100日冲刺优等生百日捷进提升（英语）_初高中资料库_高中资料库（转存避免链接过期失效）_高中英语

试卷第1页，总92页
资料正文内容开始>>
专题1
语法填空（一）——词类复习
方法与知识
优等生基本没有知识的问题，所以优等生的备考冲刺重点在于：1.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；2.精选难度适
中的训练题。
名词
命题规律
名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。名词的考查强调语言的情景化，重点考查在特定语境、真实
语境中的准确辨析、选择和运用名词的能力。名词短语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。
另外，在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生
义的用法。
名词的考点归纳：
(1)抽象名词具体化：beauty 美、美丽（不可数名词）a beauty 美人、美丽的东西（可数名词）；experience 经验（不
可数名词）an experience 一次经历（可数名词）；surprise 吃惊、惊奇（不可数名词）a surprise 令人吃惊的人或事
（可数名词）；honor 荣誉、信誉（不可数名词）an honor 一种光荣的人或事（可数名词）；failure 失败（不可数名
词）a failure/failures 失败的人或事（可数名词）等等。
(2)名词短语的固定的搭配：have/gain access to 接近，到达；take … into consideration 考虑；take advantage of 利用；
in consequence of 由于…… 的缘故；put into effect 实行，生效等等。
【考例分析】
1.“Learn through use” is a good piece of
________ (advise) for those
who
are studying a new language.
【答案与解析】advice
一条建议，此处应用名词形式。
2.I'll stop and take a deep ____.
【答案与解析】考查名词。take a deep breath 深呼吸，喘口气。
3.We don’t have to take great pains to control waste, but action and a grateful heart are needed; thank the water that
runs through our fingers, and save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water ______ (short);
【答案与解析】shortage 考查名词。根据句意：为贫穷的因水资源短缺而争斗的阿拉伯国家或非洲国家节约水，此
处应填写short 的名词形式，故正确词语是shortage。
4.With the ____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious.
【答案与解析】随着工业的发展，空气污染变得越来越严重。考查名词：发展：development
5.Air pollution is caused by the following 3_________: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles.
【答案与解析】空气污染是由下面的原因造成的。考查名词“原因”reasons
6. If everybody realizes the ___________(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem
will be solved.
【答案与解析】如果每个人都注意到环境的重要性。考查名词“重要性”：importance
【方法总结】1.介词和动词后面可能缺宾语，这时填名词；2.考查含有名词的固定短语；3.句子缺主语时也可能填
名词作主语；4.冠词后面可能填名词；5 一定要注意名词的单复数形式。
代词
命题规律
一、代词是每年必考，贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识。考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前提下，强
调在具体语境中理解和使用代词。
二、不定代词是代词中最重要、句法作用也是最为活跃的部分之一。因而，在复习中要注意总结、归纳，特别
应熟记一批有特点的例句，以加深印象，更加准确地把握其用法。
三、平时要多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一定要重视。
代词高考常考点
（1）人称代词：人称代词作主语一般用主格形式，做宾语用宾格形式，作表语用主格形式，做定语用所有格形式。
反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语，作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。特别注意：①人称代词用作表语时，如说
明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。②在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替代主格形式。
（2）反身代词：反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce 等动词和by, for, to 等介词的宾语，还可以
作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。
（3）指示代词：指示词有this, that, these, those 等。注意以下4 点：①this, these 是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第2页，总92页
here 连用；that, those 是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there 连用。②指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，
指下文的事只能用this。③打电话时，用this 来介绍自己，用that 来问对方，不用I 或you。④this 和that 还可表
示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。
（4）不定代词：①表示两者“都”用both，表示两者“都不”用neither/nor，表示两者中的“任一”用either。②表示多
者“都”用all，表示多者“都不”用none，no one, neither, nobody, nothing 等表示多者中的“任一”用any。③all 单独使用，
或者后接一个定语从句，或者前面有物主代词时，意为everything 或the only thing(s)。④another 或“another＋单数
可数名词”泛指“另一个，有一个，再一个”，其复数形式是others 或“other＋复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”，有
some…others(一些…另一些…)之搭配。the other(+单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个，常有one…the other(一个…另
一个…)的搭配；其复数形式the others 或“the other ＋复数名词”特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，“其余的”“剩
下的”人或物。another 还可用于“another＋基数词或few＋复数名词”中，与“数词或some＋more/other ＋复数名词”
相当。⑤everything(一切事，最重要的事), everyone =everybody (每个人，所有人); something(某事，重要的人或事物),
someone =somebody(某/有人，重要的人); anything(什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物), anyone =anybody(任何人，
无论谁，重要的人); nothing(没有东西，什么也没有，不重要的人或事), no one=nobody(没有人，不重要的人)等。它
们还与别有词构成很多习语，如for nothing(徒劳，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，等等。
（5）代词it(they),one(ones)和that(those)的用法：①代词one 和it 都可以代替上文中提到的可数名词，但one 指代
的是与上文中提到的同类物（复数用ones,主格和宾格相同）；而it 指代的是上文提到的同一物品（复数用they（主
格）和them（宾格）。②one(ones)和that(those)这几个代词都可以代替上文中提到的名词，但使用时应注意：替代
不可数名词时用that,或者省略不用名词，或者重复那个名词，但不可用one 来代替。替代单数可数名词时用one 和
that 均可，但泛指用one(相当于a/an+名词）；特指时用that（相当于the+名词）。one(ones)可以有形容词等前置修
饰语，也可以有后置修饰语（of 短语除外）；而that(those)不能有前置修饰语，它（们）的修饰语只能后置。后跟
of 短语时，一般只能用that(those)。
【考例分析】
【例1 】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult ______ was to choose a suitable
Christmas present for her father.
【解析】it
作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语to choose……。
【例2】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present
which was bound to please ______.
【解析】him
please him (使他高兴)，填代词；根据句意，此处指代her father。
【例3】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?”
【解析】it
指前面提到的“水(the water)”。
【方法总结】句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。
形容词和副词
命题规律
形容词与副词主要考查以下几个方面：考查形容词作状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语
搭配；与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加ly 构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。
另外，在熟练掌握形容词与副词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意一些形容词与副词的基本意义之外的引
申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。
形容词与副词基本用法：
（1）形容词和副词的辨析
形容词和副词的辨析主要分为两类：一类是给出语境，让学生填出符合这种语境的形容词或副词；另一类是形
容词或副词的词形变化。近三年常考的有：
形容词：appropriate；conscious；generous；reasonable；confident；creative；grateful ；important；spare；public；
convenient；apparent；unchallenged；vital；available；specific；similar；available；affordable；acceptable；valuable
副词：①hopefully；curiously；occasionally；gradually ②thus；besides；rather；otherwise ③competitively；recently；
reasonably ④besides；however；therefore；instead ⑤besides；otherwise；however；altogether ⑥especially；equally；
naturally；normally ⑦nevertheless；besides；otherwise；therefore ⑧especially；regularly；particularly；approximately
（2）形容词和副词比较等级
比较等级的常见句型：①两者比较，用“比较级＋than”表示。②表示“两者之间较……的那个”用“the＋比较级
＋n.＋of the two ＋n.”。③表示“越……，就越……”用“the ＋比较级，the ＋比较级”。④as＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...
