三年高考真题英语真题(218页)_初高中资料库_高中资料库（转存避免链接过期失效）_高中英语

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2017-2019 年高考真题英语分项汇编
专题01
冠词、名词.................................................................................................................................................................2
专题02
代词、介词和介词短语.............................................................................................................................................5
专题03
形容词和副词.............................................................................................................................................................8
专题04
动词和动词短语...................................................................................................................................................... 10
专题05 非谓语动词................................................................................................................................................................ 13
专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气................................................................................................................................................ 18
专题07 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致................................................................................................................................ 22
专题08 名词性从句................................................................................................................................................................ 27
专题09 定语从句.................................................................................................................................................................... 29
专题10 并列连词和状语从句................................................................................................................................................ 32
专题11 特殊句式.................................................................................................................................................................... 36
专题12 情景交际.................................................................................................................................................................... 38
专题13 阅读理解广告类、新闻类........................................................................................................................................ 42
专题14
阅读理解人物故事类.............................................................................................................................................. 61
专题15 阅读理解社会生活、议论类.................................................................................................................................... 78
专题16
阅读理解说明类...................................................................................................................................................... 97
专题17
阅读理解新题型....................................................................................................................................................125
专题18
完形填空记叙文....................................................................................................................................................144
专题19
完形填空夹叙夹议文............................................................................................................................................168
专题20
完形填空说明文、议论文....................................................................................................................................178
专题21
语法填空................................................................................................................................................................186
专题22
短文改错................................................................................................................................................................194
专题23
书面表达提纲式....................................................................................................................................................201
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专题24
书面表达图画式....................................................................................................................................................214
专题01
冠词、名词
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority
B. potential
C. proportion D. pension【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成
了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority 优先；优先权；B. potential 潜在的，可能的；C. proportion 比例，占比；D. pension
退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in
many ways.
A. statement
B. impact
C. impression D. judgment【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活
产生了强烈的影响。statement“陈述说明”；impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”；impression“印象，感想”；judgement“判
断力判断”。故选B。
3.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】Of ___69___
nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are
(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19 个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
4【2019·新课标I 卷·短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
【答案】Suddenly
football fell just in front of me
almost hit me.【解析】考查冠词。名词football 为可数名词，前
边需要有限定词。这里football 第一次出现，故在football 前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且
差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but 改为and。
5.【2019·新课标II 卷·短文改错】Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a
fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my
English teacher too much.
…
【答案】
Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different （1）I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so
（2）. Then, when I was in the （3）grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher （4）much.【解
析】（1）考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，
应该用名词的复数形式。故将job 改为jobs。
（2）考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来…样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly 改为
cool。
（3）考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five 改为fifth。
（4）考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句
中一般表达肯定意思，可与that 连用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to 搭配，表达否定意思“太…
以至于不能…”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too 改为very/so。
6.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same 是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the 连
用修饰名词。故填the。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore
the outer space.
A. advice
B. order
C. possibility
D. invitation【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在
生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice 建议；B. order 命令；C. possibility 可能性；D. invitation
邀请。故选C。
【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从
句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe 是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙
中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。
2.【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
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A. assignment
B. association
C. acquisition
D. assumption
【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening 实
际发生和instead of 而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。
3. 【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014
that/which
showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all
67
(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5 到10 分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏
病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
4. 【2018·新课标卷I· 短文改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my
grandparents.
【答案】countryside 前加the
考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加
定冠词the。【解析】countryside 前加the
考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是
乡下，故加定冠词the。
5. 【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice
has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25 年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在
过去的25 年里。故填the。
6.【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top
of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.
【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
7.【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and
monkeys.
【答案】scientist 【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist 科学家。
8. 【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese
56
(dish)
is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
8. 【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten
outside the home and the rise in
64
(weigh) problems.
【答案】weight【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
三、2017 年高考真题
1. 【2017·新课标卷I·语法填空】As
65
result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something
missing.
【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result 表示＂结果＂。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失
的东西。故填a。
2.【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible
61
(crowd)
on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.
【答案】crowds【解析】考查名词复数。因为crowd 为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。
2.【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】This included digging up the road,
laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof
over
64
top.
【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在top 前加the。
2016 年高考真题
1.【2016·浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition
B. income
C. credit
D. status
考点：考查名词辨析。
【名师点睛】名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析，对于同义词辨析，我们一定要平时注意积累。由做题经验可
知，同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中，由关键固定短语来判断的。真正的词义辨析题很少。常考的名词词义辨析词
有: custom 风俗习惯；habit 个人习惯；tradition 传统；scene 场景；scenery 自然风景（总称）；view 特定位置的景观；
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sight 人文或历史景观；skill 技能；ability 能力；talent 才华；strength 优势，长处等等。这题中的credit 属于一词多
义，有时也会考查熟词生义。学科&网
2.【2016·天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect
B. sense
C. change
D.
chance
【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是
多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。
考点：考查名词辨析。
【名师点睛】词汇辨析是每次试卷中必然出现的题型，所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。在复习词汇的时
候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照点-线-面顺序，构建知识网络环境，对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提
升，这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。这样，再做单项填空题时，就会觉得游刃有余。对于英语中的词汇用法，平
时要多归纳总结，词汇用法的特殊语法规则更要特别记忆。最好把词汇放在句子中，连同句子一起记忆，这样能够
加强记忆。
3.【2016·浙江】2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.
A. The ; 不填
B. A ; 不填
C. A ; the
D. The ; a【解析】
试题分析：句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指“获胜者的奖品”，
用定冠词，第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。故选A。
考点：考查冠词。
【名师点睛】本题着重理解定冠词和不定冠词的区别，定冠词the 表示特指，不定冠词a/an 表示泛指；对于冠词特
指和泛指的考查是历年来高考的必考点，平时的学习要多进行积累，仔细分析特指还是泛指。同时，更为重要的是
要多去积累习惯表达，特殊表达，这也是近几年高考习惯考的地方。总而言之，多解题、多理解、多积累才是关键。
做冠词的题目语感非常重要，平时阅读的时候，注意出现冠词的地方，体会是特指还是泛指。
4.【2016·江苏】24.___________ — Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A.
recipe
B.
record
C.
range
D.
receipt
考点：考查名词辨析
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专题02
代词、介词和介词短语
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than
_________who are not.
A. ones
B. those
C. these D. them【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。
空格处代词与the students 是对应关系，可以用the ones 或者those 替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不
能与the students 形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.
A. in effect
B. in command
C. in turn D. in shape【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发
员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect 实际上；B. in command 指挥；C. in turn 轮流，依次；D. in shape 在外形上，处
于良好的状态。故选A。
3.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since
the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform
(perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations 作Modern methods 的定语，用of 连接，
“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
4.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by
noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚
集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are.
【答案】of/for
4.【2019·新课标III 卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact.
【答案】of【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
5.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not
clear.
【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。
故填to。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for
B. on
C. in
D. at【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee 先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下
周三下午（和Mr. Lee 见面）。make an appointment for 意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A 选项正确。
点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for 为……预约。
2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A. at first
B. after all
C. above all
D. at random【解析】句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，
但它毕竟还是去了。at first
首先；after all 毕竟，终究；above all 首先；at random 随便地。根据前面的转折连词可
知，与前面的情况相反，所以选B。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。考生
除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。
3.【2018·江苏】33. China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
A. in line with
B. in reply to
C. in return for
D. in honour of【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全
球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with 按照；与...一致；B. in reply to 答复；C. in return for 作为... 的报酬；
D. in honour of 为纪念。故选A。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境
理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。
4.【2018·新课标III 卷·语法填空】I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【答案】for【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for 是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西
部低地大猩猩。
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三、2017 年高考真题
【2017·天津卷】12. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000
years old.
A. among
B. against
C. behind
D. below【解析】
试题分析：句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。be among 位于之间；
be against 反对；be behind 在后面；be below 在之下。根据句意，故选A。
考点：考查介词辨析。
【名师点睛】对于介词辨析题目，首先可以从句意着手，看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键，其次四个选项的意思也
要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的基本知识进行考查，学生在平时的学习中要勤积累，多记忆，多多积累，以便在考
试时能够迅速准确的答出，还有的是一些固定搭配，需要了如指掌。
【2017·天津卷】13. We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to word hard.
A. On average
B. At best
C. in return
D. After all
考点：考查介词短语辨析。
【名师点睛】辨析介词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的背诵，包括词组本身的含义，一词多义，做题时要弄懂句意
和上下文的逻辑关系，进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。
【2017·江苏卷】32.Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A. in contrast to
B. in defense of
C. in face of
D. in relation to 【解析】
试题分析：考查介词短语的辨析。A. in contrast to 对比，截然不同；B. in defense of 为……辩护；C. in face
of 面对；D. in relation to 与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的
技能。故选D。
考点：考查介词短语的辨析
【2017·北京卷】35. Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. by
试题分析：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by 后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，
此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。
2016 年高考真题
1.【2016·天津】2. The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
A. out of control
B. out of date
C. out of sight
D. out of reach
考点：考查介词短语。
【名师点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语，这题的介词短语都是out of+名词搭配，但是意思
都是大相径庭，学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义，做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。
由many words have been added to the language since it was published.可以确定是“过时的”。
2.【2016·浙江】3. In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.
A. that
B. this
C. one
D. it【解析】
试题分析：句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。指代上文的名词education system，用
that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。This 表示“近指”，one 是泛指可数名词单数，it 是特指上文提到的名
词。故选A。
考点：考查代词。
【名师点睛】本题着重考查指示代词：用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。它们主要有：this 这个；that 那个；these
这些；those 那些；it 它。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可用做主语、宾语、
表语、定语和状语。that 指代上文的可数或不可数名词，后面有后置定语；those 指代上文的可数名词复数，后面有
后置定语；one 是泛指上文的可数名词单数；it 指同类同物。
3.【2016·浙江】6.That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.
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A. Or else
B. In short
C. By the way
D. For one thing
考点：考查介词短语。
【名师点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语，这题的介词短语都是out of+名词搭配，但是意思
都是大相径庭，学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义，做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。
这句话很明显，前后两句话意思一样，就是后面简短写，可以确定是“简言之”。
4.【2016·浙江】7. The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______influence the basic processes by which we see
world around us.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. about【解析】
试题分析：句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。The cultures 后面是定语从句，省略that，
定语从句中cultures 作宾语，那么还缺少一个介词，和cultures 搭配用介词in，故选B。
考点：考查介词。
【名师点睛】这道题与其说是考查介词，还不如说是考查定语从句，因为介词in 不是和后面的influence 搭配，而
是通过分析发现这是定语从句，和前面的先行词culture 搭配需要什么介词。
5.【2016·浙江】18. I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend
in the coming years
A. little more
B. no more
C.much more
D.many more 【解析】
试题分析：句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。A.没有这个搭配；B.
不再；C.多得多（修饰不可数名词）；D. many more 更多（修饰可数名词）。这里修饰的是上文的activities。故
选D。
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专题03
形容词和副词
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】28.Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise.
A. casual B. regularC. flexible
D. tight【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app 软件的体育
锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A. casual 偶然的，随便的；B. regular 定期的，有规律的；C. flexible 灵活的；D. tight
紧的，密封的。故选C。
2.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been
___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
【答案】poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly 修饰谓语动词has been studied，
意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
3.【2019·新课标II 卷·语法填空】Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer
nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
【答案】finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been
acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
4.【2019·新课标III 卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering
how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
【答案】so【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能
到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·江苏】34. Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A. keen
B. reluctant
C. anxious
D. ready【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员
工提供足够的培训。A. keen 敏锐的；B. reluctant 不情愿的；C. anxious 渴望的；D. ready 准备好的。故选B。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力。因此，考生必须充分利用这一特定语境。同时，考生
应注意多积累由形容词组成的固定短语。本题中4 个选择项中都可以与to 连用。be keen to 渴望；be reluctant to 不
情愿做；be anxious to 急于；be ready to 乐意，再分析句意可以得出答案。
2.【2018·新课标I 卷·语法填空】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years
61
(long) than non-runners.
【答案】longer【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3 年。根据than 可知
用比较级，故填longer。
3.【2018·新课标I 卷··短文改错】I felt happily that their life had improved.
【答案】happily 改成happy
【解析】考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词
作表语，故将happily 改成happy。
4.【2018·新课标II 卷·语法填空】A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is
used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
【答案】actually【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修
饰句子。故填actually。
4.【2018·新课标II 卷·语法填空】According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___
(globe)fertilizer consumption.
【答案】global【解析】句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption 是名词短语，故应该用形
容词修饰。故填global。
5.【2018·新课标III 卷·语法填空】He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his
chest and charges toward me.
【答案】loudest【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of all 可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
5.【201·浙江卷·语法填空】There could be an even
63
(high) cost on your health.
【答案】higher【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost 用形容词，由even 表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
三、2017 年高考真题
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【2017·江苏卷】29. Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death ,smart –phones defeated _______ PCs in sales.
A. controversial
B. contradictory
C. confidential
D. conventional
考点：考查形容词的辨析
【2017·江苏卷】34. The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _______
explanations are hard to find.
A. alternative
B. aggressive
C. ambiguous
D. apparent
【解析】
试题分析：考查形容词的辨析。A. alternative 可供替代的；B. aggressive 好斗的，有进取心的；C. ambiguous
有野心的，耗时的；D. apparent 显而易见的。句意：恐龙的消失未必是由天体灾害引起的，但是也很难找
到其它的解释。故选A。
考点：考查形容词的辨析
【2017·天津卷】3. —I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.
—I’m sorry, but he is not ________ at the moment, for the meeting hasn’t ended.
A. busy
B. active
C. concerned
D. available
考点：考查形容词。
【名师点睛】英语中形容词的考查主要是考查形容词的词义辨析和对语境的理解。本句中的语境很明显，根据空前
的对不起和空后的原因的解释，说明怀特先生没有空，即现在很忙。
2016 年高考真题
1.【2016·江苏】31.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on what basis,
data are collected.
A. explicitB.
ambiguous
C.
original
D.
arbitrary【解析】
试题分析：考查形容词词义辨析。形容词explicit 明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous 模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original
原始的，最初的；arbitrary 任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最
清晰的说明。故A 正确。
考点：考查形容词词义辨析
2.【2016·江苏】31.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on what basis,
data are collected.
A. explicitB.
ambiguous
C.
original
D.
arbitrary【解析】
试题分析：考查形容词词义辨析。形容词explicit 明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous 模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original
原始的，最初的；arbitrary 任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最
清晰的说明。故A 正确。
考点：考查形容词词义辨析
3.【2016·浙江】16. In this article , you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.
A. specific
B. permanent
C. abstract
D. universal
【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析：句意：在文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。A.具体，明确的；B.永久的；C.抽象的；D.全球
的，共通的。故选A。
考点：考查形容词辨析。
【名师点睛】把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。解答这类
题目，关键是理解题干意思以及各选项副词的意思，可以像数学中的代入法一样，依次把各个选项意思放入句子中
进行比较，不难选出正确答案。还有抓住句中的关键词general 和specific 对应。
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专题04
动词和动词短语
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and
creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting
C. reviewing
D. restoring【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产
物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling 像；reflecting 反映；reviewing 回顾；restoring 恢复，根据题意，故选B。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was
saying.
A. set aside
B. take back
C. make out
D. keep off【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在
说什么。set aside“存储，留出”；take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”；keep off“（使）避开”。
故选C。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display
B. acquire
C. teach
D. test【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所
需的技能。A display 显示；B. acquire 获得；C. teach 教；D. test 测试。故选B。
点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，
再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。
2.【2018·天津】3. At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so
confidence about her skills.
A. gave in
B. dressed up
C. broke in
D. turned up【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，
但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in 屈服，让步；B. dressed up 打扮；C. broke in 闯入；
打断；D. turned up 出现。根据转折词but 及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确
答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
3.【2018·江苏】25. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and
timetable.
A. calls for
B. calls on
C. calls off
D. calls up【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线
图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for 需要；B. calls on 号召；C. calls off 取消；D. calls up 使想起。故选A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注
意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
4.【2018·江苏】22. Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A. indicate
B. investigate
C. imitate
D. innovate【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许
会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate 指示；B. investigate 调查；C. imitate 模仿；D. innovate 改革。故选C。
点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，
再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握。
三、2017 年高考真题
1. 【2017·天津卷】5. Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down
B. keep off
C. get up
D. cut in【解析】
试题分析：句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插
嘴。根据句意，故选A。
考点：考查动词短语。
【名师点睛】辨析动词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的记忆，包括动词本身的含义、一词多义以及词组的搭配，做
题时要弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系再进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。
2.【2017·江苏卷】30. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.
A. shape
B. switch
C. stretch
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D. sharpen【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的辨析。A. shape 塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch 转变，交换，
调班；C. stretch 拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen 提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速
回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
考点：考查动词的辨析
3.【2017· 江苏】25.Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out
B. brought out
C. picked
out
D. given out【解析】
试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。held out 坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out 使显现，阐明，出版；
C.picked out 使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out 用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句
意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
考点：考查动词短语辨析
2016 年高考真题
1.【2016·江苏】25. He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach
B.
wrestle
C.
compromise
D.
communicate【解析】
试题分析：考查动词辨析。动词approach 靠近，接近；wrestle 摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise 妥协；和解；
让步；communicate 交流；句意：他并容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意
可知C 项正确。学#科网
考点：考查动词词义辨析
2.【2016·江苏】30.Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the comfortable climate for
business creation.
A. fallen off
B.
taken off C.
turned off
D.
left off【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。fall off 跌落，下
降；take off 起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off 关闭；leave off 停止，中断；根据句意可知B 项正确。
3.【2016·江苏】33.Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.
A. gain admission to
B. keep track of
C. take advantage of
D. give rise to【解析】
试题分析：考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of 记录；take advantage of 利用；give rise
to 引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C 项正确。
考点：考查短语辨析
4.【2016·天津】8. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to
B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of
D. set foot on【解析】
试题分析：句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。A. 将……说出，透露，
表明；B. 注意，照看；C.对......充耳不闻；D.踏上。根据语境，故选A。
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
【名师点睛】这几个短语都是固定搭配，不能仅仅看字面意思，应该在平时学习中注意累积这方面的词汇，这几个
短语有个特点，都含有一个人体部位的名词，学生平时学习的时候，可以将短语进行分类记忆。做题时找到关键词
和切入点，这道题的关键是opinion 和选项中的voice。
5.【2016·天津】12. I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put
B. make
C. take
D. give【解析】
试题分析：句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。短语take advantage of 意为“利用”，其他选项不能和
advantage of 搭配。故选C。
考点：考查动词和短语。
【名师点睛】对于动词词义辨析题目，首先可以从句意着手，看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键；其次，对四个选项
的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的学习仔细度提出了要求，学生在平时的学习中要勤积累，多记忆，多查字
典，以便在考试时能够迅速准确解出答案，对于一些固定搭配也需要了如指掌。
6.【2016·天津】14. I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.
A. carry on
B. break into
C. turn down
D. cut off【解析】
试题分析：句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。A.进行；B.破门而入；C.
拒绝，声音调低；D.切断。故选A。
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
【名师点睛】辨析动词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的背诵，包括词组本身的含义，一词多义，以及词组和动词的
搭配，做题时别忘了弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系，进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。
7.【2016·浙江】8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.
A. divide
B. reject
C. control
D. abandon【解析】句意：当我们学会让我们的差
异联合起来而不是将我们分开的时候，我们就会获得很多。A. 将……分开；B. 拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根
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据语境，故选A。
考点：考查动词辨析。
【名师点睛】词义辨析题在高考中有所涉及，每年的趋势不尽相同。动词非常重要，它在句中起着至关重要的作用，
掌握好动词非常关键，这也是高考试题中经常考查动词的原因。本题要找准关键词unite，unite 和divide 是反义词。
这题要找准关键词unite，和divide 是反义词。
8.【2016·浙江】12.When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt ______from the world.
A. carried away
B. broken down
C. cut off
D. brought up 【解析】
试题分析：句意：当孩子远离他们生活的时候，这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。Carry away 带走，夺走；break down
崩溃，破坏，抛锚，分解；cut off 切断；bring up 养育，培养。故选C。
考点：考查动词短语。
【名师点睛】动词短语是高考常考内容。可以按照以下方法学习：1.在每个部分找出自己最熟悉或者最理解的短语，
并根据该短语助记总体意思；2.熟记动词本身所具有的全部意思；3.重点根据小品词在该项中的总体意思结合动词
本身的意思，理解自己最不理解和不熟悉的短语4.脱离汉语，只看英语动词短语，并放到具体句子和场景中认识动
词短语5.注意有些短语意义很接近, 这要结合例句和上下文掌握它们的用法。
9.【2016·浙江】14. When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that
______my interest.
A. limited
B. reserved
C. reflected
D. spoiled【解析】
试题分析：句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；
D.宠坏。故选C。
考点：考查动词辨析。
【名师点睛】对于动词词义辨析题目，首先可以从句意着手，看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键，其次四个选项的意
思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的学习仔细度提出了要求，学生在平时的学习中要勤积累，多记忆，多查字典，
以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出，还有的是一些固定搭配，需要了如指掌。Reflect 意思较多，有：反射，反照; 表
达; 显示; 折转。平时记忆要准确，全面。
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专题05 非谓语动词
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】30.__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart
phones.
A. To enjoy
B. Enjoying
C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：
为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
A. Learn
B. Learned
C. Learning
D. Having learned【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句
子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in
international affairs.
A. recognizingB. being recognized
C. to be recognized D. recognized【解析】考查with 复合结构。句意：中国的形
象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名
词+ 现在分词结构，故选A。
4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in
his class.
A. should they
B. they should
C. dare they
D. they dare【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。
on no account 决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do,敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，
故选A。
5.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since
the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊
的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
6.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by
___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚
集) around human settlements,…
【答案】noting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by 可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
7.【2019·新课标II 卷·短文改错】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for
football.
【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football.【解析】考查现在分词。
本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say 在这里作伴随状语。
与主语players 是主动关系，故将say 改为saying。
8.【2019·新课标II 卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest
full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for 可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
9.【2019·新课标II 卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she
had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth 做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的
计划”，故填to retire。
10.【2019·新课标II 卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke.
【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying 作后置定语，
解释名词call 的内容，call 与say 是主动关系，故填saying。
11.【2019·新课标III 卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering
how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式。句中的would 提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering 后的句子不缺
谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
12.【2019·新课标III 卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private
concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70 题空格处动词listen 应用非谓语
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动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we 发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规
律解题，and 后meeting interesting locals 为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
13.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到
它们。or 连接两个并列成分，根据or 前的walking 可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
14.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth 想要做某事，这
里是动词不定式作to 的宾语。故填to wear。
15.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously ___2___
(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple
words “Be yourself”.
【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自
己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现
在分词作状语。故填facing。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着
丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B 选项正确。
点睛：动名词是动词-ing 形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
2.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the
moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share
B. to share
C. having shared
D. shared【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在
中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather 是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon
and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B 选项正
确。
点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以
置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。
3.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used
B. to use
C. using
D. use【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果
正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively 是主句，_________
correctly 是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap 和use 之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A 选项正确。
点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。
4.【2018·天津】12. I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.
A. to eat；to try
B. eating；trying
C. eating；to try
D. to eat；trying【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，
但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing 忍
不住做。故选D。
点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do
打算做”与“mean doing 意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing 忍不住做”之间的含义。
5.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking
B. taken
C. being taken
D. take【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不
拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph 与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语
补足语。C 项表示正在进行。故选B。
点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，
找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
6.【2018·江苏】26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000
held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded
B. to exceed
C. exceeded
D. exceeding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500
个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000 的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，
故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。
点睛：本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。
having exceeded 强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create 的动作之前；to exceed 表示将要超出；exceeded
过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知，这里用现在分词作结果状语。
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7.【2018·新课标I 卷·语法填空】You don’t have to run fast or for long
62
(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be
overweight and still reduce your risk of
63
(die) early by running.
【答案】62. to see ；63.dying
【解析】62.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好
处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡
的风险。此处of 是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
8.【2018·新课标I 卷·短文改错】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
【答案】sell 改为selling【解析】考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by 后用动名词，故
用selling。
9.【2018·新课标II 卷·语法填空】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead
of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.
【答案】to improve【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可
以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve 应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
10.【2018·新课标III 卷·语法填空】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes
so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
【答案】64.looking；65.challened【解析】64.考查动词。动词avoid 后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。
用looking。
65.考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel 为系动词，表示“被挑战”，
用过去分词challenged。
11.【2018·新课标III 卷·短文改错】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph
aloud.
【答案】wait 改为waiting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，与主
语是主动关系，所以wait 要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。
12.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember
59
(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I
was shocked
(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting【解析】此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，
故填visiting。
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·天津卷】14. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed
B. allowing
C. having allowed
D. allowed【解析】
试题分析：句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多
的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing 即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed 表
示被动且正在进行
C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生
D. allowed 表示被动且完成，故选B。
2.【2017·天津】10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.
A. catching
B. caught
C. to catch
D. to be caught【解析】
试题分析：句意：在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要去赶火车。根据上文判断出as 引导原因状语从句，Sb.
have sth. to do 某人有某事要做（在本句中to do 由主语完成），根据句意判断选C。
考点：考查非谓语。
【名师点睛】本句考查的是have 的符合结构：have+ 宾语+ 非谓语，既是重点又是难点。对于have 的符合结构，
非谓语用什么形式，首先确定have 的词义，是“有”还是“让”，have（有）+ sth to do sth (由主语完成）；have（让）
+ 宾语+ do / doing / done (用哪种形式需要具体分析），所以要正确理解句意和本结构的具体用法，灵活掌握才能
把题作对。
3.【2017·江苏卷】21. Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the
modern market.
A. having developed
B. being developed
C. developed
D. developing
【解析】
试题分析：考查非谓语动词。brands 是逻辑主语，和develop 是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状
况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百
年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
【名师点睛】
现在分词作状语，表示主动和伴随状况；与逻辑主语是主谓关系，或叫主动关系，即现在分词表示的动作
是逻辑主语发出的。现在分词的形式有一般式doing/being done，完成式having done/having been done。
当现在分词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作先后发生时，使用现在分词的完成式。
4.【2017·北京卷】27. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time.
A. save
B. saving
C. to save
D. saved
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试题分析：句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故
选C。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
5.【2017·北京卷】32. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.
A. to spend
B. spend
C. spending
D. spent
试题分析：句意：Jim 已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填
非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
You don’t have to run fast or for long
62
(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your
risk of
63
(die) early by running.
2016 年高考真题
1.【2016·北京】26. ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
A. Made
B. Make
C. Making
D. To make
考点：考查不定式作目的状语
2.【2016·北京】28. ______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering
B. To order
C. Having ordered
D. Ordered
【答案】D【解析】
试题分析：题目考查过去分词作状语。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。books 和order
是动宾关系，即order the books/the books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句
because they were ordered...，故选D。
3.【2016·北京】32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.
A. turn
B. turning
C. to turn
D. turned【解析】
试题分析：题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn
的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。
4.【2016·江苏】28.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message
________within the work.
A. to hide
B. hidden
C. hiding
D. being hidden【解析】试题分析：考查分词作
定语。相当于定语从句that is hidden within the work。A、C 项表示主动含义，D 项表示正在进行，与语境不符。故B
项正确。
5.【2016·天津】4. The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary.
A. making
B. to make
C. made
D. being made【解析】
试题分析：句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分
词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是预料不到的结果。故选A。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语
动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题还有一个考点就是同样是结果状语从句，
现在分词和不定式用法也不同，还要结合语境判断符合哪一个，来加以判断。学科=网
6.【2016·浙江】10.To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in 2012.
A. having conducted
B. to be conducted
C. conducting
D. conducted【解析】
试题分析：句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012 年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定
语，study 和conduct 是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语。B 项也表示被动，但是不定式的被动，表示将要发生的
事情。故选D。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语
动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法，看carry
out 和修饰的study 之间的关系可知用过去分词。
7.【2016·浙江】19. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do
with students.
A. working
B. work
C. to work
D. worked
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I 和work 是主谓关系，用现
在分词作时间状语。故选A。
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考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语
动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法，看I 和
work 的逻辑关系可以看出是现在分词。
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专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had
B. will have
C. would have had D. had had【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否
则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句
子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the
time.
A. accomplished
B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish
D. would have accomplished【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，
否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized 可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。
与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+
现在完成时+其他，故选D。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这
些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that 引导的主语从句通常用
“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should 可以省略。故选B。
点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语
气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可
以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）
It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）
2.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I
_______ a second chance to become more
involved.
A. had
B. will have
C. would have had
D. have had【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并
且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish 引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般
过去时。故选A。
点睛：本题考查wish 引导的虚拟语气。由wish 引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish 表示对现在的愿望时，它
所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be 动词用were）。2．用wish 表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾
语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3．wish 用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望
时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住前句
There is a good social life in the village 的时态是一般现在时，可以判断出此题wish 用于对现在的事实表示一种不可能
实现的愿望。
3.【2018·天津】10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave
B. must have left
C. might leave
D. could have left【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到
我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday 可知，是对过去事情的推测，
故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示
“可能”。故选D。
点睛：情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点：第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去
事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done；如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词+v 原形。第二、情态动词的选
择。must 为肯定推测，表示“一定”，could 为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案。
4.【2018·北京】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need
B. should
C. can
D. must【解析】考查情态动词。句意：
在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，
即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C 选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need 需要；should 应该，
竟然；must 必须，肯定。
点睛：can 的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3.（表示允许，请求）可以；4.
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（表示客观可能性）有时会。
5.【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove
B. would drive
C. were to drive
D. had driven【解析】考查虚拟语气。
句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，
该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers 是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完
成时态，故D 选项正确。
6.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught
B. caught
C. have caught
D. would catch【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，
现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday 可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。
故选A。
点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时
间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟
语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must
B. should
C. can
D. need
试题分析：A. must 必须；B. should 应该；C. can 能；D. need 需要。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松
地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。
考点：考查情态动词
2.【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put
B. were put
C. should be put
D. would be put
试题分析：句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况
的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done 形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A 项是正确的。
考点：考查虚拟语气。
【名师点睛】
英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。
1、陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）
2、祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）
3、虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.
一、虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法
真实条件句
If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.
虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）
If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.
3.【2017·江苏
卷
】
22.
_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were
B. Were it
C. It was
D. Was it【解析】考查虚拟
语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if 省略，同时把were/should/had 提
前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。
【名师点睛】
在虚拟语气中，be 动词只能用were；虚拟条件句省去连词if 时，从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主
语+谓语动词...
若条件从句为否定句，否定词not 应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t,
Hadn’t 置于句首。
if 从句的谓语动词
主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反
动词过去式（be 一律用were）
would/could/might/should+动词
原形
2.与过去事实相反
had done
would/could/might/should+have
done
3.与将来事实可能相反
a.动词过去式（be 一律用were）
b.should+动词原形（不能用would）
c.were to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词
原形
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考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装
4.【2017·天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A.
daren’t
B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t
D. mustn’t【解析】
试题分析：句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；
C 不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。
考点：考查情态动词。
【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自
的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。daren’t 通常表示“不敢”，shouldn’t 强调的是没有义务，
必要性；needn’t 表示“不需要”，mustn't 表示不许，语气比较强烈，它们之间有明显不同。学科+网
5.【2017·天津卷】15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been
B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t
D. wouldn’t be【解析】
试题分析：句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于
一个if 引导的条件状语从句，由yesterday 可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldn’t have done，
故选B。
2016 年高考真题
1.【2016·北京】31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t
B. mustn’t
C. wouldn’t
D. shouldn’t【解析】
试题分析：题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t 不需要；B. mustn’t
禁止；C. wouldn’t 不愿；D. shouldn’t 不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。
考点：考查情态动词
2.【2016·北京】34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A. told
B. had told
C. were to tell
D. would tell
考点：考查虚拟语气
3.【2016·江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been
B.
should not be
C. were not to be
D. should not have been
4.【2016·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t【解析】
试题分析：句意：这真是令人心烦；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t 不愿意；couldn’t 不能；shouldn’t 不应
该；needn’t 不必。根据句意可知选B。
5.【2016·天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.
A. were injured
B. would be injured
C. had been injured
D. would have been injured【解析】
试题分析：句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if 条件句用的had
done，可知，主句用would have done 表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I 和injure 是被动关系。故选D。
6.【2016·浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their
highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen
B. would not fall
C. did not fall
D. would not have fallen
【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005 年的最高点下
降。使用虚拟语气，if 条件句用的had done，而且省略if，将had 提前，主句用would have done 表示对过去情况的
虚拟。故选D。
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专题07 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three
months.
A. gives B. has given
C. have given D. give【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名
音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除
AD 选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓
语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people
and culture there.
A. would fall
B. had fallen
C. has fallen
D. fell
【答案D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived 之
后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer
Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed
C. are installed
D. have been installed【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：
他们正努力确保在2022 年北京冬奥会之前安装5G 终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用
将来完成时。“5G 终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage
it.
A. had hoped
B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter 结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我
没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village
last week.
A. is given
B. are given
C. was given
D. were given【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热
烈的欢迎。根据last week 可知应用过去时，排除选项A 和B。as well as 连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句
话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
6.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】Of the
nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___
(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six 作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear
subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
7.【2019·新课标II 卷·语法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no
plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为
Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
8.【2019·新课标II 卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the
friends I ___66___(make) over the years
【答案】are【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，
句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
9.【2019·新课标II 卷·短文改错】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
【答案】And the other
that I wanted to help people in need.【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去
时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做
决定时的原因。故将is 改为was。
10.【2019·新课标III 卷·语法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places
to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
【答案】recommended。【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很
好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填
recommended。
11.【2019·新课标III 卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert
on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
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【答案】were invited。【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一
般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start
B. have started
C. started
D. had started【解析】考查时态。
句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住
在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob 现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的
时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C 选项正确。
点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表
示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago 等。
2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her
last year.
A. is working
B. was working
C. has worked
D. had worked【解析】考查时态。句意：
Susan 已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan 辞职发生在她当志愿者
之前，had quit 是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year
可知，Susan 做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B 选项正确。
点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。
3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing
B. have grown
C. will grow
D. had grown【解析】考查时态。句意：
在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000 公里增长到25,000 公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中
国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B 选项正确。
点睛：现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的。
常见的时间状语有：since + 时间点/从句，for two months，so far，recently，in the past/last few days 等。
4.【2018·北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping
B. have been trapped
C. were trapping
D. had been trapped【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：
一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从
句，修饰two tourists，two tourists 和trap 之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked 可知，营救人员救游客是
过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D 选项正
确。
点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，
被动语态的表达形式为had been done。
5.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. has been repaired【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我
不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语
态。故选C。
点睛：本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4 个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A 是过
去时；选项B 是一般现在时的被动；选项C 是现在进行时；选项D 是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析，最终判断
出最佳答案。
6.【2018·江苏】31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic
communication tools by then.
A. have developed
B. had developed
C. will have developed
D. developed【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025 年，我们不再互相发
电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状
语by then 到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确
的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两
个时间状语in 2025 和by then，从而得出答案。学科&网
7.【2018·江苏】30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.
A. had been carried out
B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out
D. has been carried out【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看
看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month 和in the past two years 可知用过去完成时。
故选A。
点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确
的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两
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个时间状语last month 和in the past two years，从而得出答案。
8.【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it
64
(be) more
effective at lengthening life
65
walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。
这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。
9.【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my
grandparents. I find a big change there.
【答案】find 改成found
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday 可知，事件发生在过
去，故用一个过去时。故将find 改成found。
9.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country
___61___（grow）more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown【解析】考查时态。since 加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011 年以来，中国种植的玉
米比水稻多。故填has grown。
10.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government
___68___ (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer
use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在2005 年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when 引导的定
语从句，由于时间是2005 年，故用过去时。故填started。
11.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real
harm.
【答案】meant【解析】考查动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般
过去时，所以用meant。
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·天津卷】8. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving
B. have driven
C. would drive
D. drove【解析】句意：
我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现走错路了。根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth. + when…(正在做某事，就在这时突
然)可知选A。
考点：考查动词时态。
【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did ... 这时一个常用固定句
型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when did ; had done + when
+ did 。在这三个句型中，when 引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时）突然……
2.【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.
A. was being followed
B. was following
C. had been followed
D. followed【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he 和follow 是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在
匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家
赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。
考点：时态和语态
3.【2017·江苏卷】31.He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A. hasn’t qualified
B. hadn’t qualified
C. doesn’t qualify
D.
wasn’t
qualifying 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify
for sth 达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选C。
考点：考查动词的时态
4.【2017·北京卷】33. People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.
A. will have
B. have
C. had
D. had had
试题分析：句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than 前一句话是用
现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
考点：考查时态。
5.【2017·北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented
B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented
D. hadn’t been invented
试题分析：句意：在美国20 世纪50 年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明
出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过
去完成时的被动语态。
考点：考查时态语态。
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6.【2017·北京卷】24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
A. Did you call
B. Have you called
C. Will you call
D. Were you calling
试题分析：句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正用得很
开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。
考点：考查时态。
7. 【2017· 江苏】24.The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised,
strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is
B. are
C.
was
D. were【解析】
试题分析：考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语
从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》的出版
获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
考点：考查主谓一致
8.【2017·天津卷】6. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of
exercise.
A. regard
B. is regarded
C. are regarded
D. regards【解析】
试题分析：句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as… (把……看
做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A 和D；由介词短语along with 连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前
一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
考点：考查动词语态和主谓一致
2016 年高考真题
1.【2016·北京】21. Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works
B. has worked
C. was working
D. would work【解析】
试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred 可知，这里指过去某时刻正
在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。
考点：考查时态
2.【2016·北京】23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited
B. wait
C. would be waiting
D. have been waiting【解析】
试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个
多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。
考点：考查时态
3.【2016·北京】25. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read
B. have read
C. am reading
D. will read【解析】
试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的动
作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。＂看小说＂这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。
考点：考查时态
4.【2016·北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the
end.
A. rewarded
B. were rewarded
C. will reward
D. will be rewarded【解析】
试题分析：题目考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据句
意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts 和reward 是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，故选D。
考点：考查时态和语态
5.【2016·江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A.
are made B.
will be made
C.
are being made
D.
have been made【解析】试题分析：考查时态和语态。
本句的时间状语in the years ahead＂在将来的几年＂和一般将来时连用，且efforts 与动词make 构成被动关系，所
以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B 项正确。
考点：考查时态语态
6.【2016·江苏】29.Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up
with the Western stand-up tradition.
A.
will be learning
B. is learning
C. had been learning
D. has been learning【解析】试题分析：考查时态。本句
强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国传统的相声和西方的脱口秀结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续
性和反复性。故D 项正确。
考点：考查时态
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7.【2016·天津】3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years.
A. didn’t see
B. haven’t seen
C. hadn’t seen
D. wouldn’t see【解析】
试题分析：句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come across
之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。
考点：考查动词时态。
【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想
象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要
发生的动作。过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示过去的过去的动作，还有一个特点就是和过去的一段时间搭配。
8.【2016·浙江】9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
had become
B. was becoming
C. has become
D.is becoming【解析】
试题分析：句意：到公元前100 年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是by+过去时间，
谓语用过去完成时。故选A。
考点：考查动词时态。
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专题08 名词性从句
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】25.Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the
human body.
A. what
B. that
C. which D. where【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人
们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence 指代的是同一事件，用that 引导同位语从句。故选B。
2.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across
the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be 句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位
语从句，解释说明中心词evidence 的内容，故填that。
3.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去
哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how
B. when
C. where
D. why【解析】考查名词性从句。句
意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how 表方式，when 表时间，where 表地点，why 表原因。“_________
we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where 引导。C 选项正确。
点睛：表语从句是指一个句子充当表语，通俗的说就是系动词be 后面接一个句子。连接表语从句的连接词有that，
what，who，when，where，which，why，whether，how 等。
2.【2018·北京】15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. what【解析】考查名词性从句。句
意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how 表方式，when 表时间，where 表地点，why 表原因。“_________
we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where 引导。C 选项正确。
点睛：what 是常见的名词性从句引导词之一，它除了引导从句作用之外，还在从句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语。
根据不同的语境，what 可以表示不同的意思，例如“……的东西或事情”，“……的人或样子”等。
3.【2018·天津】9. The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever
B. wherever
C. whoever
D. whatever【解析】考查名词性从句连接
词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，
表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
点睛：分析句子可知，空格处做be awarded to 的宾语，同时在后面的从句中做主语，再根据句意可知，这里主语指
人，故用whoever。
4.【2018·江苏】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where
B. when
C. why
D. how【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船
是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which 引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分
析句意可知，这里用连接副词how 引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。
点睛：本题考查表语。首先需要弄清句意及分析句子结构，然后根据前句By boat is the only way to get here 提示可
知作方式状语，就不难选出正确答案。
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·北京】23. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever
B. whoever
C. whomever
D. whichever【解析】试题分析：A. whatever
任何事B. whoever 任何人C. whomever 任何人D. whichever 无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝
的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A、D，
因为需要作主语，只能用主格代词who+ever，故选B。
考点：考查连词。
2.【2017·北京】26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why
B. where
C. how
D. when
试题分析：A. why 为什么B. where 在哪C. how
如何D. when 什么时候。句意：Jane 漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的
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街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案B。
考点：考查连词。学科&网
3.【2017·江苏】26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to
charge.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how【解析】考查名词性从句的引导
词。＂half of _________ it used to charge＂是$20 的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of 后跟名词或
名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge 后面缺少宾语，所以用what 来引导宾语从
句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。
【名师点睛】
这里容易误判为定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构，需要注意的是，half of 后面的价格是以前的价格。
如果是定语从句，那么half of 后面的价格则是$20 的一半，即$10，再结合“down to”可知，原来的价格
高于$20，因此不是定语从句。
介词of 后跟宾语，因此这里是宾语从句，通过分析句子成分可知，宾语从句缺少宾语，因此用what 引导。
4.【2017·天津】4. She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when
B. where
C. whether
D. what【解析】试题分析：句意：他问我是否
已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候；B.在哪里；C 是否；D.什么。根据句意，故选C
考点：考查宾语从句。
【名师点睛】本题是对宾语从句中连词的考查。对于宾语从句的连词的确定，首先确定连词的词义，然后根据句意
判断出正确的连词，本句的句意很明显，确定为是否。
4.【2018·新课标II 卷·短文改错】The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in
my life.
【答案】where 改为when【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在
我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where 改为when。
2016 年高考真题
1.【2016·北京】24. Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A. However
B. Whoever
C. Whatever
D. Wherever【解析】试题分析：题目考查
主语从句。helps 是谓语，＂________ you can do＂是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do 后缺少宾语，表示＂
任何事情＂，因此用whatever 引导，故选C。
考点：考查主语从句
2.【2016·北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what
B. that
C. whether
D. why【解析】试题分析：题目考查表语从句。
句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is 后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺
少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that 只起引导作用，故选B。
考点：考查表语从句
3.【2016·江苏】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A.
why
B. what
C. asD.
that【解析】试题分析：考查主语从句。句意：通常对于那些心存希望的人来
说一切皆有可能。此句中It 为形式主语，that 从句为真正的主语。故D 项正确。
4.【2016·天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether
B. that
C. which
D. what 【解析】试题分析：句意：经理
提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。此处使用同位语从句说明suggestion 的内容，而且同位语
从句的成分和意思都是完整的，故用that 引导，that 不作成分，只起连接作用。故选B。
考点：考查同位语从句。
【名师点睛】解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构，知道引导词的使用习惯。通过判断引导词在从句中所作
的成分，来选择正确的引导词。连接同位语从句的连词主要有that, if, whether，和疑问词（what how where when ...)。
that 引导表示陈述句的同位语从句，if 和whether，whether...or not 引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的同位语从句。判
断是否是同位语从句，还可以用同位词+is+同位语从句，如果可以讲的通，一般就是同位语从句，例如这题中，可
以改成The suggestion is that we should have an assistant.
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专题09 定语从句
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what
C. when D. that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实
现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why
B. where
C. which
D. what【解析】考查定语从句。句意：
他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences 是
一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
3.【2019·新课标I 卷·短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
【答案】One afternoon
I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。先行
词one
afternoon 表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where 改为when。
4.【2019·新课标II 卷·语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，
___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句
中作opened 一词的宾语，故用which。
5.【2019·新课标III 卷·语法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for
these animals.
【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有
经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created
for them.
【答案】
In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment is created for them. 【解析】本句考查定语从
句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what 改为that/which。
7.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因
此，可以用that 或which 引导。故填that/which。
8.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去
哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
9.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in
academic life.
【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___
are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who
或that。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which
B. who
C. as
D. that【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她
和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个
主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which 引导。A 选项正确。
点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断
规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that 不能引导非限
制性定语从句。
2.【2018·天津】2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A. whom
B. that
C. whose
D. her【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：
凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限
定性定语从句中作名词sister 的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先
行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
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3.【2018·江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：
自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系
副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先
行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
4.【2018·新课标I 卷·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014
66
showed a
mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all
causes
(cause).
【答案】that 或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study 是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that
或which。
4.【2018·新课标I 卷·短文改错】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they
earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
【答案】which 改成in which 或where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处
a small pond 是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which 或where。
5.【2018·新课标II 卷·语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government
_started_ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer
use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】that 或which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives 可知，该空缺少主语，指代program
并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that 或者which。
6.【2018·新课标II 卷·语法填空】Many westerners
57
come to China cook much less than in their own countries once
they realize how cheap
it
can be to eat out.
【答案】that 或who【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners 指人，在定语从句
中做主语，用关系代词who/that 引导，故填who/that。
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·北京卷】31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that
B. as
C. where
D. when
【解析】试题分析：句意：我们
在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。______ we meet in our daily lives 是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，
先行词是problems，用that。
考点：考查定语从句。
【名师点睛】
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why 等）。
1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的
先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.
The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.
2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。
e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.
I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.
The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me.
3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。
4. 作介词宾语的关系代词
在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom 用于指人，which 用于指物，
不能用that。
e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.
Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.
The room in which my family live used to be a garage.
2.【2017·江苏】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide
starvation.
A. which
B. it’s
C.
whose
D. whom 【解析】
试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，
whose 在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963 年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，
其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
考点：考查定语从句
3.【2017·天津】9. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
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A. that
B. whose
C. his
D. who【解析】
试题分析：本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My eldest son, 根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定
语，选项中只有whose 修饰名词作定语。故选B。
考点：考查定语从句。
【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which,
whom, as，who 在句中做主语，
宾语，表语;whose 做定语；where, why, when 在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什
么成分，就选用相应的关系词。
2016 年高考真题
1.【2016·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose
B. why
C. where
D. which【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从
句的关系词。a couple 是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children 和couple 是所属关系，故用whose 作定语，whose
children 相当于the children of whom，故选A。
考点：考查定语从句
2.【2016·江苏】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A.
of which
B. of them
C. of whom
D. of those【解析】试题分析：考查定语从
句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom 指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of 的宾语。
句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C 正确。
【名师点睛】
“of whom / which”引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部
分与整体”的关系时，用…of which / whom 或者of which / whom…都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose
来代替of which。
一、表示整体中的部分
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们
被愤怒的人群包围着。
I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。
I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。
There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，
另一瓶没完全喝完。
The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中
有一些是失而复得的。
二、表示所属关系
He’s written a book, the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。
句中的the name of which=whose name。
It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。
句中的the details of which=whose details。
考点：考查定语从句
3.【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been
proved.
A. whom
B. which
C. what
D. that【解析】
试题分析：句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从
句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which 引导。故选B。
考点：考查定语从句。
【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as，who 在句中做
主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when 在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少
什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。如果是代词+of+关系代词，注意先行词是人用whom，先行词是物用which。
4.【2016·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when【解析】
试题分析：句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，
定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
考点：考查定语从句。
【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as，who 在句中做
主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when 在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少
什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。
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专题10 并列连词和状语从句
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】23.The doctor shares his phone number with the patients __________ they need medical
assistance.
A. if onlyB. as if
C. even though
D. in case【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：医生给了病人他的手机号码，
以防病人需要医疗援助。A. if only 要是…多好；B. as if 好像，仿佛；C. even though 即使，尽管；D. in case 以备，
以防，免得。故选D。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】13.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _________ he wants their
support.
A. since
B. once
C. unless D. after【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到
他们的支持。since 因为；once 一旦；unless 除非；after 在……之后，根据题意，故选C。
3.【2019·新课标I 卷·短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
【答案】Suddenly
football fell just in front of me
almost hit me.【解析】考查冠词。名词football 为可数名词，前
边需要有限定词。这里football 第一次出现，故在football 前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且
差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but 改为and。
4.【2019·新课标II 卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the
friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
【答案】but【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而
是因为我想做。此处用but 与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是……”之意，故填but。
5.【2019·新课标III 卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering
how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
【答案】so【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能
到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·江苏】29. _______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one
or two nights.
A. Once
B. Unless
C. If
D. When【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语
境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A. Once 一旦；B. Unless
除非；C. If 如果；D. When 当……时候。故选B。
点睛：本题考查连词辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。
2.【2018·天津】4. Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since
B. as if
C. even though
D. so that【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析
及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A.ever since自那时起；
B.as if好像；C.even though尽管；D.so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用sothat引导。故选D。
点睛：本题考查连词短语词义辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意可以判断，这里考查so that
引导的目的状语从句。
3.【2018·北京】2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although
B. While
C. If
D. Until【解析】考查状语从句。
句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失。动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。
although 尽管；while 当……时候，尽管，然而；if 如果；until 直到。故C 选项正确。
点睛：条件状语从句通常由引导词if 或unless 引导。条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事
情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如”。
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·北京】28. If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you
figure it out.
A. because
B. though
C. until
D. since 【解析】试题分析：
A.because因为；B.though尽管；C.until直到；D.since目从。如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习和他人
探讨直到你解决为止，根据句意可知选用until，直到，选C。
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考点：考查连词。
【名师点睛】
从属连词的用法
1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词
(1) 表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的when, while, as, whenever。如：
Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。
He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。
(2) 表示“在……前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如：
Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。
(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如：
She's been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。
Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。
(4) 表示“一………就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately,
directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如：
I'll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。
(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，
any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：
I'll tell him about it (the) next time I see him.
我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。
注意：every time, each time, any time 前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time 中的冠词可以省略，而the first time
中的冠词通常不能省略。
2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。如：
Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧?
注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的
if 之后可能用will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will 为情态动词)。如：
If you will sit down for a few moments, I'll tell the manager you're here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。
3. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。如：
He distrusted me because I was new.他不信任我，因为我是新来的。
2.【2017·北京】25. ______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. Once
B. If
C. Although
D. Because【解析】试题分析：A.Once 一
旦；B.If 如果；C.Although 尽管；D.Because 因为。句意：尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他
用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系，故选C。
考点：考查连词。
3.【2017·北京】22. —Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you have visited.
—No problem.
A. but
B. or
C. for
D. so【解析】试题分析：A. but 但
是
B. or
或者C. for 因为
D. so 因此
句意：Peter，请给我们寄明信片，因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过，
根据语境可知前后句之间是因果关系，故用so，选D。
考点：考查并列连词。
【名师点睛】
并列连词的用法
1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有but, yet 等。如：
Someone borrowed my pen, but I don't remember who.有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。
2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有for, so 等。如：
The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor.
这孩子咳得很利害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。
注意：for 表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。
3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) , both…and , as
well as 等。如：
He didn't go and she didn't go either. 他没去，她也没去。
The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。
4. 【2017· 江苏】23. Located _______ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road
construction.
A. why
B. when
C. which
D. where【解析】试题分析：考查状语从
句。be located in+地点名词，位于坐落某地，where引导的地点状语从句在此相当于in some place，故选D。句意：
位于丝绸之路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。
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考点：考查状语从句
2016 年高考真题
1.【2016·北京】27. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as
B. as if
C. even though
D. in case【解析】
试题分析：题目考查状语从句。句意：即使是九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.as long as 只要，引
导条件句；B.as if 似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even though 即使，引导让步状语从句；D.in case 以防，
引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。
考点：考查状语从句
2.【2016·北京】35. I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.
A. so
B. and
C. for
D. but【解析】试题分析：题目考查并列连词。
句意：我不害怕明天，因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱着今天。so 后跟结果；and 表并列关系；for 补充说明原因；
but 表转折。故选C。
考点：考查并列连词
3.【2016·江苏】26.______some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
A.
Because
B.
If
C.
Unless
D.
While
【解析】试题分析：考查连词。连词because因为；if如果；unless除非，如果不……；while尽管；然而；当时；句意：
尽管一些人被成功的渴望驱使着，但是其他人却被失败的恐惧驱使着前进。根据句意可知上下文之间存在转折关系，
所以使用“while尽管……”连接。故D项正确。
【名师点睛】
连词while 根据上下文有以下不同作用和含义。
一、引导时间状语从句译作“当……时”。例如：
1. Make hay while the sun shines. 趁着有太阳晒晒草。（乘机行事，抓紧时机。）
2. We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young.
趁着现在还年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获得更多的知识。
二、引导让步状语从句
常放在句首，译作“尽管”、“虽然”，比although 或though 语气要轻。例如：
While I believe it is true, I cannot prove it. 虽然我相信那是真的，但我无法证明。
三、引导条件状语从句
相当于as long as，译作“只要”。例如：
1. While there is life, there is hope.有生命，就有希望。
2. While a spark of life remains, it is a doctor's duty to save the patient.
只要病人还有一息生机，医生就有责任挽救。
四、引导原因状语从句
相当于since，有“既然”的意思。例如：
1. You'll never save any money while you're so extravagant. 你这么奢侈，永远存不下钱来。
2. I'd like to get it settled today while we're at it. 既然我们着手干了，我想今天就把它干完。
五、连接并列句
表示对比，相当于whereas，译作“而”、“可是”。例如：
1. An outdoors man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on a tan after a short
vacation in the sun.
从事室外工作的人如果调到室内工作，不久肤色就会变白；而一个伏案工作的文员出去度个短假，就会被太阳变黑。
2. Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative. 运动是绝对的，而静止是相对的。
六、连接并列句表示递进，相当于and what is more, 译作“并且”、“而且”。例如：
The new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made c
lothes are cheap and plentiful.
新的人造纤维比天然纤维耐磨，因此能大大减少修补工作，而且做好的衣服价廉物美，数量也多。
考点：考查连词
4.【2016·天津】7. ______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
A. Unless
B. Until
C. As
D. While【解析】试题分析：句意：随着人口平均年龄
的增长，越来越多的老人要照顾。untess 除非；until 直到；as 因为，正如，随着；while 虽然，然而，当.….时候。
根据语境，故选C。
考点：考查连词。
【名师点睛】这几个词都是连词，要分清每个连词短语的含义和用法，做题时关键看上下文和句意的逻辑关系做题。
unless 引导的是条件状语从句；until 引导时间状语从句，as 引导方式/原因/状语从句；while 引导让步/时间状语从
句。as 的用法比较多，不仅仅在选择题中经常出现，学生在做阅读完型的时候，遇到as 一定要判断它的准确含义，
以便于正确理解这句话的意思。
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5.【2016·浙江】5._______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.
