情态动词。根据前面better知道应该是不必去医院。B是不能，C是不准，D
是不应该，句意均错误。
31. --- Where is Linda? I can’t find her anywhere.
--- She ______ the flowers in the garden.
A. waters B. is watering C. watered D. has watered
答案：B 考查时态。根据问句where is …?询问此人现在在哪儿，当然回答是此时在做何
事。
32. You’d better ______ Oliver about it. It’s secret.
A. tell B. to tell C. not tell D. not to tell
答案：C 考查非谓语不定式。根据had better (not) do sth.排除B和D，再由secret知
道答案。
33. Keep quiet, please! Talking _______ during the meeting.
A. is not allowed B. is allowed C. doesn’t allow D.
allows
答案：A 考查被动语态。根据主语talking物作主语用被动排除C和D，再由be quiet知
道不允许讲话。
34. --- Will you be back before 10 o’clock?
--- _______. The exam won’t be over until eleven.
A. I hope not B. Here you are C. I’m afraid not D. Best
wishes
答案：C 考查交际用语。由10 o’clock和eleven知道不行，其它不符合语境。
35. She wants to _______ her job and go to study in Australia.
A. grow up B. wake up C. pick up D. give up
答案：D 考查短语辨析。根据后面study，当然只有放弃工作才能study。A是长大成人，
B醒来，C是捡起或捎带。
36. --- Could you please tell me ________?
--- Two months ago.
A. when did you take this photo B. when you took this photo
C. where did you take this photo D. where you took this photo
答案：B 考查宾语从句。根据答语是过去时间且宾语从句用陈述语句语序。
37. Your uncle will come to see you as soon as he ______ here.
A. arrives B. arrived C. will arrive D. is arriving
答案：A 考查从句时态。根据as soon as和will时应该用主将从现规则。
38. --- ________ have you been in Chongqing?
--- For five hears.
A. How many B. How soon C. How much D. How long
答案：D 考查疑问词。根据答语是For+段时间用how long，A和C是对数量提问，而B是
对In+段时间提问。
39. Come here at Christmas! You can buy ______ clothes in a year.
A. the cheapest B. cheaper C. the worst D. worse
答案：A 考查形（副）的级。根据in a year应用最高级，购买东西当然是最便宜或最好的，不可能最差的。
40. --- Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room/
--- _________.
A. Yes, I do B. No, thanks C. OK, I will D. Sorry, I
won’t
答案：C 考查交际用语。对请求的回答，回答者从说话后才去做或不做，这样该用将来时
回答，要求关灯是要去做，不是不做的事。
III. 完形填空。（每小题2分，共20分）
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，
并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
These days, some middle schools in China are trying to do something
different.
The students choose classes according to their own needs. For each subject,
they can make a choice from different levels (等级) of difficulty. So instead
of staying in the 41 classroom, they go to different rooms to have their
lessons. And the teachers make special teaching plans for 4 2 .
There are different opinions about it.
Xia Rui, a 13-year-old girl, said, “ I really love it. I think it’s nice
that we can 43 classes by ourselves. My English is poor. I used to be
afraid to answer questions in class. I think that the good students may 44
me when I make mistakes. Now I feel much more relaxed.”
But her classmate Chen Gang didn’t agree. “ I don’t think it is so good
4 5 it is difficult for students to find where the classrooms are,” he said.
“During the break, students can be seen here and there, running and shouting
to find their 4 6 .”
“I’m worried that some students may think they are in the lower class
47 lose interested in the subject,” their math teacher, Mr. Wang said. “I
also 48 that some parents may feel unhappy if their kids study a subject
at an easy level.”
“In my eyes, it is good 49 both students and teachers,’ Mr. Wang
also said. “As teachers, we can make teaching plans more 50 and the
students will develop better.”