表示“和……一样”。⑤not as/so＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...表示“不如……”
比较等级前常用的修饰语：a little, a bit, slightly，much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still 等。
否定词＋比较级＝最高级：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义。
【考例分析】
【例1】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness
and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).”
【解析】sweeter 句意是“什么也不会比这更甜”=这是世界上最甜的东西。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第3页，总92页
【例2】I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day.
【解析】later
指那天晚些时候。
【例3】It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t
stop the kids in the class.
【解析】harder
句中a little 修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”作宾补。
【方法总结】当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。
介词及介词短语
命题规律
一、对介词句法功能的考查：介词构成的短语，可以在句子中充当定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等；介词有
时在句子中活用为副词，充当状语。
二、对常用介词的辨析：介词用法多且复杂，相近的意思又可以有不同的介词表示，介词更着重与动词、形容
词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查，所以要根据语境和交际条件灵活运用介词；同时对常用的介词要重点进行区别
整理。
三、对介词短语搭配的考查：介词常和某些形容词、动词和名词联合运用，形成固定搭配，表示各种不同的意
思，只要记住这些固定搭配，准确把握词组的语义。
介词与介词短语高考常考点：
（1）常见介词的活用
by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for 等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握
句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：①over 可表位置，意为“在……上方，
越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有“在……(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。
②by 的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”
等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by 构成的常见短语有：by and by 不久，迟早；by and large 大体上；by oneself
单独；by the way 顺便说说；by far……得多，最……
by chance 碰巧；by accident 偶然地；by means of 借助；by no
means 绝不，一点也不；by mistake 错误地。③with 可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；
对于，关于”等意思。with 还可用来表示原因。④beyond 表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……
之外；(范围)超过，为……所不及，超出……的范围”等意思。
（2）介词短语的主要类型
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用：①介词+名
词：on the contrary 相反；in turn 依次；in one’s opinion 根据某人的看法；in detail 详细地；out of reach 够不着；beyond
description 难以描述地；out of question 不成问题；out of the question 不可能。②动词+介词：remind sb. of sth.提醒
某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的……；result from 由……引起；call at 访问(某地)。③形容词+介词：be curious about
对……好奇；be proud of 因……而自豪；be popular with 受到……的欢迎；be absorbed in 全神贯注于；be enthusiastic about
热衷于。④介词短语：apart from 除……之外；in addition to 除……之外(还)；because of 因为；instead of 代替；in fear
of 为……提心吊胆；for fear of 以免；in case of 防备；thanks to 由于；in the middle of 在……中间；according to 根据；
in front of 在……前面；in return for 作为对……的回报；in charge of 负责；as a result of 作为……的结果；in exchange for
与……交换等
【考例分析】
【例1】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman ______ the
trouble.
【解析】for
reward sb. for sth. 表示“因……而酬谢/报答某人”。
【例2】He did so the next day. He was very tired ______ doing this for a whole day.
【解析】after/from
A.用介词after 表示“在……之后”；B. be tired from doing sth.为“因做某事而累”。
【例3】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ______ table having
supper.
【解析】at
at table 表示“在进餐”，是习惯搭配。【方法总结】当“……（+限定词）+名词”或“……+代词/doing/从句”在
句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。
体验高考
1.【2017·新课标I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which
was started by the medical community（医学界）
61
a method of fighting heart disease, has had some
unintended side
62
(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was
trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required
63
(process) the food that we eat, to recover
from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt
64
(remove) from food, the food tastes as
if is missing something. As
65
result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even
66
(bad),
the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food
67
(be) full of fat and salt; by
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第4页，总92页
68
(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the
taste of your food. However, be
69
(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of
both,
70
is not good for the health.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来
说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会收到损害。
61. as 考查介词。句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as 表示“做为，以...身份”，故
填as。
62. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some 可知“副作
用side effect”有很多，故填effects。
63. to process 考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物require 表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人
做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。
64. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉分析可知fat，salt 和move 之间是被动关系，
脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
65. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result 表示“结果”，句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
66. worse
考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
67. is
考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food 的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名
词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
68. eating 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by
可知此处应该填名词，所以填eat 的动名词形式。故填eating。
69. careful
考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be 后面应该用形容词做表语，故填careful。
70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good
for the health 为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。
【名师点睛】
语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200 词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10 处空白，部分空白的后面给出
单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3 个
单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填
写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：
一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，
或是填写非谓语动词；
二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；
三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；
四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。
有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词
例如第62 题has had some unintended side
62
(effect) such as overweight and heart disease，给出了提示
词effect。考生可以从词性变化和单复数两方面考虑，effect 可变为形容词effective，变为副词effectively，分析语境
可知划线处应该填名词，不需要做词性上的变化。所以考生可以从单复数方面考虑，根据划线处前的some 可知应
该填名词的复数形式。所以考生可以确定正确答案为effects。
无提示词：考查冠词，介词，连词，代词
例如第70 题it is possible to have too much of both,
70
is not good for the health. 结合语境可知作者要表达
“很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处”的意思。分析可知which is not good for the health 为非限制性定
语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”，所以填which。
2. 【2017·新课标II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers
and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ word. It took
three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the
track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers,
with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than
25,000 people were using___67__ every day.
Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known
to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The
central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had
white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第5页，总92页
61.crowds 考查名词，crowd 前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds.
62.from 考查介词，to and from 来回，故填from.
63.laying 考查动词，这里是由and 连接的三个动词-ing 形式，故填laying.
64.the 考查名词，top 是名词，前要用冠词，故填the.
65.were used 考查被动语态，根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物，故填were used.
66.fairly 考查副词，这里fair 是形容词，pleasant 也是形容词，所以需要将fair 变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly.
67.it 考查代词，这里用it 指代前句的railway,故填it.
68.managed 考查动词，本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed.
69.introduction 考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction.
70.successful 考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful.
【名师点睛】
在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的【小题69】，横线前是冠词the，所以横线上要使用名词
introduction。【小题66】，在英语中，副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修
饰名词。所以本句中使用副词fairly 作状语修饰形容词pleasant。
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或
副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关
系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less 等。
考点：考查语法填空
3. [2016·全国卷Ⅰ] 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas
are its top 1.________(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for
research. I 2.________(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their
UK ambassador. The title will be
3.________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with
pandas goes back 4.________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5.________ I was the first Western TV reporter
6.________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties
will include 7.________(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the
misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8.________ (it) mother. The nursery
team switches him every few 9.________(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10.________ other is
with Mum—she never suspects.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”和大熊猫之间的故事。
1．attraction
考查名词。形容词top 后面跟名词形式。
2．was allowed
考查时态和语态。根据句意可知，作者是被允许走近这些动物。
3．officially
考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。
4．to
考查介词。固定短语：go back to 回到。
5．when
考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，缺少状语，先行词是时间名词，故填when。
6．permitted
考查过去分词。被修饰名词和permit 之间是被动关系，用过去分词。
7．introducing
考查现在分词。include 后面用动名词或名词。
8．its
考查代词。这里指代前面的twin，用its。
9．days
考查名词复数。few 修饰复数名词。
10．the
考查冠词。固定句式：one…the other…“一个……另一个……”。
4.[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of
1.________
(great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 2.________ (achieve).
Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3.________ (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 4.________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and
try to be as productive 5.________ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the
afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 6.________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7.________ (regular).
Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8.________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 9.________ (bring) your work home. It
could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 10.________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第6页，总92页
stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了我们在遇到工作压力的时候应该怎样做才能提高效率并减轻工
作压力。
1．greater
考查比较级。此处是一种并列关系，结合后面的less importance 的形式可知，填其比较级形式。
2．achievement
考查名词。根据空格前面的介词of 可知，此处使用名词形式，作介词的宾语。
3．is
考查主谓一致。本句是动名词作主语，因此谓语动词使用单数形式。
4．on
考查介词。此处是一个固定词组focus on“关注……”。很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意
力更集中。
5．as
考查连词。此处是一个“as…as possible”的固定结构，因此填as。
6．studies
考查名词。本句的谓语动词是show，故主语应用复数名词studies。
7．regularly
考查副词。修饰动词短语take short breaks 使用副词形式。
8．a
考查冠词。此处是一个固定结构for a while，意为“一会儿”。
9．to bring
考查不定式。此处是一个固定词组be likely to do sth “有可能做某事”。
10．make
考查时态。此处是一个祈使句，因此使用动词原形。
模拟新题精选
1. 【四川省德阳市2018 届高三一诊】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Tiger Parents Do No Good to Kids’ Development
Digging through kids’ school bags, looking up all the assignments, sitting beside them going through each item, and
finally______41______(have) all the homework checked with a name signed is a ______42______(day) routine for most
Chinese parents, as required by teachers. A demanding task especially after a long day’s work at office, isn’t it?
___43___(luck), some parents in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, have been liberated. A local primary school has recently
announced that parents will no longer have to sign their names on their kids’ homework, as students should be
responsible____44____their own assignments.
Making mistakes is _____45_____essential part of the process of understanding. Who cares how much you___46___
(score) in your homework after you have settled down in life and found your directions? The_____47_____(able) to realize
one’s mistakes and learn from them is what matters, which is also the main purpose of education. Why not give students a
chance____48____(find) out and correct their mistakes themselves?
It is by no_____49_____(mean)parents’ duty to go through the kids’ assignments.____50____ parents are supposed to
do is to create a friendly studying environment for kids, and teach them to be an independent learner. After all, independent
learning is much more important than high scores.
【答案】41. having
42. daily
43. Luckily
44. for
45. an
46. have scored
47. ability
48. to find
49. means
50. What
【解析】文章针对当下父母过多地帮助孩子做作业检查作业这一现象，告诉我们家长不要过多参与孩子学习，让他
们在错误中自己成长。
41. having
考查动词形式。此处与句中的Digging, looking, sitting,并列，几个并列成分合做主语，故填having.
42. daily
考查形容词。此处修饰名词routine 用形容词，指日常的工作，故填daily.
43. Luckily
考查副词。此处表示“幸运的是”，单独作状语用副词，故填Luckily.
44. for
考查介词。此处指学生们应该为自己的作业负责，be responsible for “对…负责”，是固定搭配。故填for.
45. an
考查冠词。句中part 是单数可数名词，此处指出错是理解的过程的一个基本部分，essential 开头是元音音标，表示“一
个”用an，故填an.
46. have scored
47. ability
考查名词。此处由The 限定后用名词，指认识自己错误的能力，故填ability.
48. to find
考查动词不定式。此处是不定式作定语修饰chance，指学生自己发现和改正错误的机会。故填to find.
49. means
考查名词。by no means “绝不”，是固定短语。故填means.
50. What
考查代词。此处引导主语从句，指父母应该做的事情，故填What.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第7页，总92页
2. 【福建省百所重点校2018 届高三年上学期联合考试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单
词的正确形式。
“The only female giant panda in Britain____41____(believe) to be pregnant,” Edinburgh Zoo said Thursday. The zoo
said, “Tian Tian is being____42____(close) monitored, but it’s unclear____43____she will give birth. It’s hard to predict
exactly and the panda breeding (繁殖) season can last until late September.”
Tian Tian and male panda Yang Guang, who are both 14,___44___(arrive) in Edinburgh on a decade-long loan from
China in 2011 and are____45____only giant pandas in Britain. Tian Tian, or Sweetie, has been pregnant several___46___
(time) before in the U. K. but has never given birth.
Giant pandas have difficulty breeding and their pregnancies are very difficult____47____(follow). The animals also
experience “pseudo-pregnancies (伪怀孕)”, during____48____their behavior and hormonal (生理的) changes indicate they
are pregnant even when they are not.
The zoo’s statement came after the Edinburgh Evening Nevus used the Freedom of Information Act to obtain
communication between the zoo and Scottish government____49____(show) that Tian Tian had been artificially
inseminated and could give birth as early as this week. In a July 25 email, Iain Valentine, panda____50____(direct) at the
Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, said he thought Tian Tian was about 30 days away from giving birth.
【答案】41. is believed
42. closely
43. when
44. arrived
45. the
46. times
47. to follow
48. which
49. showing
50. director
【解析】本文主要报道了英国唯一的雌性大熊猫“甜甜”怀孕了的新闻。
41. 考查语态。“英国唯一的雌性大熊猫”和“认为”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，填is believed。
42. 考查副词。修饰动词monitored，用副词closely，所以填closely。
43. 考查语义理解。但是它什么时候会产仔并不清楚。表示“什么时候”，所以填when。
44. 考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以填arrived。
45. 考查冠词。特指“是英国仅有的大熊猫”，所以用定冠词，填the。
46. 考查名词。在英国，“甜甜”之前已经怀孕过几次了。表示“次数”，所以填times。
47. 考查不定式。它们的怀孕追踪起来很困难。用不定式的主动表示和主语之间的动宾关系，所以填to follow。
48. 考查非限制性定语从句。during ___8___ their behavior and hormonal (生理的) changes indicate they are
pregnant 是一个非限制性定语从句，介词+ 关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which。
49. 考查非谓语动词。show 与其逻辑主语The zoo’s statement 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填showing。
50. 考查名词。这里表示“苏格兰英国皇家学会”的熊猫指导。作句子主语，用名词，所以填director。
3. 【广东省化州市2018 届高三上学期第二次高考模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1 个适当的单词或括号内单
词的正确形式。
Fake news has long been ___41___ serious problem, and social media ___42___ (blame) for allowing fake news
stories to spread. US tech___43___ (company) Facebook and Google have been using ___44___ (analyze) technology to
fact-check stories and add labels ___45___ dubious (可疑的) ones to warn their readers.
But recently a survey ___46___ (find) that as many as 60 percent of people in the US still think that not enough is
being done___47___ (keep) internet users away from fake news. According to Eric Carvin, social media editor at the
Associated Press, ___48___(fight) fake news is like “whack-a-mole (打地鼠游戏)”, she said, ___49___ means that for now,
we’ll just have to rely on ___50___ (we) common sense to decide what’s real and what isn’t.