A. Since
B. After
C. While
D. Unless【解析】
试题分析：句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，单数不是所有的影响都是积极的。While 引导让步状语从
句，意为“尽管，虽然”；since 既然，自从；after 在……之后；unless 除非。故选C。
考点：考查连词。
【名师点睛】这几个词都是连词，要分清每个连词短语的含义和用法，做题时关键看上下文和句意的逻辑关系做题。
since 引导原因/时间状语从句；after 引导时间状语从句，while 引导让步/时间状语从句；unless 引导的是条件状语
从句；while 的用法比较多，不仅仅在选择题中经常出现，学生在做阅读完型的时候，遇到while 一定要判断它的准
确含义，以便于正确理解这句话的意思。
6.【2016·北京】33. I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of
the day.
A. because
B. before
C. unless
D. until【解析】试题分析：题目考查原因
状语从句。句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能让我放松，使我不去想其它的事情。前后是因果关系，故选A。
考点：考查状语从句
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专题11 特殊句式
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in
his class.
A. should they
B. they should
C. dare they
D. they dare【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。
on no account 决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do，敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，
故选A。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】14. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where【解析】考查强调句。句意：只
有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强
调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the
car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，
It is / was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句
子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that 或者是who。
2.【2018·北京】8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you
need.
A. press
B. to press
C. pressing
D. pressed【解析】考查祈使句。
句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and 是连
词，连接并列结构，and 后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中。
只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A 选项正确。
点睛：祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用and；前后意思为相反关系时，
用or。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。
3.【2018·新课标II 卷·语法填空】China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers
useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】feeding【解析】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农
业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while 后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原
则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be 动词时，那
么可以把主语和be 动词一块省略。故填feeding。
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were
B. Were it
C. It was
D. Was it【解析】试题分析：考查虚拟语
气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if 省略，同时把were/should/had 提前，
即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
【名师点睛】
在虚拟语气中，be 动词只能用were；虚拟条件句省去连词if 时，从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主
语+谓语动词……
e.g. Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。
I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。
Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。
若条件从句为否定句，否定词not 应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t,
Hadn’t 置于句首。
考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装
2.【2017·天津卷】11. It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who
B. where
C. which
D. that【解析】试题分析：句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的
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新邻居。根据关键词It was 开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，
句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。
考点：考查强调句型。
【名师点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道
题，去掉强调结构是：when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors..这句话是成立的，
所以是强调句。除了强调句的陈述句，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问词的结构，还有强调句做名词性
从句的语序问题。
2016 年高考真题
1.【2016·江苏】34.Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
A. they had encouraged
B. had they encouraged
C. did they encourage
D. they encouraged【解析】
试题分析：考查部分倒装。当not until 所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候，主句要使用部分倒装句。排除AD 项，B
项为过去完成时，上下文中并没有体现出过去的过去的时间。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业
有关的活动。故C 正确。
【名师点睛】
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加
助动词do, does 或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1.句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如：
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。
当Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
2. so, neither, nor 作部分倒装
用这些词表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。例如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克
也会。If you won't go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。
3. only 在句首，且强调状语时,句子也必须部分倒装。
例如：Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
其他部分倒装
1）so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。
2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。学科*网
考点：考查部分倒装
2.【2016·天津】13. You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ____ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who
B. which
C. where
D. that【解析】试题分析：句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客
车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用
who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。
故选D。
考点：考查强调句。
【名师点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道
题，去掉强调结构是：The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.这句话是成立的，所以是强调句。除了强调句的陈述句，
还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问词的结构，还有强调句做名词性从句的语序问题。
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专题12 情景交际
一、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】35.—Let's take a coffee break.
— __________ We' ve been working for hours.
A. Why bother?
B. What for?
C. You got me there.
D. You said it.【解析】考查情景对话。——句意：我们休息
一下喝杯咖啡吧。——你算说对了。我们已经工作好几个小时了。下文说“我们已经工作好几个小时了”，上文应该
是赞同这个建议。why bother 没有必要；what for 为什么；You got me there 你把我搞糊涂了；You said it 你算说对
了，故选D。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】1.—I guess you want to go play tennis.
—__________. That's exactly what I was thinking too.
A. I didn't get it
B. It's up to you
C. You never know D. You read my mind【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——我猜你想去打网球。——你猜透了我的
心思。那就是我正在想着的事情。从回答的后半句可知，听话人同意说话人的意思。而A（不明白，不认同某人的
说法）、B（决于你）和C（很难说，不可预知）都不符合语境。“you read my mind”意为你知我心，符合语境，故选
D。
3.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】6.—My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!
—Wow, ___________! What's he going to study?
A. good for him
B. go for it
C. what a coincidence
D. all the best【解析】本题考查情景对话。句意：——我的儿子得了他梦想大学的全额奖学
金。——噢，对他有好处!他打算学习什么呢? good for him“对他有好处” ；go for it“努力争取”；what a coincidence“多
么巧合”；all the best“祝一切顺利（祝酒告别时说）”。故选A。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】5. —I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.
—___________. Just let me know when, and I'll be there.
A. You bet
B. It depends
C. Forget it
D. No kidding【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——我在几天内会搬家，我想知道
你是否能帮忙。——没问题，只需要让我知道什么时候，我就会到那儿。A. You bet 没问题；B. It depends 看情况而
定；C. Forget it 算了吧；D. No kidding 别开玩笑。根据答句中的Just let me know when, and I’ll be there.可以判断：他
/她一定会帮忙。故选A。
点睛：本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项在语境中的具体运用，然后抓住关键答句Just let
me know when, and I’ll be there.，就不难选出正确答案。
2.【2018·天津】1. —Wasn't Joan supposed to be here by now?
一_________. She will be here in about twenty minutes.
A. All right
B. Don't worry
C. No wonder
D. Enjoy yourself【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——琼现在不是应该在这儿吗？——
不用担心，在大约20 分钟内她将会到这儿的。A. all right 好，行；B. Don’t worry 别担心；C. No wonder 难怪；D. Enjoy
yourself 玩得开心。根据答句中的She will be there in about twenty minutes.可以判断：不需要担心琼，她一会儿就到。
故选B。
点睛：本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项含义，然后抓住答句，就不难选出正确答案。
3.【2018·江苏】35. —What happened? Your boss seems to _______.
—Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press?
A. be over the moon
B. laugh his head off
C. be all ears
D. fly off the handle【解析】考查习惯用语。句意：——发生什么了？你老板看
起来勃然大怒。——你难道不知道他的秘书把秘密报告泄露给新闻界了吗？A. be over the moon 非常高兴；B. laugh his
head off 笑的要死；C. be all ears 洗耳恭听；D. fly off the handle 勃然大怒。故选D。
点睛：本题考查习惯用语。英语习语是英语中使用最普遍、表达力最强、文化内涵最丰富的一部分，包括成语、谚
语、格言、典故、俚语、俗语、歇后语等，是英语语言的精粹。同学们在学习过程中准确掌握英语中的习语，能帮
助同学们深刻理解英语词汇中的文化内涵及文化差异，从而更加准确、传神地使用英语。
4.【2018·江苏】28. —You know what? I’ve got a New Year concert ticket.
—Oh, _______ You’re kidding.
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A. so what?
B. go ahead.
C. come on.
D. what for?【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——你知道是什么吗？我已经得到
一张新年音乐会的票了。——哦，得了吧，你开玩笑的吧。A. so what?那又怎么样？B. go ahead.去吧。C. come on.
得了吧。D. what for?为什么？交际用语中come on 表示“得了吧！算了吧！”，用来指责别人或表示不耐烦。故选C。
【点睛】本题考查交际用语。对于交际用语的考查，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，尽量避免汉语式的表达。
解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语境语义的联系。本题选项中的come on.是大家熟悉的交际用语，我们常
见的含义有：①加油！②赶快！(用于催促别人快点) ③赶快！(用于催促别人快点) 但这些含义与本题都无关。所以
我们要多积累，多了解短语在不同交际用语中的不同用法。
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·天津卷】7. —Michael was late for Mr. Smith’s chemistry class this morning.
—________? As far as I know, he never came late to class.
A. So what
B. Why not
C. Who cares
D. How come【解析】
试题分析：句意：—今天上午迈克尔在斯密斯老师的化学课迟到了。—怎么会呢？据我所知，他上课从不迟到。A.
那又怎么样呢；B.为什么不呢；C 谁在意呢；D.怎么会呢。根据语境，故选D。
考点：考查交际用语。
【名师点睛】情景交际的考查关键在于理解上下文语境，同时要注意辨析选项的意思，平时多熟记交际用语，尤其
是一些与汉语相差较大的表达。做这类试题，要求同学们按照所给的情景，选择最佳问句或答句，完成题目。要想
做好这类题目，关键是平时要养成讲英语的良好习惯，努力提高口语水平，熟练掌握日常会话项目中常用的问答语。
2.【2017·天津卷】1.—Albert’s birthday is on next Saturday, and I’m planning a surprise party for him.
—__________. I’ll bring some wine.
A. Sounds like fun
B. It depends
C. Just a minute
D. You are welcome【解析】试题分析：句意：—艾伯特的生日在下个星期天，
我计划给他办一个惊喜的晚会。—听起来很有趣，我将带些酒来。A.听起来很有趣；B.看情况；C.请稍等；D.欢迎。
根据语境，故选A。
考点：考查交际用语。
【名师点睛】交际英语注重运用，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语
境语义的联系。还有要注意中英文之间的差异，千万不要用汉语的思维，还要注意礼貌用语。这个题目是一个对话，
上下文语境非常关键。
3.【2017·江苏卷】33. — What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?
—it’s nothing. Just something _______.
A. as clear as day
B. off the top of my head
C. under my nose
D. beyond my wildest
dreams【解析】考查习惯用语。A. as clear as day 显而易见，容易理解；B. off the top of my head 没有考虑；C. under
my nose 就在我眼皮底下(都没有察觉)；D. beyond my wildest dreams 远远出乎意料，做梦都没有想到。句意：——你
T 恤上的东西是什么意思？——没什么特别的意思。只是灵光一闪，随便写的。故选B。
考点：考查俗语
4.【2017·江苏卷】35. —Going to watch the Women’s Volleyball Match on Wednesday?
—_______! Will you go with me?
A. You there
B.
You bet
C. You got me
D. You know better 【解析】
试题分析：考查情景交际用语。A. You there 说你呢(用于引起注意)；B. You bet 的确；当然；C. You got me
你把我问住了；D. You know better 其实就是You know better than that 你明知道不该做或你知道的更多。“Will
you go with me?”可知，“我”会去看女子排球，答语应该是肯定的，故选B。句意：“(你)星期三去看女排
比赛啊？”“当然。你和我一起去吗？”
考点：考查情景交际用语
2016 年、2015 年高考真题
1.【2016·江苏】32.—Only those who have a lot in common can get along well.
—__________ . Opposites sometimes do attract.
A. I hope not
B.
I think so
C.
I appreciatethat
D.
I beg to differ
【解析】试题分析：考查交际用语。I hope not 我可不希望这样；I think so 我认为如此；I appreciate that 我很感激；
I beg to differ 恕我不能同意。由答语后句Opposites sometimes do attract.（意见相反的人有时会相互吸引。）可知两
个人的意见并不一致。故D 项符合语境。
考点：考查交际用语
2.【2016·天津】1. ---It was a wonderful trip. So, which city did you like better, Paris or Rome?
---______. There were good things and bad things about them.
A. It’s hard to say
B. I didn’t get it
C. You must be kidding
D. Couldn’t be better【解析】
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试题分析：句意：—这是一次很棒的旅行。那么，你更喜欢哪个城市，巴黎还是罗马？—很难说。它们都既有好的
也有坏的事情。A.很难说；B.我不明白；C.你一定是在开玩笑吧；D.再好不过了。根据语境，故选A。
考点：考查交际用语。
【名师点睛】交际英语注重运用，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语
境语义的联系。还有要注意中英文之间的差异，千万不要用汉语的思维，还要注意礼貌用语。这个题目是一个对话，
上下文语境非常关键。
3.【2016·天津】6. —I’m thinking of going back to school to get another degree.
—Sounds great!_____.
A. It all depends
B. Go for it
C. Never mind
D. No wonder【解析】
试题分析：句意：—我在想回去上学再拿一个学位。—听起来很棒！努力争取吧。A.那就看情况而定了；B.去争取吧；
C.没关系；D.难怪。故选B。
考点：考查交际用语。
【名师点睛】情景交际的考查关键在于理解上下文语境，同时要注意辨析选项的意思，平时多熟记交际用语，尤其
是一些与汉语相差较大的表达。做这类试题，要求同学们按照所给的情景，选择最佳问句或答句，完成题目。要想
做好这类题目，关键是平时要养成讲英语的良好习惯，努力提高口语水平，熟练掌握日常会话项目中常用的问答语。
4.【2016·浙江】1. —Are you sure you're ready for the test?
—_________. I'm well prepared for it.
A. I'm afraid not
B. No problem
C. Hard to say
D. Not really【解析】句意：—你确定你准
备好考试了吗？—没问题。我已经做好准备了。A.恐怕不；B.没问题；C.很难说；D.不全是。根据语境，故选B。
考点：考查交际用语。
【名师点睛】交际英语注重运用，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语
境语义的联系。还有要注意中英文之间的差异，千万不要用汉语的思维，还要注意礼貌用语。这个题目是一个对话，
上下文语境非常关键。I'm afraid not 应该是委婉地拒绝；Hard to say 表示说话人没有把握；Not really 是一种否定回
答。
5.【2016·浙江】20.—The movie starts at 8:30,and we can have a quick bite before we go
—
.See you at 8:10
A. So long
B.
Sounds great
C. Good luck
D. Have a good time
【解析】
试题分析：句意：—电影在八点半开始，我们走之前可以迅速吃点东西。—听起来很棒。8 点十分见。A.再见；B.
听起来很好；C.祝好运；D.玩得愉快。故选B。
考点：考查交际用语。
【名师点睛】情景交际的考查关键在于理解上下文语境，同时要注意辨析选项的意思，平时多熟记交际用语，尤其
是一些与汉语相差较大的表达。做这类试题，要求同学们按照所给的情景，选择最佳问句或答句，完成题目。要想
做好这类题目，关键是平时要养成讲英语的良好习惯，努力提高口语水平，熟练掌握日常会话项目中常用的问答语。
这题的sound great 实际上是省略句，完整的句子是The idea sounds great.和上文提出的建议吻合。
6. 【2015·重庆】5. —I can drive you home.
—____ , but are you sure it’s not too much trouble?
A. That would be great
B. Don’t bother
C. I’m afraid not
D. Take care
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：我载你回家。太好了，但你确定没给添麻烦吗？根据are you
sure it’s not too much trouble?可知表示同意，故选A 项。
【考点定位】考查情景交际。
【名师点睛】情景交际顾名思义就要根据情景来进行作答，所以语境的判断是十分重要的，根据are you sure it’s not
too much trouble 可知表示同意，故可以很顺利找到答案。注意此类题三个步骤，一仔细审题，明确大意；二，分
析圣诞，试填答案；三全题复读，融会贯通。
7.【2015·浙江】1. —Hi, John. Are you busy?
—
A. Yes. I do agree.
B. Yes. That would be nice.
C. No. Are you sure?
D. No. What’s up?
【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析：句意：有人问John 是否有空？John 的回答是没有，怎么了？此题首先要正确理解四个选项的意思，然
后分析这种表达使用的场合。交际用语的考查要注意上下文的连贯，才可以正确选择到答案。A. Yes. I do agree.的意
思是：是的，我同意。这种表达用于回答是否赞同的情况。B. Yes. That would be nice.的意思是：是的，这会很好。
这种表达用于表达观点看法。C. No. Are you sure? 的意思是：不，你确定吗？这种表达不确定时的再次询问。D. No.
What’s up? 意思是不，怎么了？4 个选项分别有两个是表肯定的回答，两个是表否定的回答。而在Yes 或No 之后，
其中有两句是陈述语气，表肯定，还有两个是疑问句式，用于展开下一句话。
【考点定位】考查交际用语
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【名师点睛】交际用语是高考热点，主要以对话形式体现，以情景为依托，语料丰富，情景生动，突出实用，侧重
考查学生综合运用英语的能力，考生要深入情景，注意中西方文化差异，注重礼貌和合作优先原则，利用有效的语
境因素，注意言语的含义。能够做到这一些那么这些题目，自然就迎刃而解了。
8.【2015·天津】1.
—Sorry, Liz. I think I was a bit rude to you.
—______, but don’t do that again!
A. Go ahead
B. Forget it
C. It depends
D. With pleasure【解析】
试题分析：句意:——对不起，Liz。我想刚才我对你有点粗鲁。——算了吧，不过不要再那样做了。A. Go ahead 好吧，
行啊；B. Forget it 算了吧，不必在意；C. It depends 那还得看情况了；D. With pleasure 乐意效劳。根据句意可知
选B。
【考点定位】考查交际用语。
【名师点睛】本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意，然后抓住关键转折词but，就不难选出正确答案。
应对日常交际用语考题，考生应首先需要掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语，然后判断该题所适用的情景场
合，最后判断出正确答案。
7.【2015·四川】1.—Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.
—______ Mike can do it later.
No way
B. Take your time
C. Nothing serious
D. You're welcome【解析】
试题分析：考查情景交际。选项A 意为没门；选项B 意为慢慢来；选项C 意为没什么大不了的；选项D 意为不客
气。此题上文意为：对不起，我忘了锁门；下文意为Mike 稍后会做的，根据语境选择C 最为恰当。
【考点定位】考查情景交际
【名师点睛】本题考查情景交际用语。情景交际用语考查学生在特定的语言环境中运用语言的能力，容易受到中西
方文化不同思维方式的影响，指考虑语法规则而忽视礼貌得体原则。故要求考生平时要注意总结、归纳。此题主要
考查了劝慰别人的话，设题较为简单，没有中式英语的出现，不会影响考生作出正确的判断。
8.【2015·陕西】16. —Sir, could I hand in my homework a bit late?
— __________, since you’ve been unwell these days.
A. You can’t be serious
B. I’m afraid not
C. Good idea
D. Well, all right【解析】试题分析：句意：——老师，我可以迟一些交我的作业
吗？——好的，因为你最近一直不舒服。You can’t be serious 你一定是开玩笑吧!；I’m afraid not 恐怕不行；Good idea
好主意；Well，all right 好啊，行。所以选D。
【考点定位】考查交际英语
【名师点睛】对于交际用语的考查。首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，尽量避免汉语式的表达。解题时要在上下
文中进行，特别要注意与语境语义的联系。还有要注意中英文之间的差异，对话时要以礼貌用语为主。
9.【2015·江苏】23.—Jim, can you work this Sunday?
—________? I’ve been working for two weeks on end.
A. Why me
B. Why not
C. What if
D. So what【解析】
试题分析：句意：——Jim，周末你能加班吗？——为什么是我？我连续工作两周了。A 项“为什么是我？”；B 项“为
什么不呢?”；C 项“要是……会怎样?”；D 项“那又怎么样?”。只有A 项符合语境。故选A 项。
【考点定位】交际用语
【名师点睛】本题四个选项均是高考交际用语高频考点，分属不同的日常话题。B 项用于“向别人提建议”；C 项用于
“提出假设”；D 项带有“ 带有不服气和挑衅的意思”。考生在做题时应注意：1.形式相似的惯用语的异同；2.语境文化
差异；3.积累固定的表达；4.区分道歉与道谢的答语等。
10.【2015·江苏】33.—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he’s _______ .
A. an early bird
B. a wet blanket
C. a lucky dog
D. a tough nut【解析】
试题分析：句意：——为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会？——你知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A 项“早起
的鸟儿（比喻勤劳的人）”；B 项“扫兴的人或物”；C 项“幸运儿”；D 项“棘手的事情，难对付的人”。故选B 项。
【考点定位】英语俗语
【名师点睛】本题四个选项中前三项都是很常见的俗语。而且，B 项a wet blanket“扫兴的人或物”（正确答案）就来
自于课本。因此，考生平时除了要注重积累，更要关注课本上出现过的俗语、习语和谚语。
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专题13 阅读理解广告类、新闻类
一、2019 年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I，A】
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and
what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under
30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which
provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their
own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight
weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer
positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a
disability.
21. What is special about Summer Company?
A. It requires no training before employment.
B. It provides awards for running new businesses.
C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D. It offers more summer job opportunities.
22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A. 15-18.
B. 15-24.
C. 15-29.
D. 16-17.
23. Which program favors the disabled?
A. Jobs for Youth.
B. Summer Company.
C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.
D. Summer Employment Opportunities.
【语篇解读】本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。
21.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Company 部分中的“Summer Company provides students with ...awards of up to
＄3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses” 可知“Summer Company 为学生提供高达3000 美元的奖
励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这
对应B 项中的“runn new businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。
22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program 部分中的第二段“Who is eligible: Students aged 16
or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知“符合条件的学生：16 岁或17 岁的学生，
但在今年12 月31 日之前未满18 岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17 岁之间。分析选项可知D 项符
合题意，故选D。
23.D【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities 部分中的最后一段最后一句“Who is eligible: ...Some
positions require students to be 15to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”, 可知Summer Employment
Opportunities 有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D 项符合题意，故选D。
2. 【2019·全国卷II，A】
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she
picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his
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strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are
equally fumy and frightening，but they're also aspirational.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It’s about two sisters-Eri，a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to
connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people” who are hiding secrets.
Gone Girl
Gillian Fynn
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant.
There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration
when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4%
of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest
characters ever.
21. Who does "I" refer to in the text?
A. Stephen King.
B. Gillian Flynn.
C. Jo Usmar.
D. Roald Dahl
22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?
A. Cosmopolitan.
B. Matilda.
C. After Dark.
D. The Stand.
23. What kind of book is Gone Girl?)
A. A folk tale.
B. A biography.
C. A love story.
D. A horror story.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了作家Jo Usmar 最喜欢的书籍。
21.C
【解析】细节理解题。由Matilda 中的“I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing
and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words”可知，我曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗
尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文，这篇论文让我对他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的认识。所以Jo Usmar 在介绍
Matilda 这本书，用第一人称“I”口吻来说明自己曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文。
所以“I”指的是Jo Usmar。故C 选项正确。
22.C
【解析】细节理解题。由After Dark 中的“It’s about two sister-Eri,a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping,
and Mari,a young student”可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹---Eri 是一个突然一觉不醒的模特。玛丽，是一个充满青
春活力的学生。所以After Dark 中讲述了Eri 和Mari 的故事。故C 选项正确。
23.C
【解析】细节理解题。由Gone Girl 中的“......but the horror story is brilliant”可知，但是这个恐怖的故事很精彩。
所以Gone Girl 讲述的是一个恐怖故事。故D 选项正确。
3. 【2019·全国卷III，A】
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph，in which an origami(折纸术)artist invites a
teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian
Church，165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with
twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey.
Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is presented as an
immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public，425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about a
Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs，for
Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre，227 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.)
21. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?.
A. A type of art.
B. A teenager's studio.
C. A great teacher.
D. A group of animals.
22. Who is the director of The Audience?
A. Helen Mirren.
B. Peter Morgan.
C. Dylan Baker.
D. Stephen Daldry.
23. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?
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A. Animals Out of Paper.
B. The Audience.
C. Hamilton.
D. On the Twentieth Century.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。这篇文章对一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映进行了介绍。
21.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧Animals Out of Paper 的Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv
Joseph, in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.可知，Rajiv Joseph 创作的
的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。故选A。
22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧The Audience 的Stephen Daldry directs.可知，本剧是Stephen Daldry 导演的。
故选D。
23.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧Hamilton 的Li-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton in
which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.可知，话剧Hamilton 的主题是美国的诞生，由此可
知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部话剧。故选C。
4. 【2019·北京卷，A】
Want to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the
three with Global Development Association(GDA).Whatever stage of life you're at，wherever you go and whatever project
you do in GDA，you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.Now we need volunteer
managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such
roles as project managers，mountain leaders，and communication officers.
Depending on which role you choose，you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water，or help
to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.
Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，you'll also learn new skills and increase your
cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who'll become your lifelong friends.
This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:
Country
Schedule
4-week programmes
7-week programmes
Algeria
5 Jul.- 1Aug.
20Jun. -7Aug.
Egypt
24 Jul-20 Aug.
19Jun.-6 Aug.
Kenya
20 Jul.-16Aug.
18 Jun.-5 Aug.
South Africa
2Aug.-29 Aug.
15 Jun.-2Aug.
GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All
our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while
bringing benefits to the communities.
Find out more about joining a GDA programme:
Website:wwwglodeve.org
Email:humanresources@glodeve.org
31. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?
A. To seek local partners
B. To take in young volunteers
C. To carry out programmes
D. To foster cultural awareness
32. The programme beginning in August will operate in__________.
A. Egypt
B. Algeria
C. Kenya
D. South Afria
33. The shared goal of GDA’s projects to __________.
A. explore new cultures
B. protect the environment
C. gain corporate benefit
D. help communities in need
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，这是一篇招聘志愿者的广告。
31. C
【解析】细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。根据第三段中Depending on which role you choose,
you could help to increase ...,or help to project....You might also design...可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以帮助
增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判断出其
主要职责是执行项目计划。故选C。
32. D
【解析】细节理解题。题干问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展。根据这个表格中4-week programmes 中
的最后一个，可知答案选D。
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33. D 【解析】细节理解题。题干问GDA 的所有项目的共同目的是什么。根据倒数第二段中All our projects aim to
promote the development of poor and remote communities 可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮
助有需要的小区。故选D。
5. 【2019·天津卷，A】
History Fair Competition
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are
today and who we will become. Thornton fiddle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting，
engaging，and fun！
This Year's Theme
All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for
Americans throughout history. To many people，technology means computers，hand-held devices，or vehicles that travel to
distant planets. However，technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in
countless ways.
Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories：
·Performance
·Documentary（纪实作品）
·Essay Writing
Category Requirements
Performance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used，they
should truly represent a given period.
Documentary: A visual presentation（such as a video，slide show，or computer project）no more than 10 minutes long.
A desktop computer，screen，projector，and loudspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs
before Friday，March 23.
Essay Writing: An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words. No illustrations（图解）are allowed. Please do not include
covers. A list of references must be included.
Important Dates
January 5
Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first
is off-topic or unclear.
February 5
Submit a first draft of your essay，performance script（剧本），or documentary highlights.
February 19
A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity
to improve their products.
March 9
Submit a final draft of your essay.
March 15
Performance and documentary committee preview
March 24
Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition
7：00A. M-9：00A. M
Participants signing in at the gym
10：00A. M. -6：00PM.
Competition and judges' review
7：00P.M.
Awards ceremony and picnic
36. According to Paragraph 1，what is the major goal of understanding history？
A. To preserve national traditions.
B. To prepare for a history competition.
C. To better know the present and future.
D. To further explore historical mysteries.
37. What is the theme of this year's competition？
A. Technology advances science.
B. Science interacts with technology.
C. Science has made the study of history easy.
D. Technology has improved the life of Americans.
38. Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are__________
A. special clothes and a screen
B. a desktop computer and a CD
C. a projector and special clothes
D. a desktop computer and loudspeakers
39. What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the category requirement?
A. Include more information in the essay.
B. Remove the references.
C. Provide a cover for the essay.
D. Explain the details with illustrations.
40. What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?
A. Preview performances and documentaries.
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B. Make comments on the materials.
C. Improve the participant's first draft.
D. Collect a second proposal from the participant.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了桑顿中学举办的历史展览竞赛的相关信息。
36. C 【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become”可知，历史告
诉了今天我们是谁，将来我们要成为谁，它是我们重要的组成部分。所以根据第一段，了解历史的主要目地
是更好地了解现在和未来。故C 选项正确。
37. D【解析】细节理解题。由This Year’s Theme 中的“All participants must address how communication or transportation
technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history ”可知，所有的参与者都必须要说明
通信或运输技术如何在整个历史过程中如何提高了美国人的生活质量。所以今年竞赛的主题是：技术提高了
美国人的生活。故D 选项正确。
38. D【解析】细节理解题。由Documentary 中的“A desktop computer, screen, projector, and loudspeaker will be available”
可知，将提供台式电脑、屏幕、投影仪和扬声器。所以学校提供的视觉展示设备包括台式电脑和扩音器。故
D 选项正确。
39. A【解析】细节理解题。本题采用排除法。由Essay Writing 中的“An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,5000 words ”No
illustration are allowed。Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included”可知，要求一份2000
至25000 字的学术论文。不允许有插图。请不要包括封面。必须包括一份参考文献列表。所以通过排除法，
可以看出B，C，D 选项都被排除，故一个参与者需要在文章中列入更多的信息才能使一篇1500 字的论文满
足类别要求。故A 选项正确。
40. B 【解析】细节理解题。由Important Dates 中的“February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give
opinions ”可知，2 月19 日，教师委员会将对材料进行评估并发表意见。所以在2 月19 日。教师委员会将对
材料做出评论。故B 选项正确。
6. 【2019·江苏卷，A】
Whatever your age or
interests, Buxton has
something to see or do
to make your visit truly
memorable.
High energy
If
you
desire
physical activities, you
can
choose
activities
from
swimming
to
horse riding. Explore the heights
with Go Ape, the high
wire forest adventure course, or
journey
beneath
the
earth at Poole's Cavern. And don't forget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just
perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.
High minded
Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you' ll find much to suit all tastes with
art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and
Green Man Gallery. There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become
involved, including workshops and events.
Keeping the kids happy
Children love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and there’s plenty
more to explore at the Buxton Museum. There's a new
indoor play centre, plus the special
events and workshops, and others during school holiday periods
56. If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice?
A. Pole's Caven.
B. Pavilion Gardens.
C. Buxton Museum.
D. Green Man Gallery.
57. Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers ________.
A. rides in small trains
B. courses in modern arts
C. artistic and cultural activities
D. basic courses in horse riding
【语篇解读】这是一篇说应用文。短文向游客介绍了去布克斯顿旅游可以去的一些景点的相关信息。
56.A【解析】细节理解题。由High energy 中的“...... journey beneath the earth at Poole's Cavern”可知，在Poole's Cavern，
可以在地下旅行，也就是乘坐地铁旅行。所以如果你想乘地铁旅行，Poole's Cavern 是你最好的选择。故A 选
项正确。
57.C【解析】细节理解题。由High minded 中的“Buxton is justifiably proud of it’s cultural life and you will find much to suit
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all tastes with art ,music,opera,and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House&Pavilion Arts Center and Green
Man Gallery”可知，Buxton 以其丰富的文化生活而自豪，在Buxton Opera House&Pavilion Arts Center and Green
Man Gallery，您将发现许多适合各种品味的艺术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术。所以Buxton Opera House&Pavilion
Arts Center 特别是因为它提供艺术和文化活动。故C 选项正确。
二、2018 年高考真题
1. 【2018·全国卷I，A】
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of
Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.
Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments
and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike,
helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience
Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting
stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling
between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the
monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo
taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped
with reflective vests and safety lights.
21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A. Meet famous people.
B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums.
D. Enjoy interesting stories.
23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A. City maps.
B. Cameras.
C. Meals.
D. Safety lights.
【文章大意】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington, D.C.旅游的四种路线的相关行程及注
意事项。
21. A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Reserve your spot before
availability 可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。
22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Knowledgeable guides will entertain
you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.可知，在这个活动中，你
可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。
23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手
电筒。故选D。
【点睛】本篇文章最容易出错的题是21 题，究其原因是不熟悉词汇reserve 的词义：预约。in advance 意为：提前。
因此，高考前熟悉词汇和短语是重中之重的事情。Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms —
disappear 在有效期和樱花消失前预约。
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2. 【2018·全国卷II，A】
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents/careers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be
available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised,
parents/careers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.
Activity
Description
Member of
staff
Cost
Outdoor
Adventure (OUT)
Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new
personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part
in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on
Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the
great outdoor environment.
Mr. Clemens
£140
WWI Battlefields
and Paris
(WBP)
On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London,
we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I
battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us
make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris
park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our
final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.
Mrs. Milson
£425
Crafty
Foxes
(CRF)
Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely
objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and
decorations...Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual
textiles.
Mrs. Goode
£30
Potty about
Potter
(POT)
Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in
an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on -Thames, guided tour of
Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxford’s
Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University
Parks, before heading back to Exeter.
Miss Drake
£150
21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?
A. OUT.
B. WBP.
C. CRF.
D. POT.
22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?
A. Travel to London.
B. See a parade and fireworks.
C. Tour central Paris.
D. Visit the WWI battlefields.
23. How long does Potty about Potter last?
A. Two days.
B. Four days.
C. Five days.
D. One week.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇广告布告类说明文。文中讲述了家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动。文中分别对这些
活动的名称，活动内容，活动特色和活动组织工作人员还有活动的价格进行了详细的描述。
21.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的go camping，我们可以迅速浏览到第一个活动当中的wild camping (野外
露营)这个关键信息。故选A。
22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的with Wilson，我们锁定在第二个活动；根据On Monday we travel to London.
After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields.可知，
星期一是去伦敦并在伦敦住一夜，第二天也就是星期二到法国北部参观一站战场。故选D 。
23.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的信息Potty about Potter last 我们从最后一种活动来寻找答案。关键信息
overnight 意为“一夜的逗留”。故这个活动是持续两天。故选A。
点睛：做广告布告类说明文题型时一定要先看题干，再从文中找答案。我们可以清楚的看到：这三道题是互相之间
没有联系的并且都是根据题干中的关键信息就可以锁定某一段落直接找答案的。
3. 【2018·全国卷III，A】
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25
minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major
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cities & airports.
Opening Times
Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm, 30th March-2nd November.
Admission Charges
Hall & Gardens
Gardens
Adults:
£12.00
£8.00
Groups:
£9.00
£5.50
Special Events
Producers’ Market
13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker Garden Festival
30th May
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most
popular events in gardening.
National Garden Day
28th August
Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our
garden guide.
Winter Market
8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music show and
nice street entertainment.
21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A.20 minutes.
B.25 minutes.
C.45 minutes.
D.90 minutes.
22.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Gardens?
A.£l2.00.
B. £9.00.
C. £8.00.
D. £5.50.
23.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A. Producers’ Market.
B. Holker Garden Festival.
C. National Garden Day.
D. Winter Market.
【文章大意】文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放
时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。
21.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段How to Get to Holker 中By car 里Approximate travel times 后面内容可知，从
Manchester 到Holker 要用1 hour and 30 minutes，即90 分钟，故选D。
22.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据Admission Charges 可知，团体中的一员去Hall & Gardens 需要支付9 英镑。故选
B。
23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Winter Market 中最后一句Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts
while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.可知，如果想去看现场表演需要去Winter Market。
故选D。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也
是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或
准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）
语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。
此题中的三题全为细节理解题。细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判
断，如第一题为转述型，1 hour and30 minutes，即90 分钟。第二题和第三题则为简单的一一对应型，只要找到信
息句即可得出答案。
4. 【2018·天津卷，A】
Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and
test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置) systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide
educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire
alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的) fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull
stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors
and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄) these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to
imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:
·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.
·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift.
·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
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Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to
do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in
damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detectors
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following
to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:
●If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking( 闪动), contact
residence hall staff immediately.
●Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
●If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.
36. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?
A. To provide part-time jobs for students.
B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.
37. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?
A. Pipes and smoke detectors.
B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.
D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.
38. In a fire drill, the students should ___________.
A. rush quickly to a lift
B. gather at the nearest exit
C. shut the door and leave at once
D. wait for instructions in the hall
39. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?
A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.
B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.
D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.
40. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________.
A. contact the hall staff regularly
B. cover the things that burn easily
C. start the smoke detector in a fire
D. make certain the red light is working
【答案】36. C
37. B
38. C
39. A
40. D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些
防火信息。
36.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水
灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器).可知，专职消防人员主要职责是检查、测试和维
护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。
37.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章Fire Alarms 中的句子Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems
consisting heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和
喷头组成。故选B。
38.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章Fire Drills 中的句子Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.
和Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从
最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。
39.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章Fire Extinguishers 中的句子Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.可知，
误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。
40.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章Smoke Detector 中的句子If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light
should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.可知，烟雾探测器是
否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D。
点睛：文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运
用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细
节的细微区别。如小题3 中C 选择项中leave at once 与文中的Exit immediately 表达的同一个意思；小题4 中考生要
理解文中fines（罚款）是A 选择项中punishment（惩罚）的一种，这些都考生需要比较它们之间的细微区别。
5. 【2018·江苏卷，A】
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The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028
211-535-7710 www.metmuseum.org
Entrances
Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street
Hours
Open 7 days a week.
Sunday-Thursday 10:00-17:30
Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00
Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, January 1, and the first
Monday in May.
Admission
$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊）on
the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.
Free with Admission
All special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and family/children's programs are
free with admission.
Ask about today's activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.
The Cloisters Museum and Gardens
The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of
Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious
objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.
Hours: Open 7 days a week.
March-October 10:00-17:15
November-February 10:00-16:45
Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.
56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?
A. $12.
B. $37.
C. $ 50.
D. $ 62
57. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that ________.
A. it opens all the year round
B. its collections date from the Middle Ages
C. it has a modern European-style garden
D. it sells excellent European glass collections
【文章大意】本文为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了The Metropolitan Museum of Art 的地理位置，开放时间，门票
收取，展出内容以及分馆The Cloisters Museum and Gardens 的相关情况。
56.C 【解析】数字计算题。根据admission 部分$25 recommended for adults，$12recommended for students，free for
children under 12 with an adult 可知11 岁的女孩和她父母去参观博物馆只需付两个成人的票价即25×2=50，
故答案为C。
57. B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章The Cloisters Museum and Gardens 部分the extensive collection consists of
masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th
century.可以得知，The Cloisters Museum and Gardens 的吸引人的地方在于它的中古时期的收藏品，故选B。
点睛：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是
归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准
确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案
与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转
述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词
语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与
题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，
才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三
正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。
这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，
找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。
本题中两题皆为细节理解题，其中第一题为语义理解题，根据文章中admission 部分的信息，通过计算很容易得出
答案。而第二题也属于语义理解题。根据最后一部分中the extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture,
colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.可以推出其收藏品主要是
中国时期的。
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6. 【2018·北京卷，B】
Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) Center
If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers
programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education,
medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or
a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can
earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟)
flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn
their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of
flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and
land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of ＂downed＂pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs
for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at www. oursac. com.
40. Why do people come to SAC?
A. To experience adventures.
B. To look for jobs in aviation.
C. To get a degree in engineering.
D. To learn more about medicine.
41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to
.
A. fly to space
B. get an Aviation badge first
C. study the principles of flight
D. build and fire model rockets
42. What is the most important for trainees?
A. Leadership.
B. Team spirit.
C. Task planning.
D. Survival skills.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航中心培训项目简介，命题时从读者的真实需求出发，着重考
查培训项目的相关内容和特点。激发考生的航天梦想，探险精神和团队合作精神。。
40.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center
(SAC) is the place to be. 可知，人们来SAC 是为了寻找与众不同的冒险体验，故选A。
41.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build
and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over
the world. 可知，要想获得太空探险徽章需要建造和发射火箭模型，学习空间任务，尝试与飞行员模拟太空
飞行等，故选D。
42.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of
leadership and being part of a bigger task. 可知，对于受训者来说，团队合作是关键，故团队精神是最重要的，
故选B。
点睛：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是
归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准
确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）
语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。
此题中的三题都是细节理解题。解题关键是首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判
断，此题的三小题均为一一对应型，只要找准信息句，一一对应即可得出答案。而第二小题也可以用排除法，如文
章第三段At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about
space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. 提到，要想获得太空探险徽章
需要建造和发射火箭模型，学习空间任务，尝试与飞行员模拟太空飞行等，选项ABC 都是歪曲事实，所以只有D 正
确。
三、2017 年高考真题
1. 【2017·全国卷I，A】
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or
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souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry?
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack
options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour Pacific
Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the
Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny
Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science,
math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based
science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and
one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit
pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A. In Building 1.
B. In Building 3.
C. At the Laser Dome.
D. At the Denny Way entrance.
22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A. Train science teachers.
B. Distribute science books.
C. Inspire scientific research.
D. Take science to the classroom.
23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A. To encourage donations.
B. To advertise coming events.
C. To introduce special exhibits.
D. To tell about the Center’s history.
【文章大意】本文主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science
Center 为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。
21. B
细节理解题。根据第一段中的The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.可知
Pacific Science Center 的购物点在Laser Dome 旁边的3 号楼的楼上。故选B。
22. D
细节理解题。根据第四段中的Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings
inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State 可知现在Pacific
Science Center 每年向130 多万人提供服务，并开始把科学教育带到教室。故选D。
23. A
目的意图题。根据文章最后一段中的Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific
Science Center.可知作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供帮助、做贡献。故选
A。
【名师点睛】
一般来说，解答细节理解题时都可采用＂寻读法＂。也就是说，考生不必通篇细看原文，而可以采取
＂带着问题找答案＂的方法，即先从问题中抓住关键性词语。这种关键性的词语可以被称为＂定位词＂，找出＂定
位词＂，然后以此为线索，快速地捕捉和理解事实或细节，恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题
相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
1. 应用文是阅读理解题中常见的一种体裁，特别是广告。广告简洁明快，语言精炼，篇幅小、信息多。广告类
阅读设题多为细节理解题。做这类阅读题的技巧是：先读题目，带着问题有针对性地阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效
信息。一般情况下，只要细心都会找到正确答案。
2. 说明文中的细节理解与应用文一样，说明文中的阅读理解也偏重考查细节，我们也可以采用＂先看题，然后
带着问题在材料中寻找对应信息＂的办法答题。
3. 记叙文中的细节理解以理解故事、人物描写为主。做这类题一般也可采用＂寻读法＂，即先读题，然后带着
问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关词语或句子进行分析对比，获取准确信息，找出正确
答案。
例如第21 题中根据题干中的关键词buy 定位到Store，也就是第一段的内容。然后再结合后文中的The store is
located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.就可以得出正确答案。
能在文中直接找到信息句子的细节题比较简单，一般设置在第一篇阅读里以减轻考生的紧张心理。所以考生要
抓住这一特点，灵活使用解题策略，达到快速、高效的目的。
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2. 【2017·全国卷II，A】
In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in
their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.
National Theatre of China
Beijing | Chinese
This great occasion(盛会)will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the
new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard Ⅲwill be directed by the National’s
Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.
Date & Time: Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30pm & 6.30pm
Marjanishvili Theatre
Tbilisi | Georgian
One of the most famous theatres in Georgia,the Marjanishvili,founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all
over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导) by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.
Date & Time: Friday 18 May, 2.30pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30pm
Deafinitely Theatre
London | British Sign Language(BSL)
By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre
creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by
performing to both groups as one audience.
Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May,7.30pm
Habima National Theatre
Tel Aviv | Hebrew
The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the
company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of
Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.
Date & Time: Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm
21. Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?
A. Richard Ⅲ.
B. Love’s Labour’s Lost.
C. As You Like It.
D. The Merchant of Venice.
22. What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?
A. It has two groups of actors.
B. It is the leading theatre in London.
C. It performs plays in BSL.
D. It is good at producing comedies.
23. When can you see a play in Hebrew?
A. On Saturday 28 April.
B. On Sunday 29 April.
C. On Tuesday 22 May.
D. On Tuesday 29 May.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了全球的艺术家将聚集到一起用他们自己的语言表演莎士比亚的戏剧
的相关内容。对于细节理解题主要是采用定位的方法,找到题干的关键词,并与原文的内容相对应,就可准确地选出答
案。
21. A【解析】考查细节理解。根据题干中的"the National Theatre of China"可将答案定位于National Theatre of
China 部分中的"Shakespeare’s Richard Ⅲ",故选A 项。
22. C【解析】考查推理判断。根据Deafinitely Theatre 部分中的"By translating the rich and humorous textof Love’s
Labour’s
Lost into thephysical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a newinterpretation of Shakespeare’s
comedy" 可知,Deafinitely
Theatre 的特别之处就是使用BSL 表演戏剧,创造出了一种对莎士比亚喜剧的新的诠
释。故选C 项。
23. D【解析】考查细节理解。根据题干中的"Hebrew"可将该题答案定位在最后一部分中。根据最后一部分
中
的"Date & Time: Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30 pm"可知,该题应选D 项。
3. 【2017·全国卷III，A】
San Francisco Fire Engine Tours
San Francisco Winery Tour
Running: February 1st through April 30th
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.
Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)
Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.
Duration(时长): 2 hours
Price: $90
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What’s inside?
Every month the magazine introduces a
fresh new topic with articles, experiments
and creative things to make — the magazine
also explores philosophy and wellbeing to
make sure young readers have a balanced take
on life.
Back to the Fifties Tour
Running: August 16th through August 31st
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as
we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:30 pm
Duration: 2 hours
Price: $90
Spooky Halloween Tour
Running: October 10th through October 31st
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our
entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Price: Available upon request
Holiday Lights Tour
Running: December 6th through December 23rd
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided
for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations required.
21. Which of the tours is available in March?
A. San Francisco Winery Tour.
B. Back to the Fifties Tour.
C. Spooky Hallowen Tour.
D. Holiday Lights Tour.
22. What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours?
A. Go to Treasure Island.
B. Enjoy the holiday scenes.
C. Have free ice cream.
D. Visit the Presidio district.
23. What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?
A. Take some drinks.
B. Set off early in the morning.
C. Wear warm clothes.
D. Make reservations in advance.
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线。
21. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一则广告中的＂Running: February 1st through April 30th＂可知，这个旅游活动是
从2 月份持续到4 月份。
22. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二则广告中的＂Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste
of ice cream＂可知，在活动中人们可以享受到免费的冰激凌。
23. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一个活动中的＂Advance reservations required＂可知，参加Holiday Lights Tour
需要人们提前预约。
4. 【2017·北京卷，B】
Inspiring young minds!
TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging
ideas and good fun to young fans every month.
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Sounds too good to be true?
Take a look online—evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and
recommend TOKNOW to their friends.
Happy Birthday All Year!
What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with
your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.
SUBSCRIBE NOW
□Annual Subscription
Europe £55
Rest of World £65
□Annual Subscription with Gift Pack
Includes a Mammoth Map, a Passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription
Europe £60
Rest of World £70
Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.
59. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine?
A. It entertains young parents.
B. It provides serious advertisements.
C. It publishes popular science fictions.
D. It combines fun with complex concepts.
60. What does TOKNOW offer its readers?
A. Online courses.
B. Articles on new topics.
C. Lectures on a balanced life.
D. Reports on scientific discoveries.
61. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?
A. £55.
B. £60.
C. £65.
D. £70.
62. Subscribers of TOKNOW would get
.
A. free birthday presents
B. full refund within 28 days
C. membership of the TOKNOW club
D. chances to meet the experts in person
【文章大意】文章介绍了一本杂志TOKNOW Magazine。
59.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一个方框内TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children 可
知TOKNOW 杂志让那些复杂的观点变得非常的有吸引力并且孩子们可以接受，有吸引力的东西肯定有趣，
故可知答案为D。
60.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个方框内Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles,
experiments and creative things to make 可知杂志每个月都会引入一个新观点，并配有文章、实验等，所以
答案为B。
61.D
【解析】数字计算题。根据Annual Subscription with Gift Pack 中的Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle
Booklet, and Subscription
Europe £60
Rest of World £70，中国属于Rest of World，故答案为D。
62.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一句话Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you
can get your money back.可知订阅可在28 天内取消，且全额退款，故答案为B。
5. 【2017·天津卷，A】
Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you
in trouble.
Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.
What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.
Clicking “send” too soon
Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and
send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.
Writing the wrong time
The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:
don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their
culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).
Clicking “reply all” unintentionally
You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner,
or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your
awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and
unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.
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Sending an offensive message to its subject
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone,
intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person
as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly — see it as an opportunity to clear up any
difficulties you may have with this person.
36. After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel ____________.
A. curious
B. tired
C. awful
D. funny
37. If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to ____________.
A. apologise in a serious manner
B. tell the receiver to ignore the error
C. learn to write the name correctly
D. send a short notice to everyone
38. What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email?
A. Try offering other choices.
B. Avoid further involvement.
C. Meet other staff members.
D. Make a light-hearted apology.
39. How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?
A. By promising not to offend the receiver again.
B. By seeking support from the receiver’s friends.
C. By asking the receiver to control his anger.
D. By talking to the receiver face to face.
40. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Defining email errors.
B. Reducing email mistakes.
C. Handling email accidents.
D. Improving email writing.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了因为失误而发错信息的补救方法。
36.C【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句You freeze in horror and burn with shame.可知选C。
37.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二个标题句Writing the wrong time 后面的内容Respond quickly and briefly,
apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended,
especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names). 可
知选A。
38.B
【解析】考查推理判断。根据In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down 可知
选B。
39.D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry
可知选D。
40.C 【解析】考查主旨大意。前三段内容通过问问题和说明情况，并介绍处理邮件问题的具体方法，由此可以判断
出本文主要讲的是处理邮件问题。故选C。
6. 【2017·江苏卷，A】
CHRONOLOGICA
——The Unbelievable Years that Defined History
DID YOU KNOW…
In 105 AD paper was invented in China?
When Columbus discovered the New World?
The British Museum opened in 1759?
CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to
the creation of the Internet. Along the way are tales of kings and queens, hot air
balloons…and monkeys in space.
Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a
Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years
and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record.
CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable
facts. While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander
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the Great, this book also gives an account of the
lives
of
lesser-known individuals including the explorer
Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.
This complete but brief historical collection is
certain to entertain readers young and old, and
guaranteed to present even the biggest history
lover with something new!
56. What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the next?
A. A biography.
B. A travel guide.
C. A history book.
D. A science fiction.
57. How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?
A. By giving details of its collection.
B. By introducing some of its contents.
C. By telling stories at the beginning.
D. By comparing it with other books. 【解析】文章大意：文章介绍了一本关于历史的书籍，这本书记录了不同时
代、世界各地的历史事件和史实。作者提到了很多书里面的内容来向读者推荐本书。
56. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的＂CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, ... this
book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals＂可知，CHRONOLOGICA 是一本有关历史的书
籍。
57. B【解析】细节理解题。作者在文中以提问的方式提到很多与历史有关的人物或事件，像＂from the foundation of
Rome to the creation of the Internet. ...tales of kings and queens, hot air balloons…and monkeys in space...why
being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100
years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record＂说明作者是在引用书中的内容。
7. 【2017·浙江卷，C】
FLORENCE, Italy — Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids
and the elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a
postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.
Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民)population by demanding
language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.
Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such
measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合).Others say it’s only natural that newcomers
learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.
Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The
governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.
In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of
this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with
immigrants’ children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.
Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence (居住权) would help her bring her two
children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that
the language requirement would encourage integration.
Italians always "see me as a foreigner," an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak
the local language fluently, she said.
28.Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?
A. To continue to stay in Italy.
B. To teach her children Italian.
C. To find a better job in Italy.
D. To better mix with the Italians.
29.Some people worry that the new language requirement may
.
A. reduce Italy’s population quickly
B. cause conflicts among people
C. lead to financial difficulties
D. put pressure on schools
30.What do we know about Cojochru?
A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.
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B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.
D. She wishes to go back to her home country.【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，首先叙述了一个叫Svetlana Cojochru
的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来人进行语
言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们Cojochru 的居住现状：工资水平很
低，而且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。
28. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的＂but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a
test…＂可知，Cojochru 是为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，故选A。
29. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的＂such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than
integration＂可知一些人担心对语言水平的要求可能会引起人与人之间的不包容，即冲突，故选B。
30. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的＂even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local
language fluently＂可知Cojochru 的意大利语已经说的得很流利了，故选C。
8. 【2017·北京卷，C】
Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United
States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a
growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have
been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very
high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called ＂herd immunity＂, which protects the
people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get
vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free
ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22
measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to
take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required
vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免）, sometimes just
by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to
limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good
enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the
risks.
63. The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trB. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D. information about measles spreads quickly
64. Herd immunity works well when ____________.
A. exemptions are allowed
B. several vaccines are used together
C. the whole neighborhood is involved in
D. new regulations are added to the state laws
65. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A. The overuse of vaccine.
B. The lack of medical care.
C. The features of measles itself.
D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
66. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce the idea of exemption.
B. To discuss methods to cure measles.
C. To stress the importance of vaccination.
D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
【文章大意】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会发生这样的情况。
63.A 【解析】文章第二段的首句既是对第一段的总结，又是第二段的中心句，由此可知答案为A。
64.C 【解析】根据第三段But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.可知只有所有人都参与了
才会有用，故选C。
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65.D
【解析】根据第一段But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and
misinformation that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对疫苗的人导致的麻疹的复发，故选D。
66.C 【解析】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注
射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，故选C。
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专题14
阅读理解人物故事类
一、2019 年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I，B】
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.
The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation
difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote
for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice
conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the
beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you
make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their
new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise
their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about
more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the
classroom not feeling confident.”
24. What made Chris nervous？
A. Telling a story.
B. Making a speech.
C. Taking a test.
D. Answering a question.
25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Improper pauses.
B. Bad manners.
C. Spelling mistakes.
D. Silly jokes.
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humorous.
B. Ambitious.
C. Caring.
D. Demanding.
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述Thomas Whaley 为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课
程。
24.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段today is speech day 和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes, he seems like the
kind of kids who would enjoy public speaking. 以及第二段第一句But he’s nervous.可知，Chris 眼睛黑亮，似乎
是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知Chris 是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。
25.A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段“I’m here to tell you today why you should…should…” Chris trips on the “-ld”,
a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. 以及后文except for some stumbles, Chris is doing
amazingly well 可知, Chris 发ld 比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说Chris
做得出奇的好。根据前文可知，ld 发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。
26.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in
public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.以及最后一段“boasting about yourself, and your best
qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”可知，这个
课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有信心的
学生来说很困难，故可知，Whaley 老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增加信心，故选A。
27.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign
project when
he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.和最后一段He
wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves 可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的时候，
想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humorous
幽默的，ambitious 有雄心壮志的；caring 关心的；demanding 要求高的。故选C。
2. 【2019·全国卷II，B】
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“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a
parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an
unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent
with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the
unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The
unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere
along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids
while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids
can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep
understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区)as you freely give
your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others
benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn't good at sports.
C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D. She's unable to meet her schedule.
25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean ?
A. Encourage team work.
B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds.
D. Provide advice.
26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A. She gets interested in lacrosse.
B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She’ll work for another season.
D. She becomes a good helper.
27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
A. It gives her a sense of duty.
B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard.