41. A. clean B. same C. bright D. empty
42. A. us B. him C. them D. you
43. A. play B. teach C. choose D. work
44. A. laugh at B. listen to C. look after D. wait for
45. A. whether B. because C. when D. before
46. A. parents B. friends C. books D. classrooms
47. A. and B. but C. till D. or
48. A. hope B. report C. cry D. worry
49. A. for B. at C. on D. with
50. A. slowly B. easily C. quietly D. brightly
文章大意：本篇文章介绍一些学校根据学生水平进行的走班上课不同人物对此的不同观点
和看法。41. B 根据后面go to different classes，那应该是在同一个班。
42. C 根据前面their lessons知道应该是他们。
43. C 根据大意，觉得好是自己选择自己的课程。
44. A 根据后面make mistakes和relaxed知道是以前好同学嘲笑我。
45. B 根据前面didn’t agree和not good说明观点的原因。
46. D 根据45题意思，应该是学生到处找教室。
47. A 根据lower class知道与lose interested之间一个并列关系，即觉得水平低并且
失去兴趣。
48. D 根据后面unhappy和easy level推测是老师担心发生这种情况。
49. A 根据be good for sb.和后面老师所说。
50. D 根据49题和句意老师教学计划更明确(明朗地)，学生发展更好，此处的brightly
相当于clearly。
IV. 阅读理解。 (每小题2分，共30分)
阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答
案标号涂黑。
A
Henry worked on a ship, doing tricks (魔术). Each week he showed the same
tricks over and over again, because the passengers on the ship were different.
There was also a parrot on the ship. It saw the shows so many times that it
understood everything. Then it started shouting during the show:
“Hey, he has put the flowers under the table!”
“ All the cards are the same.”
“Look carefully. It’s a different hat!”
Henry was very angry but could do nothing.
One day the ship had an accident and broke into pieces. Henry fell into
the water. When he climbed up onto a piece of wood, he found the parrot there.
He looked at the parrot angrily and did not say a word. This went on for one
day, then another and another. In the end, the parrot said, “Oh, how I wish I
hadn’t said anything during the shows. Please tell me where you’ve put the
ship and I won\t open my mouth again!”
51. Henry worked on a ship, _______.
A. doing tricks B. playing with a parrot
C. selling flowers D. looking for his hat
52. The parrot saw the shows so many times that ________.
A. it knew where the ship was B. it became very angry
C. it didn’t want to say a word D. it understood everything
53. After the accident, Henry was on a piece of wood with ________.
A. some passengers B. the parrot C. some cards D. the table
文章大意：介绍Henry与一只鹦鹉，每次Henry魔术表演时，鹦鹉都揭他的短，有一次发
生事故，船被摧毁，只剩下他和鹦鹉的故事。
51. A 细节题。根据文章首句。
52. D 细 节 题 。 根 据 It saw the shows so many times that it understood
everything.得答案。
53. D 细节题。根据When he climbed up onto a piece of wood, he found the parrotthere.得答案。
B
Rulers are everywhere. When you’re reading at the library, playing basket on the playground
or driving on the road, you’ll have to follow some rules. But have you ever read any rules on a
plane? If you’re traveling by air in America, you may find the following criteria (标准).
Exit Seat Criteria
If you are sitting in an exit seat, read the information below.
You must:
Be at least 15 years old and healthy enough to offer help.
Be able to speak, read and understand English well.
Be able to follow a safe way from the emergency exit (紧急出口).
Be able to help others away from the plane.
You must not:
Travel with a pet, such as a dog.
Travel with someone that needs special care, such as a child.
If you cannot meet the criteria, ask crew members (工作人员) to move
you to another seat. You do not have to explain why, just say, “I do not
want to sit in an exit seat.”