【答案】41. a
42. has been blamed
43. companies
44. analytical
45. to
46. found
47. to keep
48. fighting
49. which
50. our
【解析】试题分析：虚假新闻一直是一个严重的问题。脸书和谷歌公司一直使用分析技术核实事实，给可疑的
故事添加标签来警告读者。但是虚假新闻就像打地鼠，需要我们依靠常识来辨别。
41. 考查冠词。句意：虚假新闻长期以来一直是一个严重的问题。problem 是可数名词，结合句意，故填a。
42. 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：……社交媒体应为允许虚假新闻的传播负责。主语social media 与谓语动词
blame 是被动关系，根据上文提到的has long been 可推断，用现在完成时态。主语是第三人称单数。故填has been
blamed。
43. 考查名词。根据下文提到的脸书和谷歌两个公司可知，此处用复数。故填companies。
44. 考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，analytical technology“分析技术”。故填analytical。
45. 考查介词。句意：……给可疑的故事添加标签来警告读者。add…to…“增添……到……上”是常用搭配。
故填to。
46. 考查动词。根据时间状语recently 可推断，句子讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。主语a survey 与谓语动
词find 是主动关系。故填found。
47. 考查非谓语动词。“__7___ (keep) internet users away from fake news”是作目的状语，不定式短语常用作目
的状语。故填to keep。
48. 考查非谓语动词。句意：……与虚假新闻作战像打地鼠。fighting fake news 作主语，作主语用动名词形式。
故填fighting。
49. 考查定语从句。which 引导定语从句，which 指代整个主句“___8___(fight) fake news is like “whack-a-mole”，
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第8页，总92页
从句中作主语。故填which。
50. 考查代词。句意：……我们必须依靠我们的常识来断定哪些是真的，哪些是假的。修饰名词用形容词性物
主代词。故填our。
4. 【安徽省皖南八校2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词
的正确形式。
Tea is one of the most popular____41____(drink)in the world. You make it by pouring hot water over the___42___
(dry)leaves of a tea plant. For centuries people believed that tea could cure illnesses, and they used it as medicine. Today
scientists know that tea contains chemicals that prevent cells from____43____(die). Most teas have caffeine in them, a
substance that makes you feel more active. Some people have problems drinking tea because it can cause
___44___(sleepless).
The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places___45___rain falls throughout the year. Teas can be grown
from sea level___46___about 2,000 metres, but the best quality grows in higher regions.
Tea ___47___(come)from the leaves and buds of tea plants. Wild plants can be up to 9 metres high but on tea
plantations(茶园)they ___48___(cut)back to a bush of about a metre in height so that workers can pull the leaves
___49___(easy). It takes a plant three to five years before it is ready for plucking(采摘).
A plucker can harvest about 20 kg of tea a day. on large tea plantations the leaves are harvested by machines,
___50___the quality of tea is higher when the leaves are plucked by hand.
【答案】41. drinks
42. dried
43. dying
44. sleeplessness
45. where
46. to
47. comes
48. are cut
49. easily
50. but
【解析】本文属于饮食类。主要讲述茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一，及喝茶的作用，茶的种植。
41. drinks
考查名词的复数。句意：茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一。根据句意可知是最受欢迎的饮料之一，应该是复
数，故用drinks.
42. dried
考查过去分词作状语。句意：你可以热水泡干的茶叶。根据常识可知茶叶是烘干的，故要用dried 作定语，被
烧坏的，dried。
43. dying
44. sleeplessness
考查名词作宾语。句意：它会导致失眠。动词cause 后要跟名词作宾语，故要用sleepessness。
45. where
考查定语从句。茶树在热带和温带地区生长最好，那里全年有雨水降落。先行词places 在从句中作地点状语，
故用where。
46. to
考查固定搭配。句意：茶叶可以从海平面生长到2000 米左右。from…to…,从……到……，故选to。
47. comes
考查谓语动词。句意：茶来自茶树的叶子和芽。Tea 是个不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数，故用comes。
48. are cut
考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：野生植物可以高达9 米，茶园里的植物被削减到约一米的灌木丛。他们(植
物)是被砍，是复数。故要用被动。
49. easily
考查副词修饰动词。句意：工人可以把树叶很容易地摘下来。Easy 修饰动词pull，形容词不能修饰动词，故用
副词easily。
50. but
考查转折连词。大茶园的叶子是由机器收割，但是手工采摘的茶叶质量更高。分析句意可知两句是转折关系，
故用but。
5. 【“江淮十校”2018 届高三联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形
式。
Mr.Perkins stood at the bus stop and watched the cars go by.Many of the cars were new Beta 400s,and most of
___41___were yellow.Mr.Perkins always___42___(wear) the same clothes as other men,ate the same food as other
people,and did the same things after work and at the end of the week.Mr.Perkins did not like to be___43___(differ).The
following week,Mr.Perkins bought a new,bright yellow Beta 400.He was satisfied___44___it,and drove it to work in the
very next day.He was very happy when he saw all the other Beta 400s in front,behind,and on both___45___(side) of him.
Mr.Perkins parked his car in a big parking lot near his office,and worked the rest of the day.But when he came back at five
o'clock,there were___46___many bright yellow Beta 400s in the car-park that he did not know___47___was his car.He
tried his key in some of the cars,but people___48___(pass) by gave him a look he didn't like.So he stopped.Poor Mr.Perkins
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第9页，总92页
hard to wait___49___(patience) until his car was the only one that___50___(leave)in the parking lot.
【答案】41. them
42. wore
43. difference
44. with
45. sides
46. so
47. which
48. passing
49. patiently
50. was left
41. them
考查代词。此处指代new Beta 400s 用于介词of 后作宾语用宾格，故填them.
42. wore
考查动词时态。与上下句所给时态were, did 一致也用过去时，故填wear 的过去式wore.
43. difference
考查名词。此处指他不喜欢与众不同，be difference“与众不同”，故填difference.
44. with
考查介词。此处是be satisfied with 的用法，表示“对…满意”是固定搭配，故填with.
45. sides
考查名词。此处由both 修饰名词用复数，指两边，故填sides.
46. so
考查副词。此处是so …that 句型，表示“如此…以至于”，so 修饰形容词many 指如此多，故填so.
47. which
考查代词。此处指他不知道哪一个车是他的，表示“哪一个”，故填which.
48. passing
考查非谓语动词。句中主语people 和动词pass 是主动关系用-ing 形式，作people 的定语，故填passing.
49. patiently
考查副词。此处修饰动词wait 用副词，指耐心地等待，故填patiently.
50. was left
考查时态语态。that 在此引导定语从句，指代the only one。句中car 和动词leave 是被动关系，指车被留下。与上
下文时态一致也用过去时，故填过去时的被动was left.