D. It brings her material rewards.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者
发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。
24.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if
nobody else volunteers，
then I will do it.可知，你可以当我是最后的候选人，如果没有其他的志愿者，那么我就做。由此可推断出，她
不想做自愿者。故选C。
25.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线前句she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话I mention the single parent
with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on ...可知，作者为
了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。
26.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable
member of the team 可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮手。故选D。
27.B 【解析】细节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四最两句Connecting to the community（社
区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.可
知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐，参加志愿者活动活动能让人感觉快乐。故选B。
4. 【2019·北京卷，B】
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she
was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth，
instead of destroying them.
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It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad
reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get
round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?" With
that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research
and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was
both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded
in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first
business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell
Moore's product-Cancandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the
candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean
mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her
company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their
smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky
could be the limit for Alice Moore.
34. How did Moore react to her dad's warning?
A. She argued with him.
B. She tried to find a way out.
C. She paid no attention.
D. She chose to consult dentists.
35. What is special about CanCandy?
A. It is beneficial to dental health.
B. It is free of sweeteners.
C. It is sweeter than other candies.
D. It is produced to a dentists' recipe.
36. What does Moore expect from her business?
A. To earn more money.
B. To help others find smiles.
C. To make herself stand out.
D. To beat other candy companies.
37. What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?
A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B. A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C. Positive thinking and action result in success.
D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Alice Moore，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我们：积极
的思考和行动会带来成功。
34.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the
warning, "Why can’t I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it? "及下文
她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy 的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路。故选
B。
35.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural
sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.可知，因此，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此
它对牙齿有利。故选A。
36.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.可知，
Moor 想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到他们的笑容。故选B。
37.C
【解析】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Moor 的创业故事，她之所以能成功源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观
的看待问题，积极的想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
故选C。
5. 【2019·天津卷，B】
I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books.
There was not one night that I don't remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the
elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say," I can't believe what's printed in the
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newspaper this morning," made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and
know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be
reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed
an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom
said," The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf," I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity,
and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the
road signs we passed.
Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make
A's on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts,
things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself
needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious
world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don't have to write down what happened or
what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We're taught to read because it's necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life.
Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.
41. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands？
A. She wanted mom to read the news to her.
B. She was anxious to know what had happened.
C. She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart.
D. She couldn't help but stop mom from reading.
42. According to Paragraph 3，the author's reading of road signs indicates___________
A. her unique way to locate herself
B. her eagerness to develop her reading ability
C. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules
D. her growing desire to know the world around her.
43. What was the author's view on factual reading？
A. It would help her update test-taking skills.
B. It would allow much room for free thinking.
C. It would provide true and objective information.
D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.
44. The author takes novel reading as a way to___________.
A. explore a fantasy land
B. develop a passion for leaning
C. learn about the adult community
D. get away from a confusing world
45. What could be the best title for the passage？
A. The Magic of Reading
B. The Pleasure of Reading
C. Growing Up with Reading
D. Reading Makes a Full Man
【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己的读书经历和感悟。
41.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段主题句I always wanted to know what my mom was reading.和Hearing mom say …
made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself 可知，作者一直想知道妈妈在读什么。作者抢过妈妈
读的报纸，因为作者自己迫切想看一看报纸上写的内容，故选B。
42. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything，可
以推断出，让妈妈开车开慢一点，他能够读出所有路标，正是作者在阅读方面的进步引起了他的好奇心，想
要了解周围的一切，故选D。
43.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual
reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A’s on my test.可知，小学和中学阶段的阅读都是事实性阅读，读书是
为了获取知识，考试得A。因此事实性阅读能够提供真实的客观的信息，故选C。
44. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and
mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone.( 打开一本小说，我可以
摆脱我的负担，进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界，我现在是一个新的角色。在这个世界上，我可以成为任何人。)
可知，阅读小说可以让作者避开复杂的现实而投入到小说中的世界中去，故选D。
45.C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据上下文可知，作者以时间顺序回忆了自己的阅读经历和感悟，伴着阅读成长，故
选项C 符合题意。
6. 【2019·江苏卷，D】
The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s(阿尔楚海默症). He was losing his
memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was
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his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was
young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
“Why do this?” Steve wondered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tears in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the
bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve
pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was still in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in rooms
with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and
then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for
the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve
heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day,
Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy
Flower”.
Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and
encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her
husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family
found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a
special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower”
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would
have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in
public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than
300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was
now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her
fingers. His heart.
65. Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music?
A. His music could stop his disease from worsening.
B. She wanted to please her dying old father.
C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
D. She wanted to make her father a professional.
66. After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.
A. refused to make a comment on it
B. was deeply impressed by his music
C. decided to free Steve from suffering
D. regretted offering help to her fri67. How can the process of Steve’s recording be described?
A. It was slow but productive.
B. It was beneficial to his health.
C. It was tiresome for Naomi.
D. It was vital for Naomi’s career.
68. Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______.
A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted
B. didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about
C. didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music
D. brought her husband’s music career to perfection
69. How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland？
A. He felt concerned about his illness.
B. He sensed a responsibility for music.
C. He regained his faith in music.
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D. He got into a state of quiet.
70. What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A. The Kindness of Friends
B. The Power of Music
C. The Making of a Musician
D. The Value of Determination
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的老人录制音乐的故事，其录制过
程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。
65.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Steve 的专业软件工程，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家里唯一的音乐
家，音乐是他真正热爱的东西，尽管没有在家以外的地方弹奏过钢琴。根据第三段Melissa, his daughter ,felt it
more than worthwhile to save his music.可知他的女儿Melissa 觉得保存他的音乐很有价值，故选C。
66.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第十段“it was beautiful,” Naomi said after listening to the recording. “ the music was
worth saving.”可知，听了录音之后Naomi 说很美，值得保存，故可以得出Naomi 对Steve 的音乐印象深刻，
故选B。
67.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第十二段He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He
struggled to explain what he heard in his head.以及第十三段Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats,
intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it, he just couldn’t play it.可知，
Steve 会笨拙地把手指放在钢琴上，然后Naomi 把手指放在他放的地方，并且Steve 努力解释脑海里的内容，
所有的这些，都是Naomi 在弹奏，而Steve 在听，故可知这个录制过程很慢。根据第十六段Naomi managed to
figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs.可知作品很多。故选A。
68.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第十六段Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t. 以及后文Steve 取得的成
就可知在完成Melancholy Flower 之前，他的妻子还没完全意识到丈夫的音乐的真正价值，故选C。
69.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
可知，他知道自己一生要选择的路，告诉家人他很平静，故可知，家乡的音乐会让他重新坚定了对音乐的信
念，故选D。
70.B 【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较
艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。B 项“音乐的力量”概括了全文内容，是最佳标
题。故选B。
7. 【2019·浙江卷，A】
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the
Internet.But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.
His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the
name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart-he earned one himself in a
war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.
Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman
flooded him with questions: "Who are you？What antique shop？" However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she
had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. "At that point,
I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "To drive eight hours to come to see me."
The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII,
was killed in action in Europe.
Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac’s
mother had found was a family treasure." This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions(场
合)would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands," Adeline says.
As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline says, "and
missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left." Corrado Piccoli’s Purple Heart medal now
hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.
Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrado’s medal, Zac says his
record is now 5 for 5.
21. Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself？
A. In the army.
B. In an antique shop.
C. From his mother.
D. From Adeline Rockko.
22. What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him？
A. She was very impolite.
B. She was serious about the medal.
C. She suspected his honesty.
D. She came from a wealthy family.
23. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A. Her parents’ advice.
B. Her knowledge of antiques.
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C. Her childhood dream.
D. Her memory of her brother.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。Zachariah Fike 有一个不同寻常的业余爱好：他在网上和古董店里寻找旧的军队
勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的合法主人。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的起源。
21.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war
as a soldier”可知，当Zac 还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚Purple Heart。故A 选项正确。
22.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To drive eight hours to come to see me”可以推知，Adeline 为了那枚Purple
Heart 开车八个小时来见Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。因此，At that point, I knew she meant business
应该指的是Zac 意识到Adeline 对这枚勋章是认真的。故B 选项正确。
23.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Corrado, a translator…was killed in action in Europe”和倒数第三段中的
“as I grew older…and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left ”这枚勋章
寄托了Adeline 对于去世的哥哥Corrado 的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她
很珍惜这枚勋章。故D 选项正确。
8. 【2019·浙江卷，B】
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month,
a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all
ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which
created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the
bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who
had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain
feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took
only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and
sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can
be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
25. What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A. Women tended to be more sociable.
B. The activity attracted various people.
C. Economic problems were getting worse.
D. Young couples needed financial assistance.
26. Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A. To do a test on people’s morals.
B. To raise money for his company.
C. To earn himself a good reputation.
D. To promote kindness and sympathy.
【语篇解读】上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你
所需要的”。这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。
24.C
【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段“But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills
attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉
矶的联合车站，一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。所以通过下
文的语境，判断出第1 段中的money with no strings attached 是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故B 选项正确。
25.B
【解析】推理判断题。由第二段““People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave
and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress
come up to the board and take a few dollars.”可知，发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说:“所有年龄、种族和社会经
济背景的人都会付出和索取。”甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。所以通过泰勒·布
里奇斯所说的，可以判断出，他提到新娘就是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。故B 选项正确。
26.D 【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only
goal was to show generosity and sympathy”可知，尽管这段视频看起来像是一项新的广告活动的一部分，但是
布里奇斯说这次活动唯一的目标是表现出慷慨和同情。所以布里奇斯实施这个活动是为了提倡仁慈和同情。
故D 选项正确。
二、2018 年高考真题
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1. 【2018·全国卷III，C】
While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV
tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take
the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture
Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win
this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the
Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original
creations.
The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the
complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and
fall of hills, forming a unique view.
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional
techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture
of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such
a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once
existed," he said.
"Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In
fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said.
"Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.
Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.
The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial
and empty, he said.
28. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.
A. following the latest world trB. getting international recognition
C. working harder than ever before
D. relying on foreign architects
29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?
A. Its hilly environment.
B. Its large size.
C. Its unique style.
D. Its diverse functions.
30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A. The mixture of different shapes.
B. The balance of East and West.
C. The use of popular techniques.
D. The harmony of old and new.
31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?
A. Spread them to the world.
B. Preserve them at museums.
C. Teach them in universities.
D. Recreate them in practice.
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔
奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。
28.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012 年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的
诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B 项正确。
29.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA 校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校
园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C 正确。
30.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995 年普利策奖的获得者Tadao Ando 的评语可知，王澍设计的成功
之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D 正确。
31.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been
developing and that are still being created 可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会
是人工的和空的，故D 正确。
2. 【2018·北京卷，A】
My First Marathon（马拉松）
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving
me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a
softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.
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The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running
was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my
own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but
ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I
wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course
walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock
sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that
the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂
marathon winner＂.
36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________.
A. was well trained
B. felt scared
C. made up his mind to run
D. lost hope
37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
D. To share a precious memory.
38. How was the author’s first marathon?
A. He made it.
B. He quit halfway.
C. He got the first prize.
D. He walked to the end.
39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support.
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C. Failure is the mother of success.
D. One is never too old to learn.
【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。
36.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Yet, I was determined to go ahead. 可知，马拉松赛前一个月
尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛。故选C。
37.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂可
知，作者提到7 年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。故选C。
38.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第10 段I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In
fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. 可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得
到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。
39.B 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determined to be myself,
move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂. 可知，
作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。
点睛：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是
归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准
确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）
语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。
此题中的前三题为细节理解题。细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判
断，如第一题为转述型，I was determined to go ahead 即made up his mind to run。第二题为语义理解题。根据文章
第二段的信息In my first P. E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. 可
知，作者没有运动天赋。而第三题则为转述型，根据信息句I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I
got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. 可知，作者跑完了马拉松，
正好与made it 意义相同。
3. 【2018·天津卷，B】
When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named
Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and
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I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I’ll recognize it, there was a picture in the
magazine. "
"Oh, stop. There it is!”
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.
"May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We’re fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long
time about a painting you weren’t that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱
窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room.
Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art
Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What’s this place?” I asked, still
confused. "Well, it’s our home." My heart jolted( 震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down
immediately! "
"There’s some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there." She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the
front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally
what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying
anything.
The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we
stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.
Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago,
thinking it was the McNay Museum? "
"Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone. "
"That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I
lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I’ve always
wanted to thank you."
41. What do we know about Marian McNay?
A. She was a painter.
B. She was a community leader.
C. She was a museum director.
D. She was a journalist.
42. Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?
A. She disliked people who were nosy.
B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.
C. She knew more about art than the man.
D. She mistook him for a tour guide.
43. How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?
A. Puzzled.
B. Concerned.
C. Frightened.
D. Delighted.
44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?
A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.
B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.
C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.
D. The event happening in the house was more significant.
45. What could we learn from the last paragraph?
A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.
B. People should spend more time with their family.
C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.
D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者和朋友原想参观McNay 博物馆，到了之后参观的时候，发现很多人
奇怪的看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成McNay 博物馆。30 年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的
作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。
41.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay,
once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.可知，Marian McNay 是一名水彩画家。故选A。
42.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段"May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got on
my nerves.可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选D。
43.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on
me with curiosity. What was their problem?（大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。他
们有什么问题？）可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选A。
44.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者着墨点主要在叙述参观误当成McNay 博物馆的私人住宅上，故这
才是文章的重心，所以将真正的McNay 博物馆叙述一带而过。故选D。
45.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.
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可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对
周围的美而不见。故选C。
【点睛】本文是叙事性的文章，文章有一定的趣味性，整体难度中等，考查主要以细节理解和推理判断两类题型。
推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及
作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推
理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题3 中考查作者被人盯着看的感受，我们需要找到文章中作者的措词nosy，
curiosity 和problem，可以推断出作者当时非常困惑不解的心理感受。
4. 【2018·浙江卷，A】
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels
for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally.
The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字）rate in England was under 50%. Many
works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most
part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved,
who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist
to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the
pantheon（名人堂）of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the
test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901;
today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted
audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s
also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent,
ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches,
it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了Charles Dickens 在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。在他
200 年诞辰之际，让我们永远记住这位对文学艺术做出重大贡献的小说家。
21.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered
printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字）rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction
appeared without the names of the authors... Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just
plain bad.印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可
言。故选C。
22.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.和列举的Charles Dickens 小说的影响可知，
把他和Mona Lisa 相比是为了说明Charles Dickens 在英国小说方面的重要性和Mona Lisa 在绘画方面的重要性
是一样的，故选D。
23.A
【解析】写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens 及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后But as
the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand
how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于Charles Dickens 诞辰200 周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是
为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。
三、2017 年高考真题
1. 【2017·全国卷I，B】
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to
help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply
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beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I
saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no
luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this
nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger
screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling
as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the
parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was
accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably
continue to do so.
24. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?
A. Efforts made in vain.
B. Getting injured in his work.
C. Feeling uncertain about his future.
D. Creatures forced out of their homes.
25. Why was the author called to Muttontown?
A. To rescue a woman.
B. To take care of a woman.
C. To look at a baby owl.
D. To cure a young owl.
26. What made the chick calm down?
A. A new nest.
B. Some food.
C. A recording.
D. Its parents.
27. How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?
A. It’s unexpected.
B. It’s beautiful.
C. It’s humorous.
D. It’s discouraging.
【文章大意】救助小动物并没有那么简单，因为你所做的救助行为到最后可能都成了无用功。但无论结果怎样，
救助小动物的这种行为是美好的。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的
故事。
24. A
推理判断题。根据第一段中的Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is
never certain.可知救助受伤的、流离失所的、生病的动物是令人心碎的，因为我们不知道救助的动物是否能
活下去，也就是说我们为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。
25. C
推理判断题。根据第二段中的She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to
3-week-old owl 可知有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有
说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D 选项错误。故选C。
26. A
细节理解题。根据第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down 可知在作者把小猫头鹰
放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。
27. B
观点态度题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母，小猫头鹰的父母还为
它带回了午餐，作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的However, when it works, it is simply
beautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。
2. 【2017·全国卷II，B】
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid,
introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul
— he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or
the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the
fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful
of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues
that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying
affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his
Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute
and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported
each other financially and by showing up at events.
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I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we
didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.
24. Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A. Paul Newman wanted it.
B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent.
C. He wasn’t famous enough.
D. The director recommended someone else.
25. Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A. They were of the same age.
B. They worked in the same theater.
C. They were both good actors.
D. They had similar characteristics.
26. What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Their belief.
B. Their care for children.
C. Their success.
D. Their support for each other.
27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show his love of films.
B. To remember a friend.
C. To introduce a new movie.
D. To share his acting experience.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul 的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同
的信念而保持着友谊。
24.C【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well
known as Paul — he stood up for me"可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul 一样著名
的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。该题选C 项。该题文中只是给出了一些琐碎的信息，需要考生根据这些
信息总结出两人拥有持久友谊的原因，这就要求考生具有一定的归纳推理能力。文中明确提到了作者与Paul
并不同龄，所以排除A 项;B 项文中并未提及；C 项不是两人拥有持久友谊的原因。
25. D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的"We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the
characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American
actors" 可
知，作者与Paul 之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故D 项符合题意。
26.A 【解析】考查代词指代。根据第三段中的"We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you
should put something back"可知，下文的内容是对the belief 的解释,that 引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief
的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A 项。该题要求考
生具有一定的句法分析能力，能从一个长难句中找出关键词，并根据上下文信息判断出代词的指代内容。而
B、C 项只是the belief 后的同位语从句中的部分内容，故排除；根据画线词后一句可排除D 项。
27.B 【解析】考查写作目的。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的"I first met Paul Newman in 1968"以及最后
一段中的"I last saw him a few months ago"可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B 项。
写作目的题是考查作者写这篇文章是为了什么，达到什么目的。对于记叙文而言，往往是开篇引出主题，
并以时间顺序叙述全文，最后进行总结。主旨大意题是考查文章讲什么，中心思想是什么。所以两者要有所
区分。A、C 和D 项都过于片面,故排除。
【名师点睛】
本文前三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。
如24 题中的A 项“Paul Newman wanted it.”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据“When the studio didn’t want me for the
film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul”可知制片人不想要我，说明A 项明显错误。
干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式：
1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的
观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。
2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造
成句意的改变。
3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设
置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
3. 【2017·全国卷III，B】
Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and
gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however,
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the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats
and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old,
most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed
Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie
theater is preparing to close down.
Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the
theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. ＂This used to be the center of town,＂he said. ＂Now the area is mostly
office buildings and warehouses.＂
Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public
meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land
to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.
The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had
shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.
24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?
A. It made room for new equipment.
B. It signaled the closedown of the theater.
C. It was done with the help of the audience.
D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.
25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?
A. It was an all-time classic.
B. It was about the history of the town.
C. The audience requested it.
D. The theater owner found it suitable.
26. What will probably happen to the building?
A. It will be repaired.
B. It will be turned into a museum.
C. It will be knocked down.
D. It will be sold to the city government.
27. What can we infer about the audience?
A. They are disappointed with Bradford.
B. They are sad to part with the old theater.
C. They are supportive of the city officials.
D. They are eager to have a shopping center.
【答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家具有75 年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而
被转售的故事。
24.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据首段的最后两句可知，这次散场后的清理工作与之前不同的是工人不仅清理走了垃
圾，而且还搬走了座椅和剧院的其他设备，因为剧院已经被转卖出去了。
25.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，剧院老板选择这部电影是因为这部电影本身讲述的就是小镇
上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，与Plaza Theater 的现状一样。
26.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段末句中的＂which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater
is located＂可以推断出这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个购物中心。
27.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的＂most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say
good-bye to the old building＂可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。
4. 【2017·北京卷，B】
It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for
their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little
as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a
month or so before.
Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,＂Paris’s eyes rolled back,＂Taylor says. ＂She started shaking. I knew it was an
emergency.＂
It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die.
At first,
no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, ＂Does anyone know CPR?＂
CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body
and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well
enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. ＂It was scary. I knew it was the
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difference between life and death,＂says Taylor.
Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse,
who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them:
Paris’s heartbeat returned.
＂I know I was really lucky,＂Paris says now. ＂Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.＂
Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step
in and do CPR quickly.
Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. ＂I feel more
confident in my actions now,＂Taylor says. ＂I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.＂
56. What happened to Paris on a March day?
A. She caught a bad cold.
B. She had a sudden heart problem.
C. She was knocked down by a ball.
D. She shivered terribly during practice.
57. Why does Paris say she was lucky?
A. She made a worthy friend.
B. She recovered from shock.
C. She received immediate CPR.
D. She came back on the softball team.
58. Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?
A. Enthusiastic and kind.
B. Courageous and calm.
C. Cooperative and generous.
D. Ambitious and professional.
【文章大意】讲述Taylor Bisbee 通过及时的CPR 挽救了一位学生的生命。
56.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.可知Paris 是突然
的心力衰竭，肯定是心脏问题，故答案为B。
57.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段＂Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.＂可知大多数人
都没有从这样的疾病中活过来，她的队友们给她进行及时的心脏复苏，以及一系列的救治，把她救了回来，
因此她觉得自己很幸运，故选C。
58.B 【解析】推理判断题。Taylor 根据自己所学的CPR 知识及时挽救了Paris 的生命，虽然当时有所犹豫，但是很
快地进行CPR 抢救，说明她很勇敢，很镇静，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那样陷入惊慌之中，故选B。
5. 【2017·天津卷，B】
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的)
view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take
the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of
my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I
grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have
asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess
with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And
now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its
own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in
my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom
wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……
永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate
beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a
thin square of glass.
41. What happened when the author was about to take a photo?
A. Her camera stopped working.
B. A woman blocked her view.
C. Someone asked her to leave.
D. A friend approached from behind.
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42. According to the author, the woman was probably___________.
A. enjoying herself
B. losing her patience
C. waiting for the sunset
D. thinking about her past
43. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?
A. The rich color of the landscape.
B. The perfect positioning of the camera.
C. The woman’s existence in the photo.
D. The soft sunlight that summer day.
44. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ____________.
A. the need to be close to nature
B. the importance of private space
C. the joy of the vacation in Italy
D. the shared passion for beauty
45. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _____________.
A. a particular life experience
B. the pleasure of traveling
C. the art of photography
D. a lost friendship
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次旅行的特殊经历带给作者的深思和感悟。
41.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from
behind, and planted herself right in front of my view 可知选B。
42.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子She seemed so content in her observation.可知选A。
43.C
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段的句子And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what
makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because
this woman is engaging with it.可知选C。
44.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第五段的句子This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that
woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.可知选D。
45.A
【解析】考查推理判断。最后两段内容是作者对这次特殊经历的感悟，所以这篇文章可以看做是作者对一次
特殊经历的深入思考。故选A。
【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置以推理题为主，细节题为辅。细节题一般就是文章出现的内容即
是答案，也有推理判断题，就是不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出来答案的，要通过故事中所陈述的
内容来推理判断。
6.【2017·浙江卷，A】
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he
did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair.
There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to
make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His
father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was
impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also
sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever
seen.
In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr.Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what
Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape( 风景)
painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave
him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having
been a poor student. But he later said, "Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night."
While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The
nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
21.What is the text mainly about?
A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.
B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.
C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.
D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
22.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A. The cat would be closely watched.
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B. The cat would get some medical care.
C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
23.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B. He provided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him how to make engravings.
24.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to
.
A. master the use of paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get to know other painters
D. make up his mind to be a painter
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjamin 在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。
21.C 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了美国绘画之父Benjamin 在成为一名画家之前的生活经历，并介绍了
Pennington 对Benjamin 在绘画道路上的一些帮助，故选C。
22.D 【解析】句意猜测题。根据第三段＂These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever
seen＂可知Benjamin 在剪完猫的毛做刷子之后，就很快有了真正的刷子，故选D。
23.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段＂Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings＂可知
Pennington 为了帮助Benjamin 培养绘画天赋，给他提供了一些绘画材料，故选B。
24.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段＂While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his
introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist＂可知：这两本书
帮助Benjamin 坚定了自己成为一名画家的决心，故选D。
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专题15 阅读理解社会生活、议论类
一、2019 年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷II，C】
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her
salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not
alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone
and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，
according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，
who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works
through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to
work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit
and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little
interaction( 交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for
self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt
awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the
table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit，whose company
provided the statistics for the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety
B. Eating habits.
C. Table manners.
D. Restaurant service.
29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A. To meet with her coworkers.
B. To catch up with her work.
C. To have some time on her own.
D. To collect data for her report.
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar.
B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar.
D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者
反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
28.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%
的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。
29.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.
Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel 一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时
间，故选C。
30.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with
whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知Mazoleny 喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那
里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对
方名字，故选D。
31.A 【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛
围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。
2. 【2019·全国卷III，B】
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
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"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative
officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired
fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on
Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance,
showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell
dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to
its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of
contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc
Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous
designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in
many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its
direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."
24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks.
B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion.
B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models.
D. They do business all over the world.
26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from
B. looking down on
C. working with
D. competing against
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最
终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。
24.B【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in
Chinese influences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约
的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。
25.A 【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell
dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its
movement . （中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费
者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill 说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。
26.D 【解析】词义猜测题。下文and beating them hands down in design and sales 说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由
此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs 的意思是Vera Wang、
Alexander Wang 和Jason Wu 正在与Galliano、Albaz 和Mare Jacobs 竞争。taking on 意思是“竞争”，故选D。
27.D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段china and its culture have long been an inspiration for western creations.以
及最后一段If you talk about fashion today , you are talking about China - its influences , its direction, its breathtaking
clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈
论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。），
结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故选D。
3. 【2019·天津卷，D】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against
debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by
heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people
discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who
fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they
have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
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Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then
become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are
everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change.
We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea
that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm ，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have
meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our
own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing
any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether
they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned
life's most valuable lesson.
51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
51.B
【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，
在53 岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也
是如此，故选B。
52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have
adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达
巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam 可知，停止学习，故选D。
53.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are
everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心
的人，故选C。
54. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段we learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We
learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is
eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，
有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会
使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。
55.A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是
为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。
6. 【2019·江苏卷，C】
Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine?
Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
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It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts,
as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has
made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This
belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector( 制造业) with negative
consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international
community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies
and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question,
however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable
things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have
improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am
not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes
without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the
technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". As a
result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the
result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a
world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital,
labour and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national
and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with
the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong
directions.
61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.
A. a lack of confidence in technology
B. a slow progress in technology
C. a conflict of public opinions
D. a waste of limited resources
62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.
A. take people's essential needs into account
B. make their programmes attractive to people
C. ensure that each child gets financial support
D. provide more affordable internet facilities
63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?
A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B. Believing that the world has become borderless.
C. Ignoring the power of economic development.
D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
64. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。
61.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段However, they have reak impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce
resources. 可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。
62.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells,
extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more
than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things
are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the
relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者
建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说
这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠
的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。
63.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that
the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a
"borderless world". 以及Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary
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regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今
通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于
跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选B。
64.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology)
revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday"
that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their
manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷
恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而忽略了制造业，从而对
经济造成不利影响，故可知传统的技术依然传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·全国I，C】
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a
lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their
own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world
had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became
more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and
the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,
all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are
increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general
rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often
spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the
Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of
speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers
left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the
United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance
of survival.
28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They developed very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns.
D. They were closely connected.
29. Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？
A. Complex.
B. Advanced.
C. Powerful.
D. Modern.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A. About 6,800
B. About 3,400
C. About 2,400
D. About 1,200
31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
28.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly
knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to
ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，
小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了
12000 种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。
29.C【解析】猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly
taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages 意为：强有力的语言。故
选C。
30.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number
(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
可知，目前世界上大约有6800 种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000 人的占一半即3400.故选B。
31.C 【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,
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but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时
代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选
点睛：长难句解读
In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory
education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to
disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
分析：and 连接两个并列句，前面的介词短语in. . .作时间状语，all 和前面的名词短语是同位语。
句意：在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的蔓延，尤其是过去几十年来，全球化
和更好的交流，这些都是导致许多语言消失的原因。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在不断地占据
统治地位。
2.【2018·全国卷II，B】
Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful
and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a
little more protein ( 蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in
antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into
vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in
vitamin C.
When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit
shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the
skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will
prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of
the freezer.
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve”
creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and
frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A. They contain protein.
B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste.
D. They are rich in antioxidants.
25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?
A. To make them smell better.
B. To keep their colour.
C. To speed up their ripening.
D. To improve their nutrition.
26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert.
B. A drink.
C. A container.
D. A machine.
27. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook.
B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper.
D. A travel brochure.
【文章大意】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文章主要介绍并比较了几种水果各自的营养价值和健康功效，并
列出了一些食用这些水果的方法。
24.C 【解析】细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious
who cares?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。
25.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them
turning brown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色
的。故选B。
26.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and
watching the ice cream come out below 可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到
冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出a juicer 就是一台机器。故选D。
27.B 【解析】文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们
可以用a juicer 为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A 项意为：生物教科书；B 项
意为：一本健康杂志；C 项意为：一篇研究论文；D 项意为：一本旅游手册。故选B。
3.【2018·全国卷II，C】
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published
Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains
a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8
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percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the
amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per
session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the
effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to
concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important
guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to
infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and
parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance
to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?
A. Children’s reading habits.
B. Quality of children’s books.
C. Children’s after-class activities.
D. Parent-child relationships.
29. Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"?
A. In paragraph 2.
B. In paragraph 3.
C. In paragraph 4.
D. In paragraph 5.
30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A. E-books are of poor quality.
B. It could be a waste of time.
C. It may harm children’s health.
D. E-readers are expensive.
31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?
A. Act as role models for them.
B. Ask then to write book reports.
C. Set up reading groups for them.
D. Talk with their reading class teachers.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童和青少年的阅读习惯的调查报告。报告表明，
儿童和青少年趣味阅读时间明显减少；父母会对孩子的阅读习惯产生一些积极影响。
28.A
【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲
述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A 项意为：孩子们的阅读
习惯；B 项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C 项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D 项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。
29.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8
percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知，很少
为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984 年的13 岁的8%和17 岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为
乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。
30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns
about increased screen time 可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，
也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。
31.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents
serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子
们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅
读的。故选A。
4.【2018·全国卷I，B】
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a
storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top
tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain
presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons,
Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I
pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody
can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "
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The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health,
which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In
tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team
transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning.
D. She has had a tight budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information.
D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef
D. Cooking Well for Less
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何
以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。
24.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the
sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role 可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。
25.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and
with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per
family a day.可知，Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt 的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5 英镑的每个
家庭准备食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达with the help of 和help。
26.C 【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of
health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food 节目是Save Money: Good Health 节目之后，给观众一些
建议：如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选C。
27.D
【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文
章中的prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜；how
to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5
英镑的每个家庭准备食谱；how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜；less
expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知D 正确。
点睛：本篇文章学生感到比较难的是26 题，很多学生不知道作者在说什么，不明白作者的意图，感到很茫然。根
据文章中的Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health,…可知作者是为读者介绍
了Save Money 这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息。
5.【2018`全国卷II，D】
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply
focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that
none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the
next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable
social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t
even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo
Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and
each big business deal begins with small talk,＂he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect
with others, not just communicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee
shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The
results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee
shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband, ＂
says Dunn. ＂But
interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with
others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good
manners,＂he says.
32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
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A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C. Absence of communication between strangers.
D. Impatience with slow service.
33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A. Showing good manners.
B. Relating to other people.
C. Focusing on a topic.
D. Making business deals.
34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
A. It improves family relationships.
B. It raises people’s confidence.
C. It matters as much as a formal talk.
D. It makes people feel good.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Conversation Counts
B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk
D. Uncomfortable Silence
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌
生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有
很多好处。
32.C
【解析】主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或
在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺
乏沟通。A 项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B 项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C 项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D 项
意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C 项。
33.B
【解析】推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci 来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“The
key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them”（成功闲聊的关键是
学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C 符合题意。A 项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B 项意为：
与他人有关的。C 项意为：专注于一个话题。D 项意为：做商业交易。故选B 项。
34.D
【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与
服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D 项符合题意。A 项意为：闲聊改善了家庭
关系。B 项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C 项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D 项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故
选D 项。
35.C
【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏
沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好
处。A 项意为：谈话很重要。B 项意为：闲聊的方法。C 项意为：闲聊的好处。D 项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C 项。
点睛：我们在做阅读理解时，尽量找出每段的主讲内容（可能是一句话或是一个短语），这样有利于整篇文章的把
握，有利于做文章大意题。如35 题，很显然本文讲的不是重要性也不是方法更不是沉默，所以ABD 都可以轻松排
除。
6.【2018·全国卷III，D】
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it
comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more
with less.
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because
of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay
for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the
money into her school fund(基金）(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).
For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train
ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own
theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy
would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available.
We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally,
completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little
experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. The more, the better.
B. Enough is enough.
C. More money, more worries.
D. Earn more and spend more.
33. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A. Saving up for her holiday
B. Raising money for a poor girl
C. Adding the money to her fund
D. Giving the money to a sick mother
34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?
A. To try out an idea
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B. To show a parent's love
C. To train his attention
D. To help him start a hobby
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Take It or Leave It
B. A Lesson from Kids
C. Live More with Less
D. The Pleasure of Giving
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。
32.A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句…I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more
with less 可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。
33.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we
promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她
同意卖玩具。故选C。
34.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both
of us.表明，跟Shepherd 玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。
35.C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子how to live more with less，而二三段是作者
的尝试，故C 作标题适合。
7.【2018·浙江卷，C】
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in
Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线）on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were
produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American
culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car
represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road
movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate
highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this
society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an
industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for
oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described
in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build
and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the
currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy.
B. Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply.
D. A farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous.
B. Doubtful.
C. Hopeful.
D. Tolerant.
【文章大意】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
28.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of
the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知现代美
国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger 就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。
用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。
29.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological
disaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难。故选B。
30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一段中的Friedman
points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.可见Friedman 虽然对未来担心，但抱
有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman 对未来是充满希望的，故选C。
8.【2018·天津卷，D】
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door?
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If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and
wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we
are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple,
although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks
awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going
to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and
they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted
they’d felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who
spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no
longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.
The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were
headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a
bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They
seemed bent on their destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the
sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.
51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ____________.
A. anxious to do wonders
B. sensitive to others’ feelings
C. likely to develop unpleasant habits
D. eager to explore the world around them
52. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.
B. To stop complaining all the time.
C. To follow the teacher’s advice.
D. To admit mistakes honestly.
53. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they __________.
A. are very patient in their observation
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care only about the names of birds
D. question the accuracy of the field guides
54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?
A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.
B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time.
C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
55. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.
A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world
B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C. open our mind to new things and ideas
D. try our best to protect nature
【文章大意】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢
脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。
51.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.可知，与
成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选D。
52.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时
候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观
念：避免过早下结论。故选A。
53.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have
with naming things.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故选C。
54.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with
just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s
around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。
55.A 【解析】推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我
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们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。
【点睛】本文是一篇散文阅读。整个文章行文自由，不拘一格，对考生来说阅读有一定的难度。但我们只需要抓住
贯穿全文的主线：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，就不难理解全文大意了。文章多考查细节理解题和推
理判断题，考生需要根据文中事实和线索作出判断和推理。
9.【2018·北京卷，D】
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the
real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April
for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out
self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way
here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will
be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation
systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also
should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions( 排放) and offer more
convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are
environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults
own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they
can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an
appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to
pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take
public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with
electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of
transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty
appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services,
considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless
car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend
the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement
presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more
affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
A. Safety.
B. Side effects.
C. Affordability.
D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed.
B. Replaced.
C. Shared.
D. Reduced.
50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic.
【文章大意】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。
47.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless
cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut
emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. 可知，政策制定者应该讨论无人驾驶车怎么帮
助削减交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择，由此可见人们应该多关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助
处理与交通有关的问题。故选A。
48.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our
transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. 可知，不
管花多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不管是好是坏，这取决于如何这种转变如何
被规范，再根据文章最后一句话The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 可知，我们需要为其做好计
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划，故作者的主要关注点是对这种转变的管理规范，故选D。
49.A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by
ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护
问题). 可知，鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词
是“被应用”的意思。A. Employed 被应用；B. Replaced 被取代；C. Shared 被分享；D. Reduced 被减少。故选A。
50.B
【解析】观点态度题。根据文章最后一段The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and
states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is
coming. We just have to plan for it. 中的advancement，move more people, and more affordably. 以及plan for it 可推
知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。
点睛：根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。
所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察
作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全
文。
10.【2018·江苏卷，C】
If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to
beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting
directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统）,
small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC,
美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are
transforming the industry.
For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer,
Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to
harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by
hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out,
small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better
price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.
The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes
to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors. developers, and established large
farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers.
From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.
Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to
citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于）
farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear
the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food.
There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't
clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland
conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and
ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must
take a stand with young farmers.
61. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce
.
A. the progress made in car industry
B. a special feature of agriculture
C. a trend of development in agriculture
D. the importance of investing in car industry
62. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?
A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary.
B. Technology is vital for agricultural development.
C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce
D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.
63. What is the difficulty for those new famers?
A. To gain more financial aid.
B. To hire good farm managers.
C. To have fans of their own.
D. To win old farmers’ support.
64. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?
A. Seek support beyond NYFC.
B. Expand farmland conservation.
C. Become members of NYFC.
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D. Invest more to improve technology.
【文章大意】文章主要阐述了美国的小农场主所持有的优势，同时也分析了目前美国农业所面临的问题，比如
美国农业目前很多人不愿意卖地，且60 岁以上的农民数目远远高出年轻农民。
61.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段If you want to disturb the car industry，you'd better have a few billion dollars:
Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.But in agriculture，small farmers can get the best
of the major players.提到汽车行业，小型汽车制造商不太可能打败最大的汽车公司。然而农业就不一样了，小农场也
能成为主导可知，作者开篇提到汽车行业，目的是引起下文，说明了农业特色，故选B 项。
62.D 【解析】推理判断题。文章第二段是通过事例来证明第一段“…small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big
guys.”小农场也可能会超过大型农场可知，小农场也可能比大农场先占领先机，故选D 项。
63.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes
owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers.” 来自投资者、开发商和老牌大农场主的竞争使得许多新农
民无法拥有自己的土地可知，对于新型的农民来说要拥有自己的土地，即自己的农场还是困难重重的，故选C 项。
64.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland
conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and
ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must
take a stand with young farmers.”可知，除了在敦促国会增加耕地保护的同时，在推动移民改革的同时，在寻求确保
不同背景、雄心勃勃的下一代农民成功的政策时，农民应该为一个更可持续、更公平的农业经济寻求更多的支持，
故选A 项。
三、2017 年高考真题
1. 【2017·全国卷I，C】
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual
International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a
day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has
failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the
audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
＂Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,＂Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal
Conan. ＂What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is
not black and white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.＂
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.
＂The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the
world works is not the same,＂says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, ＂just to kind of put it back
in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music, ＂
says Moran.
＂For me, it’s the
recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to
talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions
and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,＂says Moran, ＂so I want to continue
those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.＂
28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A. To remember the birth of jazz.
B. To protect cultural diversity.
C. To encourage people to study music.
D. To recognize the value of jazz.
29. What does the underlined word ＂that＂in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Jazz becoming more accessible.
B. The production of jazz growing faster.
C. Jazz being less popular with the young.
D. The jazz audience becoming larger.
30. What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually.
B. It remains black and white.
C. It should keep up with the times.
D. It changes every 50 years.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Exploring the Future of Jazz
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B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz
C. The Story of a Jazz Musician
D. Celebrating the Jazz Day
【文章大意】为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，UNESCO 把4 月30 日定为国际爵士日，然而这一行为还是没
能挽救爵士乐。Jason Moran 认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人连接起来，爵士乐也应该不断进步。
28. D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice
across cultures.可知UNESCO 把4 月30 日定为国际爵士日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要性以及它作为
连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。故选D。
29. C
【解析】推理判断题。根据前文Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink
and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations 可知尽管UNESCO 为爵士乐设了纪念日，
但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It’s Jason Moran’s job
to help change that(Jason Moran 的工作帮助改变了那一情况)可推测that 指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去
吸引力的现象。故选C。
30. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to
continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same 可知Moran 认为现在爵士乐不能以1908 或1958 年
的方式来呈现，因为世界已经不同了，所以爵士乐必须不断进步，说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不
会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C。
31. A
【解析】标题选择题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO 为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日，但实际
收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则它将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索爵士乐
的未来，故选A。
2. 【2017·全国卷III，B】
Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and
gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however,
the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats
and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old,
most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed
Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie
theater is preparing to close down.
Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the
theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. ＂This used to be the center of town,＂he said. ＂Now the area is mostly
office buildings and warehouses.＂
Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public
meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land
to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.
The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had
shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.
24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?
A. It made room for new equipment.
B. It signaled the closedown of the theater.
C. It was done with the help of the audience.
D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.
25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?
A. It was an all-time classic.
B. It was about the history of the town.
C. The audience requested it.
D. The theater owner found it suitable.
26. What will probably happen to the building?
A. It will be repaired.
B. It will be turned into a museum.
C. It will be knocked down.
D. It will be sold to the city government.
27. What can we infer about the audience?
A. They are disappointed with Bradford.
B. They are sad to part with the old theater.
C. They are supportive of the city officials.
D. They are eager to have a shopping center.
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【文章大意】这是一篇社会生活类文章，讲述了一家具有75 年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的
竞争而被转售的故事。
24.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据首段的最后两句可知，这次散场后的清理工作与之前不同的是工人不仅清理走了垃
圾，而且还搬走了座椅和剧院的其他设备，因为剧院已经被转卖出去了。
25.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，剧院老板选择这部电影是因为这部电影本身讲述的就是小镇
上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，与Plaza Theater 的现状一样。
26.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段末句中的＂which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater
is located＂可以推断出这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个购物中心。
27.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的＂most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say
good-bye to the old building＂可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。
3. 【2017·江苏卷，C】
A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断) regulators to step
in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being
raised by the giants( 巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon,
Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.
Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success
has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high
prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of
new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.
But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the
nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently
it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other
companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a "God’s eye view" of activities
in their own markets and beyond.
This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small
ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required — and as
a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.
The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a
merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into
account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a
signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born
company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.
The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those
who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money
they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent.
Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don’t want a data economy controlled
by a few giants, they must act soon.
61. Why is there a call to break up giants?
A. They have controlled the data market.
B. They collect enormous private data.
C. They no longer provide free services.
D. They dismissed some new-born giants.
62. What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?
A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive.
B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms.
C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position.
D. Data can be turned into new services or products.
63. By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could
.
A. kill a new threat
B. avoid the size trap
C. favour bigger firms
D. charge higher prices
64. What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?
A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.
B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.
C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.
D. Small companies could get more opportunities.
【文章大意】文章大意：本文主要讲的是信息时代的信息数据的垄断现象。一些科技巨头Google, Amazon,
Facebook, Microsoft 等对数据的垄断引来了有关部门的反垄断调查。
61.A【解析】第二段＂Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up.＂中的such 指代上文介绍的
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公司现状，根据第一段中的＂urging antitrust（反垄断）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow＂可知，
督促反垄断管理者介入来调查控制数据市场的大公司。
62.C 【解析】根据第三段中的＂Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a ＂God’s
eye view＂of activities in their own markets and beyond.＂可知，互联网公司对数据的掌控使得它们拥有了很大的权
力，说明数据会加强大公司的统治地位。
63.B【解析】根据倒数第三段＂The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st
century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in.
They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals.＂可知，在
考虑公司数据资产的基础上，反垄断监管机构会避免陷于规模陷阱。
64.D【解析】根据倒数第二段Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money
they make from it. Governments... with
users’ consent.＂可知，由于大公司垄断数据信息，不利于小公司更好地服务
消费者，也不利于政府开展工作。弱化这种垄断将会给小公司带去更多的发展机会。
4. 【2017·天津卷，C】
This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous
vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes
where lives might be lost.
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between
semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never
distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel
— to check email, say — the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.
“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on
an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.
Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The
liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.
An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful
and monitoring the road” at every moment.
But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’,
people expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know — no driver.”
Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without
human operation.
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford
University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being
launched.
That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and
treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.
46. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A place where cars often break down.
B. A case where passing a law is impossible.
C. An area where no driving is permitted.
D. A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.
47. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to _____________.
A. stop people from breaking traffic rules
B. help promote fully automatic driving
C. protect drivers of all ages and races
D. prevent serious property damage
48. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?
A. It should get the attention of insurance companies.
B. It should be the main concern of law makers.
C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.
D. It should involve no human responsibility.
49. Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in ____________.
A. Singapore
B. the UK
C. the US
D. Germany
50. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?
B. Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough
C. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!
D. Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents
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【语篇解读】文章介绍了德国交通部长对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的
无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。
46.D 【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第二段的句子the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that
could delay the driverless future 可知选D。
47.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段内容The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of
autonomous vehicles…可知选B。
48.D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六、七、八段内容可知选D。
49.C【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government
would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.可知选C。
50.A【解析】考查标题归纳。通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选A。
5. 【2017·天津卷，D】
I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what
does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.
The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up
the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes
fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water
runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged
noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three
minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.” I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures
strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.
Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the
most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily
mean that it will happen.
Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the
surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who
are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.
We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill
while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re
probably just as busy as the next guy.
51. While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to __________.
A. keep ourselves busy
B. get absent-minded
C. grow anxious
D. stay focused
52. What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?
A. The Forced Wait requires some self-control.
B. The Forced Wait makes people passive.
C. The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.
D. The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.
53. What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?
A. It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.
B. It doesn’t always bring the desired result.
C. It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.
D. It doesn’t give people faith and hope.
54. What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?
A. Take it seriously.
B. Don’t rely on others.
C. Do something else.
D. Don’t lose heart.
55. The author supports his view by __________.
A. exploring various causes of “waits”
B. describing detailed processes of “waits”
C. analyzing different categories of “waits”
D. revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过介绍三种不同种类的等待来论述我们花费大量的时间来等待，而
且作者陈述了自己的观点，即充满希望和信念地等待。
51.B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段的句子During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders
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about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless
and mindless. 可知选B。
52.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段内容，尤其是This one requires a bit of discipline. 及After all, Forced Waiting
requires patience. 可知选A。
53.B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段的句子Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky
break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.可知选B。
54.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段第二句可以判断出下次当我们等待的时候作者建议我们不要灰心、绝望。
故选D。
55.C【解析】考查推理判断。通读全文可以知道，作者在二、三、四段列举了三种类型的等待，所以判断出作者是
通过分析不同种类的等待来支持自己的观点的。故选C。
【名师点睛】这篇文章的内容非常贴近生活实际，篇幅适中，要求学生快速阅读材料，在掌握文章大意的前提下答
题。设题以细节题为主，还要求学生结合文章作出推理判断。这篇文章的最后一题就是推理判断题。学生根据文章
中第二、三、四段的首句，即主题句就可以正确理解，因此不难得出答案。
6. 【2017·浙江卷，C】
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National
Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up
early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15%
said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a
day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep
Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the
surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities( 机会)to stay awake, with more
homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.
She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other
experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’
bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes
later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.
Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits.
B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.
D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.
26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?
A.7 hours.
B.8 hours.
C.10 hours.
D.18 hours.
27.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents’ examples.
D. They don’t need to go to school early.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，首先用数据告诉我们美国孩子的睡眠状况堪忧，接着告诉我们孩子在不同年龄
段需要的睡眠时间不同，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介绍了一些学校为了让孩子们有更多的睡眠时间而推迟
了上课的时间。
25. A 【解析】细节理解题。文中第一段列举了一些数据，向我们说明美国有51%的10 到18 岁的孩子上床睡觉的
时间偏晚，也调查了60%的7 到12 岁的孩子在白天感到疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查都是关于美
国孩子的睡眠习惯的，故选A。
26. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段＂For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal＂可知11 岁正在上学的小孩
子的理想睡眠时间是10 个小时，故选C。
27. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段＂She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for
them to calm down and sleep＂可知她认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动，故选B。
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专题16
阅读理解说明类
一、2019 年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I，C】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric( 生物测
量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still
expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:
a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers
apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing
and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's
identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether
someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and
everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the
smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,
with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is
mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys.
B. To improve accuracy in typing
C. To replace the password system.
D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.
A. It'll be environment-friendly.
B. It'll reach consumers soon.
C. It'll be made of plastics.
D. It'll help speed up typing.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary.
B. A guidebook
C. A novel.
D. A magazine.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。
本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space 用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。
28.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.和第二段的
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart
key board.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space 保护的成本。故选D。
29.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的The key board could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the
force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus，the keyboard can
determine people’s identities 可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。
30.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.可知，研究者们希
望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。
31.D
【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space 用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是
关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选D。
2. 【2019·全国卷I，D】
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my
high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They
rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I
soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the
popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen
schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were
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highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage( 从事)in
dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most
liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become
more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while
likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness,
openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive
life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new
kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A. Unkind.
B. Lonely.
C. Generous.
D. Cool.
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有
益影响。
32.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,
which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高
高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind 不友善的；lonely 寂寞的；generous
慷慨的；cool 冷静的，故选C。
33.A【解析】主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:
the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein 将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的
人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的
分类，故选A。
34.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清楚
地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein 的研究表明，最有人望的孩子适应性
更强，故选B。
35.A 【解析】主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生
活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好——最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选A。
4. 【2019·全国卷II，D】
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on
surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA
overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on
NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High
School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s
students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We
don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you
working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to
NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at time. It’s a hard business
review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are
so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are
emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
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A. They are hard to get rid of.
B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear different forms.
D. They damage the instruments.
33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D. To link space technology with school education
34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A. Check their product.
B. Guide project designs
C. Adjust work schedules.
D. Grade their homework.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts.
B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.
D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。本文介绍了HUNCH 项目就是通过Gordon 的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这
一技术，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，从而最终影响到大学入学。
32.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bacteria are annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms form our
bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each
week.”可知，细菌对宇航员来说是个令人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地
生长，宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉。其中的“the microorganisms”包括“bacteria”。
由此可知，A 项符合题意。
33.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“HUNCH
is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.
Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,...”可知，Hunch 旨在把高中教室和NASA 的工
程师联系起来。Gordon 的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌, ...”。结合最后一段中的“Gordon students are
emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,...”可知，学生每天都给NASA 的工程师发邮件一起探讨（如何
杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）这个问题。由此可推断出HUNCH program 的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。
分析选项可知D 项符合题意。
34.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year ,present it to
NASA, ”“Engineers come and really do an in-person review，and ...It’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business
review of your product.”可知，NASA 的工程师要检查学生所做的产品。分析选项可知A 项符合题意，故选A。
35.B
主旨大意题。文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径—— 借助美国国家航
空航天局的HUNCH 高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。在这项计划里，学生们通过homework
（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题。
故选B。
3. 【2019·全国卷III，C】
Before the 1830smost newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today
$8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly,
newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them
that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the
1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant
any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the
street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers
before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were
almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first
the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known
papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers
that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were
immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change
the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
28. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?
A. Academic.
B. Unattractive.
C. Inexpensive.
D. Confidential.
29. What did street sales mean to newspapers?
A. They would be priced higher.
B. They would disappear from cities.
C. They could have more readers.
D. They could regain public trust.
30. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?
A. Local politicians.
B. Common people.
C. Young publishers.
D. Rich businessmen.
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31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?
A. It was a difficult process.
B. It was a temporary success.
C. It was a robbery of the poor.
D. It was a disaster for printers.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章叙述了“便士报纸”的诞生历史。
28.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Before1830s，... Accordingly newspapers were read almost only by rich people.
In addition ,most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to mass audience. They were dull and visually
forbidding.”可知，在19 世纪30 年代之前,只有富人才能读报纸，而且大多数报纸中几乎没有能吸引大众的内容，让
人感觉无聊，，视觉上令人望而却步。由此可得出那时的报纸没有什么吸引力。分析选项，A . Academic 学术的；B.
Unattractive 没有吸引力，无魅力的；C. Inexpensive 廉价的，不贵的；D. Confidential 机密的，保密的。可知A、
C 和D 是错误的，只有B 符合题意，故选B。
29.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以买的到报纸。
结合第三段中间的“streets sales of newspapers would be commonplaced in eastern cities”可知，报纸的街头销售随处可
见。由此可推断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多了。分析选项可知C 符合题，故选C。
30.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The trend, then, was ‘penny paper’—a term referring to papers made widely
available to the public. perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.”可
知，这种“便士报纸”针对大众的，在街上可以买的到报纸。分析选项可知，选项B 符合题意，故选B。
31.A 【解析】推理判断题。第二段“The trend, then, was ‘penny paper’”及最后一段“The new trend of newspapers for ‘the
man on the street’ did not begin well. Some of the early ventures were immediately failures. Publishers already in business,
people who owners of successful papers, had little desires to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring
businessmen to get the ball rolling.”可知，“便士报纸”新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了。已经进入商
业领域的成功的出版商，并不想改变这一传统。后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。由此可推断出“便士报
纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。分析选项可知，A 项符合题意，故选A。
5. 【2019·全国卷III，D】
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers
and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys
combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In
their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the
other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the
other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops
of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half
the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to
underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for
example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys
always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分)of the smaller number to it.
"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this
experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?
A. They fed them.
B. They named them.
C. They trained them.
D. They measured them.
33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A. By drawing a circle.
B. By touching a screen.
C. By watching videos.
D. By mixing two drinks.
34. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?
A. They could perform basic addition.
B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily.
D. They could hold their attention for long.
35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Entertainment.
B. Health.
C. Education.
D. Science.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。文章对研究的经过和结论做了介绍
和分析。
32.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys…The researches then
tested how…”可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究者们对它们进行了培训。故C 选项正确。
33.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screen…If the monkeys
touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops…; if they went for the circle, they would be
rewarded with…”可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会得到7 滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们触摸屏幕的另一端（即
画着圆圈的部分）时，它们会得到17 滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的。B 选项正确。
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34.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“The monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating
that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination”和第五段中的“When adding
two numbers…”可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值，这意味着它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每一
个组合的值。由此可知，A 选项正确：猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。由此亦可以排除C 选项。
35.D 【解析】推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家Margaret Livingstone 领导的一
个研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果。这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”板块。故D 选
项正确。
6. 【2019·北京卷，C】
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know.
By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by
supporting and developing a group of tools ，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.
Unfortunately，it's too little，too late. By the time these “solutions"(解决方案)become widely available，scammers will have
moved onto cleverer means. In the near future，it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in
doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理) and automation technologies that are about
to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology
able to produce such a convincing human –sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation
without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are
a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal information has led
to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother 's name ，and far more. Armed with
this
knowledge. they're
able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means. for example，that a scammer could call you
from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller 's，ricking
you into "confirming " your address，mother's name，and card number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the
worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice
manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together
to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark
videos and images, showing when and who they were made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards
data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.
38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robecalls?