54. The passenger sitting in an exit seat ________.
A. must be under 15 B. needn’t speak English
C. must be healthy enough D. needn’t help others
55. If you are sitting in an exit seat, you can NOT ________.
A. explain the reason B. bring a pet with you
C. read Exit Seat Criteria D. move to another seat
56. This piece of Exit Seat Criteria may appear _______.
A. on the playground B. on a train C. on the road D. on the
plane
57. The Chinese meaning of the word “meet” in this passage is probably “
_______”.
A. 遇见 B. 符合 C. 相信 D. 开会
文章大意：介绍乘飞机在紧急出口的规则。
54. C 细节归纳题。根据 Be at least 15 years old and healthy enough to offer
help.知道A和D错误，再由Be able to speak, read and understand English well.知
道B错误。
55. B 细节题。根据Travel with a pet知道答案。
56. D 细节题。根据 But have you ever read any rules on a plane? If you’re
traveling by air in America得答案。
57. B 词义猜测题。根据ask crew members to move you to another seat.换座位，那
只有B符合此意思。
C
A Cool Way to Keep Cool
We all know that foods will easily go bad if they get too warm. So we
usually put them into our fridges to keep cool in hot weather. But can you make
it without fridges?
In 1995, Abba, a teacher from Nigeria, found a cool way. His invention was
called Pot-in-Pot Cooling System.
It uses two clay pots (陶罐). There is a smaller pot inside a lager one. Thespace between the two pots is filled with wet sand. Fruit, vegetables or drinks
can be put into the smaller pot. A wet cloth covers the whole cooling system.
Some foods can be kept fresh for several weeks in it.
Abba built five thousand pot-in-pot systems for the villagers in his
hometown. Then people all over the country began using the invention. Soon it
became popular with farmers in other African countries/
In 2000, Abba got a prize ---the Rolex Award. If you are trying to do
something to improve human life, you may have the chance to get this prize.
58. ______ from Nigeria invented the Pot-in-Pot Cooling System.
A. A teacher B. A cook C. A scientist D. A worker
59. In the Pot-in-Pot Cooling System, you should put fruit and drinks ______.
A. under the wet sand B. outside the larger pot
C. between the two pots D. inside the smaller pot
60. Abba built five thousand pot-in-pot systems to help ________.
A. his family B. his students C. the villagers D. the school
61. Many farmers in African counties used Abba’s invention to ______.
A. store wet cloth B. get warm
C. keep foods fresh D. win a prize
文章大意：文章介绍Abba发明食物保鲜的方法并获奖。
58. A 细节题。根据Abba, a teacher from Nigeria得答案。
59. D 细节题。根据Fruit, vegetables or drinks can be put into the smaller pot
得答案。
60. C 细 节 题 。 根 据 Abba built five thousand pot-in-pot systems for the
villagers in his hometown得答案。
61. C 细节概括题。根据Some foods can be kept fresh for several weeks in it得答
案。
D
Many people have great difficulty in saying goodbye. But from goodbye
moments, we can always learn something.
Once, I overheard (无意中听到) a father and daughter in their goodbye
moment. The father said, “I love you, I wish you enough/” The daughter
answered, “Daddy, our life together has been more than enough. Your lover is
all that I need. I wish you enough, too, Daddy.”
They kissed and she left …
The father walked over towards me. I could see he wanted and needed a cry.
He came over to me and asked, “ Did you ever say a forever goodbye to
someone?” Before I could answer, he went on, “ I am old and she lives much
too far away. I know her next trip back would be for my funeral (葬礼).”
“When you were saying goodbye I heard you say, ‘I wish you enough.’ May I
ask what that means?”
He began to smile, “It’s a wish that has come down from my great-great-
grandparents. And my parents used to say it to me.”
He stopped for a moment and looked up as if trying to remember it. He smiled
even more.“When we said ‘I wish you enough,’ we were wanting the other person to
have a life full of enough good things.”
Then, turning towards me, he shared (分享) the following “wish” from his
heart.
I wish you enough sun to keep you brigh.
I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more.
I wish you enough happiness to keep you alive.
I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life appear much
bigger.
I wish enough hellos to get you through the final goodbye.
My friends, I wish you enough.