资料正文内容开始>>
专题2 语法填空（二）——语法复习
方法与知识
优等生基本没有知识的问题，所以优等生的备考冲刺重点在于：1.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；2.精选难度适
中的训练题。
动词的时态和语态
命题规律
时态与语态一直是热点，也是广大考生复习备考的难点。考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力，能在
具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态；熟练掌握常见的8 种时态，弄清16 种时态，同时还要熟练运用特殊
时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大，不易把握。大
部分时态题答案的选择取决于语境；但也有部分时态试题较易把握，其用法相对固定，常见于特定句式结构中；还
有部分常见时态用法特殊。
时态和语态高考常考点：
（1）一般现在时考点分析：①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动
词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。③表示知觉、态度、感
情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、
want、think、belong seem 等。④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件
状语从句中可以用shall 或will 表“意愿”，但不表示时态。⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、
fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop 等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第10页，总92页
发生的动作。当be 表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
（2）一般过去时的考点分析：①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间
状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去
式。②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常用用一般过去时。
（3）一般将来时考点分析：①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如
tomorrow、next week 等）。②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave
等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。④be going to 与will / shall, be to do, be about to do 用法及区别：be going to 表
示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do 表示未事先
考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will 则能，表意愿。
be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。be about to do sth.表示“即可，
就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
（4）现在进行时考点分析：①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期
特定的安排或计划；go、come 等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示
心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的
状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit,
promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
（5）过去完成时考点分析：①常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、
since 后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned
/ meant / intended/though / wanted / expected 等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned … + to
have done。（C）“时间名词+ before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ ago”在句中作状语，
谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
（D）表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语+ 过去分词+ when / than / before + 一般
过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.②
在before 或after 引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。
（6）过去将来时考点分析。参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、
leave 等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。
（7）过去进行时考点分析。①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。②某一动作发生时另
一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when 或while 引导的时间状语从句中。
（8）现在完成时考点分析。①现在完成时除可以和for、since 引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：
during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years 等。②下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has
been) + 一段时间+ since 从句；This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时；This(That / It)is the only … + that
+ 完成时；This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句+ 完成时。③在时间或条件状语从句中，
现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。
（9）被动语态考点分析：被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被
动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态
（by 短语有时可以省略）。使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题：①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。②主动变被动时，
宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。④情态动词
和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better 等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变
为be +过去分词。⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report 等时，被动语态
有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it 作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后
面用主语从句来表示。
【考例分析】
【例1】He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
【解析】was pretending
由“and giving”可确定，用过去进行时，构成并列谓语。
【例2】Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for
children.
【解析】is spent
money 与spend 之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，从句时态提示应用一般现在时。
【例3】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ______
(find) that he has run out of salt.
【解析】found
主格代词he 后应为谓语动词，由语境由One day 和“invited”可知，用一般过去时。
【例4】In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ____(be) unimaginable that it
could ever be cleaned up. [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]
【解析】was
考查动词时态。上文提到的事情是1969 年的事情，所以这里应该用过去式。
【例5】One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop . . . . . . A boy on a bike __65__(catch) my attention. [2014·新课标全国
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第11页，总92页
卷Ⅱ]
【解析】caught
考查动词时态。根据文章第一句“One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop…”可知本文叙述的是一
件过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。
【例6】Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi ____(call) “shadow boxing” in English. [2014·辽宁卷]
【解析】is called 考查被动语态。这句话的意思是：太极在英语中被称为是shadow boxing，这里用一般现在时的
被动：is called。
【例7】He walked in as if he ____ (buy) the school. [2012·广东卷]
【解析】had bought
考查虚拟语气及时态。在主格人称代词he 后，显然是作谓语；又因他不可能买下了这个学校，
故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。
【例8】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen .Suddenly, he
_______ (find)that he had run out of salt. 【2013·广东卷】
【解析】found。考查谓语动词的时态。根据句意：他突然发现他没有盐了。此处缺谓语，再根据本文为讲述一个
故事，故这里谓语动词应用一般过去时。
【方法总结】规律方法5：如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气？
(1) 寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。
(2) 利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法，
(3) 判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等，通常用一般现在时。
非谓语动词
命题规律
非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing 形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也
是每年高考热点中的热点。考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基
本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；
掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。
非谓语动词高考常考点：
（1）非谓语动词的时态和语态
主动形式
被动形式
动词不定
式
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
完成式
to have done
to have been
done
完成进行式
to have been
doing
动词－
ing
形式
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been
done
过去分词
只有一种形式done
（2）非谓语动词作状语
①不定式作状语：a.作目的状语，有时用in order to 或so as to。b. 作结果状语，常用结构enough to，too...to...，
only to 等。c. 作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised 等。d. 在“主语
＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”的结构中，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
②动词－ing 形式(现在分词)作状语：a. 动词－ing 形式(现在分词)作状语时与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几
乎同时发生，having done 表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作。b. 动词－ing 形式(现在分词)可作时间、原
因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。
③过去分词作状语：a. 过去分词作状语时与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。b. 某些动
词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时作状语时相当于形容词作状语。
④不定式与动词－ing 形式(现在分词)作结果状语的比较：不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果；而动词－ing
形式(现在分词)作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。
⑤动词－ing 形式(现在分词)与过去分词作状语的比较：作状语时，是用动词－ing 形式(现在分词)还是过去分词，
取决于该动词与主语之间的关系，若为意义上的主动关系，则用动词－ing 形式(现在分词)；若为动宾关系，则用过
去分词。
（3）非谓语动词作定语
①不定式作定语：a. 不定式作定语时与所修饰的词之间存在动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，一
般要跟相应的介词。但是，如果不定式修饰的名词是time，place，way 等，不定式后面的介词习惯省去。b. 若名词
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第12页，总92页
前有序数词、最高级或no，all，only 等修饰，后面一般用不定式作定语。c. 用来修饰抽象名词时常用不定式作定
语，常见的有ability，chance，attempt，warning 等。
②动词－ing 形式(现在分词)作定语：动词－ing 形式(现在分词)作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关
系，表示动作的主动和进行。
③过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示动作的被动和完成。
（4）非谓语动词作宾语(主语)补足语：
①不定式作宾补：a. 常跟不定式作宾补的动词有advise，allow，ask，tell，teach，encourage，cause 等。b. 感
官动词和使役动词后面作宾补的不定式不带to，但变为被动语态，作主补的不定式需带to。常见的词有：一感觉：
feel；二听：listen to，hear；三使：let，have，make；四看：see，watch，notice，observe 等。另外，help 后作宾补
的不定式符号to 可有可无。c. 下列结构中用不定式作主补，例如be said/reported/believed/considered to 等。
②动词－ing 形式(现在分词)作宾补：动词－ing 形式(现在分词)作宾补时强调宾语发出的动作正在进行。常见带
有这种复合宾语的动词有：六让：make，let，have，get，keep，leave；三看：look at，see，watch；两听：listen to，
hear；一注意：notice；一发现：find；一感觉：feel 等。
③过去分词作宾补：过去分词作宾补时其动词形式与宾语发出的动作有逻辑上的被动关系，且表示完成。
（5）非谓语动词作宾语：
①有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，常见的有agree，afford，decide，determine，expect，hope，manage，refuse，
offer，pretend，wish，promise 等。
②有些动词或短语只能跟动词－ing 形式(动名词)作宾语，常见的有admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，
dislike，escape，excuse，imagine，mind，miss(错过)，risk，suggest, be used to(习惯于)，can't stand(无法忍受)，give
up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote to，stick to，object to，get down to 等。
③有些动词既可跟不定式又可跟动词－ing 形式(动名词)作宾语，意义区别不大，但表示经常性的动作常用动词
－ing 形式(动名词)，表示具体的动作常用不定式，常见的有begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer 等。
④有些动词或短语既可跟不定式又可跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，但意义有着明显的区别，常见的有：forget
to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)；forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)；remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)；
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)；try to do sth. 尽力去做某事；try doing sth. 试着做某事；regret to do sth. 对
即将做的事感到遗憾(未做)；regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)；stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事(此处
不定式作状语)；doing sth. 停止做某事；mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；go on to do sth.