A. Panicked.
B. Confused.
C. Embarrassed.
D. Disappointed.
39. taking advantage of the new technologies，scammer can______.
A. aim at victims precisely
B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly
D. spread
information widely
40. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edited.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Roboealls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。语音操作和自动
化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。
38. D
【解析】观点态度题。根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and
developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too
little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto clever means”可知，
最后，我们通过支持和开发一组旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，
我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，
作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D 选项正确。
39.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than
precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your
mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat
people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you
using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and
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card number”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息
泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有
针对性的运动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故A 选
项正确。
40.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，
它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可
以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好
的作用，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B 选项正确。
41.C 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得
会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二
段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发
展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中
心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C 选项适合作标题。
7. 【2019·北京卷，D】
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，
according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物)called phytoplankton. Because of the way
light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from
green to blue ，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of
phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off
oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the
global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the
ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects
changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour
of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.
But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas
will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said ，“but the type of
phytoplankton is changing. ”
42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
43. What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive.
B. Beneficial
C. Significant
D. Unnoticeable
44. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
45. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是
因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮
游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。
42. B
【解析】段落大意题。第一段“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener
thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果
不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段“At the heart phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms
called phytoplankton. Becaust of the way light reflects off the organisms ,these phytoplanktons create colourful patterns at
the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可知，这种现象的核心
是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到
蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。
分析选项可知B 符合题意，故选B。
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43. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton
growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主
要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s wamning trend”可知，
浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。可知A 项正确。
44. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“The model projects that currently blue areas with little
phytoplankton could
become even bluer. But in some waters ,such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton,
and these areas will turn greener”,可知Dutkiewicz 的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。
但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，
浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项可知D 项符合题意。
45. C【解析】目的意图题。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer
and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，
如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s
warning trendWarming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, …”可知，“浮游植物
很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候
变化对海洋的影响。故选C。
8. 【2019·天津卷，C】
How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why
are there so many flies and so few wolves？To find an answer，scientists have built mathematical models of food webs，
noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs，for instance，
consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single
prey（猎物），the two species are strongly linked；when a predator lives on various species，they are weakly linked. Food
webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can
eat several species，it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that
is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare，the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus
keep species from driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable，where small changes of top predators can
lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s，scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had
a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean，we
fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale，while on land，we killed off large predators such as wolves. These
actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally，the system would tell us when to
adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back
from the borderline. Prevention is key，scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点），it is
remarkably difficult for them to return.
46. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？
A. The living habits of species in food webs.
B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
47. A strong link is found between two species when a predator______
A. has a wide food choice
B. can easily find new prey
C. sticks to one prey species
D. can quickly move to another place
48. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？
A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
49. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？
A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
50. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？
A. By getting illegal practices under control.
B. By stopping us from killing large predators.
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C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键
原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，
这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。
46.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的With such models, scientists have found out some key principles
operating in
food webs.可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。
47. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single
prey(猎物)，
the two species are strongly linked 可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。
48. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had, a
surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species they did not directly attack 可知，处于食物网顶
端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动
物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。
49.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段的Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing
an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline 可知，人类过度的
活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。
50. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.
Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would
even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助
我们维持生态平衡。故选D。
9. 【2019·江苏卷，B】
In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled
about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a
long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.
But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are
created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised
to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.
Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there
are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second les
known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a
single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen
couldn't find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A
thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice
blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the
caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles
across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown
up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？
A. Its complicated geographical features.
B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C. The mysterious history of the park.
D. The exact location of the volcano.
59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The shapes of volcanoes.
B. The impacts of volcanoes.
C. The activities of volcanoes.
D. The heights of volcanoes.
60. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean？
A. Hot-air balloon.
B. Digital camera.
C. Big photograph.
D. Bird's view.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen 在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地
发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是
一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。
58.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.可知，
他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选D。
59.A 【解析】主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，
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还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。
60.C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by
taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the
assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试
一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部
门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。
10. 【2019·浙江卷，C】
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change
seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of
California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra
Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by
more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.
Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California
forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010,
Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from
woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured
out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much
they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融
雪).
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures,
which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees
during the dry season.
27. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
【语篇解读】本文为说明文，根据一项研究表明，自20 世纪30 年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，气候
变化似乎是其主要因素。
27.A
主旨大意题。在第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，
故选A。
28. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small
trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.可知，野火控制在控制了森林大火的同时，使得加利福尼亚的
森林里挤满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源，这对大树产生了不利的影响，故选D。
29.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising
temperatures, …, and earlier snowmelt, …可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温的上升，以及较早的融雪，故
选C。
30.A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20 世纪30 年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，文章分析了引起
该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A 符合题意。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·全国卷I，D】
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We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a
new study shows that we keep using our old devices ( 装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the
environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the
same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of
Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are
mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the
early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992.
Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before
tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced
and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher.
The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these
old devices – we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with
cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排
放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what
would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet
for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs
and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment-friendly.
B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home.
D. They go out of style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
34. Which of the following uses the least energy?
A. The box-set TV.
B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV.
D. The desktop computer.
35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A. Stop using them.
B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.
D. Recycle them.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高、不环保。所以作
者主张使用新电子设备。
32.A 【解析】观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated
devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我
们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环
保、节能。故选A。
33.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and
her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product
throughout its life
可知，Babbitt’s team 研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选D。
34.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets
instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可
以降低44%的耗能。故选B。
35.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用
旧的电子设备。故选A。
【点睛】
熟悉比较句型是彻底理解本文的关键，也是解题的关键。本文中的比较句型：
1. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than
the news ones that do the same things
做同样的事，旧的过时的装置比新装置消耗更多能源，对环境有害，浪费钱财。
2. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst
devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during
the 1992 to 2007 window.
根据Babbitt 团队的分析，旧的桌面监视器和阴极射线管箱式电视机是最差的电子设备，它们的耗能和温室气体的
排放是1992 到2007window 的两倍还多。
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3. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut
energy consumption by 44%.他们发现在平板电脑上看的随需变化的娱乐节目比在电视和电脑上看耗能减少了44%。
2.【2018·全国卷II，B】
Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful
and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a
little more protein ( 蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in
antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into
vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in
vitamin C.
When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit
shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the
skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will
prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of
the freezer.
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve”
creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and
frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A. They contain protein.
B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste.
D. They are rich in antioxidants.
25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?
A. To make them smell better.
B. To keep their colour.
C. To speed up their ripening.
D. To improve their nutrition.
26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert.
B. A drink.
C. A container.
D. A machine.
27. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook.
B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper.
D. A travel brochure.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍并比较了几种水果各自的营养价值和健康功效，并列出了一些
食用这些水果的方法。
24.C 【解析】细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious
who cares?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。
25.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them
turning brown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色
的。故选B。
26.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and
watching the ice cream come out below 可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到
冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出a juicer 就是一台机器。故选D。
27.B 【解析】文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们
可以用a juicer 为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A 项意为：生物教科书；B 项
意为：一本健康杂志；C 项意为：一篇研究论文；D 项意为：一本旅游手册。故选B。
3.【2018·全国卷III，B】
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places
because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a
large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.
But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896,
Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one
of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They
travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with
thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For
many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for
gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very
expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed
people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson
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City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.
Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small population.
C. Its geographical position.
D. Its favourable climate.
25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?
A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.
B. One out of five people got rich.
C. Almost everyone gave up.
D. Half of them died.
26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?
A. They found the city too crowded.
B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable to stand the winter.
D. They were short of food.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. The rise and fall of a city.
B. The gold rush in Canada.
C. Journeys into the wilderness.
D. Tourism in Dawson.
【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson 这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。
24.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby
port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and
trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口
设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它
的地理位置，故C 正确。
25.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About
100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000 人变富有，所以是五分
之一的人变富了，故B 正确。
26.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left
Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知，人们离开Dawson 的主要原因是听说在Alaska 发现了黄金，也就是他
们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B 正确。
27.A
【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson 这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城
市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson 这个城市的发展起伏。
故A 正确。
4.【2018·北京卷，C】
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋
场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests
an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down
polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping
bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the
worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into
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paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down
by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax —
also allows them to break down plastic.
＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the
carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this
bond. ＂
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not
surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of
breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an
enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in
landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown
on top of the plastic. ＂
43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to
.
A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might
.
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms.
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料
污染提供了新的途径。
43.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break
down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. 可知，研究结果发现，蠕虫分解
日常食物的能力让它们可以分解塑料，也就是说它们可以消费塑料。故选C。
44.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.
Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的
原因，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。
45.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not
simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ＂可以推断出，Bertocchini 希望这种化学物质将来能
在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。
46.C
【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study
suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再
根据最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂
millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ＂可知，Bertocchini 希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推
知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。
5.【2018·天津卷，C】
There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made
possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding
cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a
Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In
another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.
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Sustainability(可持续性)
The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will
need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could
probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids ( 水解胶体) from plentiful
renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and
emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing
transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said,
“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating
a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most
ingredients must be changed to a paste( 糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite
time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food
printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are
skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end
restaurants.
46. What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?
A. It helps cooks to create new dishes.
B. It saves time and effort in cooking.
C. It improves the cooking conditions.
D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.
47. What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?
A. It solves food shortages easily.
B. It quickens the transportation of food.
C. It needs no space for the storage of food.
D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
48. According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food _____________.
A. is more available to consumers
B. can meet individual nutritional needs
C. is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
49. What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?
A. The printing process is complicated.
B. 3D food printers are too expensive.
C. Food materials have to be dry.
D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.
50. What could be the best title of the passage?
A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology
B. A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing
C. The Challenges for 3D Food Production
D. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了3D 打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着
许多方面的挑战。
46.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章Food production 中叙述了没有经验的人可以用3D 打印机做出复杂的巧克力
雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐厅能够用3D 打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出3D 打印的优势是节省了做
饭的时间和精力。故选B。
47.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from
plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料).可知，3D 打印机可以使用可
再生材料作为食物来源。故选D。
48.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional
content, like vitamins.（食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物），从而可以推断出3D 打印出来的食物可以满足
个人营养需求。故选B。
49.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because
meat and milk products may easily go bad.可知，阻止3D 打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，含水多
的肉和牛奶不能应用于3D 打印因为很容易坏。故选C。
50.A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了3D 打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的
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挑战。所以用标题3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology，故选A。
点睛：科普类说明文历来是高考阅读理解命题的重点。本文是一篇3D 打印技术在食物方面的应用，文章运用一些
小标题和对一些专业词汇作了多处中文注释，降低了考生的阅读难度。文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，主要考查学生对
语篇的整体把握和领悟能力以及对特定细节的认读和处理能力。最后一小题考查主旨大意，为文章选择出最好的标
题。考生做此题时一定要注意选择项必须要能概括整个文章的内容，不能以偏概全。如B、C、D 选择项在文章中都
有所涉及，但不足以概括全文，所以需要考生正确概括全文的主旨大意。
6.【2018·浙江卷，B】
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an
environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down
the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping
bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along
highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90
cities
in
California,
including
Los
Angeles.
Eyeing
these
headwinds,
plastic-bag
makers
are
hiring
scientists
like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily
recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a
small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The
stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable
bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better
for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑）these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want
shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
【文章大意】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输
需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
24.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
和第二段plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the
planet as most people assume.可知塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein 是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样
对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。
25.A 【解析】词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein
等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的
现状，即Bans on plastic bags，故选A。
26.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知
塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选D。
27.A
【解析】标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能
源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither 既能概括全文，又
能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。
7.【2018·浙江卷，C】
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in
Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线）on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were
produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American
culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car
represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road
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movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate
highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this
society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an
industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for
oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described
in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build
and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the
currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy.
B. Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply.
D. A farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous.
B. Doubtful.
C. Hopeful.
D. Tolerant.
【文章大意】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
28.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of
the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知现代美
国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger 就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。
用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。
29.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological
disaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难。故选B。
30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一段中的Friedman
points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.可见Friedman 虽然对未来担心，但抱
有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman 对未来是充满希望的，故选C。
8.【2018·江苏卷，B】
In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consommé.
Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to
establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that
influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched
their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as
sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had:
those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as
ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine
dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra
round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music
hurried diners out.
Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than
those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding. high prices — don't
necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be
concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables," given that they're profitable. As for
crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And
doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
58. The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were
.
A. not aware of eating more than usual
B. not willing to share food with others
C. not conscious of the food quality
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D. not fond of the food provided
59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A. Playing classical music.
B. Introducing lemon scent.
C. Making the light brighter,
D. Using plates of larger size.
60. What does the last paragraph talk about?
A. Tips to attract more customers.
B. Problems restaurants are faced with.
C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.
D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
【文章大意】本文为说明文，介绍了现代餐馆面临的经营困境和解决方案，介绍了刺激消费和食欲的几种方法，
以及人们对餐厅就餐的一些错误认识。
58.A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线部分的前句they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given
extra-large shares ate more than everyone else,可知在黑暗中，他们说不清自己吃了多少，再根据划线后的句子they
didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.可知他们虽然吃得很多，但并没有感觉更饱，仍然在等着吃甜
点，所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了，所以A 正确。
59.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on
some Mozart(莫扎特）可知，要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。Particular scents also
have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or
no scent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香，而D 项文章没有提及，所以用排除方法可以选A。
60.D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage
spending—"bad" tables, crowding，high prices — don't necessarily.可知你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如不好的桌
子，拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的
几个误解，故选D。
9.【2018·江苏卷，D】
Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study
warned.
It found many youngsters(少年）now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through
“likes”. Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.
The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专员）Anne Longfield. She
said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school
ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.
Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The
youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of
friends — to demand “likes” for their online posts.
The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts
quickly, and around the clock.
Children aged 8 to 10 were "starting to feel happy" when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age
group were "concerned with how many people like their posts", suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets
stronger the older they become.
Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up "worried about their appearance and image as
a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the
constant demands of social media.
She said: "Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school.
But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school."
As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was "hugely
damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop
themselves".
Miss Longfield added: "Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out,
will you show that you don't care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once."
"For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally." The Children's Commissioner for England's study—life in
Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.
However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward
their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.
By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online
and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.
However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel
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if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人）or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure
to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile
phones.
The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional
minefield(雷区）they faced online. And she said social media companies must also "take more responsibility". They should
either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the
needs of younger users.
Javed Khan, of children's charity Bamardo's, said: "It's vital that new compulsory age- appropriate relationship and sex
education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.
“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”
65. Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?
A. They were not provided with adequate equipment.
B. They were not well prepared for emotional risks.
C. They were required to give quick responses.
D. They were prevented from using mobile phones.
66. Some social app companies were to blame because
.
A. they didn't adequately check their users' registration
B. they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters
C. they encouraged youngsters to post more photos
D. they didn't stop youngsters from staying up late
67. Children's comparing themselves to others online may lead to
.
A. less friendliness to each other
B. lower self-identity and confidence
C. an increase in online cheating
D. a stronger desire to stay online
68. According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to
.
A. circulate their posts quickly
B. know the qualities of their posts
C. use mobile phones for play
D. get more public approval
69. What should parents do to solve the problem?
A. Communicate more with secondary schools.
B. Urge media companies to create safer apps.
C. Keep track of children's use of social media.
D. Forbid their children from visiting the web.
70. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The influence of social media on children.
B. The importance of social media to children.
C. The problem in building a healthy relationship.
D. The measure to reduce risks from social media.
【文章大意】本文为说明文，主要介绍了社交媒体(social media ) 使得8-12 岁的孩子面临很多压力，并分析了
原因，提出了建议。
65.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话She said social media firms were exposing children to major
emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they
faced online.可知一些社会媒体公司使孩子们处于大的情感压力下，从而使孩子们感到巨大的压力，故B 正确。
66.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话Some social apps were popular among the children even though
they supposedly require users to be at least 13.可知一些apps 很受孩子们欢迎，尽管它们要求使用者不低于13 岁，言
外之意，他们没有对孩子的年龄进行监管，故选A。
67.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第九段children compared themselves to others online in a way that was "hugely
damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop
themselves".可知孩子在网上与其他人比较损害他们的自尊心，自信心以及自我发展的能力，故B 正确。
68.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第12 段However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to
12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.可知随着孩子年龄的增
长，他们开始渴望上网，再根据13 段By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far
more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.可以
推断出他们的压力源于他们渴望自己的发帖能受欢迎、被认可，由此可见他们渴望得到公众的认可。故选D。
69.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are
using.可以推断出父母需要了解孩子在使用什么apps，所以应该时刻跟踪了解孩子对于社交app 的使用。故选C。
70.A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their
sense of self-worth, a major study warned.可知本文为新闻报道体，文章主要介绍teens 变得越来越依赖社交媒体。再
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根据全文内容可知文章主要介绍了社交媒体对孩子的影响，所以A 正确。
点睛：推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了
得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义
与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分
为如下几类：（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可
能原因；（3）目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推
断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。
本题的第二和第四小题都属于细节推理，解答此类题目首先要准确定位信息句，然后根据信息句进行合理判断，如
第二小题根据原文信息Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to
be at least 13.中关键信息为even though 后的内容，即尽管他们要求使用者要13 岁以上，但在小于13 的孩子中仍
很受欢迎，说明他们的监管不力。
再如第四小题也属于细节推理题。根据文章第12 段However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8
to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.可知随着孩子年龄的
增长，他们开始渴望上网，再根据13 段By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far
more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.可以
推断出他们的压力源于他们渴望自己的发帖能受欢迎，被认可，由此可见他们渴望得到公众的认可。
三、2017 年高考真题
1. 【2017·全国卷I，D】
A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not
readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector.
Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes.
The only components required, though, are a 5＇5＇sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a
container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and
fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the
hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay
the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the
hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center
down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet
must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the
sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can
suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A. It’s delicate.
B. It’s expensive.
C. It’s complex.
D. It’s portable.
33. What does the underlined phrase ＂the water catcher＂in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube.
B. The still.
C. The hole.
D. The cup.
34. What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A. Dig a hole of a certain size.
B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet’s center down.
D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from
.
A. the plastic tube
B. outside the hole
C. the open air
D. beneath the sheet
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器的方法，并介绍了它的工作原
理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。
32. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on
your belt.可知制作蒸馏器的东西可以叠放在一个小包里，系在腰间，这说明制作蒸馏器的设备很轻便，portable 表
示＂轻便的；手提的＂，故选D。
33. B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity 可知
最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。＂接水器＂指的是在潮湿的地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，
杯子上方用膜覆盖，整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D，但是就算在干燥的地方挖洞，
杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围环境的变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。
34. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with
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dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.可知最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock(放
一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去)，故选C。
35. D 【解析】推理判断题。结合第四段中的Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops
of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup 可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来，直到形成小水滴
落在杯子里，覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里，所以水滴是聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。
2. 【2017·全国卷II，C】
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal
of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transition — has two seats, four wheels and wings
that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach
around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in
the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those
numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.
But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in
traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert.
But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already
permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through
crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate
set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner
would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would
find relatively easy to meet.
28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The basic data of the Transition.
B. The advantages of flying cars.
C. The potential market for flying cars.
D. The designers of the Transition.
29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?
A. It causes traffic jams.
B. It is difficult to operate.
C. It is very expensive.
D. It burns too much fuel.
30. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?
A. Cautious.
B. Favorable.
C. Ambiguous.
D. Disapproving.
31. What is the best title for the text?
A. Flying Car at Auto Show
B. The Transition’s First Flight
C. Pilots’ Dream Coming True
D. Flying Car Closer to Reality
【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。Terrafugia 公司研制出飞行汽车并成功进行了第一次飞行，使飞行汽车
成为现实更进一步。
28. A【解析】考查段落大意。第一段的第二句"The vehicle...like a car"介绍了飞行汽车Transition 的构造，第一段的后
半部分介绍它的空中飞行速度、陆地行驶速度和油耗情况，这些都是飞行汽车的基本数据。故选A 项。
29. C【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s
expected to cost $ 279,000"可知，该飞行汽车是非常贵的，所以不太可能大量出现在车道上。故选C 项。
30. B【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"The government has already permitted the company to use special
materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly"可推知，政府对该项目是支持的。故选B 项。
31. D【解析】考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first
flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year"可知，Terrafugia 公司的飞行汽
车成功进行了第一次飞行，从而使飞行汽车更加接近现实。所以选D 项。主旨大意题的解答要注意文章的首段和尾
段，同时要结合文章中大部分内容所讲述的观点。文章中只提及Transition 会出现在New York Auto Show，但这不是
文章主要内容,故排除A 项;B 项只是飞行汽车的第一次飞行，过于片面；C 项中的"Pilots’ Dream"未在文中提及。
3. 【2017·全国卷II，D】
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,
reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These
chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a
mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is
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anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes
designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The
attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more
serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to
do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or
was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to
"overhear" the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world
we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.
32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A. It makes noises.
B. It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly.
D. It sends out certain chemicals.
33. What does the author mean by "the tables are turned" in paragraph 3?
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can
.
A. predict natural disasters
B. protect themselves against insects
C. talk to one another intentionally
D. help their neighbors when necessary
35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The world is changing faster than ever.
B. People have stronger senses than before.
C. The world is more complex than it seems.
D. People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了植物在受到昆虫的攻击时是如何进行自我保护的，同时引出世界比我
们人类想象的要复杂得多这一观点。
32. D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段的"young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that
neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant"可知，当植物受到攻击时，它会产
生一些化学物质。故选D 项。
33. A【解析】考查句意理解。根据第三段中的"The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch"可知，正吃午餐的
袭击者变成了午餐，也就是袭击者被攻击了。故选A 项。
34. B【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do
double duty"可知，植物能保护自己抵抗昆虫。故选B 项。
35. C【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the
world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak"可推知，世界比它显现出来的更加复杂。故选C 项。
4. 【2017·全国卷III，C】
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were
caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170
wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but
they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the
Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来
源) for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation ( 植被), which reduced plant
diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage
of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped
that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared
that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray
wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a
comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce
wolves to other parts of the country as well.
28. What is the text mainly about?
A. Wildlife research in the United States.
B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.
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D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
29. What does the underlined word ＂displaced＂in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Tested.
B. Separated.
C. Forced out.
D. Tracked down.
30. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?
A. Damage to local ecology.
B. A decline in the park’s income.
C. Preservation of vegetation.
D. An increase in the variety of animals.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Uncaring.
【答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的故事。
28. D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章开门见山地提出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，然后在下文中详细介绍其原因以及带
来的良好的转机，由此判断本文的中心话题是美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼。
29. C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据本段后两句可知，因为人类的发展，侵占了灰狼的领域，灰狼逐渐向北迁徙，由
此推断灰狼被人类排挤走了。
30. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；土狼
的数量快速增加，它们猎杀了大量的赤狐，赶走了海狸，由此可推断出灰狼的消失导致了当地生态平衡被破坏。
31. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章末段的最后一句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，因此可
推知作者对这一举措持肯定的态度。
5. 【2017·全国卷III，D】
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named ＂
DriveLAB＂in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people,
leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they
hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe
explains: ＂For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving
their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.＂
＂But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any
potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving
before they really need to.＂
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: ＂The DriveLAB is helping us to understand
what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.
＂For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found
that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at
risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
＂We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer
behind the wheel.＂
32. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A. To explore new means of transport.
B. To design new types of cars.
C. To find out older driver’s problems.
D. To teach people traffic rules.
33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A. It keeps them independent.
B. It helps them save time.
C. It builds up their strength.
D. It cures their mental illnesses.
34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A. Improve their driving skills.
B. Develop driver-assist technologies.
C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D. Organize regular physical checkups.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. A new Model Electric Car
B. A Solution to Traffic Problems
C. Driving Services for Elders
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D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
【文章大意】为了了解老年司机所面临的问题，科研人员研制出DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，从
而保持积极、健康的生活方式。
32. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章首段的内容可知，研制DriveLAB 的目的是为了更好地了解老年司机所面临的
挑战。
33. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中Phil Blythe 所说的＂...driving is important for preserving their independence,
giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others＂可知，在Phil Blythe 看来，能够开车是
老年人能够保持独立生活和自由外出的重要条件。
34. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后三段的内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来帮助
老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多的独立生活。
35. D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款＂DriveLAB＂来研究如何帮助解决老
年司机在开车时遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。
6. 【2017·北京卷，C】
Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United
States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a
growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have
been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very
high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called ＂herd immunity＂, which protects the
people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get
vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free
ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22
measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to
take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required
vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免）, sometimes just
by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to
limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good
enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the
risks.
63. The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trB. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D. information about measles spreads quickly
64. Herd immunity works well when ____________.
A. exemptions are allowed
B. several vaccines are used together
C. the whole neighborhood is involved in
D. new regulations are added to the state laws
65. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A. The overuse of vaccine.
B. The lack of medical care.
C. The features of measles itself.
D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
66. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce the idea of exemption.
B. To discuss methods to cure measles.
C. To stress the importance of vaccination.
D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
【文章大意】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会发生这样的情况。
63.A 【解析】文章第二段的首句既是对第一段的总结，又是第二段的中心句，由此可知答案为A。
64.C 【解析】根据第三段But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.可知只有所有人都参与了
才会有用，故选C。
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65.D
【解析】根据第一段But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and
misinformation that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对疫苗的人导致的麻疹的复发，故选D。
66.C 【解析】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注
射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，故选C。
7. 【2017·北京卷，D】
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem
relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what
we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put
it this way: ＂If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively
interfere( 干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really
desire.＂
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to
preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a
logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a
robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off
switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global
chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real
world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some
researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but
never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a
firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably
decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand,
as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in
teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just ＂switch them off＂
as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will
never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, ＂Anyone who
expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.＂However, on September 12, 1933,
physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may __________.
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. command armies of killer robots
D. work faster than a mathematician
68. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to __________.
A. prevent themselves from being destroyed
B. achieve their original goals independently
C. do anything successfully with given orders
D. beat humans in international chess matches
69. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to __________.
A. help super intelligent machines work better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines from being harmed
D. avoid robots’ affecting the world
70. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the development of AI.
B. It will get worse with human interference.
C. It will be solved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay for a decade.
【文章大意】这是一篇科技说明文。本文主要介绍了人工智能及它给我们的生活带来的影响。
67.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may
become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正问题是
AI 会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI 可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。
68.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually
associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.可知，原因是保护它自己的存在的一种愿望，也就是说，
它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选A。
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69.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real
world.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，所以选D。
70.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be
possible but not easy.可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困难，故选C。
8.【2017·江苏卷，B】
Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s
voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教),birds could rule the roost. As recently
reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵
化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world.
This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South
Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again
while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers — a sound
that served as their regular "feed me!" call.
To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren,
another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and
after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly
compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers
had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate
experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most
food.
This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的) strengths of children
to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. "As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in
children that are in need?"Kleindorfer asks. "Our results suggest that they might be going for quality."
58. The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means "
".
A.be the worst
B.be the best
C.be just as bad
D.be just as good
59. What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?
A. Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.
B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.
C. The data collected from Queensland’s locals.
D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.
60. Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which
.
A. can receive quality signals
B. are in need of training
C. fit the environment better
D. make the loudest call
【文章大意】文章介绍了鸟类在胎教方面的超凡本领。实验发现鸟儿在孵化时不停地鸣叫是为了教会以后出生的
雏鸟歌唱的本领，从而挑选出能够适应环境的雏鸟。
58. B【解析】根据第二段＂when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers＂可知，
鸟儿在孵化小鸟的时候，鸣叫对未出生的小鸟有很大影响，它们被孵化后也能发出类似的声音，说明鸟儿很擅长胎
教。
59. A【解析】根据第三段＂the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird.＂可
知，研究人员并未在全澳洲范围展开调查，排除B 项；未对其它鸟类进行记录研究，排除D 项。根据倒数第三段中
的＂A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.＂可知，A 项
正确。
60. C【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the
most food＂和最后一段＂Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.＂可知，模仿母鸟模仿得最好的雏鸟
得到最多的食物，研究结果表明，母亲会选择质量好的雏鸟。由此可知，胎教帮助母鸟辨别出那些适应环境较好的
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孩子。
9. 【2017·江苏卷，D】
Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after
CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of
adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not
talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US
National Climate Assessment says that: "There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation." Nevertheless, there are some actions
that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become
more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His
not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped
with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded
roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating
gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in
India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous
threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s
inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into
shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water.
Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3of water. Climate change is a
continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few
years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which
reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is
heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all
cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun
painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The
outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of "100 ideas to save the planet".
More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western
Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has
allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this — either by growing new
produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not.
When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt,
it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most
sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that
way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
65. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies
.
A. adaptation is an ever-changing process
B. the cost of adaptation varies with time
C. global warming affects adaptation forms
D. adaptation to climate change is challenging
66. What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?
A. The project receives government support.
B. Different organizations work with each other.
C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation.
D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.
67. What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?
A. Storing ice for future use.
B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C. Changing the irrigation time.
D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
68. What do we learn from the Peru example?
A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B. The global warming trend cannot be stopped.
C. This country is heating up too quickly.
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D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
69. According to the author, polluting industries should
.
A. adapt to carbon pollution
B. plant highly profitable crops
C. leave carbon emission alone
D. fight against carbon pollution
70. What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?
A. Setting up a new standard.
B. Reducing carbon emission.
C. Adapting to climate change.
D. Monitoring polluting industries.
【文章大意】文章关注的是我们熟悉的话题——气候变暖，不同的是，文章给出了一些应对气候变暖的新途径。
65.A
【解析】考查句意理解。根据上文中的"We are therefore...but to a constantly shifting set of conditions"可知，对
于不断变化的环境，没有一个通用的方法来解决所有这样的问题。故画线部分暗示的是适应环境也是一个不断变化
的过程。故A 正确。
66.C
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段首句可知，世界范围内尤其是一些贫穷地区的人们使用了令人意想不到
的方法去适应环境的改变，化劣势为优势，再结合下文的内容可知，Rezwan 就是这么做的，故答案为C。
67.A 【解析】考查细节理解。由第四段中的"...He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze，and was
stored until the spring..."可知，他把水引入盆地，水在那里结冰并被存储到春天使用，故A 正确。
68.D
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六段的内容可知，在秘鲁当地的农民会把整个山峰涂成白色来增强对阳光的
反射，希望借此来保护冰不被融化，再结合第五段的内容可知，反射太阳光可能会减轻全球变暖，故D 项正确。
69.D
【解析】考查推理判断。根据第七段中的"When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control
carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt"可知，污染行业辩称因为人们没有赢得治理碳污染的战役，只能适应，
再结合下文的"it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual"可知，作者认为污染行业的这种说法是荒
谬的，其目的是给自己的商业行为制造借口。由此可推知，对于污染行业来说，负责任的做法是同碳污染抗争，以
减少碳排放，故D 正确。
70.B
【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段第二句"But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our
energy systems to emit less carbon pollution"可知，作者认为最明智的应对全球变暖的方法是减少碳排放，故B 正确。
10. 【2017·浙江卷，B】
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National
Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up
early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15%
said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a
day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep
Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the
surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities( 机会)to stay awake, with more
homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.
She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other
experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’
bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes
later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.
Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits.
B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.
D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.
26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?
A.7 hours.
B.8 hours.
C.10 hours.
D.18 hours.
27.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents’ examples.
D. They don’t need to go to school early.
【文章大意】本文属于说明，首先用数据告诉我们美国孩子的睡眠状况堪忧，接着告诉我们孩子在不同年龄段
需要的睡眠时间不同，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介绍了一些学校为了让孩子们有更多的睡眠时间而推迟了
上课的时间。
25. A 【解析】细节理解题。文中第一段列举了一些数据，向我们说明美国有51%的10 到18 岁的孩子上床睡觉的
时间偏晚，也调查了60%的7 到12 岁的孩子在白天感到疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查都是关于美
国孩子的睡眠习惯的，故选A。
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26. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段＂For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal＂可知11 岁正在上学的小孩
子的理想睡眠时间是10 个小时，故选C。
27. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段＂She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for
them to calm down and sleep＂可知她认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动，故选B。
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专题17
阅读理解新题型
I．阅读理解七选五
一、2019 年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing
people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the
answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is
filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，
allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____ In
these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can
reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who
see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get
enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen
minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有
好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。
36.E
根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E 选项是一般疑问句。故
选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选
项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。
37.A
根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜
空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles
and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提
到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，
故该空应选A 选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。
38.G
根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G 选项提到该类名词，
故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places 就是指Healing Gardens。
39.C
前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，
使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环
境中的好处，空后的it 也要指代这种情况。故C 选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。
40.D
根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳
光。选项中只有D 选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。
2. 【2019·全国卷II】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what
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motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on
the
diving
board, you will stay undecided.
___37___
More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself ,
your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to
your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really
want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs,
values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these
points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one
because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh
goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them
without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36.G
上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G 选项“没
有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。
37.B
下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B 选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”
切题，故选B。
38.A
上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，
A 选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。
39.E
上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E 选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。
40.C
上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目
标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C 选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选C。
3. 【2019·全国卷III】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I
have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the
logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design,
read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on
topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends.
If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social
media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism
or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
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【语篇解读】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一
些规矩与禁忌。
36.E
根据文章段落结构和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very
important，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，
故选项E 符合语境。
37.G
根据其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的），解释了
什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与G 项“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼应，要提一些好的令人深
思的问题，故选G。
38.A
根据前一句Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛
讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选A。
39.C
根据本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends 教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济
援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起
的，故选项C 符合语境。
40.F
通读本段，并根据本段主题句Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上
过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的
意见。选项F 符合上下文语境。
4. 【2019·北京卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great
team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business
people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding
talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that
level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual
talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its
members to coordinate( 协调)their actions.______48______In baseball ，the performance of individual players is less
dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is
too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.
If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be
better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often
told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game
of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复
杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。
46.B
上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的人
个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B 选项“运动队老板花费数百万
美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
47.E
下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。”该空引出下文，E 选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中
人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
48.G
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上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，
该空承上启下，G 选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。
49.D
上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D 选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基
本原则”切题，故选D。
50.F
下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F
选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。
5. 【2019·浙江卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make
very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with
nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large concerts and
performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful
musician group and ended the year as show business legends( 传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named
composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on
February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was broadcast live and
attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British
invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major
turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the
market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了披头士的发展和影响，引领了一种潮流趋势。
31. C
第一段讲述摇滚音乐，根据空后的at that time 可知前句提到了时间，而且与rock music 有关，选项中只有C 项讲的
是摇滚音乐，并且讲述了其发展的时间，故选C。
32. B
空前后都是讲述披头士的出名程度，根据空前extremely popular in England, 以及后文的they became the hottest thing
可知此处描述了他们的影响，选项B （甚至他们的发型在那时也成为了一种潮流）符合文意，且关键词even 是一
个提示，故选B。
33.A
根据空后They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.（他们不确定美国人怎样反应），
可知他们首次来美国演出，所以A 项（决定首次到美国开巡回演出）符合文意，故选A。
34. G
根据空后The concert was broadcast live…可知前句中应该出现concert，选项G 中的关键词their first concert 前后呼
应。故选G。
35. E
根据空前（由于披头士，市场上出现了很多机会），E 项（很多新乐队（新面孔）都是模仿披头士），符合逻辑。故
选E。
II．阅读理解新题型
1.阅读表达
（2019·天津卷）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Haze Mabry，who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into the school building every day and
empties garbage cans，wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday，after he arrived at the school，instead of finding garbage to clean up，he found almost 800 students lining
the hallways with handmade cards，blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th.
As he walked the long hallway，some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled
several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my
children，"Mabry said.
On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell
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him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school，but can't name each one. Some of
them make him know them. Like Faith，who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and Lucy，who just wants a hug.
“He won't brag（夸耀）on himself，but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is，he will always stop what he's
doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him，he will pause to give that child his
undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building，"said Lori Gilreath，a reading teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students，cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot.
Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday，so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise
celebration.
Over the weekend，he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to
him. It read: “Mr. Haze，you are my sunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）
57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）
60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。文中记叙了一位清洁工Mabry，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry 爱学生，
关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他80 生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日，表达了对Mabry 的
热爱。
56. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the
school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the hallways.”可知
Haze Mabry 是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：Cleaning the (school) building；
Or：doing（the）cleaning；
Or: He cleans the (school)building；Or: He does (the) cleaning.
57.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards,
blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of line to hug him.”可知，上个
周五，他发现几乎有800 名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。
因此答案为：
By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
58.
猜测题意题。根据第二段学生们为Mabry 庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They’re
like my children.”可知Mabry 爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry 的热爱。因此
Mabry 被学生的爱所感动，故所以的“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love。
Or: liking.
Or: Fondness.
59. 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容“...he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a
child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his
undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段“Mabry works circles
around all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot.”
可知，Mabry 关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋
工作的人。因此答案为：
(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work.
Or: (Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students, and hard-working.
Or: (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.
60.
考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目：who is the "sunshine" in your life?”谁是你生活中的阳光？只要在生活或
学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可为：
My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I’m faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.
2.任务型阅读
（2019·江苏卷）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
The Cost of Thinking
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Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains and the
ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It
seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals(哺乳动物)weighing sixty kilograms have an average
brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we
assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around,
especially when boxed inside a massive skull(倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts
for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the
brains of apes(类人猿)require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they
spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that
this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man
apart like a rag doll.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In
addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling.
As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to
support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a
challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful
hands backaches and painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most
powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they
remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago despite their big brains and sharp stone
tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction
• Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two
___71___ of human beings.
The ___72___ of large
human brains
• The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
• The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more
energy.
• The animal brain requires less ___73___ when the body is at rest.
•
Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.
The ___74___ of walking
upright
• Walking upright makes it easy to find food or ___75___ against enemies.
• Freed hands can serve some ___76___ purpose and perform complex tasks.
• Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and
___77___ the
size of brains.
• Walking upright results in ___78___ sufferings.
Conclusion
• With a large brain, human beings ___79___ other beings in terms of
intelligence.
• Weak and marginal, human beings remained ___80___ of meat-eating animals.
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。主要叙述人用大脑思考的代价。人类与动物相比有两大特点：大大的大脑和直立
行走。超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商，但却消耗巨大的能量。直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物和抵御敌人，解放
了的双手来更复杂的事。但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。人类成为地球上最强大的动物，享受无与伦比的优势，
却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。
71. characteristics 【解析】考查信息归纳。根据第一段“all human beings share defining characteristics ,such as large
brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.” 可知，大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点
(characteristics)。故填characteristics。
72. disadvantages
【解析】考查信息归纳。72 题就是对第三段内容的总结。第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺
点。因此本空格填写disadvantages。
73. energy 【解析】考查信息来源。根据第三段中的“a huge brain is a huge drain--consumption of energy ”以及“It (the
brain) consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.By comparison the brains of apes require only 8% of
rest- time energy”可知，人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。当身体处于休息时，大脑要消耗25%的身体能量。
相比之下，类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。人类与动物相比，动物需要的能量（energy）要比人类少。故
填energy。
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74. impact(s) 【解析】考查信息归纳题。分析空后的75--78 小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容可知，此部分主要叙
述了直立行走对人类的影响。故填impact(s)。
75. guard【解析】考查信息转换。根据第五段的第一句“Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.
Standing up, it’s easier to find food or enemies.”可知，另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。站起来，更容易找到
食物或敌人。找到敌人，就是为了防御敌人。因为or 为连词，在此句中连结两个动词短语，故空格填动词。“guard
against...”为固定搭配，意为“防御......”，故本空填写guard。
76. other 考查信息来源。根据第五段中的”...their arms that are unnecessary for moving
around are freed for other
purposes ,like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. ”可知，
解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填other。
77. limits【解析】考查信息归纳。根据第五段“walking upright has disadvantages. The bone structure of our ancestors
developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on four and a relative small head. Adjusting to an upright
position was quite a challenge , especially when the bones had to support an extra -large skull.” 可知，直立行走也有缺
点。我们祖先进化了上百亿年，⻣骼也只能支撑四肢行走和有一个相对较小的头。直立行走对人类的骨架是一个相
当大的挑战，限制了人的头脑的大小。故本空填limits。
78. physical【解析】考查信息转换。根据第六段“..., Humankind paid for its vision and skillful hands with backaches and
painful necks.” 可知，直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，人类为自己的视力和灵巧的双手付出了代价，换来的
是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立导致身体方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical。
79. beat【解析】根据最后一段“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have
made humankind the most powerful animal
on earth.”可知，我们假设大脑越大，优势越大。很明显，这些使得人类
成为地球上最强大的动物。由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大，在智力方面人类比动物更聪明，即在智力方面击败
了(beat)其他动物。故本空填beat。
80. fearful/afraid【解析】根据最后一段“...humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which
they weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone
tools, lived in constant fear of meat--eating animals.”可知，尽管人类享受着所有这些优势，但也是弱小的生物。因此尽
管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，但也曾经对食肉动物仍旧害怕/恐惧。因为空前是系动词，故本空要填形容词
(afraid/fearful)可知，此处要填名词，故填fearful/afraid。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·全国卷I】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design — something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color
in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life?
Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room
feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important
point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you
need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual
interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color
choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____. They
require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or
paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。
36.B
【解析】36 题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除D、E、F、G 项。根据前文的三个问
句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故选B（不管你寻找哪一种）。
37.A
【解析】前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。所以A（然
而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。
38.D
【解析】本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故选D。
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39.G
【解析】根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表明这种范
围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故选G。
40. F
【解析】前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant 你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费
用是巨大的。后文F 那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选F。
2.【2018·全国卷II】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find
the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the
day.___37___
Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the
calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the
evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices
throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on
positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push
yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。
36.G 【解析】根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其他好处”，
下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G 项中then listen up!（那么请仔细听!）
很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。
37.E 【解析】根据上一句Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E 项（你可以在运动后保持头脑
清醒4-10 个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选E。
38.F 【解析】空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路里一整天
都在燃烧的益处，F 项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空后句子是对F 项的进
一步延伸。故选F。
39.B 【解析】此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B 项（你的睡眠质量提
高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选B。
40.A【解析】根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food
choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选择。）”，A 项(你将坚持
你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选A。
3.【2018·全国III】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and
sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays ,
office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with
my life." Bridges
runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to watch them. For
many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."
___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive
at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern
of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard to stop!
Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
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C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。
36.B
【解析】根据空后的内容We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at
weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.可知，这里是说遭美国都有人跳舞
从弗罗里达到阿拉斯加，从北到南等，因此B 项符合题意。
37.D
【解析】根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句it’s great to watch
them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以D 和F 符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对他
们的好处，故选D。
38.A
【解析】根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选A。
39.F
【解析】根据前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们的心情彻底改变，
故选F。
40.E
【解析】根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E 符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳
舞给自己带来的好处。
3.【2018·浙江卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you
become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood
. the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you
conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _____31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean,
and in good repair. ____32____ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the
look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag.
_____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
______34______ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an
illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still
respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
______35______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking
pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone
appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
【文章大意】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。
31.G【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最
简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G 项：这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得
邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选G。
32.F 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外
环境，F 项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思一致，故选
F。
33.E 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，
E 项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。
34.B 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的
隐私。B 项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选B。
35.C 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于
自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C 项中considerate behavior 是下文内
容的概括，故选C。
5.【2018·北京卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Do We Get Angry?
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Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us
examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality
traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations.
51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are
some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. ____52____
The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and
psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect
with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.
53
Also, sometimes pre-anger
does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
54
Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance
and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
55
However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to
prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent
cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger
another.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。
51.F 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因：triggering（触发）events，
personality traits（特征），our assessment of situations，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生气的关系。故
该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F 选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那么了解这些原因
将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。
52.G 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截止日期临
近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由于个人
的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现象，故G 选
项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另
一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。
53.E 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，
气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，pre-anger 并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种
触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的
pre-anger，故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your
mind. （拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。）承上启下，故选E。
54.A 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成pre-anger 或恼
怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故A 选项（我们的
对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选A。
55.D 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下愤怒
的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D 选项（愤怒是一种特别强烈
的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D。
6.【2018·天津卷】
阅读表达
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid
ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school, while
exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to?
Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely
mysterious steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top! But it was
now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried sick if I didn’t
come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle
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up there? Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or, maybe all I
would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly
wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can’t do" attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still
we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never
ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, "You can’t." Dream big and climb high!
56. What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)
57. Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no more than 15
words)
58. How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)
59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
60. What’s your attitude towards the "mountain" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】56. Curiosity made her do so.
Or:The desire to explore.
57. Because it was getting dark，and she didn’t want her mother to worry about her.
Or:Because she was seared，and might not be able to find her/the way back home.
58. She had rich imagination and she was brave.
Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination.
Or:She was imaginative and determined，and she dared to explore.
Or:She was imaginative，adventurous and determined.
59. We all sometimes fail.
Or:We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life.
Or:There are difficulties/barriers/obstacles in life.
Or:We run into trouble sometimes.
Or:We have trouble in life.
60. I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.
Or:I will try to reach/get to the top of the“mountain”because I want to be successful in life.【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议
短文阅读。作者通过小时候爬山的经历告诉我们：我们每个人在人生中都会遇到很多座山，但我们要勇于梦想，攀
登高峰。
56. 细节归纳题。根据文章第二段What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be
starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.可知，好奇心驱使作者探索这些台阶通往
什么，从而可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
57. 细节归纳题。根据文章第三段But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back.
My mom would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get
too scared.可知，作者没有到达山顶而急于回家的原因一共有4 个，考生只需要归纳2 个原因，注意字数的限制。
58. 细节归纳题。根据文章第四段作者梦见城堡或怪物，可知作者非常具有想象力；根据But something inside me was
going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.可知，作者内心的某些东西会不惜
一切代价爬上那座山并迫不及待地想再次冒险，可知作者具有冒险精神并且有决心。根据这些归纳出答案，注意字
数的限制。
59. 句意理解题。根据全文我们可以推断出We all fall down.指的是“我们生活中遇到的障碍/困难/失败/挑战等”。由
此可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
60. 开放题。首先要理解题干中的mountain 指的是“障碍或失败”，并且要陈述自己的理由，注意字数的限制。
点睛：本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文阅读。整体文章易懂，但题目设置灵活，总体难度中等。考生不但要从文章中找出
答案，还要根据问题的设置归纳出相应的答案。书写答案的时候，考生要注意语法结构的正确以及字数的限制。
7.【2018·江苏卷】
任务型阅读
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music,
or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic
impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical
experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their
professional knowledge and skills.
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. “If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief.
Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the
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event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or
part-time employees or independent contractors.
A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）throughout a community. In 2005, when the Bishop
Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than $1
million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and
year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive
or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth. Today, there are galleries,
studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and
energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.
TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and
private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce $298 for every
dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an
economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry,
including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.
The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community benefits.
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce
returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But those who truly
understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.
Arts as an
economic driver
Our communities
___71___ from arts in terms of economy.
___72___ of arts’
promoting our
economy
Arts activity demands a(n) ___73___ effort. It involves creation, performance, and
___74___.
★Artists make a living through their creative work.
★Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading ___75___. They could help promote other
industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.
★Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their ___76___ to and from the events.
★Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their
experience and renew their energy.
Investment in arts could produce potential ___77___ economic results.
★TeCo used a $35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400,000.
★In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest and extraordinary return of nearly
$300.
★In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers
___78___ arts industry.
Art students
making a good living
With these ___79___ in mind, art students need not worry about their career and
have a(n) ____80____ plan.
【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述艺术是如何促进我们的经济发展的。
71.benefit
同义转化题。根据文章第一段But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.(艺术团体给我们的
社区带来了更大的价值。)，所填词的主语为Our communities，故应为我们的社区从艺术中收益，所以用短语benefit
from 从……受益。故填benefit。
72.Ways 归纳题。分析右边表格各小点的内容可知，这里应该为艺术提升我们经济的方法，所以用way，注意首字
母大写及复数形式。故填Ways。
73.joint/collective
归纳题。根据文章第二段Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts,
managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.可以归纳出，艺术活动需要集体共同努力。故填
joint/collective。
74.Promotion/marketing 词性转化题。根据文章第三段Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents
and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.中的动词promote 转化为名词promotion，也可以用同
义名词marketing。故填promotion/marketing。
75. Effect 原词再现题。根据文章第四段A successful arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）throughout
a community.中的原词effect 可以得出答案。故填effect。
76.fares
归纳题。根据文章第四段Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in
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to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.可以归纳出，爵士爱好者除了买票之外，还需要付来去交通费、住宿
费等费用。故填fares。
77.Positive 归纳题。根据文章倒数第三段the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs,
80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel
managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.可知，艺术品投资可以产生潜在的积极经济效果。故填positive。
78.outside/beyond
原词再现题。根据文章倒数第三段the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and
support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers,
construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.中的outside 可以得出答案，也可以用
其同义词beyond。故填outside/beyond。
79. statistics/data/analyses 归纳题。这里是对文章的总结，艺术生应该考虑到上文这些统计数据或分析，故无需担心
他们的职业。故填statistics/data/analyses。
80. Alternative 同义转化题。根据文章最后一段But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to
change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.中的change the patterns 转化为同义词alternative。
故填alternative。
三、2017 年高考真题
1. 【2017·全国卷I】
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed
heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.
They had nothing in common with me.
36
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.
37
We slept in a tent,
cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with
Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s
food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.
38
Instead, we had a
pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the
necessities of life.
39
We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a
bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has
matching carpet and curtains.
40
It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you
find your way in style.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【文章大意】三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经历，作者
和他的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买了设备齐全的房车。作者认为露营是回归大自然的一个方式，也建议
读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。
36. D
根据前文可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营，暗示此处作者对待露营的情感
态度应该出现转变。D 选项中的however 表示转折。且If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be
spending most of my weekends camping 暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D 选项中的since then＂自从那时
候起＂和前文时间吻合。故选D。
37. C
根据后文We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the
bathroom 可知作者第一次露营的条件很艰苦，C 选项The trip they took me on was a rough one.中的rough 暗
示了这一点，符合语境。故选C。
38. A
根据前文We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the
bathroom 可知作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很远的距离去洗澡、上厕所，条件很艰苦，而
后文中Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. 说明作者第二次露营有
床有空调。A 选项This time there was no tent＂这次没有帐篷了＂暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比
较好，符合语境。故选A。
39. F
根据后文we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a
separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.可知作
者一家为了露营买了房车，里面设备齐全，说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F 选项After the trip, my family
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became quite interested in camping(那次露营之后，我的家人开始对露营感兴趣)符合语境，故选F。
40. E
根据后文It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you
find your way in style.可知作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法，而根据前文可知作者回归自然
的方式就是露营。E 选项I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.(我必须得承认我真的开始享受
露营)既是对文章第一段中作者态度转变的一个总结，也很好地衔接了后文。故选E。
2. （2017·全国卷Ⅱ）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.
36
, there are several ways
to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37
. Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you
can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that
you’ll find them then.
38
. It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office.
39
, it’s much easier to excuse yourself to
get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it.
40
. If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter,
excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you’re not
to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no
B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。
36.B【解析】考查承启句。根据上文的"Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with"以及下文的"there are
several ways to handle things"可知，工作时被打断是要处理的最糟糕的事情之一，有几个处理事情的
办法。空处承上启下，应选B 项。
37.A【解析】考查主题句。根据下文的"Tell the person you’re sorry...ask if the two of you can talk at a different
time"可知，本段讲述的是当你忙的时候,要拒绝别人打断你。故A 项符合文意。主题句是对下文内容的
总结，所以要认真阅读下文的内容并准确得出主题句，切忌以偏概全,以点代面。
38.E 【解析】考查承启句。根据上文的"let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them
then"及下文的"It can help to…"可知，此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选E 项。
39.D【解析】考查承启句。根据上文的"don’t do it in your own office"以及下文的"excuse yourself to get back
to
your work"可知，你如果不在自己的办公室里，就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。故选D 项。
40.G【解析】考查承启句。根据本段的首句"If you have a door to your office, make good use of it"以及下文的
"when the door is closed"可知，G 项符合文意。
3.（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy
morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock.
36
Here’s how to make one.
●
37
In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to
have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about
your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
●Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If
you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.
38
That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.
●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could
sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study
found.
39
●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a
new method for a week, take a look at your record.
40
If not, take another look at other methods you could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
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F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件
令人头疼的事。
36. C
根据空前及空后的关键词one 可以判断出，空处应为解决方法，再结合所给选项可知只有C 选项符合语境。
37.B
本段内容是建议人们要先确定为什么要早起，弄清早起的目的是什么，也就是早起的动机是什么，因此B
项可以概括本段的中心。
38.G
根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15 分钟的喝咖啡时间，能够多
睡15 分钟，文中的a quarter-hour 和选项中的15 minutes 相呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。
39.F
根据段落的中心句可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断出Stick to your set
bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day 符合语境。故选F。
40.E
后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断出该空与If not 对应，即如果有效果的话如何去做。
故选E。
4.（2017·北京卷）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within
a month.
71
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.
72
We
know that, while awake, fresh memories
are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we
sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be
weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.
73
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.
74
The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a
period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons
weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate
and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.
The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.
75
＂You keep what
matters,＂Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. ＂Sleep is the price we pay for learning,＂says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
【语篇解读】试题分析：本文讲述了睡眠的重要性。
71.C 【解析】根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.老鼠如果不睡觉，一个月它
们就死了，同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病，人和动物匹配，死和生病形成对比，故选C。
72.E 【解析】根据前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆，所以学生在学习新知识后有机会睡一觉，他们
在考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。
73.F 【解析】根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论故选F。
74.G 【解析】根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice 可知，他肯定做了老鼠的实验，答案为G。
75.B 【解析】根据后一句提到的You keep whatmatters 你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，故选B。
5.（2017·浙江卷6 月考）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview
people on the spot.
31
But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and
develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in
America, you might ask, ＂Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?＂
32
●Hit the streets with confidence.
33
Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you
could share your opinion about this topic.＂This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get discouraged.
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●
34
Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get
the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a
variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to
conduct is about six to ten.
35
●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work
without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a ＂Yes＂or ＂No＂reply.【解析】
试题分析：本文主要讲了进行街道随机采访的若干技巧。
31. D 【解析】根据空格后一句中的＂your first man-on-street interview experience can be easy＂可知这是对于记者新
人所提出的建议，而选项D 中的＂new reporters＂正好与其相承接，故选D。
32. G 【解析】空格前一句是个远非yes 或no 就可以回答的提问, 而选项G 中＂With a question like this…＂正好与其
相承接，故选G。
33. B 【解析】根据空格后一句所说的很有礼貌的提问，可知这里的建议应该是提问时要注意礼貌，而选项B 中的
polite 正好与其相呼应，故选B。
34. A 【解析】根据空格后一句＂Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.＂可知
这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间，故选A。
35. F【解析】空格前一句是＂A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten＂, 而选项F 中＂That number of
interviews…＂正好与其相呼应，故选F。
6.（2017·天津卷）
阅读表达
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would
call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I would
scream, “ I hate you!” Dad would yell back, “Good! I don’t care!” Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “ Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to
the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised. As expected, I got a roasting, but I now
understand why I needed discipline.
Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series,
but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of
rejections. Working in such a competitive industry, I’ve sometimes thought, “I can’t do this any more.”
Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting,
listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s
all about persistence(坚持不懈).”
Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so
interested in people. If it weren’t for Dad, I wouldn’t be where I am today. He’s my biggest fan, and when you have that in
your life you can go a long way.
56. What rules did Alice’s father set for her when she was growing up?(no more than 15 words)
57. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 5 words)
58. What did Alice’s father do when she felt depressed? (no more than 5 words)
59. According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common? (no more than 10 words)
60. What do you think of Alice’s father? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个严父、慈父对女儿的教育培养以及对女儿的影响。
56.
She should make her bed, do her homework and drink no alcohol.
Or: Making her bed, doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.【解析】根据文章第一段的句子He made sure I made
my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with
him for laying down the law. 可知作者爱丽斯的父亲给她制定了自己铺床、做作业和不许喝酒的规定。
57.
I got/was criticised/scolded. 【解析】
根据文章第三段的内容：Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in
a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like those early days for
Dad, I faced lots of rejections.可以判断出我和父亲早年的时候一样，面对了许多次的拒绝，即受到了批评。
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58. He encouraged/comforted/inspired her. 【解析】
根据文章第四段内容Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my
bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I
know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”可以判断出在爱丽斯感到精神不振的时候，父亲鼓励、安慰、
激励了她。
59.
They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.【解析】根据文章最后一段中的We are both passionate
about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people.可以判断出爱丽斯和她的父亲的共同点就是对演艺事
业充满了激情，对人们感兴趣。
60.
He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in
trouble.
Or: He is always supportive/a source of strength. Whenever she is in trouble, he is there for her. 【解析】根据第一段的句
子Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure
there was no alcohol at the party.和第二段的句子As expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I needed
discipline.可知，爱丽斯的父亲对女儿严格要求，是一个严父。由第四段内容Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned
to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find
myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”可以判断出爱丽
斯的父亲对女儿的关爱和鼓励，所以判断出爱丽斯的父亲是一个好父亲，是女儿力量的源泉。
【名师点睛】阅读表达题是一种综合性的题型，测试目的是从多方位、多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信
息并进行书面表达的能力。该题型比传统的阅读理解试题更具有综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生综合能力的考查。
考查题型有封闭型问题（Close-ended Questions），要求考生结合文中具体信息进行回答；还有开放型问题
（Open-ended Questions）：要求考生结合个人观点、态度进行表述。这篇文章为记叙文，学生可以通过最后提出的
问题进行点对点的信息筛查，在文章中找出相关的句子。回答问题的时候，学生要注意题目要求的字数限制，在规
定范围内答题就可以。
7.（2017·江苏卷）
任务型阅读
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个
．．最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Population Change
Why is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not
that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died
at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th
century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.
Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.
Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level
(i.e.2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think
that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations), but
you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic
global shortages of work force within a few decades.
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to
undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as
technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this
could invite trouble.
Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of
people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country
has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody
is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don’t bend,
Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.
In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic
development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural
areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030,
a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.
One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among
developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030. Moreover, the USA has a track
record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and
to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.
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Population Change
【文章大意】文章关注的是人口出生率的下降。得益于医学的进步，全世界的人口虽然在增长，但是不断下降
的出生率却是二十一世纪面临的一个严峻问题。
71. lower【解析】根据＂declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st＂可知，21 世纪的出生率比20 世纪低，
且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little 等修饰比较级，故填lower。
72. size/scale【解析】根据第二段中的＂almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate＂可知，
发达国家人口出生率正在下降，即人口难以维持现有的规模，＂maintain＂一词是做题的依据，故填size/scale。
73. immediate【解析】根据第二段中的＂which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few
decades＂中的＂within a few decades＂可知，出生率的下降对发展中国家和全球的消极影响还没有发生，由此联想
The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71)
▲
than it was in
the 20th.
To guarantee its economic growth, China needs to deal with the
population issue properly, as its workers are getting (75)
▲
.
Decline of the birth rate
Population
and
(74)
▲
pressure
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到＂影响不是立即产生的＂。
74. economic【解析】接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济问题，根据＂economic development before
a population decline hits the country＂可知答案。
75. old/older【解析】根据＂A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China＂可知，中国可能会迎来年轻
劳动力的危机，故填older。
76. earlier【解析】根据＂the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in
1961...but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it＂可知，俄罗斯人口由于缩短的寿命而急
剧下降。
77. living/life【解析】此处是说，如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式，他们的情况可能会好一些。
78. equality【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate
is falling rapidly＂可知，教育可以降低出生率，因此，可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长。
79. immigration【解析】根据最后一段中的＂One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.＂可知，
通过移民来引入外来工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法。
80. compensate【解析】根据最后一段中的＂Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.
As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population＂可知，美国的移民政策将会使劳动力有所增
加。接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺。
【名师点睛】
任务型阅读题中的阅读能力同样要求考生在有限的时间内快速领会文章的主旨大意，快速理解句段细节意义和
理清上下文的逻辑关系，要能够理解文章作者的观点、态度和意图，同时不能忽视对语篇的整体把握和领悟。考查
题型分为以下三类：
1. 信息筛选题：信息筛选题是基础题目，一般可以直接通过将表格和短文进行对照，边读文章边找出与试题相关的
句子信息，获取到相关单词，有时试题和原文句型句式不同，需进行简单的逻辑推理然后找到相应单词，不需
变化，直接填入。例如第74、79 题。
2. 整合转换题：整合转换题是典型的二次加工题型，需要考生有基本的构词法知识，对句子成分和词性的对应关系
要明确。做题时不仅需要找到与试题相关的语句，还要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的逻辑关系进行加工，
从而提炼出新词。可细分为如下两种情况：
（1）词形整合转换。被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同，因而需要在名词、动词、形容词、副词等
之间进行转换。例如第76、78 题。
（2）句型整合转换。试题中的被考查单词在原文中找不到同根词，无法获取单词进行转换，需根据原文中相应句
子的意义和上下文逻辑联系进行句型转换。例如第71、72、73 题。
①表格内词性、大小写和语法运用上要保持一致。同一单元格要注意在用词方面保持一致的格式。
②善用同义词和反义词进行转换。
③正确使用构词法。
④熟练运用语法句型转换。
3. 综合概括题：综合概括题要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，通过观察表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括
出所考查的单词。此类设题一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。为了更快捷地掌握概括能力，总结和熟记一些概
括性词汇及其固定搭配也是很有必要的。例如75 题。
基本的概括性词汇有：
总结、概括：conclusion, summary
建议：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation
影响：effect, influence, impact
印象：impression
因果：reason, cause, result, consequence
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专题18
完形填空记叙文
一、2019 年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home,
following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He had
___43___ to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___.
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove
___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually
succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started
licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___ number
for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___ their dog.
Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff
searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s
good to know there’s still someone out there who
___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___,”says Lisa of Ehlers’
rescue ___58___.
I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as
___59___ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been
my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be ___60___ to go that extra mile.”
41. A. read
B. forgot
C. thought
D. heard
42. A. read
B. trembling
C. eating
D. sleeping
43. A. tried
B. agreed
C. promised
D. regretted
44. A. calmed down
B. stood up
C. rolled over
D. run off
45. A. injured
B. stolen
C. lost
D. rescued
46. A. home
B. past
C. back
D. on
47. A. preparation
B. explanation
C. test
D. search
48. A. cautiously
B. casually
C. skillfully
D. angrily
49. A. surprise
B. joy
C. hesitation
D. anxiety
50. A. predicted
B. advertised
C. believed
D. recorded
51. A. house
B. phone
C. street
D. car
52. A. called
B. copied
C. counted
D. remembered
53. A. fed
B. adopted
C. found
D. cured
54. A. hunted
B. skied
C. lived
D. worked
55. A. on purpose
B. on time
C. in turn
D. in vain
56. A. cares
B. sees
C. suffers
D. learns
57. A. place
B. trouble
C. waste
D. extreme
58. A. service
B. plan
C. effort
D. team
59. A. equal
B. allergic
C. grateful
D. close
60. A. suitable
B. proud
C. wise
D. wiling
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ehlers 和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到了主人。
41.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers 和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指Ehlers 一直在想关于那只
狗的事，think about 考虑。故选C。
42.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知，这只狗是在路边发抖，trembling 发抖。故选B。
43.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文可知，他在尽力的哄那只狗，try to do sth 尽力做某事。故选A。
44.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。他在尽力的哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了，run off“跑
开”的意思。故选D。
45.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文可知，这只狗是别人丢失的，因此此处用lost“丢失”。故选C。
46.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，四天后，Ehlers 给他的朋友Greg 打电话，他们俩又驱车返回。根据
上文可知，此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方，back 向后，回原处。故选C。
47.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Greg 在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知，此处是指他们在仔细寻找
小狗，search 寻找。故选D。
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第145 页共218 页
48.A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据文中提到的frightened, nervousness, fear 等词并结合上文并根据下文Ehlers 最
终成功的安抚了它可知，小狗非常的谨慎小心，cautiously 谨慎地，小心地。故选A。
49.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文小狗开始舔Ehlers 的脸可知，它不再害怕，而是很开心，joy 开心。故选
B。
50.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地的一个农民告诉他们，这听起来像是当地报纸上刊登的那只丢失的狗。
根据本句的in the local paper 及语境可知，此处是指在报纸上刊登的，advertise 登广告。故选B。
51.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers 给狗的主人打电话可知，此处是指广告上有电话号码，phone number
电话号码。故选B。
52.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，此处是指Ehlers 给Jeff 和Lisa（狗的主人）打了电话，call
打电话。故选A。
53.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，Ehlers 给他们打电话是要告知他找到了他们的狗，find 找到。
故选C。
54.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff 带着狗在打猎，hunt 打猎。故选
A。
55.D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据上文Ehlers 找到的Jeff 的狗可知，Jeff 在狗丢失后没有找到他的狗，in vain 徒
劳。故选D。
56.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很高兴知道还有那么一个人，他足够关心你，会去做这样麻烦的事。根据
上文可知，此处是指Ehlers 对狗足够关心，care 关心。故选A。
57.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文Ehlers 开车把那只小狗Rosie 送到100 英里远的机场，把它航空托运到
密歇根可知，这是件很麻烦的事情，trouble 麻烦。故选B。
58.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文可知，此处是指Lisa 在评论Ehlers 帮助他们找回狗付出的努力，effort
努力。故选C。
59.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想无论是谁丢了狗，可能就像我接近我的狗一样去接近它。根据下文
Ehlers 说的话可知，此处是指他对待那只狗就像对自己的狗一样，close to 靠近。故选D。
60.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望有人愿意付出更多的努力。根据上文语境可知，此处是表达他希
望面对这样的事情，大家能愿意去付出更多努力去帮忙，be willing to do 乐意做某事。故选D。
2. 【2019·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late
September to mid-March- ___41___ six months out of the year.
Of course, we ___42___ it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see
the sky is ___43___, but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a ___44___ day.”
But that ___45___ when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring
peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan ___47___ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A
row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to ___48___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that
___49___ them to turn along with the sun throughout the ___50___ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a
concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central ___51___, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.
When the light ___52___, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been ___53___ there and standing there and taking ___54___ of each other," Ro says. "The town square
was totally ___55___. I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all ___56___ the
sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___ residents.
"It's not very ___59___,” she says, "but it is enough when we are ___60___.”
41. A. only
B. obviously
C. nearly
D. precisely
42. A. fear
B. believe
C. hear
D. notice
43. A. empty
B. blue
C. high
D. wide
44. A. cloudy
B. normal
C. different
D. warm
45. A. helped
B. changed
C. happened
D. mattered
46. A. computers
B. telescopes
C. mirrors
D. cameras
47. A. remembered
B. forecasted
C. received
D. imagined
48. A. repair
B. risk
C. rest
D. use
49. A. forbids
B. directs
C. predicts
D. follows
50. A. day
B. night
C. month
D. year
51. A. library
B. hall
C. square
D. street
52. A. appeared
B. returned
C. faded
D. stopped
53. A. driving
B. hiding
C. camping
D. siting
54. A. pictures
B. notes
C. care
D. hold
55. A. new
B. full
C. flat
D. silent
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56. A. block
B. avoid
C. enjoy
D. store
57. A. Instead
B. However
C. Gradually
D. Similarly
58. A. nature-loving
B. energy-saving
C. weather-beaten
D. sun-starved
59. A. big
B. clear
C. cold
D. easy
60. A. trying
B. waiting
C. watching
D. sharing
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子
设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。
41.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. only 仅仅；B. obviously
显然地；C. nearly 几乎；D. precisely 准确的。根据前
文from late September to mid-March 可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选C。
42.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. fear 害怕；B. believe 相信；C. hear 听见；D. notice 注意。根据后文We see the sky
is 43 , but down in the valley it's darker 可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知，
太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选D。
43.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty 空的；B. blue 蓝色的；C. high 搞得；D. wide 宽的。根据常识可知，有
太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。
44.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy 多云的；B. normal 正常的；C. different 不同的；D. warm 温暖的。根
据前文down in the valley it's darker 可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选A。
45.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. helped 帮助；B. changed 改变；C. happened 发生；D. mattered 关系重大。根据
后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选B。
46.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. computers 电脑；B. telescopes 望远镜；C. mirrors 镜子；D. cameras 相机。根据
后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks 可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选C。
47.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered 记得；B. forecasted 预报；C. received 获得，收到；D. imagined 想
象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选C。
48.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. repair 修理；B. risk 风险；C. rest
休息；D. use 使用。根据前一句their very first
ray of winter sunshine 可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。put sth to use 把某物投
入使用。
49.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风
的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids 禁止；B. directs 指导，导演；C. predicts 预测；D. follows 跟随，追随。本句描述这套
系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。
50.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. day 白天；B. night 夜晚；C. month 月；D. year 年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现
在白天，故选A。
51.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. library 图书馆；B. hall 大厅；C. square 广场；D. street 街道。根据后文The town
square 可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。
52.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. appeared 出现；B. returned 归还；C. faded 褪去；D. stopped 停止。根据后文Rjukan
residents gathered together 可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故选A。
53.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. driving 驾驶；B. hiding 隐藏；C. camping 露营；D. sitting 坐。根据本句and standing
there 可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选D。
54.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. pictures 照片，图片；B. notes 笔记；C. care 照顾；D. hold 抓住。根据文章可知，
会彼此拍照，故选A。
55.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. new 新的；B. full 满的；C. flat 平坦的；D. silent 沉默的。根据后文I think almost
all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故选B。
56.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. block 阻挡；B. avoid 避免；C. enjoy 喜欢，享受；D. store 储存。根据句意可知，
并不是3500 名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选C。
57.B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead 代替；B. However 然而；C. Gradually 逐渐地；D. Similarly 相似地。前一
句意思为并不是3500 名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可
知前后句属于转折关系，故选B。
58.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. nature-loving 热爱自然的；B. energy-saving 节能的；C. weather-beaten 受风雨
侵蚀的；D. sun-starved 渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选D。
59.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. big 大的；B. clear 清晰的；C. cold 冷的；D. easy 容易的。根据前文可知，镜
子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故选A。
60.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. trying 尝试；B. waiting
等待；C. watching
观看；D. sharing 分享。根据
句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故选D。
3. 【2019·北京卷】
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。
Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood
arrive at their college classes on time.
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A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been ___11___ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since
he first started ___12___ his car to the young people. Wilson has ___13___ am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had
countless pleasant and often humorous ___14___ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who
he's ___15___ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they've also got out of their time in
school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students ___16___ call him “Grandpa”.
Tina Stern ___17___ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college and the trips meant much more to her than just
free ___18___. "It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there in ___19___ silence or with your headphones on.” Stern
said. “He asks you questions and actually ___20___ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll ___21___
those things."
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for
College. Although the ___22___ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes
___23___ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.
Wilson is there to ___24___ them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store
and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never ___25___ to buy
them a meal.
For many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely ___26___ for them to be able to complete
their college education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to ___27___ vehicles with parents who
work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has ___28___ them to complete their education — but according to
Wilson, he benefits just as much from the ___29___. “I just love driving and I love these kids, "Wilson said. "It's such a(n)
___30___ to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories."
11. A. linking
B. sending
C. offering
D. distributing
12. A. donating
B. lending
C. delivering
D. volunteering
13. A. paved
B. covered
C. measured
D. wandered
14. A. arguments
B. interviews
C. negotiations
D. wandered
15. A. met
B. driven
C. addressed
D. conversations
16. A. even
B. ever
C. once
D. already
17. A. earned
B. received
C. assessed
D. demanded
18. A. transportation
B. style
C. time
D. communication
19. A. forced
B. awkward
C. ridiculous
D. suspicious
20. A. selects
B. recites
C. guesses
D. remembers
21. A. act on
B. settle on
C. check on
D. agree on
22. A. club
B. league
C. college
D. programme
23. A. far
B. around
C. beyond
D. forwards
24. A. assist
B. watch
C. urge
D. warm
25. A. expects
B. attempts
C. manages
D. hesitates
26. A. extra
B. unusual
C. necessary
D. adequate
27. A. share
B. fuel
C. repair
D. exchange
28. A. required
B. allowed
C. reminded
D. convinced
29. A. experience
B. arrangement
C. appreciation
D. employment
30. A. effort
B. ambition
C. privilege
D. convenience
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了76 岁的Paul Wilson 八年来免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。
11.C
根据第一段可知，Paul Wilson 确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。由此可以推知，该句应指：Wilson 给那些学生提供
免费的乘车服务。故C 选项正确。
12.D
根据上文中的“free rides”可知，Wilson 是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给那些学生的。故D 选项正确。
13.B
Wilson 让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程64,000 英里。表示“行走一段路程”，应用cover。B 选项正确。
14.D
Wilson 在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间肯定有“谈话，交谈”，故D 选项正确。
15.B
根据上文可知，Wilson 每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。该空应该对应上
一句中的“he transports to and from school”，故B 选项正确。drive 意为“驾车送（人）”。
16.A
这些学生将Wilson 当作他们的偶像和朋友，有的甚至称他为“爷爷”。该空表示递进，故A 选项正确。
17.B
根据后面的介词from 可以推知，Tina Stern 从Wilson 那儿获得免费的乘车机会。B 选项正确。
18.A
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对Tina Stern 来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。A 选项正确。transportation 意为“运送”。
19.B
Tina 说：“那不仅仅是坐车而已。你并不只是坐在那儿，陷入令人尴尬的沉默中，也不是戴着耳麦坐在那儿。”
坐
在车里，彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。故B 选项正确。
20.D
在坐车的时候，Wilson 会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。D 选项正确。
21.C
在坐车的时候，Wilson 会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候，
Wilson 会检查上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson 会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。
故C 选项正确。
22.D
根据上一句中的“programme”可知，D 选项正确。Wilson 最初通过一个非盈利组织On Point for College 的一个项目作
一名司机。该项目只要求它的成员们接送孩子们上下学。
23.C
结合下文中提到的“If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to ____ them. If they run out of…If a student
gets hungry…”可知，Wilson 的所作所为超过了该项目的要求。故C 选项正确。
24.A
如果孩子们在登记方面有问题，Wilson 会去帮助他们（解决相关的问题）。A 选项正确。
25.D
从上文举的例子可知，该部分都表达的是Wilson 对孩子们的帮助。因此该处应指：当孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的
时候，Wilson 都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。D 选项正确。
26.C
根据下文中“Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others….For them, riding with Wilson has ____ them to
complete their education”可以推知，对于那些乘车有困难的学生来说，乘坐Wilson 的车对于他们完成大学教育来说
是必须的。C 选项正确。
27.A
有的学生没法得到可靠的汽车，有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆。表示“共用”，需用share。A 选
项正确。
28.B
乘坐Wilson 的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育。表示“使得某人做某事，使某人能够做某事”应该用allow sb. to do
sth.。故B 选项正确。
29.A
Wilson 认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。A 选项正确。
30.C
Wilson 认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。在这个过程中，他认识了这些学生，听到他们的故事，他
认为这是自己的“荣幸”，故C 选项正确：荣幸，荣耀。
4. 【2019·浙江卷】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸
上将该项涂黑。
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the ___36___ the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And
that’s precisely why one ___37___ Frenchman has caught our attention.
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving ___38___ on discarded(丢弃)food. The three-month, 1 900-mile
journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s ___39___ of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the
world.
As you can ___40___, the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants ___41___ tons of food each year, much of it
remains inaccessible because of ___42___ garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in
ten places ___43___ him food that would otherwise be discarded.
For legal ___44___, most restaurants have a policy against ___45___ food waste. "Some people have even ___46___
their jobs by giving me food," Dubanchet said.
What's ___47___ interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the
___48___ while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to ___49___ at some ___50___ different
stores or restaurants before finding food. The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the ___51___ exercise required
to bike from France to Poland.
"I have to get food ___52___ because after all the biking I am tired and I need the ___53___,"
Dubanchet explained. "Is my ___54___ full or empty? That is the most important thing, not what I am eating."
He aims to ___55___ his journey by mid-July. With any luck, he’ll turn a few more heads in the process.
36. A. cleverer
B. older
C. stranger
D. simpler
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37. A. garbage-eating
B. sports-loving
C. food-wasting
D. law-breaking
38. A. secretly
B. finally
C. entirely
D. probably
39. A. purpose
B. way
C. opinion
D. dream
40. A. observe
B. imagine
C. suggest
D. remember
41. A. store
B. cook
C. shop for
D. throw away
42. A. locked
B. damaged
C. connected
D. abandoned
43. A. bought
B. offered
C. ordered
D. sold
44. A. reasons
B. rights
C. fees
D. aids
45. A. begging for
B. giving away
C. hiding
D. causing
46. A. did
B. kept
C. accepted
D. risked
47. A. hardly
B. usually
C. particularly
D. merely
48. A. easiest
B. nearest
C. biggest
D. richest
49. A. work
B. shout
C. ask
D. jump
50. A. competition
B. conversation
C. conflict
D. challenge
51. A. adequate
B. rewarding
C. demanding
D. suitable
52. A. again
B. alone
C. later
D. fast
53. A. spirit
B. energy
C. time
D. effort
54. A. stomach
B. hand
C. pocket
D. basket
55. A. arrange
B. restart
C. report
D. finish
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意，Baptiste Dubanchet 骑着
自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存。
36. C【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据Usually, the 36 the idea is, the more it gets noticed.可知这里意思是通常，这个观
点越奇怪，它就会越受到关注。A. cleverer 更聪明的；B. older 更老的；C. stranger 更奇怪；D. simpler 更简单的，故
选C。
37. A【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving 38 on discarded(丢弃) food.
可知这里意思是那就是为什么一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意。A. garbage-eating 吃垃圾的；B. sports-loving
爱好体育的；C. food-wasting 浪费食物的；D. law-breaking 破坏法律的，故选A。
38. C【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：Baptiste Dubanchet 骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存。A.secretly 秘
密地；B. finally 最后；C. entirely 完全地；D. probably 很可能，故选C。
39. B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：从巴黎到华沙历时三个月、1900 英里的旅程，是Dubanchet 引起欧洲和全世界
对食物残羹注意的道路。A.purpose 目的；B.way 道路；C.opinion 意见；D. dream 梦想，故选B。
40. B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：你可以想象，这次旅行不是小菜一碟。A. observe 观察；B. imagine 想象；C. suggest
建议；D. remember 记得，故选B。
41. D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然餐馆每年扔掉大量的食物，但由于垃圾容器上锁、卫生规定或商业政
策，很多食物仍然难以接近。A . store 存储；B.cook 做饭；C. shop for 购买某物；D. throw away 扔掉，故选D。
42.A【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据it remains inaccessible 可知这里意思是垃圾容器上锁。A.locked 上锁的；B . damaged
被损坏的；C.connected 连接的；D. abandoned 被抛弃的，故选A。
43. B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：只有大约十分之一的地方给他提供了食物，否则就会被丢弃。A.bought 买；B. offered
提供；C . ordered 命令；D. sold 销售，故选B。
44. A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止浪费食物的政策。A.reasons 原因；B. rights
权利；C.fees 费用；D. aids 援助，故选A。
45.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。A. begging for
乞求；B. giving away 分发；C . hiding 隐藏；D. causing 造成，故选B。
46. D【解析】考查动词辨析。上文说由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。可知这里意思是有
些人甚至冒着失业的危险给我食物。A.did 做；B. kept 保持；C.accepted 接受；
D. risked 冒…的危险，故选D。
47. C【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：特别有趣的是各个城市对Dubanchet 事件的态度。A.hardly 几乎不；
B. usually 通常；C . particularly 特别是；D . merely 仅仅，故选C。
48. A【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.可知这里意思是柏林是最容
易的。A.easiest 最容易的；B . nearest 最近的；C . biggest 最大的；D. richest 最富有的，故选A。
49. C【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：在那里，他必须在大约50 家不同的商店或餐馆询问，才能找到食物。A.work
工作；B. shout 呼喊；C.ask 询问；D. jump 跳跃，故选C。
50. D【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻了。
A. competition 竞赛；B. conversation 会话；C. conflict 冲突；D. challenge 挑战，故选D。
51. C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻
了。A. adequate 充足的；B. rewarding 有益的；C. demanding 要求高的；D. suitable 适当的，故选C。
52.D 【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：我必须快点吃东西，因为骑了那么多自行车，我累了，我需要能量。A.again
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再一次；B. alone 独自地；C . later 后来；D. fast 迅速地，故选D。
53. B【解析】考查名词辨析。根据because after all the biking I am tired 可知我需要能量。A.spirit 精神；
B . energy 能量；C.time 时间；D. effort 努力，故选B。
54.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.可知这里意思是我的胃是满
的还是空的。A. stomach 胃；B. hand 手；C. pocket 口袋；D. basket 篮子，故选A。
55. D【解析】考查动词辨析。根据With any luck, he'll tum a few more heads in the process.可知这里意思是他计划在
七月中旬结束他的旅行。A.arrange 安排；B . restart 重新开始；C. report 报告；
D. finish 结束，故选D。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had
been 13 years since I’d
41
seen him. So imagine my
42
when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit
me.
I was
43
! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to
44
. The bay was
45
in sunshine,
and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little
46
, I realized one kayak（皮划艇）was
in
47
. ＂Something’s not
48
!＂I took off my T-shirt and
49
into the water. I saw there were two
instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was
50
violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors.
I helped
51
the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something
52
to
me. Those brown eyes were very
53
. ＂What’s his name?＂I asked the instructor. ＂Ben,＂he replied, and
immediately I
54
. That stranger was my son!
The instructors called for an ambulance.
55
, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to
56
and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben
57
to me. ＂I just want to
say thank you,＂he said. ＂You
58
my life!＂
I still can’t believe what a
59
it was. I’m just so glad I was there
60
to help my son.
41. A. also
B. often
C. even
D. last
42. A. delight
B. relief
C. anger
D. worry
43. A. scared
B. shocked
C. thrilled
D. ashamed
44. A. talk
B. stay
C. meet
D. settle
45. A. bathed
B. clean
C. deep
D. formed
46. A. faster
B. closer
C. heavier
D. wiser
47. A. trouble
B. advance
C. question
D. battle
48. A. real
B. right
C. fair
D. fit
49. A. stared
B. sank
C. dived
D. fell
50. A. arguing
B. fighting
C. shouting
D. shaking
51. A. lead
B. persuade
C. carry
D. keep
52. A. happened
B. occurred
C. applied
D. appealed
53. A. sharp
B. pleasant
C. attractive
D. familiar
54. A. agreed
B. hesitated
C. doubted
D. knew
55. A. Fortunately
B. Frankly
C. Sadly
D. Suddenly
56. A. return
B. relax
C. speak
D. leave
57. A. joked
B. turned
C. listened
D. pointed
58. A. created
B. honored
C. saved
D. guided
59. A. coincidence
B. change
C. pity
D. pain
60. A. on board
B. in time
C. for sure
D. on purpose
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者13 年后和儿子见面的情景。在和儿子见面的地点，作者救了一个
年轻人，没有想到的是，年轻人竟然是自己13 年未见的儿子。
41.D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据空前句中可知，儿子在三岁的时候离开，到现在已经13 年了。由此可以暗
示出是上一次见面。A. also 也；B. often 经常；C. even 甚至；D. last 上一次，故选D 项切题。
42.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，13 年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子的电子邮件，并且
说要来看自己。由此可以推知，我很快乐、开心。A. delight 高兴，愉快；B. relief (痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减
轻；C. anger 怒，忿怒；D. worry 担心。故选A 项切题。
43.C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据第一段可知，作者13 年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子要来拜访自
己的电子邮件，肯定是欣喜若狂。A. scared 惊恐的；B. shocked 震惊的；C. thrilled 欣喜若狂的；D. ashamed
惭愧的。故选C 项切题。
44.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据空前可知，我很早就到了拜伦湾，我们应该在那里见
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面。A. talk 谈话；B. stay 停留；
C. meet 见面；D. settle 解决。故选C 项切题。
45.A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，早晨海湾应该是沐浴在阳光里。A. bathed 沐浴；B. clean
清扫；C. deep 深处；D. formed 形成。故选A 项切题。
46.B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识和下文儿子出现意外情况可知，只有是离的比较近一点，才能意识
到一只皮划艇出现意外。A. faster 迅速的；B. closer 靠近，逼近(其他船只等)；C. heavier 重的，沉重的；D. wiser
有智慧的；聪明的。故选B 项切题。
47.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文儿子出现意外情况可知，一只皮筏艇处于麻烦之中。A. trouble 麻烦，
困难；B. advance 前进，进展；C. question 问题，疑问；D. battle 战斗，战役。故选A 项切题。
48.B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据上句皮划艇处于麻烦之中可知，某件事不正常。A. real 真实的；B. right
正确的，正常的；C. fair 公平的；D. fit 合适的。故选B 项切题。
49.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上文皮划艇有麻烦和下文我去帮忙救人可知，我脱掉我的T 恤衫，跳入水
中。A. stared 盯着看，目不转睛地看，凝视；B. sank 下沉，沉没；C. dived 潜水，跳水；D. fell 打倒；击倒。
故选C 项切题。
50.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上文a man lying across the middle 和下文He was unconscious 可知，应该是
剧烈的颤抖、摇动。A. arguing 争论，辩论；B. fighting 打架；C. shouting 呼喊；D. shaking 摇动。故选D 项切
题。
51.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我帮助把年轻人带出水面。A. lead 领导，引导，带领；B. persuade 说服，劝服；
C. carry 搬运，装运；D. keep 保持；保存，保留；故选C 项切题。
52.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，当我看着他的脸时，我想到了一些事情。occur 跟to 短语时，
表示“想到”，而不是“发生”，happen 后接不定式，是"碰巧"的意思。故选B 项切题。
53.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文，“What’s his name?”可知，他棕色的眼睛对我来说是很熟悉的。A. sharp
锐利的；锋利的；B. pleasant 愉快的，快乐的，舒适的；C. attractive 有吸引力的；引人注目的；D. familiar 亲
密的，熟悉的。故选D 项切题。
54.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“That stranger was my son”可知，我马上就知道。A. agreed 同意，赞成，
承认，答应；B. hesitated 犹豫，踌躇；C. doubted 怀疑；疑惑；D. knew 知道，了解。故选D 项切题。
55.A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据空后句子可知，应该是幸运地。A. Fortunately 幸运地，侥幸地；B. Frankly
率直地，坦白地，真诚地；C. Sadly 悲哀地，悲伤地；D. Suddenly 突然地，忽然地；故选A 项切题。
56.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据空前was well enough 可知，应该是被允许出院。A. return 返回；报答；B. relax
放松，休息；C. speak 说；D. leave 离开。故选D 项切题。
57.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“I just want to say thank you”可知，Ben 转向我向我说谢谢。A. joked 开
玩笑；B. turned 转向；C. listened 听；D. pointed 指出。故选B 项切题。
58.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I helped carry the man out of the water”可知，应该是挽救了我的生命。
A. created 创造；创作；B. honored 尊敬；尊重；给与荣誉；C. saved 救，拯救；D. guided 指导，指挥；故选
C 项切题。
59.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。我没有想到这是多么巧合的一件事呀!A. coincidence 巧合，巧事；B. change 改
变，变更，变换；C. pity 怜悯，同情；D. pain 疼痛；痛苦。故选A 项切题。
60.B
【解析】考查介词词组词义辨析。我高兴的是我在那儿及时帮助了我的儿子。A. on board 在船上；B. in time
及时；C. for sure 肯定；D. on purpose 目的。故选B 项切题。
【知识拓展】occur 和happen 的区别
1. occur 是比较正式的用语，可用于具体或抽象的事物，通常指按计划或规律在较为确定的时间“发生”的事。跟to
短语时，表示“想到”，而不是“发生”。例如：Something occurred 意思是“某事发生了”。
An idea occurs to me that going to Switzerland for traveling will be marvelous! 我想到去瑞士旅游会很棒!
2. happen 常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，是不及物动词。例如：How did the accident
happen? 这事故是怎样发生的?
If anything happens, please let me know. 有什么事发生，请告诉我。
如果happen 后接不定式，是“碰巧”的意思。如：
I happened to meet him on my way home. 我在回家的路上碰巧遇到他。
注意：happen 和happen to 都是不及物动词或短语，不能用于被动语态。
2.【2018·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say ＂sorry,
41
number!＂and move on. But when Dennis Williams
42
a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he
did something
43
.
On March 19, Dennis got a group text
44
him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for
the
45
of a baby.
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第152 页共218 页
＂Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken,＂Dennis
46
. The baby was born and update texts
were
47
quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. In her
48
, she didn’t seem to realize that she
was
49
the baby’s photos with a complete stranger. ＂Well, I don’t
50
you all but I will get there to take
pictures with the baby,＂replied Dennis before asking which room the new
51
were in.
Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his
52
! He turned up at the hospital
53
gifts for the new
mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally
54
by the unexpected visit. ＂I don’t think we
would have randomly invited him over but we
55
it and the gifts.＂
Teresa
56
a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website
57
by the touching
words: ＂What a
58
this young man was to our family! He was so
59
and kind to do this.＂The post has
since gained the
60
of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes
in just three days.
41. A. unlucky
B. secret
C. new
D. wrong
42. A. received
B. translated
C. copied
D. printed
43. A. reasonable
B. special
C. necessary
D. practical
44. A. convincing
B. reminding
C. informing
D. warning
45. A. wake-up
B. recovery
C. growth
D. arrival
46. A. responded
B. interrupted
C. predicted
D. repeated
47. A. coming in
B. setting out
C. passing down
D. moving around
48. A. opinion
B. anxiety
C. excitement
D. effort
49. A. comparing
B. exchanging
C. discussing
D. sharing
50. A. accept
B. know
C. believe
D. bother
51. A. parents
B. doctors
C. patients
D. visitors
52. A. dream
B. promise
C. agenda
D. principle
53. A. bearing
B. collecting
C. opening
D. making
54. A. discouraged
B. relaxed
C. astonished
D. defeated
55. A. admit
B. need
C. appreciate
D. expect
56. A. found
B. selected
C. developed
D. posted
57. A. confirmed
B. simplified
C. clarified
D. accompanied
58. A. pity
B. blessing
C. relief
D. problem
59. A. smart
B. calm
C. sweet
D. fair
60. A. sympathy
B. attention
C. control
D. trust
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dennis Williams 认真对待陌生人的信息，使陌生人倍受感动的故
事。
41. D 【解析】考查形容词。根据后文But when Dennis Williams
42
a text that clearly wasn't intended for him,
he did something
43
以及后文他所做的事情可以得知，大部分人会回应拨错号了。A. unlucky 不幸的；
B. secret 秘密的；C. new 新的；D. wrong 错误的。故选D。
42.A
【解析】考查动词。根据文章第一句When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown
person 可以推知，他接到了电话。A. received 收到；B. translated 翻译；C. copied 复制；D. printed 印刷。故
选A。
43.B 【解析】考查形容词。根据后文内容可知，他做了与众不同的事情，所以用special 合适。A. reasonable 合理的；
B. special 特别的；C. necessary 必要的；D. practical 现实可行的。
44.C 【解析】考查动词。根据后句a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the ____ of a baby.可知，这
对陌生夫妇是在告诉他这个消息。A. convincing 让人信服的；B. reminding 提醒；C. informing 通知；D. warning
警告。故选C。
45.D 【解析】考查名词。根据下文The baby was born 可知，他们在等候新生儿的到来。A. wake-up 醒来；B. recovery
恢复；C. growth 成长；D. arrival 到来。故选D。
46. A 【解析】考查动词。根据前句内容可知，这是Dennis 的回复。A. responded 回复；B. interrupted 打断；C. predicted
预料；D. repeated 重复。故选A。
47.A 【解析】考查动词短语。根据本句The baby was born and update texts were
47
quickly from the overjoyed
grandmother, Teresa.可知，消息很快再次进来。A. coming in 进来；B. setting out 着手；C. passing down 使流传；
D. moving around 走来走去。故选Ａ。
48. C【解析】考查名词。根据本句In her
48
, she didn’t seem to realize that she was
49
the baby’s photos
with a complete stranger.可知，这位妈妈太兴奋，没有意识到把照片分享给了陌生人。A. opinion 观点；B. anxiety
焦虑；C. excitement 兴奋；D. effort 努力。故选C。
49.D 【解析】考查动词。根据后文I will get there to take pictures with the baby replied Dennis before asking which room
the new 51 were in 可知，Dennis 收到了Teresa 发来的照片，所以是她跟陌生人分享了照片。A. comparing 比
较；B. exchanging 交换；C. discussing 讨论；D. sharing 分享。故选D。
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50.B 【解析】考查动词。根据前文Dennis got a group text
44
him that a couple he didn’t know 可知，Dennis
不认识他们。A. accept 接受；B. know 认识，了解；C. believe 相信；D. bother 打扰，麻烦。故选Ｂ。
51.A 【解析】考查名词。根据前文可以推知，这对夫妇为新父母。A. parents 父母；B. doctors 医生；C. patients 病
人；D. visitors 游客。故选A。
52.B 【解析】考查名词。根据后文He turned up at the hospital
53
gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby
boy.可知，他坚守了自己对于新妈妈Lindsey 和她的孩子礼物的承诺。A. dream 梦想；B. promise 承诺；C. agenda
会议议程；D. principle 原则。故选B。
53.A 【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知，他是拿着礼物来的。A. bearing 携带，拿；B. collecting 收集；C. opening
打开；D. making 制造。故选A。
54.C 【解析】考查形容词。根据unexpected 可知，她丈夫是十分惊讶。A. discouraged 沮丧；B. relaxed 放松的；C.
astonished 吃惊的；D. defeated 打败的。故选C。
55.C 【解析】考查动词。根据语境以及后文往网上发帖可知，Teresa 夫妇十分感激Dennis 的到来以及带来的礼物。
A. admit 承认；B. need 需要；C. appreciate 感激；D. expect 期望。故选C。
56.D【解析】考查动词。根据后文The post has since gained the 60 of social media users all over the world, receiving more
than 184,000 shares and 61, 500 likes in just three days.可知，她把照片贴到了网上。A. found 发现；B. selected
选择；C. developed 发展；D. posted 发帖。故选D。
57.D【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知，照片后面附着一段感人的文字。A. confirmed 确定；B. simplified 简化；C. clarified
分类；D. accompanied 伴随着。故选D。
58.B 【解析】考查名词。根据语境可推知，这位母亲认为这位年轻的陌生人来看望宝宝是上帝的祝福。A. pity 同情，
怜悯；B. blessing 祝福；C. relief 放松，如释重负；D. problem 问题。故选B。
59.C【解析】考查形容词。根据语境He was so 59 and kind to do this.可知，与kind 并列，所以用sweet，表甜美善良。
A. smart 聪明的；B. calm 冷静的；C. sweet 甜美的；D. fair 公平的。故选C。
60. B 【解析】考查名词。根据文章最后一句The post has since gained the 60 of social media users all over the world,
receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61, 500 likes in just three days.可知，三天里有184,000 人分享，61,500
点赞，所以是引起了极大关注。A. sympathy 同情；B. attention 关注；C. control 控制；D. trust 信任。故选B。
3.【2018·北京卷】
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。
The Homeless Hero
For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But
the
16
would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the
actions of the homeless Tom Smith
17
more remarkable.
After spotting a
18
on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for
about two hours waiting for the
19
to return.
After hours in the cold and wet, he
20
inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could
contact（联系）the driver, only to
21
it contained £400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it.
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after
22
a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.
When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth £35,
000—in Glasgow city centre, they were
23
to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them
what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was
24
.
The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his
25
.
Mr. Anderson said: ＂I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets
tonight
26
he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and
27
he
didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others
28
. It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are
29
guys out there.＂
Mr. Smith’s act
30
much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr.
Anderson
31
about the act of kindness on Facebook.
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to
32
money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in
the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown
33
him has
touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job
34
and all sorts,＂Mr. Anderson
commented.
For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing
35
. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves
another.
16. A. hope
B. aim
C. urge
D. effort
17. A. still
B. even
C. ever
D. once
18. A. wallet
B. bag
C. box
D. parcel
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19. A. partner
B. colleague
C. owner
D. policeman
20. A. turned
B. hid
C. stepped
D. reached
21. A. discover
B. collect
C. check
D. believe
22. A. taking
B. leaving
C. reading
D. writing
23. A. satisfied
B. excited
C. amused
D. shocked
24. A. safe
B. missing
C. found
D. seen
25. A. service
B. support
C. kindness
D. encouragement
26. A. when
B. if
C. where
D. because
27. A. rather
B. yet
C. already
D. just
28. A. too
B. though
C. again
D. instead
29. A. honest
B. polite
C. rich
D. generous
30. A. gave
B. paid
C. cast
D. drew
31. A. learned
B. posted
C. cared
D. heard
32. A. borrow
B. raise
C. save
D. earn
33. A. of
B. at
C. for
D. in
34. A. details
B. changes
C. offers
D. applications
35. A. lesson
B. adventure
C. chance
D. challenge
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。文章讲述了流浪汉Tom 发现一辆车窗开着的汽车前座上有一个钱包。
Tom 冒雨等了数个小时，在查找不到车主身份的情况下将钱包交到了警察局。钱包的主人Mr. Anderson 在得知一切
后，将Tom 的善举发布到了Facebook 上。Tom 的行为引发了人们的好评和帮助。这件事印证了一句俗语：善有善
报。
16.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. hope 希望；B. aim 目标；C. urge 强烈的欲望，冲动；D. effort 努力。上一句提
到，对很多人来说，一个装有£400 无人看管的钱包是一种诱惑（它诱惑着人们将其据为己有）。结合该句中
的比较级greater 可知，对于一个无家可归的人来说，这样的一个钱包是一个更大的诱惑，将其据为己有的欲
望会更大。该空对应上一句中的“a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）”，C 选项正确。
17.B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. still 仍然；B. even 更加，愈发，甚至；C. ever 曾经；D. once 曾经，一度。所
有这一切使得流浪汉Tom Smith 的行为更加的不同寻常。even 在该句中修饰比较级more remarkable。B 选项
正确。
18.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. wallet 钱包；B. bag 包；C. box 盒子，箱子；D. parcel 包裹，包袱。由第三段中
的After hours in the cold and wet, he
20
inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID 可知，
Tom Smith 发现一辆汽车的前排座上有一个钱包。当时这辆车停在那儿，窗户摇了下来。A 选项正确。
19.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. partner 同伴，伙伴；B. colleague 同事；C. owner 主人；D. policeman 警察。Tom
冒雨等待车主回来。C 选项正确。
20.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. turned 转动；B. hid 藏，隐藏；C. stepped 迈步，举步；D. reached 伸手去拿，
到达。由后面的pulled the wallet out 可知，在雨里等了数个小时后，Tom 将手伸进车窗，将钱包拿了出来。
D 选项正确。
21.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. discover 发现；B. collect 搜集；C. check 核对，检查；D. believe 相信。Tom 将
钱包拿出来企图找到一些身份证明，这样他就能联系司机了，结果他却发现钱包里装着£400 的纸币和£50 的
零钱。A 选项正确。
22.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. taking 带走；B. leaving 留下，落下，离开；C. reading 读；D. writing 写。他拿
着钱包去了附近的警察局，在车上留下了一张便条，其目的是让车主知道他的钱包是安全的。B 选项正确。
23.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. satisfied 满意的；B. excited 兴奋的；C. amused 被逗乐的；D. shocked 震惊的。
当车主返回时，发现自己的车边有警察，应该感到很惊讶。故D 选项正确。
24.A 【解析】考查形容词/动词词义辨析。A. safe 安全的；B. missing 不见的，丢失的；C. found 发现，找到；D. seen
看见。由该段开头可知，Tom 将钱包带去了警察局，因此该处警察告诉John 他的钱包是安全的。A 选项正确。
25.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. service 服务；B. support 支持；C. kindness 善意，善良；D. encouragement 鼓励。
Tom 将钱包交给警察，没有据为己有，这是一种善举。故C 选项正确。
26.A 【解析】考查状语从句引导词。A. when 在……情况下，既然；B. if 如果；C. where 表地点；D. because 因为。
在Tom 本来可以偷了钱去支付一个可以睡觉的地方的情况下，他仍然选择了露宿街头（没有偷钱）。所以Mr.
Anderson 对Tom 的行为感到很惊讶。A 选项正确。
27.B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. rather 相当；B. yet 但是；C. already 已经；D. just 仅仅。Tom 什么都没有，但
是他没有拿走钱包。前后两句话之间是转折关系，故B 选项正确。
28D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. too 也；B. though 但是；C. again 再，又；D. instead 代替。Tom 没有拿走钱包，
他考虑的是别人，没有考虑自己。D 选项正确。
29.A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. honest 诚实的；B. polite 礼貌的；C. rich 富有的；D. generous 慷慨的。Tom
没有拿走钱包，而是把它交到了警察局，这是一种诚实的行为。A 选项正确。
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30.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. gave 给；B. paid 支付；C. cast 投掷，投射；D. drew 吸引。Tom 的行为吸引了
公众的关注。D 选项正确。
31.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. learned 学习，学会；B. posted 发布，张贴；C. cared 关心，在意；D. heard 听
到。由后面的Facebook(一个社交网站)可知，在Mr. Anderson 将Tom 的善举发布到Facebook 上之后，Tom 赢
得了社交媒体使用者的赞扬。B 选项正确。
32.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. borrow 借；B. raise 筹集；C. save 挽救，节省；D. earn 挣（钱）。Mr. Anderson
在网上发起一个运动来为Tom 和其他无家可归的人筹钱。B 选项正确。
33.D 【解析】考查介词。大家向Tom 表示出的信任触动了Tom。faith 意为“信任，相信”，常和介词in 搭配，意为“对……
的信任，相信……”，故D 选项正确。
34.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. details 细节；B. changes 改变；C. offers 提供（物），给予（物），提议；D. applications
应用，申请。该句应指Tom 得到了人们的帮助，人们为他提供工作和其他的东西。C 选项正确。
35.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. lesson 课；B. adventure 冒险；C. chance 机会；D. challenge 挑战。这件事对于
流浪汉Tom 来说是一个可以改变终生的机会。C 选项正确。
点睛：1. 完形填空解题技巧之一：上下联系—寻信息。完形填空中经常会出现前面的信息为后面的空白提供暗示，
而后面的信息有可能是前面空白的答案的情况。这时，要联系上下文，寻求信息以确定答案。第18 小题，考生可
以根据前两句中的“wallet”和第三段中的“wallet”来确定答案。
2. 完形填空解题技巧二：左顾右盼—找搭配。英语中，有些单词词义相近，而句型结构及跟其他词的搭配却截然不
同。考生不能单从词义上去辨析，而应审查空白前后的名词、动词、介词或非谓语动词等，比较与各选项的搭配关
系，然后确定答案。在33 题中，考生可以根据该空前的faith 确定搭配关系。如果考生从show 来入手，那么就很
困难了。
4.【2018·天津卷】
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35 各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own
16
.
I learned this lesson from a(n)
17
many years ago. I took the head
18
job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It
was a small school with a weak football program.
It was a tradition for the school’s old team to play against the
19
team at the end of spring practice. The old
team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to
20
the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited
because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I couldn’t
21
I had got into such
a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to
22
that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but
they were
23
me. I had to change my
24
about their ability and potential.
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little
25
. Most important, I began to treat them like
26
.
That summer, When the other teams enjoyed their
27
, we met every day and
28
passing and kicking the
football.
Six months after suffering our
29
on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and
continued to
30
. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a
31
for us even if we
lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest
32
of my life!
From the experience I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can
33
the members of a team. Instead
of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and
34
them. I helped them to see themselves
35
, and they built themselves
into winners.
Winners are made, but born.
16. A. luck
B. tests
C. efforts
D. nature
17. A. experiment
B. experience
C. visit
D. show
18. A. operating
B. editing
C. consulting
D. coaching
19. A. successful
B. excellent
C. strong
D. new
20. A. cheer for
B. prepare for
C. help with
D. finish with
21. A. believe
B. agree
C. describe
D. regret
22. A. realize
B. claim
C. permit
D. demand
23. A. reacting to
B. looking for
C. depending on
D. caring about
24. A. decision
B. attitude
C. conclusion
D. intention
25. A. pride
B. culture
C. fortune
D. relationship
26. A. leaders
B. partners
C. winners
D. learners
27. A. rewards
B. vacations
C. health
D. honor
28. A. risked
B. missed
C. considered
D. practiced
29. A. defeat
B. decline
C. accident
D. mistake
30. A. relax
B. improve
C. expand
D. def31. A. shame
B. burden
C. victory
D. favor
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32. A. chances
B. thrills
C. concerns
D. offers
33. A. surprise
B. serve
C. interest
D. affect
34. A. encouraged
B. observed
C. protected
D. impressed
35. A. honestly
B. individually
C. calmly
D. differently
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学校的新队。
作者开始反思，不停的训练和鼓励队员，最终不可思议的赢得州里最强的对手。从这次经历中，作者感悟到：没有
人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。
16.C 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. luck 幸运；B. tests 测试；C. efforts 努力；D. nature 自然。根据前一句
No one is born a winner.（没有人天生就是赢家），根据常识可知，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。故选C。
17.B 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A .experiment 实验；B. experience 经历；C. visit 参观；D. show 展示。根
据下文可知，作者是从一次经历中得出这样的教训的。故选B。
18.D 【解析】考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. operating 操作；B. editing 编辑；C. consulting 咨询；D. coaching 指导。
根据后文Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my
disappointment we were defeated.可知，作者在一所学校担任总教练工作。故选D。
19.D 【解析】考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. successful 成功的；B. excellent 杰出的；C. strong 强壮的；D. new
新的。根据前半句It was a tradition for the school’s old team 中的old team 提示可知，春季训练结束时，学校
新老队伍对抗是一个传统。故选D。
20.B 【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. cheer for 为……欢呼；B. prepare for 为……准备；C. help with 帮助
某人做……；D. finish with 结束于；和. ……断绝关系。老队没有教练，他们甚至不练习来准备比赛。故选B。
21.A 【解析】考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. believe 相信；B. agree 同意；C. describe 描述；D. regret 后悔。根据
前句but to my disappointment we were defeated.可知，作者不能相信会遇到这样的情况。故选A。
22.A 【解析】考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. realize 意识到；B. claim 宣称；C. permit 允许；D. demand 要求。短语
come to realize 开始意识到。我开始意识到我的队也许不是佐治亚州头号队伍。故选A。
23.C 【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. reacting to 对……起反应；B. looking for 寻找；C. depending on 依
靠；D. caring about 关心。但他们都在依靠我。故选C。
24.B 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. decision 决定；B. attitude 态度；C. conclusion 结论；D. intention 意图。
我不得不改变我对他们能力和潜力的态度。故选B。
25.A 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. pride 自豪，自尊心；B. culture 文化；C. fortune 幸运；D. relationship
关系。我开始做任何我能做的事情来帮助他们建立一点自尊心。故选A。
26.C 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. leaders 领导；B. partners 伙伴；C. winners 获胜者；D. learners 学习者。
根据后文Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and____19____them.以及文中最后一句提示可知，作者
开始像获胜者对待他们。故选C。
27.B 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. reward 报酬；B. vacations 假期；C. health 健康；D. honor 荣誉。根据
That summer 可知，当其它队队员享受着他们假期的时候。故选B。
28.D 【解析】考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. risked 冒险；B. missed 错过；C. considered 考虑；D. practiced 练习。
根据上文The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to ____5____the game.提示可得出答案。这里
指练习传球和踢球。故选D。
29.A 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. defeat 打败；B. decline 跌落；C. accident 事故；D. mistake 错误。根
据上文but to my disappointment we were defeated.提示可得出答案。在春季训练赛场遭受失败之后。故选A。
30.B 【解析】考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. relax 放松；B. improve 提高，改善；C. expand 扩大；D. defend 防御。
根据前句we won our first game and our second 可知，我们继续在提高。故选B。
31.C 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. shame 羞愧；B. burden 负担；C. victory 胜利；D. favor 赞成。即使我
们输掉比赛，我们感觉它会是一场胜利。故选C。
32.B 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. chances 机会；B. thrills 激动；C. concerns 关心；D. offers 提供。根据
前句My boys beat the best team in Georgia 可知，是作者一生中最激动人心的一次！故选B。
33.D 【解析】考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. surprise 惊讶；B. serve 服务；C. interest 兴趣；D. offers 提供。从这次
经历，我意识到领袖的态度如何能够呈现给队里的每个成员。故选D。
34.A 【解析】考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. encouraged 鼓励；B. observed 观察；C. protected 保护；D. impressed
影响。根据I pushed 可知，作者在推动和鼓励他们。故选A。
35.D 【解析】考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. honestly 诚实地；B. individually 个别地；C. calmly 镇静地；D. differently
不同地。根据后句and they built themselves into winners.可知，我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选D。
【点睛】本文是一篇记叙类的完形填空，难度中等偏易。考生需认真阅读短文，仔细审题，主要的是要理解全文的
中心思想：没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。考生做题时，首先抓住文章开头的中心句，
然后要注意抓住故事情节，理解文章脉络，领会作者的写作意图，注重语境的理解，前后句之间的联系，在语境中
斟酌所选的答案。
5.【2018·江苏】
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请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。
Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been
36
to pay lawyers’ fees. To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed（诊断）with a
37
disease. There was
no
38
, only pain relief.
Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a
39
journey, as they caught sight of an old
hikers’(徒步旅行者）guide.
This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and
40
recovery. When leaving home, Raynor and
Moth had just ￡320 in the bank. They planned to keep the
41
low by living on boiled noodles, with the
42
hamburger shop treat.