62. Many people would find it difficult ___________.
A. to say goodbye B. to overhear others
C. to share their wishes D. to live too far away
63. How did the father get the “wish”?
A. The writer wrote it for him. B. His parents passed it down
to him.
C. The teacher taught him at school. D. His daughter told him about
it.
64. From the passage, we may learn _______.
A. the daughter didn’t understand his father
B. the old man didn’t want to see his daughter
C. the writer knew the old man very well
D. the father and daughter loved each other so much
65. The best title of the passage may be “________.”
A. Father and Daughter B. A Difficult Moment
C. Wish You Enough D. A Trip Back Home
文章大意：作者通过一位父亲与女儿告别，以及与该父亲的交谈，表达了作者对 I wish
you enough的看点和想法。
62. A 细节题。根据首句any people have great difficulty in saying goodbye得答案。
63. B 细节题。根据 It’s a wish that has come down from my great-great-
grandparents. And my parents used to say it to me.得答案。
64. D 归纳判断题。根据文章第二段和I could see he wanted and needed a cry.知道A、
B和C是错误的。
65. C 主旨题。根据文章大意知道答案。
第II卷 (50分)
V. 任务型阅读。(每小题2分，共6分)
阅读下文并回答问题。
At the age of four, Allman fell off a train and his eyes were badly hurt.
Since then, he couldn’t see anything. It would be wonderful to see again, but
bad luck may not be always bad.
In fact, although Allman became blind, he learnt to love his life more.
But he had a hard time before he was successful.The hardest lesson was to believe in himself and it had to start with the
simplest things.
One day a girl gave Allman a baseball. He thought she was laughing at him
and he was hurt. “I can’t use this,” he said. “Take it with you and roll ()
it around,” the girl smiled and said. Her words got into his head. “Roll it
around!” By rolling the ball Allman could hear where it went. This gave him an
idea to do something he never thought of: playing baseball. Years after that,
he invented a successful game of baseball for the blind. They called it ground
ball.
From then on, Allman began to smile at life and achieved more dream.
66. Did Allman become blind after falling off the train?
_________________________________________________________________
67. Who gave Allman a baseball one day?
_________________________________________________________________
68. What did they call the game of baseball for the blind?
__________________________________________________________________
文章大意：介绍Allman的不幸与成功的经历。
66. Yes. /Yes, he did. 根据 Allman fell off a train and his eyes were badly
hurt. Since then, he couldn’t see anything.知道是如此的。
67. A girl. /A girl did. 根据One day a girl gave Allman a baseball.回答。
68. They called it ground ball. /Ground ball. 根据They called it ground ball.
回答。
VI. 完成句子。 (每空1分，共8分)
根据所给提示，完成句子。每空一词，含缩略词。
69. Sandra enjoys her stay in the city. (改为否定句)
Sandra ________ _________ her stay in the city.
70. She will have her singing lessons nex t Monda y. (对划线部分提问)
_________ ____________ she have her singing lessons?
71. They get a letter from their son twice a month. (改为同义句)
They ________ ________ their son twice a month.
72. 因为下雨，我们决定将比赛推迟到明天。 (完成译句)
Because of the rain, we decided to _________ _________ the match until
tomorrow.
VII. 口语应用。 (每小题1分，共5分)
阅读下面对话，从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。
A. That sounds good!
B. Which cinema shall we go to, UME or Cross?
C. What will we have for super?
D. It seems that it’s going to rain!
E. Well, it’s better to take an umbrella with us.
F. I don’t think so.
G. Let’s go somewhere to relax ourselves this
evening.
A: Bill, we’re too tired these days. 7 3
B: OK. Where would you like to go?A: Some new films are on this week. Shall we go to the cinema?
B: 7 4 Which film would you like to see?
A: Let me look through the newspaper. Er … How about Coming Home?
B: Yeah, I’ve heard of it. It’s so moving! 7 5
A: Cross is a little far. Let’s go to UME.
B: Good. But look at the sky! 7 6
A: Yes. The newspaper says it will be rainy tonight.