继续做另一件事；go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事；can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事；can't help doing sth. 情不
自禁做某事
⑤动词need，want，require 后跟doing 作宾语时，主动形式表示被动含义，另外be worth doing 也是主动表示
被动。
⑥介词后一般跟动词－ing 形式(动名词)作宾语，但but/except 后接不定式作宾语，若前面有实义动词do 则不带
to，反之则带to。
⑦动词如find，feel，expect，think，consider，make 等词后接不定式作宾语，宾语后跟形容词或名词作宾补，
此时要用it 作形式宾语。
⑧某些动词跟动词－ing 形式(动名词)作宾语，但需跟不定式作宾补，常见的有allow，permit，forbid，advise，
consider 等。
（6）非谓语动词作主语和表语：
①不定式与动词－ing 形式(动名词)作主语和表语的区别：不定式表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动
词－ing 形式(动名词)表示抽象的、泛指的动作。作主语时常用it 作形式主语而把不定式或动词－ing 形式(动名词)
置后。
②过去分词与动词－ing 形式(现在分词)作表语的区别：两者作表语时基本都是已经形容词化的动词－ing 形式
(动名词)或过去分词，此时表示“令人……的”用动词－ing 形式(现在分词)；表示“感到……的”用过去分词。
【考例分析】
【例1】It is so dangerous that our guides will have guns
(scare) the animals away if they come too near.
【答案】to scare
【解析】考查非谓语动词。不定式表目的。
【例2】H The next day, a man named Zhi Sou saw them working and tried to stop them, ______ (say), “You are silly!...”
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词做状语, 表示主动。
【例3】Later, ______ (move) by Yu Gong, the God of the Heavens ordered another god to take the two big mountains away.
【答案】moved，
【解析】考查非谓语动词。过去分词做状语，表示被动。
【例4】But she is thinking of
(switch) to a different way of transport--a bicycle．
【答案】switching
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第13页，总92页
【解析】考查非谓语动词。think of 后面跟动名词，作宾语。
【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词？
(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来
引导，如果句子中出现了连词，应选谓语动词形式；如果两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。
(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。
确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的
动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主
语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断
非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以
下特点：
1．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词；
2．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。
(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序
非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动词发生的时间；
对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词
的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have done，having done 表示该动作在
谓语动词的动作之前发生；to be doing，doing 强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
冠词
命题规律
1. 抽象名词属于不可数名词，前面一般不用冠词；但用来表示具体的人或事时，其前用不定冠词。
2. 比较级和最高级前冠词的选择
“a/an＋比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比……更……的一个”，属于泛指；“the＋比较级”表示“两者中较……的一
个”。“the＋最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最……的一个”；“a most＋形容词”表示“很……，非常……”。
3. 冠词的固定搭配。
冠词的考点归纳：
(1)定冠词的常考必备：①定冠词the 与指示代词this，that 同源，有“这/ 那个”之意，但语气较弱，可以和名词连
用，表示某个或某些特定的人或物。②叙述上文提到过的特定的事物或上文未提到，但听话者一定知其所指。③
用于序数词、形容词的比较级、最高级以及形容词only，very，same 之前。④用于表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二
的事物尤指各种天体或世界上比较有影响的物体名词前。⑤用于表示具体的地点、方位，具体的时间或某天的一部
分等。⑥用于表示山川、河流、海洋、群岛、报纸、杂志、朝代的专有名词及由普通名词构成的专有名词之前等等。
(2) 不定冠词的常考必备：①表示数量“一”，与one 相近。②用在首次提到的人或物之前，表泛指。③用在物质
名词、抽象名词之前，表示“一阵，一场，一种……”，也可以表示引起某种情绪的事，即抽象名词具体化使用。④用
于be of a（an）+ n.结构中，表示“相同……的”。⑤用于so / as / too / how + 形容词+ a / an + 单数可数名词。⑥不
定冠词a 或an 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，表示“每一”之意，”相当于every 或one，但概念上没
它们那么强烈。
(3) 零冠词的常考必备：①称呼语及表示头衔、职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，其前一般不加冠词。②在
as 引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前不加冠词。③专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，
一般不加冠词。
【考例分析】
【例1】After the new students are accepted, many colleges and universities offer
instruction program for them.
【答案】an
【解析】考查不定冠词。instruction program 在文中第一次出现，以元音音素开头，故判断填an。
【例2】Actually, many of the teachers can’t give students
efficient way to deal with reading.
【答案】an
【解析】考查不定冠词。way 是可数名词单数，被efficient（元音音素开头）修饰，属于a\an 形容词+可数名词(单
数)搭配。
【例3】So generation after generation, there is no end to ______ number of people who can do their part.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。the number of ……的数量，固定短语；
【例4】This is how the dog lost the game. He had come to _
____ right place at the very beginning but failed to find the
bone because he only complained and didn't try at all.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。place 可数名词单数形式，前无限定词，考虑填冠词。此为特指，因此填the。
【方法总结】1：如何判断空格处应填冠词？
下列情况很可能填不定冠词：
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第14页，总92页
(1)________+可数名词(单数)；
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填定冠词：
(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of 等介词短语(表示特指)；
(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；
(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
情态动词和虚拟语气
命题规律
情态动词和虚拟语气考点，是英语高考中的必考点。在高考中主要考查点有：情态动词的基本用法、情态动词表推
测的用法、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法、虚拟条件句的用法、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法、时间错综的虚拟
条件句等。
情态动词和虚拟语气高考常考点：
情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定,每年总有一至两个题,可以单独考查,也可以结合
虚拟语气考查。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握,难度也保持
较为稳定的趋势。其考点主要包括：
1、考查情态动词的基本用法。如：can 和could 的用法及区别；will 和would 的用法及区别；must 的用法；shall 用
于不同人称时的用法和should 的各种用法；need 的用法等。
2、考查情态动词的“推测”功能。如：can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：（1）
注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldn’t；语气较弱may，might 或can，could；（2）注意句式。在肯定句中，
一般用may，might，must；在否定句，疑问句中常用can，could；（3）注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，
此时通常用“情态动词+ 动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词+进行体”
结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词+完成体”结构。
3、考查情态动词的特殊用法。如：
（1）cannot ／can't 与too／over（-)／enough ／perfectly ／sufficiently 等词连用，意为“越…越…”“无论怎样…
…
也不为过”、“决不会…
…够(过)”。
（2）cannot wait to do sth 意为“急于做某事”，。
（3）would 和used to 的区别；can 和be able to 的区别。
（4）“may / might well＋动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由”；“may/ might as well＋动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，
还是…的好”。
（5）must 表示偏执型，意为“偏要”；“硬要”；can 用在肯定句，可以表示客观上的“可能性”；shall 用在法律、条约、
协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等；should 表示估计或推测上的“应该”，译为“可能，该，估计，按理应当”；will
可以表示习惯和倾向性，意为“惯于, 老是, 终归是”等。
4、考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。如：wish，as if/though，if only，would rather，otherwise,
without 等。
【考例分析】
【例1】It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______(do) it?