Wild camping is
43
in England. To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up
44
and packed it away early in the morning. The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot
45
than
they remember it was in their 20s. Raynor
46
all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial
47
, found his symptoms were strangely
48
by their daily tiring journey.
49
, the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they
thought had
50
forever. ＂Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes
51
to a thread, but we
were alive.＂
During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer. She writes, ＂
52
had taken every
material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n)
53
written book. It had also given
me a
54
, either to leave that page
55
or to keep writing the story with hope. I chose hope.＂
36. A. drawn up
B. used up
C. backed up
D. kept up
37. A. mild
B. common
C. preventable
D. serious
38. A. cure
B. luck
C. care
D. promise
39. A. business
B. walking
C. bus
D. rail
40. A. expected
B. frightening
C. disappointing
D. surprising
41. A. budget
B. revenue
C. compensation
D. allowance
42. A. frequent
B. occasional
C. abundant
D. constant
43. A. unpopular
B. lawful
C. attractive
D. illegal
44. A. soon
B. early
C. late
D. slowly
45. A. harder
B. easier
C. cheaper
D. funnier
46. A. rolled
B. bled
C. ached
D. trembled
47. A. struggle
B. progress
C. excitement
D. research
48. A. developed
B. controlled
C. reduced
D. increased
49. A. Initially
B. Eventually
C. Temporarily
D. Consequently
50. A. gained
B. kept
C. wounded
D. lost
51. A. sewn
B. washed
C. worn
D. ironed
52. A. Doctors
B. Hiking
C. Lawyers
D. Homelessness
53. A. well
B. partly
C. neatly
D. originally
54. A. choice
B. reward
C. promise
D. break
55. A. loose
B. full
C. blank
D. missing
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Winn 夫妇投资失败变得一无所有，更糟糕的是丈夫被诊断为重
疾。然而他们没有放弃，决定徒步野外旅行。出乎意料的是，丈夫的症状渐渐减少了，夫妇二人变得越来越强壮了，
妻子也开始了自然作家的生涯。
36.B
【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. drawn up 起草；B. used up 用光；C. backed up 拥堵；D. kept up
保持。根据后面的to pay lawyers’ fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。
37.D
【解析】考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. mild
温和的；B. common 共同的；C. preventable 可预防的；D.
serious 严重的。根据后句There was no
38
, only pain relief.可知，Moth 被诊断为严重的疾病。故选D。
38.A
【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. cure 对策；B. luck 幸运；C. care 关心；D. promise 诺言。名词cure
在这里表示“治疗的方法”。没有任何治疗的方法，只有止疼。故选A。
39.B
【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. business 事务；B. walking 走；C. bus 公交；D. rail 栏杆。根据后句
as they caught sight of an old hikers’(徒步旅行者）guide.可知，他们决定作一次徒步旅行。故选B。
40.D
【解析】考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. expected 预期的；B. frightening 令人害怕的；C. disappointing 令人
失望的；D. surprising 令人惊讶的。这是一次漫长的旅程，经历了不寻常的艰苦和惊人的恢复。故选D。
41.A 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. budget 预算；B. revenue 税收；C. compensation
赔偿；D. allowance
津贴。他们计划靠吃煮面条来维持低预算。故选A。
42.B【解析】考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. frequent 频繁的；B. occasional 偶尔的；C. abundant 大量的；D. constant
不断的。偶尔到汉堡包店款待。故选B。
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43.D 【解析】考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. unpopular 不受欢迎的；B. lawful 合法的；C. attractive 吸引人的；D.
illegal 非法的。根据后句To avoid being caught,可知，在英国，野营是非法的。故选D。
44.C 【解析】考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. soon 不久；B. early 早的；C. late 迟的；D. slowly 慢慢地。根据后句
and packed it away early in the morning.中的early 提示可知，他们不得不晚些时候把帐篷搭起来。故选C。
45.A 【解析】考查形容词比较级以及对语境的理解。A. harder 更难的；B. easier 更容易的；C. cheaper 更便宜的；D.
funnier 可笑的。根据常识可知，Winns 夫妇很快发现在他们50 多岁的每日徒步旅行要比他们所记的在他们
20 多岁的每日徒步旅行要艰难的很多。故选A。
46.C 【解析】考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. rolled 滚动；B. bled 流血；C. ached 疼；D. trembled 发抖。根据常识
可知，Raynor 浑身疼。故选C。
47.A 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. struggle 斗争；B. progress 进展；C. excitement 激动；D. research 研究。
经过最初的与病魔作斗争。故选A。
48.C 【解析】考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. developed 发展；B. controlled 控制；C. reduced 减少；D. increased 增
加。发现他的症状不可思议的减少了。故选C。
49.B 【解析】考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. Initially 起初；B. Eventually 最终；C. Temporarily 临时地；D. Consequently
因此。最终，这对夫妇发现他们的身体变好了。故选B。
50.D 【解析】考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. gained 获得；B. kept 保持；C. wounded 受伤；D. lost 失去。根据前句
with re-found strong muscles 可知他们原以为永远失去的强壮的肌肉又再现了。故选D。
51.C 【解析】考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. sewn 缝；B. washed 洗；C. worn 穿破；D. ironed 熨。这里指他们的衣
服破成了线状物。故选C。
52.D 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. Doctors 医生；B. Hiking 徒步旅行；C. Lawyers 律师；D. Homelessness
无家可归。无家可归夺走了我所有的物质。故选D。
53.B 【解析】考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. well 好；B. partly 部分地；C. neatly 整洁地；D. originally 起初。在写
已好书中的部分，最后有一页空白页。故选B。
54.A 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. choice 选择；B. reward 报酬；C. promise 许诺；
D. break 休息。
根据后句either to leave that page
55
or to keep writing the story with hope.中either … or …可知这里是
一种选择。它也给我一种选择。故选A。
55.C 【解析】考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. loose 宽松的；B. full 满的；C. blank 空白的；D. missing 失踪的。根
据前文中an empty page at the end of a(n)
53
written book.可知要么留下那页空白，要么继续写着希望
的故事。故选C。
点睛：本篇完形填空讲述了一个励志故事，传递出面对人生逆境乐观以对的人生态度。题目难度属于中等。考生需
认真阅读短文，仔细审题，注意抓住故事情节，理解文章脉络，领会作者的写作意图，注重语境的理解，前后句之
间的联系，在语境中斟酌所选的答案。
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·北京卷】
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。
Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada. One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her
mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man
36
out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that
and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. Hannah was very
37
. She couldn’t understand why some
people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. Hannah started to think about how she could
38
, but,
of course, there is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve(解决) the problem of homelessness.
Later, when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman,
39
an old shopping
trolley（购物车）which was piled with
40
. It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made
Hannah very sad, and even more
41
to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of
homeless people
42
they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the
problem that made her sad, she wouldn’t
43
as bad.
Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces. She hoped to
44
her message of hope and awareness. She started the Ladybug Foudation, an organization aiming at getting rid of
homelessness. She began to
45
＂Big Bosses＂lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders
to
46
to the cause. She also organized a fundraising(募捐) drive in
＂Ladybug Jars＂to collect everyone’s spare change during ＂Make Change＂month. More recently, the foundation
began another
47
called National Red Scarf Day — a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support
of Canada’s
48
and homeless.
There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called ＂Hannah’s Place＂, something that Hannah is very
49
of. Hannah’s
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Place is divided into several areas, providing shelter for people when it is so cold that
50
outdoors can mean death. In
the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of
51
. For example, she received the
2007 BRICK Award recognizing the
52
of young people to change the world. But
53
all this, Hannah still
has the
54
life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.
Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a
55
in the world. You can, too!
36. A. jumping
B. eating
C. crying
D. waving
37. A. annoyed
B. nervous
C. ashamed
D. upset
38. A. behave
B. manage
C. help
D. work
39. A. pushing
B. carrying
C. buying
D. holding
40. A. goods
B. bottles
C. foods
D. bags
41. A. excited
B. determined
C. energetic
D. grateful
42. A. since
B. unless
C. although
D. as
43. A. sound
B. get
C. feel
D. look
44. A. exchange
B. leave
C. keep
D. spread
45. A. sell
B. deliver
C. host
D. pack
46. A. contribute
B. lead
C. apply
D. agree
47. A. campaign
B. trip
C. procedure
D. trial
48. A. elderly
B. hungry
C. lonely
D. sick
49. A. aware
B. afraid
C. proud
D. sure
50 A. going
B. sleeping
C. traveling
D. playing
51. A. praises
B. invitations
C. replies
D. appointments
52. A. needs
B. interests
C. dreams
D. efforts
53. A. for
B. through
C. besides
D. along
54. A. healthy
B. public
C. normal
D. tough
55. A. choice
B. profit
C. judgement
D. difference
【文章大意】本文讲述Hannah Taylor 通过自己的努力来建立公益组织筹集资金帮助那些无家可归忍饥挨饿的
人。
36.B 【解析】考查动词。A. jumping 跳B. eating 吃C. crying 哭D. waving 挥手。他们看见一个人从垃圾桶里捡东西
吃，根据后文的hungry 可知答案为B。
37.D 【解析】考查形容词。A. annoyed 生气的B. nervous 紧张的C. ashamed 羞耻的D. upset 难过的。Hannah 看到那
一情景，肯定很难过，故选D。
38.C 【解析】考查动词。A. behave 表现，行为举止B. manage 成功做C. help 帮助D. work 工作。Hannah 开始思考
她如何能帮到他们，根据句意可知选C。
39.A 【解析】考查动词。A. pushing 推B. carrying 拿C. buying 买D. holding 握。购物车肯定是推着的，根据逻辑常
识可推出，故选A。
40.D 【解析】考查名词。A. goods 货物B. bottles 瓶子C. foods 食物D. bags 包。因为是流浪者，所以随身的东西肯
定都是用包装好的，故车上堆满了包，里面装满了东西，故选D。
41.B 【解析】考查形容词。A. excited
激动的B. determined 下决心的，坚定的C. energetic 精力充沛的D. grateful
感激的。Hannah 很难过，所以她更加下定决心一定要把这件事做好，故选B。
42.C 【解析】考查连词。A. since 自从B. unless 除非C. although 尽管D. as 因为。句意：自从他们第一次看到无家可
归的人，Hannah 就一直在跟她的妈妈说流浪者的生活，根据句意可知选A。
43.C 【解析】考查动词。A. sound 听B. get 获得C. feel感觉D. look 看。她妈妈告诉她只要她付出努力去改变那些让
她难过的事情，就不会和以前一样感觉那么糟糕了，此处指的是感觉上，故选C。
44.D 【解析】考查动词。A. exchange 交换B. leave 离开C. keep 保持D. spread 传播。她希望她那带着希望和意识的
信息能够传播开来，根据句意可知选D。
45.C 【解析】考查动词。A. sell 卖B. deliver 传送; 投递C. host 主办宴会D. pack 打包。她开始主办大老板午餐会，
说服那些商业领导们为她的慈善事业做出一些奉献，此处考查host 的特殊用法，主办宴会的意思，符合语境，
选C。
46.A 【解析】考查动词。A. contribute 贡献，捐献B. lead 领导C. apply 申请，应用D. agree 同意。她试图劝说那些
商业领导们能为她的慈善事业做出些奉献，根据句意可知选A。
47.A 【解析】考查名词。A. campaign
运动B. trip 旅行C. procedure 过程D. trial 实验。基金会又举办了一项运动，
来筹集资金，根据句意和逻辑推理可知选A。
48.B 【解析】考查形容词。A. elderly
年纪大的B. hungry 饥饿的C. lonely
孤独的D. sick 生病的。此处是指为那
些饥饿的人和无家可归的人，前文中第一次出现的就是从垃圾桶里找东西吃的人让Hannah 很难过，所以她
的帮助对象肯定包含饥饿的人，故选B。
49.C 【解析】考查形容词。A. aware 意识的B. afraid 害怕的C. proud 骄傲的D. sure 肯定的。前面提到为那些无家可
归的人见建了一个名为Hannah’s Place 的地方，以她的名字命名的，所以Hannah 肯定非常骄傲，自豪，故
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选C。
50.B 【解析】考查动词。A. going 去B. sleeping 睡C. traveling 旅行D. playing 玩。当天冷到在室外睡觉就意味着死的
时候，这个避难所就会给那些无家可归的人，根据句意可知选B。
51.A 【解析】考查名词。A. praises 赞美B. invitations 邀请C. replies 回复D. appointments 约会。她收到了很多的赞
美。因为下文有这方面的举例，给她颁奖，故答案为A。
52.D 【解析】考查名词。A. needs 需要B. interests 兴趣C. dreams 梦想D. efforts 努力。此处是指这个奖项是为了认
可年轻人改变这个世界所作出的努力，根据句意可知选D。
53.B 【解析】考查介词。A. for 为了B. through 通过C. besides 此外D. along 沿着。但是经过所有这些之后，Hannah
依然过着Winnipeg 学校一名女生的普通的生活，根据句意可知选B。
54.D 【解析】考查形容词。A. healthy 健康的B. public 公共的C. normal 正常的，普通的D. tough 艰难的。Hannah
依然过着Winnipeg 学校一名女生的普通的生活，根据句意可知答案为C。
55.D 【解析】考查名词。A. choice 选择B. profit 利润C. judgement 判断D. difference 不同。此处为固定短语：make a
difference 起作用，有影响，故选D。
【名师点睛】
完形填空题的命题特点及答题方法：
1. 侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力
完形填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句
子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。比如最后一题who are making a
55
in the world. 根据选
项提供的词马上就可以判断此处为固定短语：make a difference 起作用，有影响，故选D。
2. 上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
解完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下
对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息，捕捉
关键词。
3. 设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力
旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。例如第51 空，she
has received a lot of
51
.(她收到了很多的……。)这是就要考虑到下文了，因为下文有这方面的举例，是给她颁奖，
由此可判断是对她的赞美，故答案为A。
4. 结合生活，考查学生利用常识的能力
目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。
5. 关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况下，通过阅读能否理解句子与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能
否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。
2.【2017·江苏卷】
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。
For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look
pityingly at the music students,
36
across the campus with their heavy instrument cases,
37
at school for practice
hours
38
anyone else had to be there. He swore to himself to
39
music, as he hated getting to school extra early.
40
, one day, in the music class that was
41
of his school’s standard curriculum, he was playing idly(随意地) on
the piano and found it
42
to pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually
43
doing it. He tried
to hide his
44
pleasure from the music teacher, who had
45
over to listen. He might not have done this particularly
well,
46
the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good
47
and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to
see if any of the instruments there
48
him. There he decided to give the cello(大提琴) a
49
. When he began
practicing, he took it very
50
. But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was
51
to practicing
it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
This
52
, of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning,
53
his heavy instrument case across the
campus to the
54
looks of the non-musicians he had left
55
.
36. A. travelling
B. marching
C. pacing
D. struggling
37. A. rising up
B. coming up
C. driving up
D. turning up
38. A. before
B. after
C. until
D. since
39. A. betray
B. accept
C. avoid
D. appreciate
40. A. Therefore
B. However
C. Thus
D. Moreover
41. A. part
B. nature
C. basis
D. spirit
42. A. complicated
B. safe
C. confusing
D. easy
43. A. missed
B. disliked
C. enjoyed
D. denied
44. A. transparent
B. obvious
C. false
D. similar
45. A. run
B. jogged
C. jumped
D. wandered
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46. A. because
B. but
C. though
D. so
47. A. ear
B. taste
C. heart
D. voice
48. A. occurred to
B. took to
C. appealed to
D. held to
49. A. change
B. chance
C. mission
D. function
50. A. seriously
B. proudly
C. casually
D. naturally
51. A. committed
B. used
C. limited
D. admitted
52. A. proved
B. showed
C. stressed
D. meant
53. A. pushing
B. dragging
C. lifting
D. rushing
54. A. admiring
B. pitying
C. annoying
D. teasing
55. A. over
B. aside
C. behind
D. out
【文章大意】文章描述了主人公Gabriel 从不喜欢音乐到喜欢的过程。每个人都应该发现自己的兴趣所在，并为
其投入时间和精力。
36.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据“with their heavy instrument cases”可知，每天上学的时候，Gabriel 总是同情地看
着背着沉重的乐器的同学们艰难地穿梭于校园中，struggle 努力，艰难地行进，符合语境。
37. D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据“ __37__at school for practice hours __38__ anyone else”可知，学习音乐的同
学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器，turn up 原意“调高(音量)”，在此意为“出现”，
符合语境。
38.A 【解析】考查连词。“anyone else”指不学音乐的学生，学习音乐的要比规定的到校时间早到几个小时，before
anyone else had to be there 比规定的到校时间早几个小时。这也是Gabriel 不想学习音乐的原因之一。
39.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。本题需要结合语境进行选择。根据“as he hated getting to school extra early”可知，Gabriel
讨厌过早到校，因此他对自己发誓“不学”音乐，A 背叛；B 接受；C 避免，避开；D 欣赏。注意单词在文章中
的灵活翻译，只有C 项符合语境。
40.B
【解析】考查副词辨析。本段讲Gabriel 在一次音乐课上意外发现自己很喜欢音乐，与上一段是转折关系，故
选B。
41.A
【解析】考查名词辨析。that was __41__of his school’s standard curriculum 是定语从句，音乐课是学
校的标准课程的一部分，言外之意就是说，每个学生都得上这门音乐课。
42.D 【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据下句“actually... tried to hide... pleasure”等词或词组可以看出，Gabriel 在音乐中
找到了乐趣，并试图隐藏这份愉悦，由此可知，第38 空的意思是“演奏音乐很容易”。只有D 项符合语境。
43.C【解析】考查动词辨析。根据actually 可知，Gabriel 对音乐的看法有了变化，他实际上是喜欢音乐的，A、B、D
都是有否定倾向的词，不符合语境。
44.B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。Gabriel 不想让音乐老师看到自己表露出来的很明显的喜悦之情，transparent 指(言、
借口)易看穿的；obvious 明显的，显然的，故选B。
45.D
【解析】考查动词辨析。A.run 跑，经营；B.jogged 慢跑；C.jumped 跳；D.wandered 漫游，闲逛，徘徊。音
乐老师在教室里来回走动，听到Gabriel 弹奏钢琴的声音，就走过来聆听。wander 符合语境。
46.A
【解析】考查连词辨析。根据“and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the
instruments”可知，老师让Gabriel 挑选乐器，说明他弹得不够好，钢琴不太适合他，因此可知此处是因果
关系。
47.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。老师认为Gabriel 有着很好辨音能力，并建议他去挑一件称心的乐器。ear 辨音力，灵
敏的听力；taste 鉴赏力，欣赏力，指对作品的欣赏能力。由于Gabriel 没有经过专业的训练，不能说他有很
好的音乐鉴赏能力，taste 不符合语境。
48.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A.occur to sb 某人突然想起；B.take to 开始喜欢；C.appeal to 有吸引力，引起兴
趣；D.hold to 抓住。老师让Gabriel 找一件自己喜欢的乐器。
49.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A.change 改变，零钱；B.chance 机会，可能性；C.mission 任务；D.function 功能。Gabriel
准备试一下大提琴。给大提琴一次机会，即尝试拉一下大提琴，其余不符合语境。
50.C 【解析】考查副词辨析。根据But 可知，前后是转折关系，下句说Gabriel 发现自己很喜欢大提琴，说明前一
句是说他只是随便拉一下。
51.A 【解析】考查动词辨析。be committed to sth/ doing sth 致力于；be used to doing sth 某人习惯于做某事；be limited
to 被限制在；be admitted to 被录取，允许进入某地。根据“so that within a couple of months he was playing
reasonably well”可知，花了几个月的时间练习之后，Gabriel 的大提琴已经拉得非常好了。
52.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。本段与第一段呼应。学习音乐意味着早到学校，要把沉重的乐器背来背去，meant
在此意为“意味着”，构成句型It/This means that...这就意味着……
53.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。开始学习音乐之后，Gabriel 不得不拖着沉重的乐器早早地到学校练习拉琴。drag 指
吃力地拖、拉某物，符合语境。
54.B 【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据“non-musicians”可知，这里指不学音乐的学生的表情，根据第一段可知，不学
音乐的学生对学音乐的投去同情的目光，故选pitying。
55.C 【解析】考查介词辨析。leave aside 搁置一边；leave sb/sth behind 把……抛在后面，超过；leave out 遗漏，不
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提及。学习音乐就意味着要被其他学生用同情的目光注视，这里指Gabriel 走过去之后，身后的学生对他投来
同情的目光。同情的目光来自被Gabriel“超过”的学生。
【名师点睛】
完形填空的首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，
它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。因此，要充分利用首句提供的信息，去挖
掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不设空的。先跳读这两句，便
可判断体裁，猜想它要讲的内容。若首句交代了when, where, who, what 即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是
一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味。
本题而言，文章开头部分＂For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high
school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students...＂告诉了我们一些很有价值的信息，比如：＂For a long time＂
的暗示作用。Gabriel 一点也不想接触音乐，这种想法已经存在很久了，暗示他可能会开始学习音乐。＂look pityingly
at music students＂同情地看着学习音乐的学生，也为下文的转折做了铺垫。
另外，完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英
语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的＂习语＂，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题
的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的
语境中能灵活运用的能力。本题的44、47 就是考查了近义词的辨析，第47 题的taste 误导性很大。
同时，信息的复现也是完形填空的一个特点。语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和
下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同
时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，可以利用上下文寻找解题信息，从而确定正确答案。
3.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for
that exploration. I myself went through this
41
process and found something that has changed my
42
at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language(美式手语).
I never felt an urge to
43
any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The
44
languages were enough in all my interactions(交往). Little did I know that I would discover my
45
for ASL.
The
46
began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club
47
their translation of a song.
Both the hand movements and the very
48
of communicating without speaking
49
me. What I saw was
completely unlike anything I had experienced in the
50
. This newness just left me ___51___ more.
After that, feeling the need to
52
further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club’s meetings. I only learned
how to
53
the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my
54
progress, I was excited. I then
made it a point to
55
those meetings and learn all I could.
The following term, I
56
an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was
57
. I soon realized
that the silence was not unpleasant.
58
, if there had been any talking, it would have
59
us to learn less.
Now, I appreciate the silence and the
60
way of communication it opens.
41. A. searching
B. planning
C. natural
D. formal
42. A. progress
B. experience
C. major
D. opinion
43. A. choose
B. read
C. learn
D. create
44. A. official
B. foreign
C. body
D. spoken
45. A. love
B. concern
C. goal
D. request
46. A. meeting
B. trip
C. story
D. task
47. A. recorded
B. performed
C. recited
D. discussed
48. A. idea
B. amount
C. dream
D. reason
49. A. disturbed
B. supported
C. embarrassed
D. attracted
50. A. end
B. past
C. course
D. distance
51. A. showing
B. acting
C. saying
D. wanting
52. A. exercise
B. explore
C. express
D. explain
53. A. print
B. write
C. sign
D. count
54. A. slow
B. steady
C. normal
D. obvious
55. A. chair
B. sponsor
C. attend
D. organize
56. A. missed
B. passed
C. gave up
D. registered for
57. A. prohibited
B. welcomed
C. ignored
D. repeated
58. A. Lastly
B. Thus
C. Instead
D. However
59. A. required
B. caused
C. allowed
D. expected
60. A. easy
B. popular
C. quick
D. new
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者在大学期间学习手语的经历。刚开始作者认为自己没有
必要学习手语，直到有一次看到手语俱乐部的表演，作者深深地为之吸引，从而产生了学习手语的渴望。
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41. A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。searching 寻找的，探索的；planning 计划的；natural 自然的；formal 正式的。句
意：我自己经历了这个探索的过程。根据前文While high school does not generally encourage students to
explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration 可知大学为探索提供了舞台，所以这里指
的是作者＂探索＂的过程。故选A。
42. B
【解析】考查名词辨析。progress 进步；experience 经历；major 主修科目；opinion 观点。句意：我发现有
些东西改变了我的大学生活经历。故选B。
43. C
【解析】考查动词辨析。choose 选择；read 看，读；learn 学习；create 创造。句意：我以前从没有过学习手
语的冲动。故选C。
44. D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。official 官方的；foreign 外国的；body 肢体的；spoken 口语的。根据前文My entire
family is hearing, and so are all my friends.可知作者的家人及朋友都可以听得到，因此作者认为在平时的交流
中，口语就足够了。spoken language 口语。故选D。
45. A 【解析】考查名词辨析。love 热爱；concern 关心，顾虑；goal 目标；request 请求。句意：我没想过我会发现
自己对美式手语的热爱。前文中I never felt an urge to
43
any sign language before 表明作者以前从未
想过学习手语，而根据后文内容可知作者非常喜欢手语。故选A。
46. C
【解析】考查名词辨析。meeting 会议；trip 旅行；story 故事；task 任务。句意：故事发生在我上大学的第
一周。分析语境可知在这里作者开始讲述在大学学习手语的事情，故选C。
47. B
【解析】考查动词辨析。record 记录；perform 表现，表演；recite 背诵；discuss 讨论。句意：我观看他们在
ASL 俱乐部表演一首歌的翻译。分析语境可知ASL 俱乐部是手语俱乐部，因此他们应该是在用手语表演一首
歌。故选B。
48. A
【解析】考查名词辨析。idea 想法；amount 数量；dream 梦想；reason 原因。句意：手的动作和不用语言进
行交流的想法吸引了我。分析语境可知作者当时在看手语表演，而手语就是为了帮助人们交流而设计的手
势。故选A。
49. D
【解析】考查动词辨析。disturb 打扰；support 支持；embarrass 使……难堪；attract 吸引。分析语境可知ASL
俱乐部的表演吸引了作者，否则作者也不会主动去学习手语。故选D。
50. B
【解析】考查名词辨析。end 结束，末尾；past 过去；course 课程；distance 距离。句意：我所看到的和我在
过去经历的事情完全不同。in the past 在过去。故选B。
51. D
【解析】考查动词辨析。show 展示；act 行动；say 说；want 想要。句意：这种新奇的感觉使我想了解更多。
分析语境可知作者被手语吸引，想要进一步了解手语，所以也有了后文中的参加手语俱乐部的会议，上手
语课的经历。故选D。
52. B
【解析】考查动词辨析。exercise 锻炼；explore 探索；express 表达；explain 解释。句意：在那之后，我感觉
到想要探索更多(关于手语的东西)，于是我决定参加ASL 俱乐部的一次会议。故选B。
53. C
【解析】考查动词辨析。print 打印；write 写；sign 签名，打手语；count 数。句意：那天我只学会了打字母
表的手语。分析语境可知作者第一次参加手语俱乐部的会议，学会的应该是最基本的打字母表的手语。故
选C。
54. A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。slow 缓慢的；steady 平稳的；normal 正常的；obvious 明显的。句意：我并没有因
为自己进步缓慢而沮丧，相反我很兴奋。因为作者只学会了打字母表的手语，所以进步是很慢的。故选A。
55. C
【解析】考查动词辨析。chair 主持，使……入座；sponsor 赞助；attend 参加；organize 组织。句意：之后我
下定决心参加俱乐部所有的会议，学习我能学习的一切。attend a meeting 参加会议。故选C。
56. D
【解析】考查动词辨析。miss 错过，想念；pass 通过；give up 放弃；register for 报名，注册。句意：接下来
的一个学期，我报名上了一个手语班。故选D。
57. A
【解析】考查动词辨析。prohibit 禁止；welcome 欢迎；ignore 忽视；repeat 重复。句意：教授的耳朵听不见，
任何口语交流都是禁止的。根据后文if there had been any talking 可知在课堂上禁止用口语交流。故选A。
58. C
【解析】考查副词辨析。lastly 最后，终于；thus 因此，如此；instead 反而，相反地；however 然而。句意：
反而，如果当时有口语交流，那只会造成我们学的手语更少。根据前文I soon realized that the silence was not
unpleasant.可知作者很快意识到安静并不是令人不愉快的，反而有口语交流会影响他们学习手语。故选C。
59. B
【解析】考查动词辨析。require 要求；cause 造成；allow 允许；expect 期待。句意：如果当时有口语交流，
那只会造成我们学的手语更少。故选B。
60. D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。easy 简单的；popular 受欢迎的；quick 快速的；new 新的。句意：现在我很感激
当时的安静，并且享受它带来的一种新的交流方式。分析语境可知手语对于作者来说是一种新的交流方式，
故选D。
【名师点睛】
＂记叙文＂类完形填空主要包括幽默故事、名人传记、人物故事等。文章以叙述为主。叙述上多半用平述的形
式，很少加入作者的评论。因此考生如果对文章上下文情景把握不准确，就可能会失分。为了减少失分，考生需注
意：
1、首先，读懂文章的首句，把握全篇主旨，弄清文章要讲什么。
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完形填空一般没有标题，因此读懂第一句很关键。第一句一般不留空，是个完整的句子，整篇文章的信息从此
句开始，因此读懂第一句不仅能够把握文章要讲什么内容，而且也可能把握作者的写作态度、目的。因此，考生在
读完第一句话后，最好不要急于看下一句，而是应先根据首句内容，对下文所要出现的故事进行推测，这有利于靠
近作者的思路，避免走弯路。根据文章第一段的第一句While high school does not generally encourage students to
explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration 可知作者在大学期间探索某些东西。所以第41 题
I myself went through this
41
process 空格处应该填searching，和前文中的exploration 呼应。
2、其次，通读全文，掌握文章大意，理清各种角色。
记叙文中一般有两个或两个以上的角色，作者对这些角色的态度各不一样，即使同样—件事发生在不同人身上，
作者也可能采用不同的语言来进行描述。
3、最后，理顺事件的发生、发展、结局
记叙文类完形填空题多半以事情发展的顺序进行叙述，正确把握文章的发生、发展、结局对于把握文章的主旨
有着重要的意义，因此考生在选择答案时可以先理清人物的关系及他们各自所做的事情。
例如第57题The professor was deaf and any talking was
57
. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.
中前面说作者报名上手语课，这里说教授是个聋人，这是符合情理的。按照事情的发展，考生可以推测在手语课上
应该是不允许讲话的，所以选择A 选项prohibit＂禁止＂。
4. 【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids
41
"The Thinking Laboratory."That was the
42
students voted for after deciding that "Room 104" was too
43
.
Freddy was an average
44
, but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion(同情). He
would
45
the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s
46
.
Before the school year
47
, I gave the kids a special
48
, T-shirts with the words "Verbs Are Your
49
" on
them. I had advised the kids that while verbs (动词)may seem dull, most of the
50
things they do throughout their
lives will be verbs.
Through the years, I’d run into former students who would provide
51
on old classmates. I learned that Freddy
did several jobs after his
52
from high school and remained the same
53
person I met forty years before. Once,
while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless man
54
in his truck. Another time, he
55
a friend money to
buy a house.
Just last year, I was
56
a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman
57
the
interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and
58
it up. Inside were the "Verbs" shirt and a
59
from Freddy’s mother. "Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving. He wanted you to have this."
I told the story to the class. As sad as it was, I couldn’t help smiling. Although Freddy was taken from us, we all
60
something from Freddy.
41. A. built
B. entered
C. decorated
D. ran
42. A.name
B. rule
C. brand
D. plan
43. A. small
B. dark
C. strange
D. dull
44. A. scholar
B. student
C. citizen
D. worker
45. A. speak
B. sing
C. question
D. laugh
46. A. misfortune
B. disbelief
C. dishonesty
D. mistake
47. A. changed
B. approached
C. returned
D. ended
48. A. lesson
B. gift
C. report
D. message
49. A. Friends
B. Awards
C. Masters
D. Tasks
50. A. simple
B. unique
C. fun
D. clever
51. A. assessments
B. comments
C. instructions
D. updates
52. A. graduation
B. retirement
C. separation
D. resignation
53. A. daring
B. modest
C. caring
D. smart
54. A. wait
B. sleep
C. study
D. live
55. A. paid
B. charged
C. lent
D. owed
56. A. observing
B. preparing
C. designing
D. conducting
57. A. regretted
B. avoided
C. excused
D. ignored
58. A. opened
B. packed
C. gave
D. held
59. A. picture
B. bill
C. note
D. diary
60. A. chose
B. took
C. expected
D. borrowed
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的学生Freddy 的性格特征,以及多年后他的生活和工作状况,
并说明了作者自己从他身上学到了一些东西。
41. B
考查动词。在1973 年,作者正在教小学。每天27 个小孩进入"思想实验室"。enter "进入",符合语境。
build "建造";decorate "装饰";run"管理,经营"。
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42. A
考查名词。根据下文的"Room 104"可知,"The Thinking Laboratory"是学生们选举出来的名字。name"
名字";rule"规则";brand "品牌";plan"计划"。故选A 项。
43. D
考查形容词。Room 104 这个名字被学生们选举换成The Thinking Laboratory,所以可判断出学生们
认
为Room 104 这个名字太乏味了。dull "枯燥的,无趣的",符合语境。故选D 项。
44. B
考查名词。根据上文中的"I was teaching elementary school"可知,作者正在教小学,故可推知Freddy
是一个普通的学生。故选B 项。
45. D
考查动词。根据下文中的"the loudest over fun"可知,Freddy 对有趣的事情会笑得最大声。故选D 项。
46. A
考查名词。根据上文中的the saddest 可知,Freddy 对别人的不幸是感到最悲伤的。misfortune "
不幸";disbelief "不信,怀疑";dishonesty"不诚实";mistake"错误"。故选A 项。
47. D
考查动词。根据语境可知,此处表示在学年结束前。end "结束",符合语境。change "改变";approach"
靠近";return"返回"。
48. B
考查名词。在学年结束前,给孩子们的应是礼物。故选B 项。
49. A
考查名词。根据下文可知,作者认为尽管动词看起来是枯燥的,但是孩子们在一生中所做的大多数趣
事就是动词。再结合选项可知,A 项符合语境。
50. C
考查形容词。由while 可知,空处与dull 形成对比,故选C 项。simple "简单的";unique"独特的";clever"
聪明的"。
51. D
考查名词。根据语境可知,很多年来,作者偶然遇到以前的学生会给他提供一些他们老同学的最新消
息,所以作者才了解到Freddy 的一些情况。update "最新消息",符合语境。assessment "评估,评价
";comment "评论";instruction "指导,教导"。
52. A
考查名词。根据空前的"did several jobs"可知,此处表示Freddy 从高中毕业后。graduation "毕业",
符合语境,故选A 项。retirement "退休";separation "分离";resignation "辞职"。
53. C
考查形容词。根据下文中的"he let a homeless man ... a friend money to buy a house"可知,他让一个无
家可归的人睡在他的卡车里,还借给朋友钱去买房子,故可推知他仍然是作者四十年前遇到的那个
乐
于助人的人。caring"乐于助人的",符合语境。故选C 项。
54. B
考查动词。根据上文中的"while working overnight"可知,Freddy 上夜班时,让一位无家可归的人在他
的卡车里睡觉。故选B 项。
55. C
考查动词。因为Freddy 是一位乐于助人的人,所以是借给朋友钱买房子。lend "借出",符合语境。
pay "支付";charge "(向……)收费";owe"欠(钱),负(债)"。
56. D
考查动词。根据下文中的"I stopped teaching"可知,作者正在举办一个研习班,这时有人敲教室的门。
conduct"实施,执行",符合语境。故选D 项。observe "观察";prepare "准备";design"设计"。
57. C
考查动词。根据下文中的"I stopped teaching"可知,作者当时正在上课,所以这位女士为打断作者讲课
而请求原谅并递给作者一个信封。excuse "原谅(某人的小错)",符合语境。regret"遗憾,后悔";avoid"
避
免";ignore"忽视"。
58. A
考查动词。根据上文中的"handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching"可知,一位女士递给作者一个信
封,作者停止了教学并打开它。故选A 项。pack "打包,装箱";give "交给"; hold"握住,抓住"。
59. C
考查名词。根据下文中的"Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving..."可知,这个信封里装着一张Freddy
的
妈妈写的便条。故选C 项。picture "图片";bill"账单";diary"日记"。
60. B
考查动词。根据上文中的"Although Freddy was taken from us"可知,尽管Freddy 从我们中被带走了,
但是我们所有人都从Freddy 那儿拿走了一些东西,即从Freddy 的身上学到了一些东西。故选B 项。
【名师点睛】
本篇完形填空很好地体现出重在考查语篇理解能力，且不在情节上、词汇考查大做文章的趋势。其中对于语篇
的上下文复现考查非常之多。
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概
括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同
现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：
I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his
52
from high school and remained the same
53 person I met forty
years before .
53.A.daring
B.modest
C.caring
D.smart
【分析】同义词同现，根据第二段第二句“He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）”，这里的compassion
与选项中的caring 虽然词性不同，但表达的是相同的意思，属于同义词同现。
5. 【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman. But
41
apply.
You must be
named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian
42
.
Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round-the-world air
tickets in May, but their
43
ended and he did not want her ticket to
44
. The ticket had a strict no-transfer（不可
转让）
45
, but since passport information was not required when
46
, any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can
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47
it.
＂I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to
48
a lot of joy,＂said Axani. He posted his
49
on a social networking website, and received thousands of e-mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers
with the
50
passports. ＂More
51
, there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in
52
their name
to Elizabeth Gallagher,＂Axani said. ＂It was absolutely out of
53
, thousands of e-mails, people around the world
54
their stories of travel.＂
Axani wrote in his post that he is not
55
anything in return and that the woman who uses the
56
ticket can
choose to either travel with him or
57
the ticket and travel on her own.
The
58
is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok
and New Delhi before
59
in Toronto on January 8. He said the
60
woman will be announced on the website
and the trip will be shared online.
41. A. benefits
B. deposits
C. restrictions
D. examinations
42. A. origin
B. passport
C. accent
D. fri43. A. holiday
B. marriage
C. dream
D. relationship
44. A. go to waste
B. come to mind
C. go on sale
D. come into effect
45. A. policy
B. order
C. payment
D. schedule
46. A. applying
B. booking
C. checking
D. bargaining
47. A. use
B. borrow
C. choose
D. buy
48. A. sacrifice
B. express
C. experience
D. provide
49. A. answer
B. advice
C. offer
D. comment
50. A. same
B. right
C. new
D. real
51. A. interesting
B. annoying
C. satisfying
D. convincing
52. A. writing
B. giving
C. lending
D. changing
53. A. touch
B. question
C. date
D. control
54. A. admiring
B. advertising
C. sharing
D. doubting
55. A. leaving
B. looking for
C. losing
D. dealing with
56. A. single
B. strange
C. regular
D. extra
57. A. return
B. take
C. reserve
D. hide
58. A. interview
B. program
C. trip
D. meeting
59. A. ending
B. calling
C. repeating
D. staying
60. A. honored
B. lovely
C. intelligent
D. lucky
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一个加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后，希望免费赠送自己为女朋友购买
的环球航空旅行机票的故事，体现了年轻人无私的精神。
41.C 【解析】考查名词。A. benefits 利益；B. deposits 押金；C. restrictions 限制；D. examinations 考试。根据后句内
容You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian
42
可知申请免费环球旅行是有条件限制的，
需要是名叫Elizabeth Gallagher、有加拿大护照的女子。
42. B 【解析】考查名词。A. origin 来源；B. passport 护照；C. accent 口音；D. friend 朋友。根据第三段中的including
thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the
50
passports 可知，申请人需要有加拿大的护照。故选B。
43. D 【解析】考查名词。A. holiday 假期；B. marriage 婚姻；C. dream 梦想；D. relationship 关系。根据下文Jordan
Axani 转让机票可知他和女朋友关系结束了。
44. A 【解析】考查动词短语。A. go to waste 浪费；B. come to mind 想到；C. go on sale 出售；D. come into effect 开
始生效。根据下文＂I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to
48
a lot of joy＂可知他
之所以想把票赠送给同名的人，是不想浪费掉机票。故选A。
45. A 【解析】考查名词。A. policy 政策；B. order 命令；C. payment 付款；D. schedule 计划，时间表。机票是实名
制，而且不可以转让，根据常识和语境可知这是一种政策。故选A。
46. B 【解析】考查动词。A. applying 申请；B. booking 预订；C. checking 核实；D. bargaining 讨价还价。虽然机票不
可转让，但是在预订的时候不需要护照的具体信息，因此在预订后这张机票可以给姓名相同的人使用。故选
B。
47. A 【解析】考查动词。A. use 使用；B. borrow 借用；C. choose 选择；D. buy 购买。根据上文的介绍可知，因为
护照信息没有登记，所以任何一个名叫Elizabeth Gallagher，而且拥有加拿大护照的人都可以用这张机票。
48. C 【解析】考查动词。A. sacrifice 牺牲；B. express 表达；C. experience 经历；D. provide 提供。人们如果能免费
去环球旅行，当然会享受到很多的乐趣。
49. C 【解析】考查名词。A. answer 答案；B. advice 建议；C. offer 提议；D. comment 评论。根据上文可知Jordan Axani
在社交网站上贴出的是自己的提议，即免费赠送机票。
50. B 【解析】考查形容词。A. same 同样的；B. right 正确的；C. new 新的；D. real 真的。根据空前的actual Elizabeth
Gallaghers 以及文章首段对申请这张免费机票的要求可知，这里是指申请者中包括30 位同名且拥有正确护照
的人。
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51. A 【解析】考查形容词。A. interesting 有趣的；B. annoying 令人恼火的；C. satisfying 令人满意的；D. convincing
令人信服的。根据空后的内容可知有数百人想改名字，这当然是一件很有趣的事情。
52. D 【解析】考查动词。A. writing 写；B. giving 给；C. lending 借出；D. changing 改变。根据上文可知申请的要求
是需要和Jordan Axani 前女友同名，所以有人甚至想改名字。
53. D 【解析】考查名词。A. touch 触动；B. question 问题；C. date 日期；D. control 控制。根据后句内容可知，世界
上的很多人都知道这件事，如果允许人们改名字的话，那么事情就会无法控制。
54. C 【解析】考查动词。A. admiring 羡慕；B. advertising 做广告；C. sharing 分享；D. doubting 怀疑。根据上文可
知Jordan Axani 收到了数千封邮件，很多人都分享他们的旅行故事。
55. B 【解析】考查动词。A. leaving 离开；B. looking for 寻找；C. losing 失去；D. dealing with 对付。根据文章首段
的首句可知Jordan Axani 是免费送给别人他多余的票，而不求回报。
56. D 【解析】考查形容词。A. single 单一的；B. strange 奇怪的；C. regular 定期的；D. extra 额外的。根据第二段可
知Jordan Axani 在和女朋友分手后，女朋友的机票就是多余出来的了。
57. B 【解析】考查动词。A. return 回去；B. take 拿走；C. reserve 保留；D. hide 隐藏。根据空后内容and travel on her
own 可知，申请到票的人可以和他一起旅行，也可以拿着票自己去旅行。
58. C【解析】考查名词。A. interview 采访；B. program 项目；C. trip 旅行；D. meeting 会面。根据第三段末句their stories
of travel 可知，Jordan Axani 是在赠送环球旅行的飞机票。
59. A 【解析】考查动词。A. ending 结束；B. calling 打电话；C. repeating 重复；D. staying 停留。根据句意可知旅行
是December 21 从纽约出发，途经米兰、布拉格等多个城市，最后到达多伦多，结束旅行。
60. D 【解析】考查形容词。A. honored 感到光荣的；B. lovely 可爱的；C. intelligent 聪明的；D. lucky 幸运的。文章
介绍了Jordan Axani 免费赠送环球旅行的机票的故事，所以能选上的人是幸运的人。
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专题19
完形填空夹叙夹议文
一、2019 年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ___41___ with
them lots of waste. The ___42___ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the
___43___ of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m ___44___ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon ___45___ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ___46___ among tons of
rubbish. I find a ___47___ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ___48___
but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ___49___.
The best of a Kilimanjaro ___50___, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ___51___ as spiritual places
by many cultures. This ___52___ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ___53___ go through five ecosystems(生态系
统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ___54___ lands of low
growing plants. Further up, the weather ___55___ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick
grass. I ___56___ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland ___57___: gravel(砾石),
stones and rocks. ___58___ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ___59___ snow and the glaciers that may soon
disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro ___60___ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of
peace？I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep
B. mix
C. connect
D. bring
42. A. stories
B. buildings
C. crowds
D. reporters
43. A. position
B. age
C. face
D. name
44. A. silent
B. skeptical
C. serious
D. crazy
45. A. discover
B. argue
C. decide
D. advocate
46. A. equipment
B. grass
C. camps
D. stones
47. A. remote
B. quiet
C. all
D. clean
48. A. new
B. special
C. significant
D. necessary
49. A. paying off
B. spreading out
C. blowing up
D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere
B. experience
C. experiment
D. sight
51. A. studied
B. observed
C. explored
D. regarded
52. A. view
B. quality
C. reason
D. purpose
53. A. scientists
B. climbers
C. locals
D. officials
54. A. holding on to
B. going back to
C. living up to
D. giving way to
55. A. changes
B. clears
C. improves
D. permits
56. A. match
B. imagine
C. count
D. add
57. A. village
B. desert
C. road
D. lake
58. A. Obviously
B. Easily
C. Consequently
D. Finally
59. A. permanent
B. little
C. fresh
D. artificial
60. A. enjoy
B. deserve
C. save
D. acquire
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4 万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破
坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来到这
里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉
为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。
41.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. keep 保持；B. mix 混合；C. connect 联系；D. bring 带来。句意：他们带来了很多
的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D 选项切题。
42.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. stories 故事；B. buildings 建筑物；C. crowds 人群；D. reporters 记者。句意：人
群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故C 选项切题。
43. C【解析】考查名词辨析。A.position 位置；B.age 年龄；C. face 外貌；D. name 名字。句意：冰川正在消失，改
变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C 选项切题。
44. B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. silent 沉默的；B. skepetical 怀疑的；C. serious 严肃的；D. crazy 疯狂的。句意：
听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来
到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故be skepetical about“对……怀疑”符合句意。故B 选项切题。
45. A【解析】考查动词辨析。A. discover 发现；B. argue 争论；C. decide 决定；D. advocate 提倡。句意：然而，我
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很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由“much has
changed ”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故A 选项切题。
46. C【解析】考查名词辨析。A.equipment 装备；B. grass 草C. camps 营地；D. stone 石头。句意：我很快发现，
自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps ”可知，
本句属于原词再现。故C 选项切题。
47. D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. remote 遥远的；B. quiet 安静的C. tall 高的; D. clean 干净的。句意：我发现了一
座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知，营地里和路边都有厕所。所
以这是一座干净的山。故D 选项切题。
48. C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. new 新的；B. special 特殊的；C. significant 相当大的；D. necessary 必要的。句
意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者
来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失。这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C 选项切题。
49.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off 还清，报偿；B.spreading out 伸展；C. blowing up 爆炸；D. fading away；
逐渐消退。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知，前
后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A 选项切题。
50.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere 氛围；B. experience 经历；C. experiment 实验；D.sight 视力。句意：在
我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B 选项切题。
51.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. studied 学习；B. observed 观察；C. explored 探索；D. regarded 认为。句意：山被
许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space ”,可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as“被视为......”符合句意。
故D 选项切题。
52. A【解析】考查名词辨析。A. view 景色；B.quality 质量；C. reason 原因；D. purpose 目的句意：在乞力马扎
罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也是明显的
不同。故A 选项切题。
53.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. scientists 科学家；B. climbers 登山者；C. locals 当地人；D. officials 官员。句意：
在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色尤为明显。故A 选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗
都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B 选项切题。
54.D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A.holding on to 抓住；B. going back to 回到（原来的话题）；C. living up to 履行；
D. giving way to 向......让步。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000 米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带
雨林在海拔3000 米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000 米以上就是大片的低矮植物。giving way to“向......让步”符合句
意。故D 选项切题。
55.A 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. changes 改变；B. clears 放晴；C. improves 提高；D.permits 允许。句意：再往上
走，天气变了--低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds ”可知，生态系统不同，天气也是不同的，是变化
的。故A 选项切题。
56. C【解析】考查动词辨析。A. match 匹配；B. imagine 想象；C. count 数；D.add 增加。句意：我从站的地方数
出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故C 选项切题。
57.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. village 村庄；B. desert 沙漠，荒地;C. road 马路；D.lake 湖。句意：海拔4000
米以上是高山寒漠:砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave,stones and rocks”可知，拔4000 米以上是高山寒漠。故B 选项切题。
58. D【解析】考查副词辨析。A.Obviously 明显地;B.Easily 容易地;C.Consequently 结果；D.Finally 最后地。句意：
海拔4000 米以上是高地沙漠:砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故D 选项切
题。
59. A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. permanent.永久的；B.little 小的；C.fresh 新鲜的；D.artifical 人造的。句意：很明
显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic -like zone”可知，这是
一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故A 选项切题。
60.B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A. enjoy 享受；B.deserve 值得；C. save 挽救;D. acquire 获得。句意：乞力马扎罗山
是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？。这里作者在疑问乞力马扎罗山
是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故B 选项切题。
2. 【2019·江苏卷】
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物种)that are ___36___ every day. The
white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of
existence.
Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their ___38___. Emma, a female crane, has been in their
___39___ since she arrived in 2004.
Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was ___40___ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected
___41___, though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had ___42___ taken herself as a crane and become deeply
attached to humans. She ___43___ to live with male cranes, and even had a ___44___ for killing some of them, which made
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it ___45___ for her to become a mother.
___46___, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and
efforts, they successfully developed a ___47___ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction. This ___48___
Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be ___49___, more efforts must be made,
because the population of the crane in the wild is on the ___50___, and many other species appear headed toward extinction.
___51___, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.
How can we ___52___ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the
___53___: human beings took it for granted that their ___54___
held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a
better ___55___.
36. A. growing
B. migrating
C. competing
D. disappearing
37. A. ban
B. save
C. split
D. remove
38. A. abortion
B. recreation
C. reproduction
D. administration
39. A. care
B. eye
C. mind
D. story
40. A. found
B. chosen
C. raised
D. seized
41. A. bonus
B. consequence
C. victory
D. sacrifice
42. A. never
B. always
C. unluckily
D. cheerfully
43. A. liked
B. refused
C. decided
D. hesitated
44. A. gift
B. skill
C. concern
D. reputation
45. A. illegal
B. inspiring
C. important
D. impossible
46. A. Therefore
B. Moreover
C. However
D. Instead
47. A. combination
B. collection
C. strategy
D. system
48. A. forced
B. forbade
C. taught
D. enabled
49. A. defeated
B. grateful
C. assured
D. tolerant
50. A.list
B. rise
C. agenda
D. decline
51. A. In contrast
B. After all
C. By the way
D. On the contrary
52. A. leave
B. bridge
C. open
D. identify
53. A. course
B. excuse
C. answer
D. reward
54. A. brains
B. behaviors
C. services
D. projects
55. A. guide
B. treat
C. example
D. companion
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。在现代，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝。白
鹤就是其中之一。但是，有很多人正在竭尽全力保护这些物种免于灭绝。Chris 和Tim 通过努力，帮助一只名叫Emma
的雌鹤繁殖了五只幼鹤。
36.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据第一句“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age”和最后一句提到的
“…the species from going out of existence”可以推知，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝，即：“消
失”。D 选项正确。
37.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。前文提到每天都有物种消失，那么该句应指科学家们正在竭尽全力保护这些物种，使
它们免于灭绝。故B 选项正确。
38.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。上文最后一句提到科学家们竭尽全力保护濒临灭绝的物种，由此推知，该处应指Chris
和Tim 帮助濒危物种繁殖，增加它们的数量，这样它们才不至于灭绝。故该空应指“繁殖”，C 选项正确。
39.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。自从2004 年，Emma 一直由Chris 和Tim 照顾。该空和下一句中的“human caretaker”
呼应。故选A。
40.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据空后的“human caretakers”可知，caretaker 当然是照看Emma 的。故该句应指：出
生在一个国际鹤基地，Emma 由人类抚养照看。故选C。
41.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据空后的though（尽管）可知，though 前后的两个句子之间是转折关系。后面提
到，她过得很开心。根据转折关系，那么前文应该表示“但是这导致了出乎意料的结果”。B 选项正确。
42A 【解析】考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humans…even …killing some of them”等内容
可知，因为Emma 一直由人类照看，所以它没有将自己看作是一只鹤，而是深深的依恋上了人类。故选A。
43.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文，Emma 不把自己当作鹤，所以它“拒绝”和雄鹤生活在一起。B 选项正确。
44.D 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据even（甚至）这个递进关系可知，Emma 不仅拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，而且因
为弄死了几只雄鹤而“臭名昭著”。故D 选项正确。
45.D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。Emma 拒绝和雄鹤生活，这当然使得她“不可能”生育小鹤，成为妈妈。D 选项正确。
46.C 【解析】考查连词辨析。上文提到Emma 拒绝和雄鹤生活，使得她不可能生育小鹤。下文提到两位动物园管
理员不想看到这一物种的灭绝。由此推知，上下文之间是转折关系。C 选项正确。
47.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。经过努力，Chris 和Tim 成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起。A 选项正确。
48.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。Chris 和Tim 成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起，这使得Emma 诞育了五
只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使……能够做某事”，D 选项正确。
49.C 【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后文的more efforts must be made 可以推知，尽管两个人为自己的成就感到骄
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傲，但是他们还需要付出更多努力，因为野生鹤的数量在减少。所以他们还不能完全放心（白鹤不会灭绝）。故选C。
assured 意为“确定的，有把握的，自信的”。
50.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据because 可知，前后句之间是因果关系，根据more efforts must be made 可以推知，
野生白鹤数量在减少，所以，还要付出更多的努力（来挽救白鹤灭绝）。故D 选项正确。
51.B 【解析】考查介词辨析。前文提到：野生白鹤数量正在减少，很多其他物种似乎也在逐渐灭绝。该句提到，并
不是所有的人都意识到野生动物有思想，感情，以及平等生存的权利。很明显，该句是对前文出现野生动物濒临灭
绝原因的一种解释。故B 选项正确。after all：毕竟（用于解释和说明理由）。
52.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。针对上文提到的很多物种灭绝这种现象，作者提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类
和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？B 选项正确。
53.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。前文提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？Chris
和Tim 的做法给我们提供了一个答案。C 选项正确。
54.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“hold all the solutions”可以推断出，人类认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有
的解决办法。即：人类认为自己的大脑可以想出所有的解决办法。A 选项正确。
55.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据转折词but 可以推知，人类想当然的认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。
但或许他们可以用“心”更好地“引领”他们去保护这些濒危的动物。故A 选项正确。
3. 【2019·天津卷】
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35 各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only
have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some______16______station.
The____17____moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace
the_____18_____of that little wallet？The credit cards，the driver's license，the cash，all lost to the bus.
Two hours later，back at my house，I heard a knock on the door. My husband _____19_____it while I was on the phone
in the dining room. "Does Jennifer live here？" I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet，with not a
penny_____20_____. She left before I could ____21____ make it to the door to offer my thanks.
After sharing the story online，I heard from someone，who ____22____ the lady as Erin Smith. Without ___23___ ，
I called to thank her. She said she ____24____ my wallet on a bus seat. She_____25_____that going to a stranger's house
was a ____26____ move，but she decided to take the chance. "If I were in that ____27____ I would want someone to try to
find me，" she said.