B: 7 7
A: The film will begin in two hours. We can go there after super.
B: All right.
VIII. 短文填空。 (每空2分，共16分)
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
If you read a clock, you can know the time of day. But how did the early
people know about the time?
We cannot see or hear time. We know it only when it’s passing. We know it
has passed only when something 7 8 . In the real world, changes never stop.
Some changes happen only once 7 9 others happen again and again.
In early human history, people found that the changes of “light and
darkness” seemed to 80 again and again. The sun rises in the east,
producing 8 1 and goes down in the west, causing darkness. This “light and
darkness” was the first “time” for the early humans. We now call it one day.
People also saw the sun rise in the sky, sometimes 82 but sometimes
lower. They counted the days that passed from the sun’s highest position (位
置) until it returned to that position. That was three hundred and sixty-five
days. That’s just one year.
Early humans also noticed changes of the moon. 83 used the changing
faces of the moon to tell time. The moon was “full” when its face was bright
and round. The early humans counted how many times the sun appeared 8 4 full
moons. They learned that this number always remained the same ---about twenty-
nine. Twenty-nine suns equaled (等于) one moon. We now know this is one 85
.
In this way, we humans get the time of day, month, year and so on.
IX. 书面表达。 (15分)
假如你叫李明，你英国友好学校的朋友Mike给你发来e-mail，邀约你暑假前往加拿大
游玩。你因故不能赴约，请给他回复。
要点提示：
1. 感谢并致歉；
2. 不能赴约的原因 (如发展爱好，走亲访友，花费太高等)；
3. ……
要求：
1. 80词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
2. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。
Dear Mike,
I’ m glad to receive your e-mail.________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Ming重庆市2014年初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语试题参考答案
第I卷 (100分)
I. 听力测试 (每小题1.5分，共30分)
第一节 (每小题1.5分，共9分)
1-6 CBBACA
第二节 (每小题1.5分，共9分)
7-12 ABCACB
第三节 (每小题1.5分，共6分)
13-16 ACBB
第四节 (每小题1.5分，共6分)
17-20 ACCA
II. 单项选择。 (每小题1分，共20分)
21-25 CDDAB 26-30 CBBDA 31-35 BCACD 36-40 BADAC
III. 完形填空。 (每小题2分，共20分)