【答案】had done
【解析】题意：John 打坏了窗户，为什么跟“我”谈话？好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke 表明“打坏窗户”发
生在“过去”。as if / though 后面的从句用had done 表示对“过去”的虚拟。
【例2】If Mr. Dewey _____(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to
the people there.
【答案】had been
【解析】本题考查的是if 条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用had + v-ed，主句用would / could/ should /
might + v-ed。句意：如果Dewey 先生在场的话，他会提供那里人们的任何可能的帮助。
【方法总结】考查情态动词和虚拟语气主要是借助情态动词考时态。
体验高考
1.【2017·新课标III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level
course .But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term
61
(real)Instead, she is earning $6500 a day
as
62
model in New York.
Sarah
63
(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father
Peter44,want her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah,
64
has taken part in shows along with top models wants
65
(prove) that shehas brainsas wellas beautyshe is determined to carry on with her
66
(educate).
She has turned down several
67
(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans
to take a year off to model full time before going to universityto geta degree
68
engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school
69
(come) first. I don't want to get too
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第15页，总92页
absorbed in modeling. It is
70
(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when
I can'tmodel my more."
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物类记叙文，介绍了Sarah Thomas 在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青
少年时期学业要放在首位。
61. resting 考查非谓语动词。
固定短语：spend time doing sth
62. a 考查冠词。
model 是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指“一个”，故填a。
63. was told
考查动词。根据句意判断谓语动词应该用一般过去时的被动形式，主语Sarah 是第三人称单数，故填
was told。
64. who 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，代替先行词Sarah，应该用人称代词who。
65. to prove 考查非谓语动词。
want to do sth. 想要做某事。
66. education 考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式
67. invitations 考查名词单复数。several 修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitations。
68. in 考查介词。in 表示“在某方面”，获得某项学位“get a degree in…”。
69. comes 考查动词。根据语境可知Sarah 认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。
70. certainly 考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词形式，故填certainly。
【名师点睛】语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10 道语法填
空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题一般要填冠词、介
词、连词、代词等，如果是物主代词，则空后需跟名词，比如66 题。而有提示词的需要根据语境，分析句子结构，
判断所填词的词性，再确定所填词的形式。例如67 题，several 是修饰复数名词的词，所以判断后面用名词的复数
形式。
2.【2017·浙江卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October , while tending her garden in Mora , Sweden , Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small
56
(carrot)
and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer , and she noticed a
57
(shine) object. Yes,
there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed
58
loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “she thought I had hurt
59
(I),”says Pahlsson
Sixteen years
60
(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring
61
(cook) a meal. When she wanted to put
the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters —then ten, eight, and six— had picked it
up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband
62
(search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned
up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got
63
(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was
spread over the garden,
64
it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted ( 生长) through it. For
Pahlsson, its return was
65
wonder.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lena
Pahlsson 在花园里采摘胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的那
种失而复得心情。
56.考查名词。根据“one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.”，及“a handful of ”，可知用名词复数，故填carrots。
57.考查形容词。“she noticed a
57
(shine) object”a 为冠词，object 为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny
或shining。
58.考查固定句式。根据“Pahlsson screamed
58
loudly that her daughter came running from the house”，so…that,
如此…以至于，故填so。
59.考查代词。I had hurt
59
(I)，主语为I,横线处为宾语，替代主语时，应用代词。故填myself。
60.考查形容词。says Pahlsson Sixteen years
60
(early)，用形容词比较级修饰Sixteen years，Sixteen years earlier16
年前；故填earlier。
61.考查动词不定式。Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring
61
(cook) a meal，一个句子不能出现双重谓语，
所以用不定式表目的状语。故填to cook。
62.考
查
动
词
时
态
。
根
据
“
but
turned
up
nothing
” ，
可
知
句
子
为
过
去
时
，
“Pahlsson and her husband
62
(search) the kitchen”故填searched。
63.考
查
动
词
。
“Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63
(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish”，ring 与sweep
之间是被动关系，故填swept。
64.考查连接词。
“ 64
it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it”，句子结构完整，
先行词为the garden,表示地点，定语从句中缺少相对应的地点状语，故填where。
65,。考查冠词。its return was
65
wonder.，wonder 是名词，was 是动词，应使用冠词修饰名词。故填a。
【名师点睛】
在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的57 题，“she noticed a
57
(shine) object”，句中a 为
冠词，object 为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny 或shining 。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第16页，总92页
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或
副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关
系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less 等。
考点：考查语法填空
4. [2016·全国卷Ⅲ]
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 1.________
Vietnam, food is
usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or
metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 2.________ (make) of gold and silver with
Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3.________ (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4.________
(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time, 5.________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so
it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6.________ (gradual) turned into
chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,
7.________ lived from roughly 551 to 479
B．C.,
influenced the 8.________ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and
9.________
(be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat
10.________ their
hands.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了筷子的历史演变以及它在中国等国家饮食文化中的地位。
1. and
China, Japan, Korea 和Vietnam 为并列关系。
2. be made
主语chopsticks 与谓语make 是被动关系，且前有情态动词，故填be made。
3. to create
用动词不定式结构作目的状语。
4. using
此处用现在分词作伴随状语。
5. as/when
句意：随着时间的推移，当人口增长的时候，人们开始把大块食物切成小块，以便更快地煮熟。用
as 或when，表示“当……的时候”。
6. gradually
修饰谓语turn into，需用副词。故填gradually。
7. who
引导一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词Confucius(孔子)起到补充说明的作用，故填who。
8. development
前有定冠词the 修饰，应该是名词形式，故填development。
9. were
此句是并列句，主语是knives，因此be 应用复数形式，再结合前半句“Confucius believed knives would
remind…”可知填be 的过去式were。
10. with
句意：在印度，大多数人还习惯用手吃饭。介词with 意为“用，使用”。
模拟新题精选
1. 【吉林省百校联盟2018 届高三TOP20 十一月联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词
的正确形式。
As a country that pays great attention to good manners, the food culture is deeply rooted in China’s history. As a
visitor or guest in ___40___ a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!
It is really an ___41___ (admire) custom to respect others at table, the aged, teachers and guests ___42___(include)
while taking good care of children. Meanwhile, ___43___ practice of presenting the best or fine food first to the senior
members of the family has been observed for countless ___44___ (generation), In ancient times the common people
___45___ (lead) a needy life but they still tried their best b=to support the elder mother or father who took it for granted.
Although the hosts in China are all friendly and hospitable, you should also show them respect. Before
___46___(start) to eat dinner, the host may offer some words of greeting. Guests should not start to eat until the host says,
“Everybody, please enjoy ___47___ (you)” or something like that, otherwise it suggests disrespect and causes displeasure.
When hosts place dishes on the table, they will arrange the main courses at the center with the supporting dishes
evenly placed around them. When the main dishes ___48___ (prepare) in a decorative form either by cut or other means
they will be placed facing major guests and elder people at the table, ___49___ also represents virtue.