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small ____28____ ，but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after
Erin ____29____ my wallet on the bus，she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum（论坛），trying to see
____30____ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to
my son's nursery and who recognized my face. I've never ____31____ words with those moms beyond small tall，but they
wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever，but that's not how the people I_____32_____tend to act.
___33___,I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone ____34____what almost anyone would
have done，finding my house on a bitterly cold night，and for that I was extremely ____35____ .
16. A. accessible
B. hidden
C. unknown
D. convenient
17. A. face-saving
B. brain-washing
C. eye-catching
D. heart-stopping
18. A. parts
B. contents
C. details
D. ingredients
19. A. ignored
B. answered
C. examined
D. interrupted
20. A. missing
B. returned
C. remaining
D. abandoned
21. A. still
B. ever
C. yet
D. even
22. A. selected
B. appointed
C. identified
D. defined
23. A. delay
B. alarm
C. regret
D. invitation
24. A. moved
B. placed
C. opened
D. spotted
25. A. disagreed
B. complained
C. calculated
D. recommended
26. A. selfless
B. risky
C. slow
D. personal
27. A. site
B. direction
C. situation
D. atmosphere
28. A. crisis
B. danger
C. threat
D. failure
29. A. got rid of
B. made use of
C. had control of
D. took possession of
30. A. if
B. where
C. how
D. when
31. A. recalled
B. exchanged
C. repeated
D. whispered
32. A. encounter
B. follow
C. consult
D. accompany
33. A. Going away
B. Turning around
C. Looking back？
D. Coming along
34. A. into
B. against
C. over
D. beyond
35. A. longing
B. enthusiastic
C. concerned
D. grateful
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin 捡到了作者的钱包，在寒冷的
黑夜亲自登门归还钱包。作者深受感动。文章叙述了事情的来龙去脉和作者的感受。
16. C【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据前文的“fear seized me. My wallet was gone.”可以推知，作者将钱包落在了公共
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汽车上，而汽车正在开往某个作者未知的地方，这使得找回钱包的希望渺茫，因此作者心生“恐惧”。故C 选项(unknown)
切题。
17. D【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据上一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知，作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害
怕”。之后，作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和fear 表达的意思相近，D
选项（heart-stopping）切题：令人心跳停止的，惊心动魄的。
18. B【解析】考查名词辨析。该空指下文中提到的“the credit cards，the driver’s license, the cash”，这些都是钱包里
装的东西。故选B(content)：所含之物，所容纳之物。
19.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。两小时后有人敲门，丈夫去应门。B 选项（answer）切题：应（门）；接（电话）；应
答。
20. D【解析】考查动词辨析。结合下文的陈述可知，那位女士捡到了作者的钱包，她拾金不昧，将钱包完璧归赵。
由此可以推知，该处指“钱包里的钱一分也没有丢失”。故A 选项（missing）切题：不见的，丢失的。
21. D【解析】考查副词辨析。作者甚至还没有来得及到门口感谢那位女士，她就离开了。该空表示“甚至”，故选D
选项（even）：甚至。
22. C【解析】考查动词辨析。在网上分享了这个故事之后，作者收到了某个人的来信，这个人确认了那位女士是
Erin Smith。C 选项(identify)切题：确认，认出，识别。
23. A【解析】考查动词辨析。找到了那位拾金不昧的女士，作者当然要“马上，毫不耽搁地”打电话去感谢对方。A
选项（delay）切题：耽搁，延迟。
24. D【解析】考查动词辨析。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin 是在一个座位上发现了它。该空表示“发现”，故
选D 选项(spot)：发现，认出。
25. C 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据文章最后一段中的“a bitterly cold night”可知，这件事发生在一个寒冷的晚上。同
时，Erin 又不认识作者。由此推知，该句应指：Erin 估计去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。C 选项（calculate）
正确：估算，估计，预料。
26. B【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的转折词but 可知，该句和she decided to take the chance（她决定冒险）
是转折关系。那么该句应指去一个陌生人家是一个冒险的举动。故B 选项（risky）正确：冒险的。
27. C【解析】考查名词辨析。该句叙述的是Erin 当时的想法：“如果我处在那种情况下（指丢了钱包这种情形），我
希望有个人努力地找到我”。该空表示“情况，情形”，故选C 选项（situation）：情况，情形。
28.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。作者丢了钱包，对于作者来说，这是一个“危机，危难时刻”。故选A 选项（crisis）：
危机，危难时刻。
29. D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。Erin 捡到了作者的钱包，在归还作者之前，钱包在Erin 的手里，Erin 暂时“拥有，
占有”作者的钱包。故D 选项正确。take possession of 意为“拥有，占有”。
30. A【解析】考查连词辨析。Erin 把作者的驾照图片发到一个论坛里，想看看是否有人认识作者。该空表示“是否”，
故选A 选项（if）：是否。
31. B【解析】考查动词辨析。根据后面的转折词but 可知，该句和后面一句（她们想帮忙）转折关系，由此推知，
该句指：除了闲聊，作者和那两位妈妈从来没有说过话，即：从未和她们“交换过词语”。B 选项（exchange）正确：
交换，互换。
32. A【解析】考查动词辨析。作者曾经读到这样的说法：人们比以往更加四分五裂，即：人们不像以前那样团结，
不像以前那样互相帮助了。但是，作者遇到的这些人的行为方式不是那样的。上文中提到的Erin，two moms 都是作
者遇到的人。故A 选项（encounter）正确：偶遇，遇到，邂逅。
33. C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。回顾发生的这件事，作者感到很幸运：有人想帮助一个陌生人。C 选项（look back）
正确：回顾，追忆。
34.D 【解析】考查介词辨析。根据倒数第二段中提到的“people are more divided”可以推知，一般人在捡到别人的钱
包后，都不会像Erin 那样亲自归还失主。因此该句指：Erin 的所作所为远远超越了其他人的行为。该空表示“超过，
超越”，故选D 选项（beyond）：超过，超越。
35. D【解析】考查形容词辨析。Erin 在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还作者的钱包，作者对此非常感激。D 选项（grateful）
正确：感激的。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course,
called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I
41
the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to
42
a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t
43
enough about free
credits, news about our
44
was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which
45
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would be learning from one of the game’s
46
. I could hardly wait to
47
him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this
48
was no game for him;
he meant business. In his introduction, he made it
49
that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to
50
the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to
51
what we would learn in class to our
future professions and,
52
, to our lives. I managed to get an A in that
53
and learned life lessons that have
served me well beyond the
54
.
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he
55
me: “The absolute most
important
56
that you learn when you play chess is how to make good
57
. On every single move you have to
58
a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and
59
the best move from among all your options.”
These words still ring true today in my
60
as a journalist.
41. A. put forward
B. jumped at
C. tried out
D. turned down
42. A. waste
B. earn
C. save
D. pay
43. A. excited
B. worried
C. moved
D. tired
44. A. title
B. competitor
C. textbook
D. instructor
45. A. urged
B. demanded
C. held
D. meant
46. A. fastest
B. easiest
C. best
D. rarest
47. A. interview
B. meet
C. challenge
D. beat
48. A. chance
B. qualification
C. honor
D. job
49. A. real
B. perfect
C. clear
D. possible
50. A. attend
B. pass
C. skip
D. observe
51. A. add
B. expose
C. apply
D. compare
52. A. eventually
B. naturally
C. directly
D. normally
53. A. game
B. presentation
C. course
D. experiment
54. A. criterion
B. classroom
C. department
D. situation
55. A. taught
B. wrote
C. questioned
D. promised
56. A. fact
B. step
C. manner
D. skill
57. A. grades
B. decisions
C. impressions
D. comments
58. A. analyze
B. describe
C. rebuild
D. control
59. A. announce
B. signal
C. block
D. evaluate
60. A. role
B. desire
C. concern
D. behavior
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了我在大二学的免费课程——下棋及它对我生活的指导意
义。
41.B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3 个学
分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。put forward 提出；jumped at 急于接收；tried out 尝试；
turned down 拒绝。故选B。
42.C
【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3 个学分。
我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。waste 浪费；earn 赚钱；save 节省；pay 付钱。故选C。
43.A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸
引我。excited 激动的；兴奋的；worried 担心的；moved 感动的；tired 劳累的。故选A。
44.D
【解析】考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引
我。title 头衔；题目；competitor 竞赛者；textbook 教科书；instructor 导师。故选D。
45.D
【解析】考查动词辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Urged 督促；demanded 要求；held
握住；meant 意味着。故选D。
46.C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Fastest 最快的；easiest 最早
的；best 最好的；rarest 最稀少的。故选C。
47.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我迫不及待地想见到他。Interview 面试；meet 见面；challenge 挑战；beat
击败。故选B。
48.D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。一位先前的毕业生回校教书，这项工作对他来说根本不是游戏。Chance 机会；
qualification 合格；honor 荣誉；job 工作。故选D。
49.C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。在他的介绍中，他明确指出这些学分不容易得到。Real 真实的；perfect 完美的；
clear 清楚的；possible 可能的。故选C。
50.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的东西应用于未来的
职业中。Attend 参加；pass 通过；skip 跳跃；observe 遵守。故选B。
51.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply
把……运用于……
52.A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。最终，把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。eventually 最终；naturally
自然地；directly 直接地；normally 正常地。故选A。
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53.C
【解析】考查名词辨析。我设法在这个课程中获得了个A。game 游戏；presentation 介绍；陈述；course 课
程；experiment 实验。故选C。
54. B 【解析】考查名词辨析。我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活课程。Criterion 标准；classroom 教室；department
部门；系；situation 情况。故选B。
55.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。和Ashley 学了象棋课程之后10 年里，我仍在应用他教我的东西。Taught 教；
wrote 写；questioned 提问；promised 承诺。故选A。
56.D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。Fact 事实；
step 步；manner 方式；skill 技能。故选D。
57.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。Grades 等级；
decisions 决定；impressions 印象；comments 评论。故选B。
58.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。每一步你都必须分析形势，审视对手要做什么。Analyze 分析；describe 描述；rebuild
重建；control 控制。故选A。
59.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。从你所有的选择中，评估出最好的一步。Announce 宣布；signal 发信号；block
阻塞；evaluate 评估。故选D。
60.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。
2.【2018·浙江卷】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸
上将该项涂黑。
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it
36
to have too much?
I
37
back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also
38
a team sport. By the time I got
home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it ___39____
When I got into college, things __40
. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this
___41___ there was no sense of ___42____ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting
until it later became
43
.Once that happened, I just kept
44
my studying further and further back in my day. Then I
got to the point where I was
45
really late at night to get my work alone.
One day I
46
a former classmate of mine who was
47
a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his
regular job was
48
,I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would
49
have too much time and would just do what I did back in
50
.He said that if he
51
the job, he would lose his
52
to work and succeed.
So, try
53
your time with other work. This is why there is a
54
that if you want something done, ask a
55
person to do it.
36. A. true
B. fair
C. strange
D. possible
37. A. remember
B. admit
C. understand
D. expect
38. A. watched
B. loved.
C. coached
D. played
39.A. at last
B. right away
C. of course
D. mattered
40.A. happened
B. repeated
C. changed
D. mattered
41.A. extra
B .difficult.
C. valuable
D. limited
42.A. duty
B. achievement
C .urgency
D. direction
43.A. burden
B. relief
C. risk
D. habit
44. A. pushing
B. taking
C. setting
D. calling
45. A. hanging out
B. staying up
C. jogging round
D. showing off
46. A. met
B. helped
C. treated
D. hired
47. A. raising
B. wasting
C. demanding
D. making
48. A. safe
B. important
C. boring
D. rewarding
49.A. luckily
B. hardly
C. hopefully
D. simply
50.A. childhood
B. college
C. town
D. business
51.A. quit
B. found
C. accepted
D. kept
52. A. heart
B. chance
C. drive
D. way
53.A. saving
B. filling up
C. giving up
D. trading
54. A. message
B. story
C. saying
D. fact
55. A. careful
B. busy
C. reliable
D. kind
【文章大意】作者通过亲身经历告诉我们：拥有太多时间就会拖延做事情，时间紧迫反而能合理安排时间把事
情做好。
36.D 【解析】考查形容词。A. true 真实的；B. fair 公平的；C. strange 奇怪的；D. possible 可能的。句意：我们都听
说过时间比金钱更有价值，但是拥有的时间太多可能会把事情做好吗?表示“可能的”，表示作者的疑问，故选
D。
37.A 【解析】考查动词。A. remember 记得；B. admit 承认；C. understand 理解；D. expect 期望。此处表示回忆起
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高中时自己的生活，表示“回忆起”是remember back，故选A。
38.D 【解析】考查动词。A. watched 观察；B. loved 热爱；C. coached 训练；D. played 玩。此处指自从我进行团体体
育锻炼后多数时间在学校，表示“进行体育锻炼”是play sport，故选D。
39.B 【解析】考查固定短语。A.at last 最后；B. right away 立刻，马上；C. of course 当然；D. mattered 因为在校时间
多，在家做作业的时间就少了，所以在家时必须马上写作业。下文do my school work immediately 给了提示，
故选B。
40.C 【解析】考查动词。A. happened 发生；B. repeated 重复；C. changed 改变；D. mattered 要紧。大学生活和高中
生活不一样，所以说发生了改变。根据常识选C。
41.A 【解析】考查形容词。A. extra 额外的；B .difficult.困难的；C. valuable 有价值的；D. limited 有限的。此处指大
学里有许多额外的时间，故选A。
42.C 【解析】考查名词。A. duty 责任；B. achievement 成就；C .urgency 紧急；D. direction 方向。大学里没有马上做
作业的紧迫感，与高中时抓紧时间做作业形成对比，故选C。
43.D 【解析】考查名词。A. burden 负担；B. relief 救济；C. risk 冒险；D. habit 习惯。由于不急着写作业，所以后来
就形成了等的习惯。故选D。
44.A 【解析】考查动词。A. pushing 推；B. taking 拿；C. setting 放置；D. calling 呼唤。与上文的waiting 呼应，指形
成等的习惯后，我就不断地把学习往后推，越推越远。根据常识也可知答案，故选A。
45.B 【解析】考查动词短语。A. hanging out 挂出，常去某处；B. staying up 熬夜；C. jogging round 慢跑；D. showing
off 炫耀。根据late at night 可知是熬夜，此处指作业等到最后熬夜完成，故选B。
46.A 【解析】考查动词。A. met 遇见；B. helped 帮助；C. treated 治疗；D. hired 雇用。此处指遇到了以前的同学，
根据句意选A。
47.D 【解析】考查动词。A. raising 举起；B. wasting 浪费；C. demanding 要求；D. making 获得。此处指经营副业挣
了许多钱，“挣钱”是make money,故选D。
48.C 【解析】考查形容词。A. safe 安全的；B. important 重要的；C. boring 无聊的；D. rewarding 有益的。因为他的
常规工作是无聊的，所以作者建议他把副业作为全职工作。故选C。
49.D 【解析】考查副词。A. luckily 幸运地；B. hardly 几乎不；C. hopefully 有希望地；D. simply 简单地。朋友说如果
没有这个工作，很简单他就会有太多无聊的时间。根据句意可知选D。
50.B 【解析】考查名词。A. childhood 童年时期；B. college 大学；C. town 城镇；D. business 商业。他就会像我大学
时一样因为有太多的时间而不忙着做事，与上文内容呼应，故选B。
51.A 【解析】考查动词。A. quit 放弃；B. found 发现；C. accepted 接受；D. kept 保持。如果他放弃工作，就会失去
工作和成功的动力。与作者的建议呼应，故选A。
52.C 【解析】考查名词。A. heart 心脏；B. chance 机会；C. drive 驱动力；D. way 方法。此处指如果他放弃工作，就
失去了紧迫感，就会失去工作和成功的动力。表示“动力”，故选C。
53.B 【解析】考查动词。A. saving 节约；B. filling up 装满；C. giving up 放弃；D. trading 交易。句意：试着用其他工
作装满你的时间，使自己忙起来。故选B。
54.C 【解析】考查名词。A. message 消息；B. story 故事；C. saying 谚语；D. fact 事实。此处指if you want something
done, ask a
55
person to do it.这句谚语，故选C。
55.B 【解析】考查形容词。A. careful 小心的；B. busy 忙碌的；C. reliable 可靠的；D. kind 善良的。此处指如果你想
做某事，请忙碌的人去做。忙碌的人会抓紧时间完成，不忙的人只会拖延时间。故选B。
三、2017 年高考真题
【2017·天津卷】
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35 各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to
16
bad feelings, to
make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of
17
but nothing
worked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my
18
.
When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me
19
. I didn’t want to live the rest of my life with this
20
weight any more.
That year, I
21
a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A seminar leader
shared her
22
story — she had not only 125 lost pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.
23
by her story, I created the As We Heal(痊愈), the World Heals
24
. My goal was to lose 150 pounds in
one year and raise $50,000
25
a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself
and healing the world
26
me as the perfect solution.
27
I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would
28
the same difficulties
that beat me before. While the
29
hung over my head, there were also signs that I was headed down the right
30
. I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began
31
in
from hundreds of people.
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Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician（内科医生）, I hired a fitness
coach, and I began to eat small and
32
meals. My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise
33
.
A year later, I
34
my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! I feel that I’ve been given a second life to
devote to something that is
35
and enormous.
16. A. add
B. mix
C. kill
D. share
17. A. diets
B. drinks
C. fruits
D. dishes
18. A. height
B. ability
C. wisdom
D. weight
19. A. temporarily
B. recently
C. seriously
D. secretly
20. A. ideal
B. extra
C. normal
D. low
21. A. attended
B. organized
C. recommended
D. mentioned
22. A. folk
B. success
C. adventure
D. science
23. A. Surprised
B. Amused
C. Influenced
D. Disturbed
24. A. project
B. business
C. system
D. custom
25. A. in search of
B. in need of
C. in place of
D. in support of
26. A. scared
B. considered
C. confused
D. struck
27. A. As
B. Until
C. If
D. Unless
28. A. get over
B. run into
C. look for
D. put aside
29. A. excitement
B. joy
C. anger
D. fear
30. A. row
B. hall
C. path
D. street
31. A. breaking
B. flooding
C. jumping
D. stepping
32. A. heavy
B. full
C. expensive
D. healthy
33. A. regularly
B. limitlessly
C. suddenly
D. randomly
34. A. set
B. reached
C. missed
D. dropped
35. A. stressful
B. painful
C. meaningful
D. peaceful
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述自己减肥成功的经历。作者通过给自己制定目标，然后坚持不懈地努
力去战胜困难，不仅减肥成功，而且募集了50,000 美元的资金，实现了自己的既定目标。通过这次经历作者也认识
到自己投入到了意义巨大的事情上。
16.C【解析】考查动词辨析。根据下文的并列成分to make myself feel better(为了使我自己感觉更好)可以判断出前句
是扼杀不好的感觉。A. 增加；B. 混合；C. 扼杀；D. 分享。故选C。
17.A【解析】考查名词辨析。根据At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. 和上文Worried about my health 可知本句表
示：我尝试了不同种类的饮食，但都没有起作用。A. 饮食；B. 饮料；C. 水果；D. 菜。根据句意可知，选A。
18.D【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文I tried many different kinds of
17
but nothing worked.可知下文是：我开始
觉得我对自己的体重无能为力。A. 身高；B. 能力；C. 聪明；D. 体重。根据可知选D。
19.C【解析】考查副词辨析。根据上文可知作者减肥没有成功，由此可知本句为：当我五十岁时，我的体重问题严
重影响了我。A. 临时地；B. 近期；C. 严重地；D. 秘密地。故选C。
20.B【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据前句可知下文是：我不想我的余生带着这些额外的体重。A. 理想的；B. 额外的；
C. 正常的；D. 低的。故选B。
21.A【解析】考查动词辨析。根据宾语a seminar(一个研讨班)可知，我参加了一个研讨班。A. 参加；B. 组织；C. 推
荐；D. 提到。故选A。
22.B【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.
可知，研讨会的一个领导和我分享了她的成功故事。A. 民间；B. 成功；C. 探险；D. 科学。故选B。
23.C【解析】考查非谓语。根据上文的成功故事和下文I created the As We Heal(痊愈), the World Heals
24
.可
知，我被她的故事所影响。A. 感到惊讶；B. 感到高兴；C. 被影响；D. 被打扰。故选C。
24.A【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文My goal was ...可知，我创建了这个As We Heal(痊愈), the World Heals 项目。A.
工程，项目；B. 生意；C. 系统；D. 风俗习惯。故选A。下文30 空后的句子中的project 是提示。
25.D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据上文raise $50,000 可知，此处表示“为了支持三十年前为了结束饥饿而创办的
一项活动”。A. 为了寻找；B. 需要；C. 代替；D. 为了支持。故选D。
26.D【解析】考查动词辨析。根据主语This combination of healing myself and healing the world 可知，我认为这种既
治愈自己又治愈世界的结合似乎是一个完美的解决方案。根据句意和关键词as 判断出这是考查固定短语：sth strikes
sb 某人想到/认为……是……，故选D。
27.A【解析】考查连词辨析。根据主句：I was filled with the fear...(我充满了恐惧……)可知此处是“当我开始我的个人
体重项目时”。A. 当……的时候；B. 直到；C. 如果；D. 除非。故选A。
B【解析】根据上文fear 和下文the same difficulties that beat me before 可知，我充满了恐惧，害怕遇到以前打败我
的同样的困难。A. 克服，战胜；B. 遇到；C. 寻找；D. 把……放到一边。故选B。
考查动词短语辨析。
29.D【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文I was filled with the fear that ...可知，尽管恐惧围绕在我的脑海。A. 兴奋；B. 快
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乐，高兴；C. 生气；D. 恐惧。故选D。
30.C【解析】考查名词辨析。有迹象表明我正走向正确的道路。A. 排；B. 大厅；C. 路；D. 街道。故选C。
31.B【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文It worked perfectly 可知，捐款从几百人那里涌入。break in 闯入；flood in 大
量涌入；jump in 跳进；step in 步入。故选B。
32.D【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据上文hired a fitness coach 可知，我开始每餐吃少量且健康的食物。A. 重的；B. 满
的；C. 贵的；D. 健康的。故选D。
33.A【解析】考查副词辨析。根据exercise 可知，我的募集资金的中心也给了我新的激励，让我定期锻炼。A. 定期
地；B. 无限度地；C. 突然地；D. 随意地。故选A。
34.B【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文第四段第二句和下文I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! 可知，我实现了我
的目标。A. 制定；B. 实现，达到；C. 错过；D. 使降低。故选B。
35.C【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据上文的成功可以判断出句意为“我感觉到我被给予了第二次生命来做有意义的大
事”。A. 有压力的；B. 疼痛的；C. 有意义的；D. 和平的。故选C。
【名师点睛】这篇文章是记叙文，难度适中，首先要通读文章，抓住故事情节和作者想传达的中心思想，围绕主旨
来解答会更有把握。本篇文章的故事内容体现了作者坚持不懈的毅力和不被困难压倒的精神。学生要抓住这个主题，
而且这个主题贯穿于整篇文章中。这篇文章的一个明显特点是上下文之间的联系非常紧密。做题时把握选项含义，
且要牢记上下文的关联对解题会很有帮助。
做题时要结合完形填空的特点，完形填空题有的考查词语同现、词语复现，有的则是要运用逻辑推理能力。领会和
掌握解题策略对提高完形填空的解题速度和准确率大有裨益。具体策略有：
1. 上下文串联和语境暗示。
这篇完型填空里面出现词语同现的很少，但是词语复现不少，就是指某一个词以原词、同根词、同义词、反义词等
方式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系实现相互衔接。这篇完型的18 题和首句中的动词weighed
相对应；24 题中下文明显出现了project；29 题中上文出现了the fear；34 题是和下文的I lost 150 pounds and raised
$50,000!信息词对应的，都是属于这种类型。
2. 逻辑推理。
逻辑推理是通过对句子间和上下文之间逻辑关系的理解而推断出正确答案。其中，逻辑关系主要包括因果关系、转
折关系、对比关系、并列关系等。逻辑推理题需要考生全面把握上下文，难度较大，考生不能将句子独立开，要注
意对一个意群、一个段落的整体理解。这篇文章考查逻辑推理的题较多。19 题主要是上下文的逻辑关系，推断出是
程度副词seriously；27 题，根据主句和宾语内容推断出是as；还有35 题，通过通读全文和位于末端尾句推断出来
这是一个总结全文的主题句。
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专题20
完形填空说明文、议论文
一、2019 年高考真题（无）
二、2018 年高考真题（无）
三、2017 年高考真题（无）
2016 年高考题
【2016·上海】Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each
blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous
Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively
51
work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory
Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the
52
, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe,
53
,
that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from
54
without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of
55
people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures,
particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work
group are asked to
56
to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have
tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general
57
. Some experts say that women will
become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional
58
managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without
59
managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing:
60
the number of
management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be
61
with just a top level of senior
managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of
delegation (委托) much further than has
62
been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of
management control to
63
that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more
profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or
64
management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on
projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the
65
of the team members in terms of what they
produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
51. A. desire
B. seek
C. lose
D. dislike
52. A. contrary
B. expectation
C. degree
D. extreme
53. A. vice versa
B. for example
C. however
D. otherwise
54. A. outside
B. inside
C. below
D. above
55. A. replacing
B. assessing
C. managing
D. encouraging
56. A. refer
B. contribute
C. object
D. apply
57. A. agreement
B. practice
C. election
D. impression
58. A. bossy
B. experienced
C. western
D. male
59. A. asking
B. training
C. warning
D. firing
60. A. doubling
B. maintaining
C. reducing
D. estimating
61. A. honored
B. left
C. crowded
D. compared
62. A. economicallyB. traditionally
C. inadequately
D. occasionally
63. A. deny
B. admit
C. assume
D. ensure
64. A. virtual
B. ineffective
C. day-to-day
D. on-the-scene
65. A. opinion
B. risk
C. performance
D. attractiveness
【文章大意】本文是说明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论中的X理论和Y理论，
并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。
51.D
考查上下文串联。根据后半句…will do anything to avoid it可知很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明那
些人大多数人生性都是懒惰的，都不愿意工作，他们尽可能地逃避工作。故D项正确。
52.A
考查上下文串联。短语to the contrary 相反的；to the degree 在某种程度上；to the extreme 走向极端；在文
章第一段中提到了X 理论，大多数人都缺乏进取心和责任心，不愿对人和事负责，没有什么雄心壮志，不喜欢负责
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任，宁可被领导。而Y 理论认为大多数人愿意对工作、对他人负责，人们愿意实行自我管理和自我控制来完成应当
完成的目标。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意X 理
论。故A 正确。
53.B 考查上下文串联。本句中for example 表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意X 理论，例如他们认为如果要员工
效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X 理论的举例说明。故B 正确。
54.D 考查上下文串联。根据后句“...makes for authoritarian managers....”可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是
来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D 项“above 上面的”正确。
55.C 考查上下文串联。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论，使用本句使用动词manage 管理”，不同的文化中有
不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故C 正确。
56.B 考查动词短语辨析。短语refer to 提到，谈到；contributeto 做贡献；导致；object to 反对；apply to 适用于；
亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故B 正确。
57.A 考查上下文串联。名词agreement 同意；practice 练习，做法；election 选举；impression 印象；亚洲人使用协
商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故A 正确。
58.D 考查上下文串联。根据前半句“....women will become more effective managers than men....”可知有些专家认为女
性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D 正确。
59.A 考查上下文串联。根据前句“... encourage employees to use their own initiative...鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神”，
也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理，自己做出决定即可。故A 项正确。
60.C 考查上下文串联。根据前句“the trend towards downsizing 缩小规模的趋势”，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以
直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故动词“reduce 减少”符合上下文串联。
61.B 考查短语辨析辨析。动词be honored with 被授予；be left with 留下，剩下；be crowded with 挤满；be compared
with 与.……相比；通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多
中央环节，提高了管理的效益。故B 正确。
62.B 考查副词辨析。副词economically 经济地；traditionally 传统地；inadequately 不充分地；occasionally 偶尔地；
根据后句“Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management...”可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方
法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B 正确。
63.D 考查动词辨析。动词deny 否认；admit 承认；assume 假定，设想；ensure 保证，确保；授权管理是一种新型
的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D 正确。
64.A 考查上下文串联。形容词virtual 虚拟的；ineffective 低效的；day-to-day 日常的；on-the-scene 现场的；根据后
句“where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses”可知在这种新
型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故A 正确。
65.C 考查名词辨析。名词opinion 观点；risk 冒险；performance 表现；attractiveness 魅力；根据后半句中“
in terms of what they produce for projects，rather than the amount of time they spend on them"可知我们评价员
工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作的时间。故C 项正确。
【名师点睛】
本篇完形填空对于上下文串联及词汇的复现进行了集中考查，占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义
相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原
则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来
确定答案。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下
义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆
相关信息的能力。
如本文57 题考查上下文串联。亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方
人也想学习这样的管理方法。故A 项名词“agreement 同意、协议”正确。学@科网
2015 年高考试题议论文类
【2015·广东】
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15 各题所给的A、B、C 和D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
项涂黑。
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no
longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is ___2___
healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to
reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life
span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After
all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of
nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the
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chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social
development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not
disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.
As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to
___15___ active and devoted.
1. A. designed
B. selected
C. improved
D. discovered
2. A. completely
B. generally
C. apparently
D. extremely
3. A. rapidly
B. harmlessly
C. endlessly
D. separately
4. A. eventually
B. hopelessly
C. automatically
D. desperately
5. A. busier
B. longer
C. richer
D. happier
6. A. finishing
B. guiding
C. waiting
D. dividing
7. A. stress
B. damage
C. decline
D. failure
8. A. survive
B. enjoy
C. remember
D. value
9. A. problems
B. fears
C. worries
D. diseases
10. A. poor
B. young
C. sick
D. quiet
11. A. changes
B. recovery
C. safety
D. increases
12. A. dreams
B. chances
C. strengths
D. choices
13. A. mind
B. appearance
C. voice
D. movement
14. A. protection
B. suggestions
C. contributions
D. permission
15. A. sound
B. appear
C. turn
D. stay
【文章大意】这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以
前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做
贡献。
1.A 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120 岁。designed 设计；
selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered 发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决
定了人类最多不会活过120 岁，故应选A。
2.D 考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110 岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。
completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely 极其，非常。根据句意可知，如果一个人
非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110 岁。故选D。
3.C 考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；
endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据文意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境的再生，因此人
的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。
4.A
考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly
没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately 绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。
5.B 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的；longer
更长的；richer 更富有的；happier 更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。
6.D 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing完成；guiding 指
导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据文意可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在
的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。
7.C 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress压力，压
迫；damage损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神
才开始衰弱的，故选C。
8.A 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，
欣赏；remember 记得；value 价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to
a better diets and health care 可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下
来，故选A。
9.D 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问
题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而
死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。
10.B 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更
好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人
们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young 就是年少死去。故选B。
11.A 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes
改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可
知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。
12.B 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不
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是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示
对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。
13.A 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态
也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement 移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年
龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。
14.C 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；
suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission 允许。根据文意可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人
也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。
15.D 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；
appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay 保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续
保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。
【名师点睛】这篇短文是一篇议论文，讨论了人类寿命增加这个话题，主要考查学生名词、形容词、动词、副词等
实词在具体语言环境下的使用和词义辨析，同时考查学生的语篇理解的能力。学生要在理解短文大意的基础上，对
每个题目中设置的选项进行辨析，同时还需要注意上下文的暗示，选出最符合文意的一项。
2014 年高考试题议论文类
【2014·广东卷】完形填空
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have
1
feelings about their parents,
saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common
2
between parents
and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over
3
rooms,
clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the
4
. On the other hand, teenagers lose their
patience continually when parents blame them for
5
the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or
refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different
6
to these
problems. However, some approaches are more
7
than others. For example, those parents who yell at their
children for their untidiness, but
8
clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s
9
. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the
10
of their actions can do better. For example,
when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are
forced to
11
their actions.
Psychologists say that
12
is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should
13
to
their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may
14
their children
when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a
two-way process. It is only by listening to and
15
each other that problems between parents and children can be
settled.
1.A. natural
B. strong
C. guilty
D. similar
2.A. interest
B. argument
C. link
D.knowledge
3.A. noisy
B. crowded
C. messy
D. locked
4.A. homework
B. housework
C. problem
D. research
5.A. washing
B. using
C. dropping
D. replacing
6.A. approaches
B. contributions
C. introductions
D. attitudes
7.A. complex
B. popular
C. scientific
D. successful
8.A. later
B. deliberately
C. seldom
D. thoroughly
9.A. behavior
B. taste
C. future
D. nature
10.A. failures
B. changes
C. consequences
D. thrills
11.A. defend
B. delay
C. repeat
D. reconsider
12.A. communication
B. bond
C. friendship
D. trust
13.A. reply
B. attend
C. attach
D. talk
14.A. hate
B. scold
C. frighten
D. stop
15.A. loving
B. observing
C. understanding
D. praising
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。讨论了家长和孩子如何相处的问题。一味的责备会使得亲情疏远。父母也应
该倾听孩子的心里话。沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明的善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎。
1.D
考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。父母觉得很难与青少年生活。然后青少年也有和父母相似的感受，说和他
们一起生活不容易。此处natural 自然的；strong 强壮的；guity 犯罪的；similar 相似的。
根据空前、空后的提示可知，父母和孩子有着相似的感觉。故选D。
2.B 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据最近的一项研究，父母与青少年之间的最常见的争吵是关于邋逼和每日的
例行任务。此处interest 兴趣；argumet 争论，争吵；link 联系；nowledge 知识。根据下文可知，因为父母不
满意孩子不能保持自己房间的干净、整齐、卫生而发生争吵。故选B。
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3.C
考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。根据：扔在地板上的衣服，可知房间很凌乱。此处noisy 喧闹的；crowded
拥挤的；messy 杂乱的；locked 上锁的。故选C。
4.B
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服等这些都是家务方面的事。此处homework
作业；housework 家务；problem 难题；research 研究，调查。故选B。
5.C
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。另一方面，青少年认为父母因为仅仅是把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上等一些小事而
责怪他们而不耐烦。此处washing 洗；using 使用；dropping 落下；replacing 更换，替代。drop the towel 把
毛巾掉在地上。故选C。
6.A
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法。此处approaches
方法，途径；contributions 贡献；introductions 介绍，入门；attitudes 态度；看法。下一句有approaches 一
词。故选A。
7.D
考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。然而，一些方法比其他人的更成功。此处complex 复杂的；popular 受欢
迎的；scientific 科学的；successful 成功的。接下来列举了一些成功的父母的做法。故选D。
8.A
考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，父母先因为孩子邋遢而大吼大叫，后来又为他们收拾房间。此处later
后来；deliberately 故意地；seldom 很少；thoroughly 彻底。这样的父母我们生活中不少见。故选A。
9.A
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，那些因为孩子邋遢而大吼大叫但是后来又为他们房间打扫的的父母有更
少的机会改变他们孩子的行为。此处behavior 行为；taste 味道；future 未来；nature 自然。孩子不改变行为是
因为父母责备了他们然后又帮他们收拾使孩子认为被批评了就可以不做了。自然行为得不到改变。故选A。
10.C 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据后面可知，与此相反，那些让青少年体验他们的行为的结果的父母可以做
得更好。此处failures 失败；changes 变化；consequences 结果；thrills 兴奋、震颤。故选C。
11.D 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，当青少年不购物帮助他们的父母购物时，他们在冰箱里就找不到他们最
喜爱的饮料，这样他们就被迫重新考虑他们的行动。此处defend 防御；delay 耽搁；repeat 重复；reconsider
重新考虑。根据语境和词的意义可知，选D。
12.A 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。心理学家说交流是家长和孩子关系中最重要的事。此处communication 交流；
bond 结合；friendship 友谊；trust 信任。有沟通才会消除隔闵和误解。故选A。
13.D
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。父母应和子女交谈，但同时也应该听一听他们要说什么。
此处reply 回答；attend 参加；atach 附加、系；talk 谈论。talk to 和.….交流。故选D。
14.B 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。父母责备他们的孩子当他们的房间凌乱时，但他们也应该明白他们的房间是他
们自己的私人空间。此处hate 讨厌；scold 责备；frighten 吓唬；stop 停止。代入四个词分析，只有B 符合语
境。故选B。
15.C
考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。沟通是一个双向的过程。它只有通过倾听和理解对方，父母与子女之间的问
题才可以得到解决。此处loving 爱；observing 观察；understanding 理解；praising 表扬。代入四个词分析，C
更符合语境。故选C。
2015 说明文
1.【2015·重庆】B
Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28
, your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all
day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are
29
jet lag（时差反应）.
Travelers have traditionally fought this
30
with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that
can work just as 31.
For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start
32
your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s
daytime in your destination, try to stay
33
. Walking around the cabin（客舱）can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try
to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight,
34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you
start a new
35of sleep and wakefulness.
28. A. flight
B. change
C. demand
D. climate
29. A. suffering from
B. working on
C. looking into
D. leading to
30. A. danger
B. problem
C. waste
D. fear
31. A. briefly
B. slowly
C. suddenly
D. effectively
32. A. checking
B. sending
C. adjusting
D. stopping
33. A. awake
B. alone
C. hungry
D. calm
34. A. though
B. so
C. whole
D. or
35. A. understanding
B. cycle
C. research
D. trend
【文章大意】本文讲述在旅行中如何调整你的生物钟。
28.B
考查名词辨析。A flight 航班；
B change 变化；C demand 要求；D climate 气候；句意：慢慢地对于变化
做出反应，你的生物钟就要混淆。根据语境可知本文是关于对于时差的反应，故选B 项。
29.A
考查动词短语辨析suffer
from 遭受战争破坏的work on 从事于；look into 调查；lead to 导致；根据时区
的变化可知很明显会导致时间反应，故选A 项。
30.B 考查名词辨析。Adange 危险性Bproblem 问题在于Cwaste 浪费者Dfear 恐惧；句意：游客会用药片和酒精来
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处理这个问题。根据语境可知对待时差的问题，故选B 项。
31.D
考查副词辨析。Abriefy 简洁地址Bslowly 慢慢地址Csuddenly 突然地址Deffectively 有效地；句意：这有几种
健康的方法，并且很有效。根据语境可知选D 项。
32.C
考查动词辨析。A checking 检查员B sending 送到
C adjusting 调整结构D stopping 停止播送
句意：比如，
在上飞机前，开始调整你的生物钟到你的目的的的时间。Adjust
to 把。。调整到，，故选C 项。
33.A
考查形容词辨析。A awake B alone C hungry D calm 句意：如果是白天到目的地，试着保持清醒。Stay awake 保
持清醒，故选A 项。
34.D
考查连词辨析。A Though 虽然如此B so 因此次C while 虽然如此
D or 否则；句意：在这种情况下，提前
吃饭，否则，空腹会让阻止你睡。Or 表示转折，故选D 项。
35.B
考查名词辨析。A Understanding 明白的B cycle 圈；C research 研究；D trend 趋势；句意：这些建议能帮你
开始新生物钟。根据语境可知选B 项。
2.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each
blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not
detect interest in romance among the artists.
51
, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them.
Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more
52
in people’s lives. The
53
is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and
movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.
Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be
54
. They ask, what is love?
Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder
how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that
55
attract, too. One thing
is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.
First Impression
To help determine the
56
of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or
10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to
57
what kind of
relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.
As it turned out, their
58
judgments often held true. Students seemed to
59
at an early stage who would
best fit into their lives.
The
60
Knows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones
— natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species.
Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling
61
to partnerships. In contrast, humans do
not seem to be as
62
as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in
human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of
information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers
had people judge faces for
63
. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally
considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we
64
attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to
65
words faster
after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
51. A. Instead
B. Therefore
C. Moreover
D. Otherwise
52. A. romantic
B. stressful
C. central
D. artificial
53. A. priority
B. proof
C. possibility
D. principle
54. A. tested
B. impressed
C. changed
D. created
55. A. appearances
B. virtues
C. similarities D. passions
56. A. illustrations
B. implicationsC. ingredients
D. intentions
57. A. predict
B. investigate
C. diagnose
D. recall
58. A. critical
B. initial
C. random
D. mature
59. A. memorize
B. distinguish
C. negotiate
D. question
60. A. Nose
B. Eye
C. Heart
D. Hand
61. A. open
B. alert
C. resistant
D. superior
62. A. disappointed
B. amazed
C. confused
D. gifted
63. A. emotion
B. attractiveness
C. individuality
D. signals
64. A. enhance
B. possess
C. maintain
D. assess
65. A. familiar
B. plain
C. positive
D. irritating
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【文章大意】古代和现代的人追求不同，现代人追求的是爱，但是科学家依然对爱还不是很清楚。
51.A
考查副词以及对语境的理解Instead 意为相反，Therefore 意为因此，Moreover 意为此外，Otherwise 意为否
则。观察空格前后的句式结构，可以前面用的是you would not detect.…，后面用的是you would see，使用的
动词不同，结构相同。由于前面有not，后面没有，所以可知此处表达为意思相反，所以答案为A。
52.C
考查形容词以及对语境的理解
romantic 意为浪漫的，stressful 意为压力的，central 意为中心的，artificial 意
为人工的。根据上一句话“life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting”及本句的“In modern times, finding
love is ”，分析语境，知道这两个句子是把古代和现代的情况进行对比。前一句用了center ,后一句用central, 两
者的关系是同根重现。
53.B
考查名词以及对语境的理解
priority 意为优先权，proof 意为证明，possibility 意为可能性，principle 意为
原则。后两句的意思是：很容易准备一系列的有关爱的现代故事。在当前的流行文化中，无数的故事和电影
归类为爱情故事。根据这两句，的意思，结合上下文语境可知道本句的意思就是有很多证明的例子，所以答
案为proof.
54.D
考查动词以及对语境的理解
tested 意为测试，imposed 意为强加，changed 意为改变，created 意为创造。
根据本段的最后一句话“One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. 确定了一件事情是：爱
的真理还不确定”可以知道科学家研究的是爱是否能够创造，而不应该是测试，改变或者是强加。其中set in
stone 就像中文里说的“板上钉钉”，表示绝对不变。
55.C 考查名词以及对语境的理解appearances 意为外表，virtues 意为美德，similarities 意为相似，passions 意为激
情。根据划线部分前面的连词but 可以判断前后是转折的意思，而opposites 意为相反的，所以答案为相似
的。
56.C 考查名词以及对语境的理解ilustrations 意为说明，implications 意为含义；暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，
影响，ingredients 意为成分，intentions 意为意图，目的。根据小标题First Impression（第一印象）以及后面
所描述的实验方法、内容和结果，可以知道实验的目的是决定吸引力的成分。
57.A
考查动词以及对语境的理解
predict 意为预测，investigate 意为调查，diagnose 意为诊断，recall 意为回忆。
根据58 题后面的judgment (判断)，可以知道此处的答案应该是和判断同义的词。又根据该句后面的句子“after
nine weeks, they reported what happened. 9 周之后，报道发生了什么事情？”可以知道这一些是还没有发生的
事情，也就是预测到的东西。
58.B
考查形容词以及对语境的理解
critical 意为批评的，initial 意为原始的，random 意为随意的，mature 意
为成熟的。根据第57 题预测的东西，那么预测的东西相对而言就是原始的，最初的判断。
59.B
考查动词以及对语境的理解
memorize 意为记忆，distinguish 意为区别，negotiate 意为谈判，question
意为疑问。根据前一句话的意思“结果证明他们最初的判断是正确的”，该句要表达的意思和前一句相同，也
就是说“学生似乎能够在早期区别适合他们的生活人”。
60.A
考查名词以及对语境的理解
Nose 意为鼻子，Eye
意为眼睛，Heart 意为心脏，Hand 意为手。空格处的
词是小标题，是对本段的高度概括。它往往在句首或句末找答案。在本段的最后两句话都提到了一个词smell
（嗅觉），四个选项中和嗅觉有关的词只有A。
61.A
考查形容词以及对语境的理解
open 意为开放的，alert 意为警觉的，resistant 意为抵抗的，superior 意为
优越的。根据前面的搭配either… or…要么……，要么，表明此处是一个反义表达。前面使用的是战争，那么
后面应该是一种开放，也就是坦诚以对。
62.D
考查形容词以及对语境的理解
disappointed 意为失望的，amazed 意为惊奇的，confused 意为困惑的，gifted
意为有天赋的。根据In contrast（相反）以及后文“Although we may not be aware of chemicals 尽管我们没有
意识到”，结合上下文语境知道在这里表达人类没有像动物那么有天赋。
63.B
考查名词以及对语境的理解
emotion 意为情感，attractiveness 意为吸引力，individuality 意为个人的，signals
意为信号。根据上一句话最后一个单词attractive，结合上下文知道此处的答案和这个单词attractive 是同根
重现，所以答案是attractiveness.
64. D 考查动词以及对语境的理解enhance 意为加强，possess 意为拥有，maintain 意为维持，assess 意为评定。该
句是本段的总结，前面提到的是研究者做的吸引力实验，最后得出的结论就是我们评估吸引力的方法自动的。
这是评估的方法，而不能是拥有，维持，或者是加强，所以答案为assess。
65.C
考查形容词以及对语境的理解
familiar 意为熟悉，plain 意为普通的，positive 意为积极的，irritating 意为
无礼的。根据最后一句的表达“Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 看一些吸引力的事情
似乎能够导致快乐的思考。”不能得出答案的表达应该是一种快乐思考，所以答案为positive 积极的。
【考点定位】这是一篇说明文，阐述什么是爱？
【名师点睛】这是一篇说明文，没有生词，主要是考查上下文理解和单词理解。需要正确理解4 个单词的选项，尤
其要注意一些一词多义的地方，如test, open, question。也要注意题目与题目直接的关系，如58 题和59 题；要关注
小标题以及段落的开头和结尾。结合上下文，留意那些涉及到重现的题目。
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2014 高考题说明文
【2014·重庆卷】
Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences
and 28_______ them. Here are some 29_______ on how to fit in.
Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30_______ at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best
defense is a sense of 31_______. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that
crazy foreigner.”
Wearing proper cloths is important too, 32_______ locals will judge by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern
countries, exposing your flesh is 33_______, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.
Also be cautious about expressing 34_______. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some
countries it is 35_______ to kiss in public.
1. A. reject
B. recite
C. respect
D. remove
2. A. plans
B. tips
C. arguments
D. choices
3. A. unsafe
B. excited
C. satisfied
D. awkward
4. A. relief
B. belonging
C. humor
D. direction
5. A. but
B. for
C. so
D. or
6. A. forbidden
B. allowed
C. expected
D. tolerated
7. A. emotions
B. concern
C. interest
D. views
8. A. natural
B. advisable
C. unwise
D. unnecessary
【文章大意】本文就如何适应文化差异提出一些建议。只有尊重差异才能适应差异。具体涉及情感表达、依着
打扮及如何摆脱尴尬，等。
1.C
考查动词词义及语境运用。去另一个国家，要意识到这个国家的文化与本国文化之间的差异并尊重这种差异。
A.reject 排斥；B.recite 背诵；C.respect 尊重；D.remove 去除。C 项正确。
2.B
考查名词词义及语境运用。本文接下来就如可适应化差异提出了一些具体的建议。A.plans：方案、计划；B.tips
建议；C.arguments 争论；D.choices 选择。B 项正确。
3. D
考查形容词词义及语境运用。每一个出国人员都会有尴尬的时候，因为他们的举止可能引发当地人的嘲笑。A.
unsafe 不安全的；B. excited 激动的、兴奋的；C. satisfied 满足的、满意的；D. awkward 尴尬的。D 项正确。
4.C
考查名词词义及语境运用。从下文“一笑了之”可知，自我防卫的最佳手段是幽默感。A. relief 轻松、放松；B.
belonging 归属；C. humor 幽默；D. direction 方向。C 项正确。
5.B
考查连词的语境运用。衣着也很重要，因为当地人会根据衣着来判断一个人。A. but 表“转折”；
B.
for 表“理由”；C. so 表“结果”；D. or 表“选择”。故B 项正确。
6.A
考查动词词义及语境运用。根据宗教习惯，在中东国家衣着暴露是严格禁止的。A. forbidden 禁止；B. allowed
允许；C. expected 期待；D. tolerated 容忍。A 项正确。
7.A
考查名词词义及语境运用。在东南亚国家。生气会让自己显得愚蠢，所以表达情感时要谨慎。A. emotions 情
感；B. concern 担忧；C. interest 兴趣；D. views 观点。故A 项正确。
8.C
考查形容词词义及语境运用。在一些国家当众亲吻是不合适的。A.natural 自然的。本文更多谈及的是一些禁忌，
故本项排除；B.advisable 可建议（从事）的。排斥理由同A 项；C.unwise 不明智的；D.
unnecessary 不必要的。C 项正确。
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专题21
语法填空
一、2019 年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are
rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in
Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been
___62___ (poor)
studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are
expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___
(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are
increasing. Scientists have responded by
___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human
settlements, leading to the illusion( 错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___
nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine
lack enough data.
【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
61. 【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be 句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，
解释说明中心词evidence 的内容，故填that。
62. 【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly 修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研
究很少”。故填poorly。
63. 【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations 作Modern methods 的定语，用of 连接，“methods of
doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只
是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
65. 【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years 可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have
reported。
66. 【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
67. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by 可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
68. higher【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are 可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
69. 【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19 个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
70. 【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six 作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，
故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
2. 【2019·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still
working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she
opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer
nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from
her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and
all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who
nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___
(say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We
are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene 作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚
五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发“年度女士”称号。
61.being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for 可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
62.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened
一词的宾语，故用which。
63.finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been
acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
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第187 页共218 页
64.declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said
可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
65.to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth 做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，
故填to retire。
66.have made【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句
意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
67.but 【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因
为我想做。此处用but 与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是……”之意，故填but。
68.saying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying 作后置定语，解
释名词call 的内容，call 与say 是主动关系，故填saying。
69.a【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke 为泛指，故填a。
70.wonderful【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is 之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
3. 【2019·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take
___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their
masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and
___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other
fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to
watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were
___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert
on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人
热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
61.【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。
“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
62.【解析】考查不定式。句中的would 提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering 后的句子不缺谓语，此处应
填非谓语动词，故填to get。
63.【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
64.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行
词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
65.【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参
观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
66.【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an 与空格后的不定式to watch 可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填
competition。
67.【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition 的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。
68.【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge 的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
69.【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根
据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
70.【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70 题空格处动词listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这
个动作是由we 发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and 后meeting
interesting locals 为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
4. 【2019·浙江卷】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The
students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___
(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in
unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece
of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,
car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in
America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students
didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and
school performance.
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School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good
schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary
schools wear uniforms.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。
56. has/will have【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when 引导
的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，
因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
57.the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same 是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the 连用修
饰名词。故填the。
58. that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，
可以用that 或which 引导。故填that/which。
59. cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。
or 连接两个并列成分，根据or 前的walking 可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
60. easily【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy 的
副词形式。故填easily。
61. to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。
故填to。
62. improved【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是
after 引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
63. to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth 想要做某事，这是want
的固定用法。故填to wear。
64. connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no 是形容
词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect 是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其
名词形式。故填connection/connections。
65. traditional【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。
are 是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition 是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
5. 【2019·北京卷】
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用
括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest
concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived
by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___2___
(face) challenges, I know I
will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的话让他受益终身。
1.voiced【解析】考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice 是动词，“表达”
的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用过去式。故填voiced。
2.facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分
析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词
作状语。故填facing。
3.myself【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主
语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
B
Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental
protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No
matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，
make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日。
4.marked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4 月22 日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分
析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day 的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
5.in【解析】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970 年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190 多个国家和地区。在年份前
要用介词in。故填in。
6.activities【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前
的various 可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most
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students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting
most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s
chances and resources(资源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to
attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最
多的是完全投入学术生活、充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
7. suggests/suggested/has suggested
【解析】考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它
不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用现在时或一般过去时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
8. where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大
学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
9. who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally
engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who 或that。
10. meaningful【解析】考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy 并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用
形容词。故填meaningful。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years
61
(long) than non-runners. You
don’t have to run fast or for long
62
(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk
of
63
(die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it
64
(be) more effective at lengthening life
65
walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014
66
showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all
67
(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can
run on soft surfaces, do exercises to
68
(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
Running is cheap, easy and it’s always
69
(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the
same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give
70
a try.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
61. longer
【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3 年。根据than 可知用
比较级，故填longer。
62. to see
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状
语，故填to see。
63.dying
【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of 是介词，
其后用动名词。故填dying。
64.is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里
叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。
65.than
【解析】考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective 可
知此处填than。
66.that 或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study 是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that 或
which。
67.causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5 到10 分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和
早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
68.strengthen
【解析】考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to 是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填
strengthen。
69.energetic
【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s 可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填
energetic。
70.it 或running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try 意为：试试。此处it 可
以指running。故填it 或running。
【点睛】本文比较难的一个题是70 题。短语give it a try 不容易想出来。
give a try 试试。Give sb sth；give sth to sb 这些短语学生都很清楚。但give 后加it 或sth 的形式，比较少见。高考复
习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。
2.【2018·全国卷I I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than
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rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs,
and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___
(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer( 化肥) runoff. This switch has
decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption.
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing
program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million
tons. That prevented the emission( 排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its
environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide."
says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的
知名人士的认可。
61. has grown 【解析】考查时态。since 加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011 年以来，中国种植的玉米比
水稻多。故填has grown。
62. the【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25 年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的
25 年里。故填the。
63. actually
【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句
子。故填actually。
64. to improve【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且
谓语动词是encourages，故improve 应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
65. than【解析】考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less 可知，填比较连词。故填than。
66. pollution【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安
全。has decreased 后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
67. global【解析】考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption 是名词短语，故
应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
68.started【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：在2005 年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when 引导的定语从句，
由于时间是2005 年，故用过去时。故填started。
69. that/which【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives 可知，该空缺少主语，指代program 并且
引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that 或者which。
70. feeding【解析】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和
粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while 后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：
在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be 动词时，那么可
以把主语和be 动词一块省略。故填feeding。
点睛：学会分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a
soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by
7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词when 引导的定语从句，先行词是2005，the government
是主语，a soil-testing program 是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词
指代program 引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives 是第三人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并
作主语，关系词要用that/which。
3.【2018·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of
nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla,
who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.
He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I
quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't
feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching
___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues
and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's
unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and
here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
61. which/who 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为
宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which 表示“哪一个”
62. the【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
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63. loudest【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of all 可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
64. looking【解析】考查动词。动词avoid 后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65. challenged 【解析】考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel 为系
动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
65. scientist【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist 科学家。
67.for【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for 是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大
猩猩。
68. them 【解析】考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。
69. meant【解析】考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，
所以用meant。
70. to stay【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do 允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。
4.【2018·浙江卷】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese
56
(dish) is seen as especially
troublesome. Many westerners
57
come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how
cheap
58
can be to eat out. I still remember
59
(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I
60
(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to
61
(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not
without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be
62
(afford) but doing this most
days adds up. There could be an even
63
(high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link
between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in
64
(weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home __65__
dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on
your health but in your pocket.