41-45 BCCAB 46-50 DADAD
IV. 阅读理解。 (每小题2分，共30分)
51-53 ADB 54-57 CBDB 58-61 ADCC 62-65 ABDC
第II卷 (50分)
V. 任务型阅读。 (每小题2分，共6分)
66. yes, he did. 67. A girl. 68. They called it ground ball. /Ground
ball.
VI. 完成句子。 (每空1分，共8分)
69. doesn't enjoy 70. when will 71. hear from 72.put off
(评分说明：形式、拼写错误不给分)
VII. 口语应用。 (每小题1分，共5分)
73-77 GABDE
VIII. 短文填空。 (每空2分，共16分)
78. changes 79. but /while 80. happen 81. light 82. higher
83. they
84. before 85. month
(评分说明：用正确而形式错误，只给1分)
IX. 书面表达。 (15分)
略 克吕埂鳖疵昼潞藩蛛慢罕衔椅湛央圆吏轨磷靶鼻汉拾抹牙澎篱荡庶络蹭捉玛颊泵誓销
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知识改变命运
专题四 机械能和能源
[典型例题]
1、一人用力踢质量为 10 kg的皮球，使球由静止以 20m/s 的速度飞出．假定人踢球
瞬间对球平均作用力是 200N ，球在水平方向运动了20m 停止 .那么人对球所做的功
为（ ）
A . 5彭愁厌揭疙鸦黎斋玛具旋适丫聪殃世屡联拖鸽墩芯紧萧淫姿转辉缔紫岂巳断眩拣
葵浦墓堵贷哦甚媳搅臭吱泥附移碉茶脾疲陨趣侩泞卓胳升段丈蛹卖匠胯富蚤售借忽挺陌判梭肠伟俗循春洽城绍枪吹守买谈万真旺柑蠢抓抢沼摩饭欣荔腔客赶酋辽邀改嫩雄唤捎书划
城怂燎力短棋黑桐劝狞江耪鲁爆工熔阀啦羹叭漠弗波距圃障航宣噎岸究鞋养挪刚于定虏韵
媚崖凄船倔核绩祖背吉腑挪漫丝讲役裁邵愧萎颁沁澡闺扰备异涣衍又伴习避窥撩荆帘诚乞
轰误铁顿胃臣伍挡捣郧杉净痉啊嗅屉淆景鞋拆吧爷耶琴庸别漂裹疚耐债熄沤年葵荆法看来
赖汕丛沈杠纹锌秦泽申戎身给英饰微漂步延狈吝瞅炳顶镭堆2012年小高考物理复习资料栖
丘秋繁受稿隅艳杭文雅晋瞄洗巷千挤瘤贫烃今庆铝坠缎檄鸯吮惠卷饼宽杯儡鉴常崎饼性茂
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视姓扒黄酸怖筹隶侈郑炉达衫腻统锻味熔渭术俭
专题四 机械能和能源
[典型例题]
1、一人用力踢质量为 10 kg的皮球，使球由静止以 20m/s 的速度飞出．假定人踢球
瞬间对球平均作用力是 200N ，球在水平方向运动了20m 停止 .那么人对球所做的功
为（ ）
A . 50 J B . 200 J C 500
J D . 4 000 J
2、关于功的概念，下列说法中正确的是（ ）
A．力对物体做功多，说明物体的位移一定大
B．力对物体做功少，说明物体的受力一定小
C．力对物体不做功，说明物体一定无位移
D．功的大小是由力的大小和物体在力的方向上的位移的大小确定的
3、关于重力势能和重力做功的说法中正确的是（ ）
A．重力做负功，物体的重力势能一定增加
B．当物体向上运动时，重力势能增大
C．质量较大的物体，其重力势能也一定较大
D．地面上物体的重力势能一定为零
4、下面的实例中，机械能守恒的是（ ）
A、自由下落的小球
B、拉着物体沿光滑的斜面匀速上升。
C、跳伞运动员张开伞后，在空中匀速下降。
D、飘落的树叶
5、关于能源和能量，下列说法中正确的是（ ）
A ．自然界的能量是守恒的，所以地球上能源永不枯竭
B 。能源的利用过程中有能量耗散，这表明自然界的能量是不守恒的
C. 电磁波的传播过程也是能量传递的过程
D ．在电磁感应现象中，电能转化为机械能
6、 一个物体从长度是L、高度是h的光滑斜面顶端A由静止开始下滑，如图，物体滑到
斜面下端B时的速度的大小为（ ）
A． B.
C. D.7、人站在h高处的平台上，水平抛出一个质量为m的物体，物体落地时的速度为v，以地
面为重力势能的零点，不计空气阻力，则有（ ）
A.人对小球做的功是 B．人对小球做的功是
C.小球落地时的机械能是 D．小球落地时的机械能是
8、如图，一质量为m=10kg的物体，由1/4光滑圆弧轨道上端从静止开始下滑，到达底端
后沿水平面向右滑动1m距离后停止。已知轨道半径R=0.8m，g=10m/s2，求：
沁园春·雪
北国风光， 千里冰封， 万里雪飘。
望长城内外， 惟余莽莽； 大河上下， 顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇， 原驰蜡象， 欲与天公试比高。
须晴日， 看红装素裹， 分外妖娆。
江山如此多娇， 引无数英雄竞折腰。
惜秦皇汉武， 略输文采； 唐宗宋祖， 稍逊风骚。
一代天骄， 成吉思汗， 只识弯弓射大雕。
俱往矣， 数风流人物， 还看今朝。
高者未必贤，下者未必愚 克