【文章大意】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。
56. dishes 【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
57. who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners 指人，在定语从句中做主语，用
关系代词who/that 引导，故填who/that。
58. it
【解析】考查it 用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out 是真
正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。
59.visiting 【解析】考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember
doing sth.，故填visiting。
60. was shocked. 【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock 的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，
表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。
61. have become 【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years 可知用现在完成时，seems to 后用动词原形，
故填have become。
62. affordable 【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be 后用形容词作表语，
表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。
63. higher 【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost 用形容词，由even 表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
64.weight 【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
65.for 【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which
was started by the medical community（医学界）
61
a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended
side
62
(effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required
63
(process) the food that we eat, to recover
from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt
64
(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is
missing something. As
65
result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even
66
(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by
68
(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the
taste of your food. However, be
69
(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of
both,
70
is not good for the health.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健
康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。
61. as 【解析】考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as 表示“作为，以……身份”，
故填as。
62. effects 【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some 可知
“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。
63. to process 【解析】考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require 表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要
求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。
64. are removed 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt 和move 之间是
被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
65. a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result 表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。
故填a。
66. worse
【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
67. is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food 的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不
可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
68. eating 【解析】考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前
文中的by 可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填eating。
69. careful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be 后面应该用形容词作表语，故
填careful。
70. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which
is not good for the health 为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。
2.【2017·全国卷I I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers
and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ work. It took
three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the
track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers,
with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than
25,000 people were using___67__ every day.
Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known
to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The
central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had
white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
61.crowds【解析】考查名词，此处表示复数概念，crowd 前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。
62.from 【解析】考查介词，to and from 来回，故填from。
63.laying【解析】考查动词，这里是由and 连接的三个动词-ing 形式，故填laying。
64.the【解析】考查名词，top 是名词，前要用冠词，故填the.
65.were used【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填were used。
66.fairly 【解析】考查副词，这里fair 是形容词，pleasant 也是形容词，所以需要将fair 变为副词来修饰形容词，故
填fairly。
67.it【解析】考查代词，这里用it 指代前句的railway,故填it。
68.managed 【解析】考查动词，此处表示过去的情况，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。
69.introduction【解析】考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。
70.successful【解析】考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。
3.【2017·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of
her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term
61
(rest).
Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as
62
model in New York.
Sarah
63
(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father
Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah,
64
has taken part in shows along with top
models, wants
65
(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her
66
(educate).
She has turned down several
67
(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school
she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree
68
engineering or
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architecture.
Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school
69
(come) first. I don’t want
to get too absorbed in modeling. It is
70
(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing
else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.＂
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Sarah Thomas 在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期要把
学业放在首位。
61. resting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语：spend time doing sth 花费时间做某事。
62. a 【解析】考查冠词。model 是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指＂一个＂，故填a。
63. was told / has been told 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在
完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah 是第三人称单数，故填was told / has been told。
64. who 【解析】考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who。
65. to prove 【解析】考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。
66. education 【解析】考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。
67. invitations 【解析】考查名词单复数。several 修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitations。
68. in 【解析】考查介词。in 表示＂在某方面＂，获得某项学位＂get a degree in…＂。
69. comes 【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知Sarah 认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。
70. certainly 【解析】考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词形式，故填certainly。
4.【2017·浙江卷】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small
56
(carrot) and was
about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a
57
(shine) object. Yes, there
beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed
58
loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt
59
(I),＂says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years
60
(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring
61
(cook) a meal. When she wanted to
put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had
picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband
62
(search) the kitchen, checking every corner,
but turned up nothing. ＂I gave up hope of finding my ring again,＂she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got
63
(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was
spread over the garden,
64
it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For
Pahlsson, its return was
65
wonder.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了16 年前的戒指失而复得的故事。
56.carrots【解析】考查名词单复数。根据上文的"a handful of"可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot 的复
数形式。
57.shiny/shining【解析】考查形容词。根据上文的"a"及下文的名词"object"可知，此处需要用形容词作定语修饰名词，
故填shiny 或shining。
58.so【解析】考查固定结构。Pahlsson 的尖叫声是如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房子中跑了出来。此处是so...that...
结构，表示"如此……以至于……"。本题容易误填such，但要注意such 后面接名词，而so 后面则接形容词或副词。
59.myself【解析】考查代词。根据语境可知，hurt 这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I 的反身代词形式，
意为"她认为我伤了我自己"，故填myself。
60.earlier【解析】考查副词的比较级。此处表示"16 年前"，故填earlier"……之前，先前"。
61.to cook【解析】考查不定式。此处不定式表示"目的"，意为"去掉戒指以做饭"，故填to cook。
62.searched【解析】考查动词的时态。根据本段的基本时态为一般过去时及语境可知，此处应用一般过去时表示发
生在过去的动作，故填searched。
63.swept【解析】考查过去分词。根据上文的"got"及语境可知，此处应填sweep 的过去分词形式swept，意为"被扫
进"。
64.where【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the garden，
在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。
65.a【解析】考查冠词。此处表示"一个奇迹"，所以需要用不定冠词a 表泛指。
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专题22
短文改错
一、2019 年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每
句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was
walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked
it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the
playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates
after school. I am a good player now.
【答案】
I became
in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon
I was in primary school, I was walking by
the school playground. Suddenly
football fell just in front of me
almost hit me.
I stopped the ball and kicked it
back to the playground. To everyone’s, the ball went into the net. All the football
on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. From
on, I started to play
football with classmates
after school. I am a good player now.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历，自己喜欢上了踢足球。从此成了一名优秀球
员。
第一处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“interest（使感兴趣；使关注）”的形容词有interesting（使人感兴趣的）常修饰
物；与interested（表现出兴趣的）常修饰人。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴
趣。主语是I，故将interesting 改为interested。
第二处：【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one
afternoon 表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故
将where 改为when。
第三处：【解析】考查冠词。名词football 为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football 第一次出现，故在football
前加a。
第四处：【解析】考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是
顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but 改为and。
第五处：【解析】考查副词。“hard（努力地；费力地）”与“hardly（几乎不；几乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同。
本句意思为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly 改为hard。
第六处：【解析】考查固定搭配。“to one’s + 名词”在句中表示结果，“to one’s
surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是…”。
故将surprising 改为surprise。
第七处：【解析】考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player 的复数形式。
故将player 改为players。
第八处：【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词
为cheered，say 在这里作伴随状语。与主语players 是主动关系，故将say 改为saying。
第九处：【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：从那时开始，我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。且“from now on（从现在开始）”
后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生动作或存在的情况，不能用一般过去时。此处后面是一般过去时，表
示“从那时起”是from then on，故将now 改为then。
第十处：【解析】考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my 去掉。
2. 【2019·全国卷II】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每
句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
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第195 页共218 页
注意：
1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked
so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I
studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision.
One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other
is that I wanted to help people in need.
【答案】
Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so.
Then, when I was in the
grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher
much. When I studied
chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal decided to be a doctor. were two reasons for the decision. One was that I
was at the fact that a sick person could feel much
better after seeing a doctor. And the other
that I wanted to help
people in need.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了从小到大自己的职业梦想随着求学经历不断改变的过程。
第一处：【解析】考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的
工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job 改为jobs。
第二处：【解析】考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来…样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将
coolly 改为cool。
第三处：【解析】考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five
改为fifth。
第四处：
【解析】考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”
在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that 连用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to 搭配，表
达否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too 改为very/so。
第五处：【解析】考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词in 或者at，故在high school 前加in/at。
第六处：【解析】考查连词。句意：在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。“重新考
虑”与“决定变成一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将or 改为and。
第七处：【解析】考查there be 句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的they 在前边句中找不到指代关
系，且后边句子中的one 与the other 是对这两个原因的解释。故将they 改为there。
第八处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“amaze（使惊奇；使惊愕）”形容词形式有amazed（大为惊奇）与amazing（令
人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为I，句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇，而不是我令别
人惊奇。故将amazing 改为amazed。
第九处：【解析】考查形容词比较级。句中better 为well（健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构
成比较级用more 加形容词或副词，即more 不能与berrer 连用。故将more 去掉。
第十处：【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是
一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is 改为was。
3. 【2019·全国卷III】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每
句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a
lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special
theme such as like "Tang Dynasty". In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is
created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of
my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
【答案】
I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it a lot of ideas and eff
orts. What I want is not just an cafe but a very special one. I want my cafehave a special theme such as "Tang Dynasty". In
the cafe, customers will enjoy in the historical environment is created for them. If I succeed in one, I will open more. I wis
h to have a chain of cafes in many different . Each of my cafes will have a different theme and unique style.
【详解】
第一处：【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语，to 后用动词原形。故把opens 改为open。
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第二处：【解析】考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把required 改为requires。
第三处：【解析】考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe，应用形容词。ordinarily 是副词。故把ordinarily 改为ordinary。
第四处：【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。want sb to do sth“ 想要某人做某事”。故在have 前加to。
第五处：【解析】考查介词的用法。such as 和like 都是用来举例子，重复了。故把like 删除。
第六处：【解析】考查代词的用法。customers 是句子的主语，故把yourselves 改为themselves。
第七处：【解析】考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what
改为that/which。
第八处：【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。succeed in doing something“成功的做了某事”。故把manage 改为managing。
第九处：【解析】考查名词的用法。many different 后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city 改为cities。
第十处：【解析】考查冠词的用法。an 用在元音音素前，a 用在辅音因素前。unique 是以辅音音素开头的单词，前
用a。故把an 改为a。
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·全国卷I】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句
中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I
went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish.
My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end
of
our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
【答案】
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I
a big change there.
The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and
animals. Last winter when I went
again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of. They also had a small pond
they raised fish. My grandpa said last
summer they earned quite a lot by
the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I
planned to return
every two years, he agreed.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去年寒假期间和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶过程中的
所见所闻，由此讲述了乡下的巨大变化。
第一处：countryside 前加the
考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加
定冠词the。
第二处：find 改成found
考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday 可知，事件发生在过去，故用
一个过去时。故将find 改成found。
第三处：another 改成other
考查形容词的用法。他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句
意可知，将another 改成other。
第四处：here 改成there
考查副词及语意理解。去年冬天我又一次去了那里。故将here 改成there。
第五处：chicken 改成chickens
考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens
of 可知，其后用名词复数形式。
第六处：which 改成in which 或where
考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond
是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which 或where。
第七处：sell 改成selling
考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by 后用动名词，故用selling。
第八处：happily 改成happy
考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，
故将happily 改成happy。
第九处：删除for
考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last 等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。
第十处：but 改成and
考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but 改
成and。
2.【2018·全国卷I I】
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10 处语言错误，每
句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：（1）.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
(2).只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the
sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents
would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games
for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me
where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【答案】
When I was little, night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all
in the sitting room.
As
kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to
them, my parents would not
let me. They
would say to
that playing card games would help my brain. Still I
unwilling to play the games
them sometimes. I
didn’t realize how right my parents
until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me
I was a child turned
out to be very useful later in my life.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的个人经历。小时候周五夜晚家长不
允许作者看卡通片，而是让他和他们一块儿玩扑克牌游戏。长大后作者才明白，这些纸牌游戏在后来的生活中很有
用。
第一处：考查名词。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所
有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所
有关系，故把Friday’s 改为Friday。
第二处：考查名词单复数。all 表示三者或三者以上，后用名词复数。故把sort 改为sorts。
第三处：考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a 用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the 表示特指。故把the 改为a。
第四处：考查动词不定式。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故把watching 改为watch。
第五处：考查情态动词。would 后跟动词原形，故把to 删除。
第六处：考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是
we。故把us 改为me。
第七处：考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿意做某事，不情愿做某事”。本文介绍的是过去的情况，故
用过去时。所以在unwilling 前加was。
第八处：考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for 改为with。
第九处：考查时态。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般过去时。故把are 改为were。
第十处：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常
有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where 改为when。
3.【2018·全国卷III】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10 处语言错误，每
句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called
upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were
nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of
people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include
leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well." Immediate, I raised my hand.
【答案】
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just. Everyone was silent, to see who would be called upon to read
his
her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager
take part in the class activity, others were nervous and
anxious. I had done
homework but I was shy. I was afraid
to speak in front of a
group of people. At that moment, I
remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that
leaning from textbooks, and
as
well.", I raised my hand.
【文章大意】本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍了写作课上作者克服恐惧心理主动回答问题的故事。
第一处：考查时态构成。根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是had done，所以begin 要改为begun。
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第二处：考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关系，所以wait 要
用非谓语waiting，表伴随。
第三处：考查连词。句意：每个人都沉默了，等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人，男女两者
是选择关系，故把and 改为or。
第四处：考查固定搭配。be eager to do sth 渴望做某事，故eager 后加to。
第五处：考查代词。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my 不用myself，或改为定冠词the 也可以。
第六处：考查固定结构。be afraid to do 害怕做某事，所以that 为多余，删掉。
第七处：考查比较级。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。这里没有比较的意思，故把larger 改为large。
第八处：考查主谓一致。that 作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。
第九处：考查名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数。
第十处：考查副词。此处要用副词在句中做状语修饰整个句子，故把immediate 改为immediately。
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·全国卷I】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句
中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was.
Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I
forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning
left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to
stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
In the summer holiday following my
birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard
first day was.
Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, once I started the car, my mind
blank. I forgot
what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “left!” I was so
nervous
that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I
came to a
stop just in the middle
the road.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在暑假期间考驾照第一天发生的故事。
第一处：eighteen 改为eighteenth 考查数词。句意：在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假。eighteen 意思为“十八，十八个”，
表示数量，eighteenth 表示“第十八个的”，故将eighteen 改为eighteenth。
第二处：first 前加the/my 考查冠词。句意：我依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天，所以
在first 前加上the。也可以加上my，my first day 表示“我（学驾照）的第一天”，故在first 前加the 或my。
第三处：so 改为but/yet 考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片
空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so 改为but 或yet。
第四处：goes 改为went 考查时态。根据前文中的started 可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes 改为went。
第五处：word 改为words 考查单复数。句意：教练一直喊“加速！”“减速！”“左转！”。word“单词，消息”，words 可
以表示为word 的复数，也表示某人说的话，这里指教练说的那些话，故将word 改为words。
第六处：Turning 改为Turn 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”，“减速”，“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文
“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将Turning 改为Turn。
第七处：much 去掉考查固定句型。句意：我如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左。固定句型so...that…表示“如
此……以至于……”，much 为多余成分，故将much 去掉。
第八处：late 改为later 考查副词。late 在此作副词，late“迟地”，later“稍后、随后”。此处表示“几分钟之后”，故将
late 改为later。
第九处：suddenly 改为sudden 考查形容词。句意：我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly 是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。
sudden 为形容词，表示“突然的；迅速的”，修饰名词stop 用形容词，故将suddenly 改为sudden。a sudden
stop 表示“急刹车”。
第十处：on 改为of 考查介词。分析语境可知此处表示“在路中间急刹车”，on the road 表示“在路上”，the middle of
the road 表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”，故将on 改为of。
【名师点睛】
1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有：①一般现在时与一般过去时错用；②and
前后动词时态不一致；③主谓不一致；④缺少动词，特别是be 动词；⑤第三人称单数形式错用；⑥主动语态和被
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动语态错用。
2. 名词的常见错误：单、复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。
例如第五处将word 改为words。word“单词，消息”，words 可以表示为word 的复数，也表示某人说的话，这
里指教练说的那些话，故将word 改为words。
3. 冠词错误：误用a 和an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定）；误用a/an 和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多
冠词或少冠词）
例如第二处first 前加the 或my。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天，所以在first 前加上the。也可以加上my，my
first day 表示“我（学驾照）的第一天”，故在first 前加the 或my。
4. 形容词和副词错误：系动词（am/is/are/was/were/become/go）和感官动词（smell/feel 等）后用形容词；词
性的误用（形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词和形容词）。
例如第九处将suddenly 改为sudden。suddenly 是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。sudden 为形容词，表示“突然
的；迅速的”，修饰名词stop 用形容词，故将suddenly 改为sudden。a sudden stop 表示“急刹车”。
5.
代词错误：代词的主格和宾格（I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them ）错误；反身代词
（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）使用错误；代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多
代词或少代词。
6. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致；介词后
用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
例如第六处将Turning 改为Turn。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”“减速”“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed
up!”“Slow down!”也可以看出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将Turning 改为Turn。
7. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。
例如第十处将on 改为of。分析语境可知此处表示“在路中间急刹车”，on the road 表示“在路上”，the middle of
the road 表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”，故将on 改为of。
2.【2017·全国卷I I】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每
句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to
go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop
of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening
tools. beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their
students pick the vegetables！
【答案】
Mr. and Mrs. Zhang
work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about hour and a half to go
to work every day. In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house. They
often get up
and water the vegetables together. They have also bought
some gardening tools., they often get some
useful
from the internet. When summer, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！
【答案解析】
【文章大意】本文主要讲了张先生和张太太的日常工作和生活。
第一处：all 改为both：考查both 和all 的用法，both 的主语是两个，而all 的主语是三个或者三个以上，故将all
改为both。
第二处：a 改为an 或one：考查冠词，因为hour 音标的首字母是元音，所以应用an,故将a 改为an 或者one。
第三处：interesting 改为interested：考查形容词，由于此句的主语是人，而interesting 的主语是物，故将interesting
改为interested。
第四处：that 改为which:考查非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句需要用which 引导，故将that 改为which。
第五处：earlier 改为early：考查副词，earlier 是形容词比较级，不能修饰动词get up, 故将earlier 改为early。
第六处：将for 去掉：考查动词，bought 是及物动词，后无需跟介词，故将for 去掉。
第七处：beside 改为besides：考查连接词，beside 是介词，“在……旁边”，而这里需要一个连接词，故将beside 改
为besides。
第八处：informations 改为information：考查名词，information 是不可数名词，故将informations 改为information.
第九处：came 改为comes：考查时态，本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came 改为comes。
第十处：pick 改为to pick：考查动词，本句出现了两个动词，所以要将第二个动词变为非谓语动词，又根据句意：
摘新鲜的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二个动词变为to do 不定式的形式表目的，故将pick 前加上to。
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【名师点睛】
高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，
就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对
文章意义方面的理解。
一、词法改错
词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词
和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；
并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。
例如：本题中的
8.informations 改为information 考查名词单复数
二、句法改错
句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性
和逻辑性。
例如：
4.that 改为which 考查非限制性定语从句。
三、语篇改错
语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。例如：
9.came 改为comes 考查时态
3.【2017·全国卷III】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中
最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
When I look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally
in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a
new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:
car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and
collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
【答案】
When I look at this picture of myself. I realize
how fast time flies. I grown not only physically, also mentally in the past few
years. About one month after this photo was, I entered my second year of high school and
a new member of the school
music club. Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical
instruments. I enjoyed studying
kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the
music albums. This
picture often brings back to me many happy memories of
high school days.【解析】
第一处：删除realize 后的of 考查介词。realize 是及物动词，后面接宾语时不需要介词。
第二处：had→have 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the past few years 判断用现在完成时。
第三处：and→but 考查连词。固定短语not only…but also…意为＂不但……而且……＂。
第四处：took→taken 考查动词。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，故把took 改为taken。
第五处：become→became 考查动词时态。根据and 前面的动词entered 判断该句应该用一般过去时。
第六处：在picture 前加the/ this 考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture 前加
the 或者this。
第七处：they→that/which 考查定语从句。they 不能引导定语从句，因为指代things，所以把they 改为that 或者which。
第八处：difference→different
考查形容词。修饰名词kinds 应该用形容词形式。
第九处：late→latest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知此处指最新的音乐唱片，故把late 改为latest。
第十处：your→my
考查代词。根据句意可知此处是我高中时代生活的美好回忆，故把your 改为my。
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专题23
书面表达提纲式
一、2019 年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要剧版中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.个人优势；
3.能做的事情。
注意:：
1.词数100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.结束语已为你写好。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua.
【写作指导】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。
1.审题立意
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写申请信，人称使用第一人称和第二人称，时态用一般现在式。
2.谋篇布局
书信格式，称呼和落款文中已经给出。首段，写信的目的，中间段写个人优势和能做的事，最后一段总结。
3.关键词
根据写作要点及构思好的提纲我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇有：volunteer，a Chinese Painting Exhibition，
local city，advantages，a good command of，beneficial for，familiarity with，appreciate ，take my application into
consideration。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误，并增加
一些细节和过渡性的词汇，如First of all, Besides, to begin with，moreover，as for me，Last but not least，等，使全文
衔接自然，语义流畅。
【范文】
Dear sir or madam,
I am a Chinese student named Li Hua, who is studying in London during the summer vacation. Knowing that the local
art gallery will hold an exhibition of Chinese paintings, I am writing to apply for volunteering. As a student who has learned
Chinese painting since 5 years old, I am very pleased to have an opportunity to introduce Chinese paintings to foreigners.
Besides, my fluent spoken English and rich knowledge about Chinese paintings will help visitors understand the meaning
behind each painting deeply. I will appreciate it if I could be given the opportunity.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua.
【点睛】
本文首段开门见山，表达了写信的目的；第2 段详细介绍了个人的优势和能做的事情，an outgoing boy, who is
studying in London.此处使用了同位语和非限制性定语从句。having heard that a Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held
in this local city.使用了分词做状语和宾语从句及被动语态。having lived in China for sixteen years and having learnt
English since I was a child, I have a good command of English and Chinese, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese
paintings.使用了分词和非限制性定语从句。另外First of all, Besides, Last but not least 的使用使文章富有条理性。此
外，还使用了高级句式结构，如I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration 条件状语从句。
2. 【2019·全国卷II】
假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris 球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括:
1.比赛信息；
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2.赛前准备；
3.表达期待。
注意:
1.词数100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to let you know that we will have a volleyball match next month. The match will take place in our school
gym on the afternoon of July 4th. We will play against the team from HongXing High School. In order to win the match, we
should get fully prepared and practice hard. So from tomorrow, we need to train for two hours after school every day. Please
come to the school gym at 6:30 pm from Monday to Friday.
You’re an excellent player. With you on the team, we are confident that we can win the game. Let’s try hard together!
Cheers,
Li Hua
【分析】今年的书面表达沿袭近几年的体裁，仍旧是应用文。本次书面表达要求考生写一封邮件告知队友有关
比赛的信息。
本篇书面表达是一封告知信。首先要告知写信目的；然后简明扼要地告知排球比赛的时间、地点以及赛前的准备事
项，注意事件信息的三要素：时间、地点、人物，要交代清楚；第三则要表达对队友的期待和鼓励。
【点睛】本文内容完整，详略得当，并运用了高级句式。I’m writing to let you know that we will have a volleyball match
next month.宾语从句；In order to win the match 不定式作目状语。文章语言流畅，上下文转换自然。
3. 【2019·全国卷III】
假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen 参加，内容包括:
1.时间；
2.活动安排；
3.欢迎他表演节目。
注意:
1.词数100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
【范文】
Dear Allen,
How is everything going? Our school will hold a music festival next Sunday morning in the school hall. And I’m
writing to invite you to join us.
The opening ceremony will start at 9:00 am, and the schoolmaster will deliver a speech. Then there will be various
fantastic performances played by talented students. You are definitely welcome to show up on stage, which will add color
and fun to our festival.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Best wishes,
Li Hua【解析】
今年的书面表达要求考生写邮件，告知英国朋友音乐节的情况。
【详解】首先确定提纲。先介绍写作目的，之后介绍音乐节的时间、活动安排等具体信息，最后欢迎他表演节目。
第二，根据提纲，确定关键词语，如：How is everything going? a music festival，in the school hall，The opening ceremony
等。
第三，注意选用合适的连接词将各要点串联起来。
【点睛】本文内容完整，详略得当。并使用了高级句式。如：You are definitely welcome to show up on stage, which will
add color and fun to our festival.定语从句。提升了文章档次。
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4. 【2019·北京卷】
第一节(15 分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim 打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相
关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括:
1.交通出行；
2.必备衣物。
注意:
1.词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear Jim,
I’m pleased that you’re coming to tour in China.
I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and I’ll show you around. Tianjin will be your next stop. After that, you can go
to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. You can take high-speed trains to both cities. Summer in these cities is hot and
rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.
Looking forward to your arrival.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】
本文是一篇应用文，要求给朋友写回信。
【详解】红星中学高三学生李华的英国好友Jim 打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。
要求给他回复邮件，内容包括: 1.交通出行；2.必备衣物。本文时态应采用一般现在时和一般将来时，用第一人称
和第二人称来写。文章可以分为三部分来写：首先表达欢迎Jim 来中国；然后交代交通出行和必备衣物；最后盼望
朋友的到来。注意使用高级词汇和句式，为文章增添色彩；注意使用连接词、衔接词，使文章自然、流畅。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言表述流畅。文章使用了几个高分句型。that you’re coming to tour in China.和that you begin
from Beijing, and I’ll show you around.是宾语从句。where you can stay for a week.是非限制性定语从句。
5. 【2019·天津卷】
假设你是晨光中学的李津，英国友好校将派教师来你校参加为期一周的暑期交流活动。活动期间，英方教师Chris
将做一个有关西方艺术的讲座、现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请根据以下提示给Chris 写一封电子邮件:
（1）你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）；
（2）选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；
（3）希望从中有何收获。
注意：
（1）词数不少于100：
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头和结尾已给出、不计入总词数。
Dear Chris，
I'm Li Jim，a student at Chenguang High School.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Thank you for your time.
Yours，
Li Jin
【写作指导】
这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要
点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达。写作时注意准确运
用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型
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使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化。平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记
忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果.
【范文】
Dear Chris，
I'm Li Jin, a student at Chenguang High School. I got the news that your school will send teachers to my school for a
week-long summer exchange. During the activity，you will give a lecture on Western art. You want to seek for advice on
what topic the lecture will be about. From my personal note，music is my priority.
I am interested in all kinds of music，among which Jazz is my favorite. I want to know about the history of jazz，and
some famous jazz singers. I would appreciate it if you can add some sessions of enjoying jazz.
Thank you for your time.
Yours，
Li Jin
一、评分原则
1. 本题总分为25 分，按5 个档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后综
合给分。
3. 词数少于100 的，从总分中减去2 分。
4. 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体
性。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。每错误书写3 个单词从总分中减去1 分，原则上不超过3 分，重复的
不计。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。标点符号错误，将视其对交际的影响程度的情减分。
6. 如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
二、内容要点
1. 你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）；
2. 选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；
3. 希望从中有何收获。
三、各档次的给分范围和要求
分数档
内容
语法结构和词汇
衔接和连贯
整体效果
第五档
21-25
分（很
好）
覆盖所有内
容要点，并有
适当发挥。
应用了较丰富的语法结构和词汇；
表达准确、地道；有个别错误，但
不影响对写作内容的理解。
有效使用衔接手段，内
容连贯，结构紧凑
具备较强的语言运
用能力；完全达到
了预期的写作目
的。
第四档
16-20
分（好）
覆盖所有内
容要点。
应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务
要求；表达基本准确，些许错误对
写作内容的理解影响不大。
应用了简单的连接成
分，全文结构较紧凑。
达到了预期的写作
目的
第三档
11~15
分（一
般）
漏掉一些内
容，覆盖部分
内容要点。
应用的语法结构和词汇能基本满足
任务要求；有一些错误，对写作内
容的理解造成了一定影响。
应用了简单的连接成
分，内容基本连贯。
基本达到了预期的
写作目的。
第二档
6-10 分
（
较
差）
漏掉或未描
述清楚一些
主要内容，有
一些无关内
容。
语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；错
误较多，且在很大程度上影响了对
写作内容的理解。
较少使用语句间的连接
成分，内容缺少连贯性。
信息未能清楚地传
达给读者。
第一档
1~5 分
（差）
明显遗漏主
要内容，写了
一些无关的
内容，可能未
理解试题要
求
语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；错
误较多，严重影响了对写作内容的
理解。
缺乏语句间的连接成
分，内容不连贯。
基本信息未能传达
给读者。
0 分
未能传达给读者任何信息；内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法
看清。
6. 【2019·浙江卷】
第一节
应用文写作(满分15 分)
假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex 即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括:
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
第205 页共218 页
1.表示感谢；
2.回顾Alex 对你的帮助；
3.临别祝愿。
注意:
1.词数80 左右；
2 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【写作指导】
这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来.动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点
要表达的含义，不能选漏要点，跑题偏题.本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达，写作时注意准确运用时
态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文
章显得更有档次.特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化.平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些
类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果。
【范文】
Dear Chris,
I am so regretful to know that you are going to return to your home before long. We get along well during your stay
in China and you offered me lots of help. I would like to express my gratitude to you for your help with my English. While
studying in China, you always spent your free time in helping me polish up my oral English. It is you who shared me with
rich knowledge of English and English culture. Never will I forget you and your kindness. It is my hope that you can
remember me as often as possible.
Yours,
Li Hua
二、2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·全国卷I】
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry 将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容
包括：
1．到达时间；
2．合适的礼物；
3．餐桌礼仪。
注意：
1．词数100 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
【试题分析】
书面表达具有很强的开放性和选择性，给予考生畅所欲言的空间，摆脱单一方法，唯一答案的思维模式，在
展示多彩思维活动的同时，真正考查了考生语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力，让考生感受英语学习的趣
味与魅力，突出英语学科的独有特征。
2018 年全国卷I 书面表达体裁为应用文电子邮件，内容为回复外国朋友Terry 的邮件，向其介绍在中国家庭做
客方面的相关习俗。要求文中涵盖试题给出的三方面内容要点，即到达时间、合适的礼物和餐桌礼仪。该题型和内
容设计紧密联系考生实际，但是，餐桌礼仪这个普通得再普通不过的日常小节反而在生活中被很多中学生忽略了。
如果没有跨文化对比凝练出的思维品格和文化素养的意识，学生很难在短时间内写出中国老百姓的餐桌礼仪文化。
例如受邀赴宴客人可以准时到达但切忌过早到达。外地客人所带礼物常见为能体现客人当地特色的物品。但注意，
传统的中国人收到礼物后一般不会当着客人的面打开。中国餐桌为圆桌，正对门的位置为上座，一般为长者位置。
中国人特别尊敬长辈，用餐时，需等长辈先动筷子。吃饭时不得发出声响，强调“食不语寝不言”等。中国地域广文
化差异也很大，给予思维发散的考生提供了充分表达自己的空间和机会。
在宣传中国习俗文化的同时，对考生的跨文化意识、思维品质提出了更高的要求，鼓励考生站在外国人的角度
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
第206 页共218 页
讲中国习俗特色，积极调动语言，阐明事实，表明差异。
【思路点拨】
本文是一篇电子邮件类应用文写作。餐桌礼仪也是考生比较熟悉的话题。成文时注意以下几点：一、内容要点
要齐全1．到达时间；2．合适的礼物；3．餐桌礼仪。二、时态：主要用一般现在时和将来时；三、人称：第二、
三人称。四、注意使用恰当的高级词汇、短语或句型，以提高作文的水平；五、适当使用一些连接词和插入语，
使文章表达自然、流畅。
1. 浏览信息要点
2.三个任务点，第一段内容：问候对方，马上呈现对方所涉及的话题，拜访中国家庭，做客时间的要求和忌讳! 第
二段内容：做客拜访的合适礼物，可以适当延展，初次拜访，亲密朋友之间拜访，二次拜访，家庭情况适合的礼物，
通用的礼物等。第三段：table manners,可以描述两三个通常的中国人的餐桌礼节和忌讳的地方，有鲜明特色之处，
最后一句表达祝愿。
3.时态，给对方的建议和说明，用一般现在时，描述风俗礼仪这是客观规律性的东西，用一般现在时。
4.头脑风暴短语、句型结构，开始打草稿
5.行文
6.检查拼写和语法。
【满分范文】
Dear Terry,
How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese
customs, I am writing to put forward some advice.
Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture.
Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides,
table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into
your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice.
If you have any other problems, please don’t hesitate to contact me.
Yours
Li Hua
【素材积累】
做客礼仪：
1. 预先约定一个时间以便对方事先作好安排。如果事先已经约定好了时间，就应遵守约定，准时到达，如需提早十
分钟二十分钟之内可以接受，不要迟到，以免主人等候，也不要太早到，以免主人未作好准备。这是一个基本礼节
问题。
2.如果有专属地域文化特色的礼物是最好的。如果朋友家有长辈，带点烟酒和茶叶或一些老人家用的保健品等；如
果朋友家有小孩，带点儿童玩具或买箱牛奶，然后加点烟酒或茶叶；
不要送钟、梨、伞等这些东西，被认为不吉祥。
3.主人会请客人入座上席，再请长辈入座客人旁。入座的时侯要从椅子的左边进入。在中餐结束时，筷子应整齐地
放在靠碗右边的桌上，并应等客人们都放下筷子以后，主人示意离席后方可以离开，不能自己吃完了放下筷子就走，
这样做是很没礼貌的表现。
常用词语和句子
准时
on time/punctually
餐桌礼仪
table manners
合适的、恰当的
appropriate
拜访
pay a visit to
You are supposed/expected/required to do…
It’s a good idea to…
It’s appropriate/suitable to do …
It’s sensible/reasonable/advisable to do …
It’s good manners to do …
It’s noteworthy that…
I think it would be more helpful if you could do…
It would be wise of you to…
It’s desirable to do …
It’s inappropriate to do …
It’s impolite to do…
It’s unwise/inadvisable to do …
Never （助动词/系动词/情态动词）主语+谓语动词…
It’s not suitable for you to do…in such a
situation.
【备考启示】
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
第207 页共218 页
近年来高考写作的命题常用的思想就是高起点低落点。高起点题目很高，中国文化，中国故事，中国礼仪等等，
但最终都把它们落在应用文的框架里，这就是低落点。写这样的作文，一定要注意不能写过于具体的内容，要找
最重要的，最熟悉的写，不要面面俱到，中国餐桌礼仪内容太多，100 单词无法写。找重点，以点带面。但选择重
要内容本身就是一种能力。
2.【2018·全国卷I I】
你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英语短片Growing Together，内容包括：
(1)短片内容：学校的发展；
(2)放映时间、地点；
(3)欢迎对短片提出意见。
注意：
(1)词数100 左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
【试题分析】
2018 年高考英语书面表达体裁为通知，替学校的“英语天地”邀请学生看英文短片Growing together。继2015 年，
2016 年，2017 年连续三年考查信件认识人写信之后，全国二卷考查了应用文中的另一典型体裁，内容为邀请电影
相关的时间，地点的通知。学生对该题材和内容熟悉，对词汇的要求也相对基础。
纵观全国II 卷英语书面表达，从题材上来讲，除了2014 年考查了记叙文，十年中九年均考查了应用文，应用
文占90%。所以考生在高考的英语写作的准备中应当把重心放在应用文上，熟练掌握英语应用文写作的几个相关专
项，并且熟识高考英语基础词汇。
2009——2018 年高考英语新课标卷II 书面表达
年份
命题形式
文体
内容
2009
文字提纲
信件——回信
写信介绍改建后前门大街的情况
2010
文字提纲
信件——去信
给笔友写信告知招聘广告信息
2011
文字提纲
信件——祝贺信
写信向学校辅导中心求助
2012
文字提纲
信件——申请信
申请参加国际中学生新加坡夏令营
2013
文字提纲
信件——去信
请笔友代卖自己制作的中国结
2014
文字提纲
短文
十年后的我
2015
文字提纲
信件——邀请信
邀请外教一起去敬老院陪老人过重阳节
2016
文字提纲
信件——邀请信
邀请英国朋友Peter 参加摄影比赛并提供摄影作品
2017
文字提纲
信件——邀请信
写信邀请外教参加剪纸展览
2018
文字提纲
通知
通知观看英语短片
【写作点拨】
英语书面通知的时态应该以一般将来时为主，多使用被动语态、简单句。在通知中不应当过度的使用较复杂的
词语和读起来拗口的句子。
第二个注意点：层次一定要清晰，一个层次要表达一件事情，使人看起来一目了然。
【满分范文】
Boys and girls,
May I have your attention, please? Recently, an outstanding movie will be shown in our campus. Welcome to join us
end enjoy it! Here are some relevant details about it.
To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing together, which is about the development of our beloved school; as a
result, it will be not only meaningful but also interesting. Besides, it will be in the library from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon
on June 9th . What’s more, everyone of you will be welcome to take part in it, enjoying the movie, having a heated
discussion afterwards and giving your own comments.
Hopefully, you would make it to our activity. I have the confidence that you will have a great time.
The Student Union
3.【2018·全国卷III】
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter 来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括：
1. 学校的体育场馆；
2. 主要的运动项目；
3. 你喜欢的项目。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
第208 页共218 页
注意：1. 词数100 左右：
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】
本题作文为提纲式作文，形式依然是书信，即给英国朋友Peter 介绍学校体育运动情况，属于学校生活话题。
这一话题贴合学生生活的实际，学生并不陌生，有话可说。
首先可以介绍学校的体育场馆，场馆的位置，大小，开放时间等等。然后简要介绍学校主要开设的体育项目有
哪些，可挑选一到两个做详细介绍，如学生的活动时间，活动形式，以及此类活动的好处等。再次简要分析自己喜
欢的体育项目是什么，并简单分析喜欢的原因，自己从中得到的益处等。文章可主要采用一般现在时态，第一人称
的方式来写。
【满分范文】
Dear Peter,
I am exceedingly delighted to hear from you. You asked me in your last letter about the physical exercise in our school
and the following information may give you a rough sketch.
To begin with, a fabulous new stadium has been built up, which has become the new landmark in our school.
Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which ping-pong, football as well
as running competitions enjoy great popularity. As for me, I’m intoxicated with basketball since it has been giving me
strength to confront the challenges in my life.
All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.
Yours,
Li Hua
4.（2018·浙江卷）
第一节
应用文写作
假定你是李华，你校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘，内容包括：
1. 口语能力：
2. 相关经验；
3. 应聘目的。
注意：
1. 词数80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________【思路点拨】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写应聘信。
第一步：根据提示可知，学校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。要求写封应聘信，内容包括：
1. 口语能力：2. 相关经验；3. 应聘目的。
第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词（组）。
第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面
是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能
力。
【范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
My name is Li Hua. And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English association.
I have a good command of English and have been to the USA twice. So I can communicate well with native speakers of
English. What’s more, I am kind and friendly to other people. So I can easily get along with foreign students.
I’m particularly interested in this job because I want to further improve my oral English capabilities and interpersonal
communication skills.
Hopefully I can receive your acceptance.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
5.（2018·天津卷）
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
第209 页共218 页
假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友Chris 就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技
能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7 月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据
以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。
（1）比赛的时间、地点；
（2）邀请他的原因；
（3）训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。
注意：（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
世界青少年机器人技能竞赛the World Adolescent Robotics Competition
Dear Chris,
I have good news to tell you. ______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Jin
【思路点拨】
本篇书面要求写一封邀请信。写作的时候要注意以下几点：一、动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表
达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。内容要点包括：1. 代表兴趣小组发出邀请；2. 介绍比赛的时间、地点等安
排；3. 说明邀请他的原因，包括Chris 曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖；4. 告诉他训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建
议。二、写作时注意准确运用时态，对于本文来说，以一般将来时为主，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使
用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【满分范文】
Dear Chris,
I have good news to tell you. The World Adolescent Robotics Competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July.
Hearing that you once took part in a Robotics Skills Competition and won an award, I, on behalf of the Robotics Hobby
Group, intend to invite you to join our team in the coming competition. I am sure that your involvement will not only help
us in winning the award but also enhance the friendship between our two schools.
With this email I also send you our training plan, about which I wish to get your advice because you are more
experienced than us. We sincerely hope that we can participate in the competition as team partners.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Jin
6.（2018·北京卷）
第一节
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北
京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
(1) 表示欢迎；
(2) 推荐他上哪所大学；
(3) 建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：(1). 词数不少于50；
(2). 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【思路点拨】
本文为提纲式作文，文章要求写推荐信，为英国朋友介绍北京的大学。首先可以介绍一下写作背景（Jim 对中
国文化感兴趣，要来中国学习），表达欢迎。然后推荐一所大学，并简要介绍推荐的原因（如大学的特色，可以学
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到什么等）。再次简单介绍应该做哪方面的准备，如可以提前学习汉语，读点有关中国传统文化的书，了解中国的
习俗，让自己更好地适应中国的生活。文章可采用一般现在时，人称可以使用第二人称。
【满分范文】
Dear Jim,
I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest
welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in
China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and
rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses
of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If
you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
三、2017 年高考真题
1.【2017·全国卷I】
假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie 学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
（1）时间和地点；
（2）内容：学习唐诗；
（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【思路分析】
今年的书面表达要求考生写邮件，告知外国朋友汉语课的时间和内容(属学校生活、语言学习范畴)。与往年相
比最大的变化是涉及我国优秀的传统文化，这符合2017 年英语高考大纲提出的：在英语学习上重视和突出中华传
统价值观，重视语言应用，回归了英语作为语言功能的本质。因此，掌握一些传统文化方面的英语知识很有必要。
文体：书信体，一种常见的告知信，相对简单。
人物关系：朋友
问候语及开头语：
How are you? / How is everything going? / How are things with you? /I am writing to you about…./
I am writing to tell you something about….
写信目的：告知上课时间，内容及课前准备
结束语
如：Looking forward to seeing you again. / Looking forward to your early reply. /Hope to hear from you soon /
Best wishes.
个人发挥，适当增加相关细节
语言分析
话题词激活
学校生活：take part in, attend, activity, knowledge
语言学习：acquire, advises sb. to do sth.,在平时的学习中要注意话题词的积累。
运用高级句式：如：since 引导的状语从句，which 引导的非限制性定语从句。
【满分范文】
Dear Leslie，
I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture.
Now I'll tell you the next learning programme. On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are
interested in in the Lecture Hall. As a foreign learner, it is difficult for you to understand the true meaning and the culture
of them. Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate
the poems.
Be sure to go to the Lecture Hall on time. You cannot miss the wonderful poems.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua【解析】随着时代的发展，电子邮件越来越受广大中学生的欢迎，所以写电子邮件是中学生经常做的事，这
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种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们感到熟悉。考生成文时应注意：1. 要点要齐全：（1）时间和地点；（2）内容：
学习唐诗；（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。2. 时态：以一般现在时为主；3. 人称：第二人称为主；4. 注意
恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。
2.【2017·全国卷I I】
假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry 一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.展览时间、地点；
2.展览内容。
注意：
1.词数100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【思路分析】
题目要求写封邮件邀请外教参观中国剪纸艺术展。写作情境设置真实，任务要求符合学生能力水平，自然地融
入了我国优秀传统文化(剪纸paper-cutting)的内容，能够引导学生在使用外语了解世界的同时，注重传承发扬中华民
族优秀文明成果，运用中国元素讲中国故事，增强文化自信。该写作贴近学生生活，学生有话可说。考生成文时应
注意：1. 结构采用三段成文：第一段自我介绍并引出话题；第二段具体交代活动时间、地点；第三段较为详细地交
代展览内容。2. 时态：以一般将来时和一般现在时为主。3. 人称：第一人称。4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章
自然、流畅。5. 适当使用一些高级词汇和句型以提高作文档次。
【满分范文】
Dear Henry，
I'm Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class. I know you're interested in one of Chinese traditional art
forms—paper-cutting. So I invite you to attend an exhibition of it.
It'll be held from June 10 to July 10 this year and the opening time is from 9：00 am to 7：00 pm from Monday to
Saturday and the place of the exhibition is at the City Gallery, which is located at 118, Jian Guo Road, Hai Dian District. Shall
we go there together this Friday afternoon? I will meet you at 2：00 pm at the teaching building gate if you like.
You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of which paper-cutting is one of the most popular. In the
exhibition, you will enjoy many special kinds of paper-cuttings. Maybe you can learn one or two skills of the cutting.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Regards,
Li Hua
3.【2017·全国卷III】
假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric 写封邮件邀请他加入，内容包
括：
1.
球队活动；
2.
报名方式及截止日期。
注意：
1.
词数100 左右；
2.
可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
【思路分析】
该篇书面表达是书信类文体，但是与体育有关，要求考生按照所给提示进行写作，可增加细节以使行文连贯。
在写作本文时考生需注意以下几点：1. 确定文章的结构：书信的开头、正文和结尾。2. 确定文章的要点：写信的
目的；表示感谢。3. 确定文章的布局。4. 确定文章的时态，在本文中根据要求判断应该用一般现在时和一般将来
时。5. 正确使用较高级词汇和多种句式，如定语从句，状语从句，主语从句等。6. 准确使用一些恰当的连接成分
以使语意更连贯。
【满分范文】
Dear Eric,
I am Li Hua. I am writing to invite you to join the table tennis team in our school. It is known that we can benefit a lot
from playing table tennis. It can prevent us from getting shortsighted and it can keep us physically healthy. As to the
activities, we plan to invite experienced players to giving training to us every Friday afternoon. At the same time, we will
divide the members into several groups to practice at 5:00pm after school.
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If you are interested, sign up on our school website before August 10.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
4.（2017·浙江卷）
第一节应用文写作
假定你是李华，计划组织一次郊游，请给你的英国朋友Chris 写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 参加者；
2. 时间、地点；
3. 活动：登山、野餐等。
注意：
1. 词数80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
【思路分析】
本试题是一篇半开放的作文，写作文体是电子邮件，写一封邀请信给Chris。要点提示中只列出了大概内容，包
括3 点(参加者，时间、地点和活动)，具体细节需要考生自己发挥。邀请信一般分为以下几部分：首先，要列出写
信的目的，并发出诚挚邀请；其次，要就邀请的具体内容给予明确的说明，什么时间，什么地点，做什么事情等；
最后，要再次表示邀请，希望对方参加。
【一句多译】
①My intention to write this letter is to tell you an outgoing that we will make these days.
②Our destination is Siming Mountain, where we will have a climb together with the local people we will hold a picnic
party.
【满分范文】
Dear Chris,
How are you now? ①The purpose of my writing is to tell you that there will be an outgoing for us these days. I would
be honored to have you there with us, enjoying the colorful days.
The occasion will start on the next Sunday morning. ②We will go to Siming Mountain, where we can have a climb.
What’s more, we can also hold a picnic party with the local people.
I really hope you can make it. And I do look forward to receiving your reply letter as soon as possible.
5.（2017·天津卷）
假设你是李津，与你以前的外籍教师Mrs. Green 一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况，请根据以下提示给
她回复一封邮件。
（1）简要介绍自己的学习和生活；
（2）告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者，并介绍为此所做的准备（如深入了解天津等）；
（3）希望她有机会重访天津。
注意：
（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：第十三届全运会
the 13th National Games
Dear Mrs. Green,
I’m glad to hear from you. ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
【思路分析】
这是一封邮件，要点都已经给出，关键在于要点要全面，不能有遗漏和省略。但是要点只是提纲，考生还要在
此基础上增加细节，不要逐字逐句翻译，同时要注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级
的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。审题时注意本文时态主要是一般现在时和现在完成时，描述要尽量选择简洁的
语言，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出来。难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和
固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。
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【满分范文】
Dear Mrs. Green,
I’m so glad to hear from you. While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, I’ve missed you a lot,
thinking about those happy moments when we stayed with you. Actually, I’ve been doing pretty well in my studies as well
as in my life. Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in. For example, I have
successfully got admitted as a volunteer for the 13th National Games, which is scheduled to be held at the end of this
August. To get admitted, I have made good preparations beforehand, trying to know as much as I could about my city,
Tianjin.
By the way, it’s my sincere hope that you can spare some time for a visit to Tianjin again, which has changed greatly
since you left.
Please let me know if you come to Tianjin.
Yours,
Li Jin
6.（2017·北京卷）
第一节（15 分）
你的英国朋友Jim 所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim
来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1.你建议的线路；
2.你的理由；
3.你的祝愿。
注意：1.词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua
【满分范文】
本文为提纲类作文。首先，学生要仔细阅读提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确有哪些要点。其次，要注
意提纲是文章的总体框架，要在提纲的范围内进行分析、构思和想象。要依据提示情景或词语，按照一定逻辑关系
来写。最后，要根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态,语态；语言表达要符合英语习惯。本文是一封信，按照内容要
求可以确定文章的框架结构，三段式，其中第一段写你所建议的路线，第二部分是本文的主体，要阐述你所建议的
路线的原因，好让他们有很好的掌握，最后一段，提出你的祝愿。写作时要注意准确运用时态、语态、上下文意
思连贯，符合逻辑关系。根据句意适当使用并列连词，同时也要合理运用高级词汇和高级句子为文章增色添彩。
【答案】
Dear Jim,
I’m happy to receive your letter and know you’re coming to China.
Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along
the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of
China and Chinese people. Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots.
That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.
Hope you’ll have a good time in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
【亮点说明】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。表语从句的使用：
That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.高级词汇的使用：highly recommended。连接词的合
理使用：Personally，moreover。
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专题24
书面表达图画式
一、2019 年高考真题
【2019·北京卷】
第二节(20 分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题社会实践活动。请根据以下四
幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：西瓜watermelon
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________【答案】
Last week I took part in a farmwork programme in the suburbs.
At the class meeting, our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Working is most beautiful”. And he
stressed the importance of working with our own hands. When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip.
On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.
When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents. And they were very proud of me.
【写作指导】
本文属于图画作文，要求根据图画内容写一篇英文周记。
【详解】假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。要求根
据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。图画作文内容要点比较清晰，其中包括：老师宣布活
动内容和意义，我为活动准备，在农场的劳动过程，介绍活动感受。这样有利于学生写作时发挥与扩展。全文可分
成三部分，开头段概括活动，中间段描述图画，结尾段总结收获和意义。文章用第一人称来写，使用一般过去时。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言表述通顺。使用了连接词、衔接词，使文章自然、流畅。文章使用了宾语从句how hard
it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.还使用了At the class meeting, When I got home, On the farm,
While working,
When I came back home 等过渡词。
二、2018 年高考真题
【2018·北京】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上
周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
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(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
【答案】
Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to
extremely rewarding.
On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gave them a
vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, and the exquisite
craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.
In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed
in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking
pictures from time to time.
Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and
pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea
house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.
At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It
suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to
spread our own culture to people all over the world.【解析】本文为图片介绍类作文，这类作文是根据给出的一幅或几
幅图画所提供的信息写短文。此类题的体裁较广泛，可以是记叙文、说明文，也可以是议论文。按照本文的要求可
知，是写一篇记叙文。
3. 连词成句，然后再连句成文。
运用适当的单词或短语正确表达各图的意思。然后再将各图的单个句子串连起来。
串连时，要注意使用适当的连接词语或过渡性语句，不至于让读者觉得文章中出现跳跃现象，更使上下文更为紧凑、
自然。
4. 反复审核，修改错误。
一篇文章写好后，应进行检查，看短文中是否有错，如拼写、用词、时态、语态及表达方面的错误。
5. 宜详则详，该略则略。
对于一些细节方面的内容，如果是文章必不可少的，在写作过程中是不可将其忽略的。
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如果是可有可无的细节，则可视具体情况进行增删。据此，我们在读图时一定要注意阅读各图中的一些细节内容，
看其是否影响文章的内容。
亮点说明：
巧妙使用定语从句，提升了文章档次：Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic
tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.
使用非谓语动词，使句子表达更简洁：
On arriving at the tea house…
I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety,
Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture
holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day.
使用倒装句突出重点。
Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.
使用it 做形式主语，使表达更地道。
It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value.
三、2017 年高考真题
[2017·江苏卷]
81. 请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(box-office income)的柱状图
．．．及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇
150 词左右的文章。
Saturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Centre.
Li Jiang：Hi，Su Hua. Which movie shall we see?
Su Hua：Whatever. We've got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to the West…Each sounds great!
Li Jiang：Yeah！And some movie stars are fantastic.
Su Hua: And the high-tech！…
Li Jiang：Perfect！Let's get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left.
Su Hua：No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor.
One Day in 2016.At Home.
Son：Mum，shall we go and see a film tonight?
Mother：Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It's convenient with our new and faster network.
Son：But it feels good in a cinema.
Mother：And the price…We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.
Son：Only 10 yuan more than last year.
Mother：But still we cannot get the money's worth. Some films are just boring…
【写作内容】
1．用约30 个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；
2．我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点)；
3．谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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【思路分析】
本题考查任务型读写。此类作文对考生的能力要求极高。首先考生要以30 词左右概述短文内容。接下来要分
析票房收入变化的原因并给出自己的看法，并谈谈自己对票房走向的看法。作文以第三人称和一般现在时为主。
要点：
1. 概述：中国电影票房在2012—2016 年间呈现不断增长的趋势，但是2016 年的增长相比于前几年很缓慢。
2. 分析原因：票房增长与人们生活水平的不断提高息息相关，人们有了多余的钱，才可能消费、娱乐；另一方面，
电影的制作技术日臻成熟，许多优质的电影不断上映；再者，互联网的普及无疑起到了很大的宣传作用。
3. 看法和理由：票房增速将会小幅上涨或有所回落。只要给出恰当的理由，对票房看涨或是看落皆可。
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写30 词的概述时，语言要简练、不拖沓。遣词造句要符合英语的表达习惯，尽量用上定语从句、状语从句和非谓
语动词与倒装句等语法和句型。同时注意语句的连贯性。
【参考范文】
The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40
billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016.
The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful
engine driving the constant growth in the box-office income. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of
movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And
the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to
a slower growth.
China's economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the
investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office income will probably enjoy a
slight increase.
[2017·北京卷]
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以
“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：视频video
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【思路分析】
本文属于看图说话类作文。首先要读懂图片隐含的信息，本文有四幅图，而且要求是按先后顺序，所以一定要
注意顺序的问题；其次，根据图片隐含的信息把每幅图的主题找到，然后分别写出每幅图的主题句，也就是说把文
章主体部分的大纲要列好，最后结合自己的看法，写出相应的总结和感受。写作的过程中一定要注意先后顺序，巧
用连接词，巧妙衔接，合理安排。
1. In order to leave some impressive memories for all of us before graduation, our class made a special video to
express our appreciation to…
2. carried out a discussion/various ideas were put forward
3. shot some wonderful videos in the school/interviewed our teachers…
4. Those who are talented in computer contributed to the making of the video.
5. edited the video/added our love to…
6. The show received a warm welcome among our fellow schoolmates.
7. Memories of the past flooded into our minds/firm bond to our school…
内容要点：
1. 讨论分工
2. 收集素材
3. 编辑制作
4. 放映视频
One possible version：
Graduation finally came. My classmates and I decided to do something. After a heated discussion, we agreed on
making a video to record our experiences at school. Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed
our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. The editing part after that was tough. We debated over what
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to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.
Several days later, when
the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time.
That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.
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