【答案】40. either
41. admirable
42. included
43. the
44. generation
45. led
46. starting
47.
yourself
48. are prepared
49. which
【解析】本文介绍了餐桌礼仪在我们日常生活中的表现。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第17页，总92页
41. admirable 令人敬佩的风俗admirable custom，故填admirable。
42. included 在餐桌上尊重老人，老师和客人包括照顾孩子，故填included。
43. the 实践展示the practice of presenting，名词前用冠词，故填the。
44. generations 以及观察了无数代，generations。
45. led 由时间状语in ancient time 可知应该用过去时态，故填led。
46. starting 在吃完饭之前，before 时间状语从句中主语与主句主语the host 一样，可以省略，用动词ing 形式表示
主动，故填starting。
47. yourself 尽情享受，enjoy yourself，故填yourself。
48. are prepared 主要的菜肴被准备，用被动语态，故填are prepared。
49. which，which 引导非限制性定语从句代指主句，故填which。
2. 【河南省八市2018 届高三上学期第二次测评】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内
单词的正确形式。
A South Korean biomedical start-up called Ybrain has developed a headband that they claim will offer relief from the
symptoms of___41___(depress). The device, called Mindd, works___42___(use) a technique called transcranial
direct-current stimulation(tDCS). Here, a low-voltage electrical current___43___(apply) to specific areas in the brain via
electrodes(电极) placed on the skull.
tDCS is not new-the basic___44___(principle) have been understood since the early 19th century. But the past decade
or so has seen increased interest in its use in treating neurological and psychiatric conditions, and a 2016 meta-analysis of
hundreds of studies concluded that it’s “possibly or probably effective”___45___a treatment for depression.
tDCS equipment can stimulate particular brain regions either ‘anodally’ (increasing neuronal
activity)___46___‘cathodally’ (decreasing neuronal activity). The Mindd headset applies anodal stimulation via electrodes
in the headband to the frontal lobe, an area___47___decreased activity is associated with depressive disorders. Mindd is
not intended as a DIY solution: patients would use it in___48___own homes, and all data regarding treatment would be
sent automatically to their doctor.
The headband is___49___(current) undergoing clinical trials at Harvard Medical School, and at 12 hospitals in South
Korea. Early results are said to be___50___(promise), and if all goes well, Ybrain hopes to market the device to health
providers by 2019.
【答案】41. depression
42. using
43. is applied
44. principles
45. as
46. or
47. where
48. their
49. currently
50. promising
【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了韩国医药学研制出来的一种头巾，他们声称这种头巾可以减轻沮丧的症状。
41. 考查名词。他们声称这种头巾可以减轻沮丧的症状。这里应该使用名词，填depression。
42. 考查非谓语动词。The device 与use 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填using。
43. 考查语态。a low-voltage electrical current 与apply 之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，填is applied。
44. 考查名词。根据have been understood，可知这里需要使用名词复数形式，填principles。
45. 考查语义理解。表示“作为治疗沮丧的一种方法”，所以填as。
46. 考查连词。‘anodally’ 与‘cathodally’ 之间是一种选择关系，所以填or。
47. 考查定语从句。___7___decreased activity is associated with depressive disorders. 是一个定语从句，关系词
在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。
48. 考查代词。病人们可以在他们自己的家里使用它。表示“他们的”，所以填their。
49. 考查副词。修饰动词undergoing，用副词，所以填currently。
50. 考查形容词。作be 动词之后的表语，用形容词，所以填promising。
3. 【江西省百所名校2018 届高三第一次联合考试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
A few days ago I attended a gathering,___41___ a girl shared that she had recently “lost” her wallet (it was most likely
stolen). I remembered that ___42___ (feel) because I had lost my wallet many times throughout my younger years. And
twice it ___43___ (return) to me.
I decided to label one of my small ___44___ (purse), which I actually had with me that day, with her name, along with
some cash inside and an ___45___ (encourage) note The trick was to try to get it to her ___46___ (secret), because I don t
know her and may not see her again. I quickly went to another area ___47___ (write) the note. And then I wrote her name
on a piece of paper and left it by the main door with the purse where she would see it ___48___ her way out. I was really
nervous and wondered ___49___ she would actually find it. I kept checking to see if she picked it up.
By the end of the evening, another guest ___50___ (mention) that she had the biggest smile on her face after finding
it. The best part was that she had no idea who it was and just felt grateful to everyone in that room.
【答案】41. where
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第18页，总92页
42. feeling
43. was returned
44. purses
45. encouraging
46. secretly
47. to write
48. on
49. if/whether
50. mentioned
【解析】这篇短文讲述作者参加聚会碰到一个女孩说自己的钱包丢了，由于自己也丢过钱包并且有被归还的经
历，而秘密的而巧妙的把自己的钱包给了这个女孩。
41. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：几天前我参加了一个聚会，一个女孩说她最近“丢失”了她的钱包(很可能是偷
来的)。逗号之后是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是a gathering，在从句中作地点状语，应该关系副词where.故填
where.
42. 考查名词。句意：我记得那种感觉，因为在我年轻的时候，我的钱包丢了很多次。此处做remember 的宾
语，应该用名词词性feeling.故填feeling.
43. 考查句子谓语。句意：有两次它被归还给我。句子主语it 代指钱包，与动词return 之间是被动关系，并且
根据语境此句要用一般过去时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语应该用被动语态was returned.故填was returned.
44. 考查名词。句意：我决定将标记我的一个小钱包。one of 之后应该用名词复数。故填purses.
45. 考查形容词。句意：里面有一些现金和一个令人鼓舞的便签。此处修饰名词note，应该用encouraging（令
人鼓舞的）修饰事物。故填encouraging.
46. 考查副词。句意：计谋是尝试秘密地把它给她。此处修饰动词try to get，应该用副词修饰动词。故填secretly.
47. 考查不定式。句意：我很快到另一个地方写了这张便条。该处是本句的目的状语，应该用不定式表目的。
故填to write.
48. 考查介词。句意：然后我把她的名字写在一张纸上还有钱包，把它放在主门上，，在她出去的路上，她应该
会看到它。on one’s way…在某人…的路上。故填on.
49. 考查连词。句意：我真的很紧张，想知道她是否真的能找到。结合句意可知此处表示“是否”，故填if/whether.
50. 考查动词。句意：晚上结束时，另一位客人说她发现了她脸上最大的笑容。此处是句子谓语，结合语境可知此
句用一般过去时，应该用mention 的过去式。故填mentioned.
4. 【山东省菏泽市七县一中（郓城一中、曹县一中等）2018 届高三上学期期中】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1
个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The history of air conditioners(空调) started in the early days with the need to preserve food. The food___41___is kept at
room temperature spoils easily due to the growth of bacteria. At temperature below 4℃, the growth of bacteria
reduces___42___(rapid). As a result of the development in food refrigeration, other following applications include air
conditioning and manufacturing processes.
The___43___(discover) of the principles of the absorption type of refrigeration in 1824 showed that liquefied
ammonia(液氮) could cool air. At first, the commercially available use of air conditioning applications was based on the
need to cool air for industrial processes rather than___44___(person) comfort. The first electrical air
conditioning___45___(invent) by Willis Haviland Carrier in 1902. He was also known___46___the Father of Modern Air
Conditioning.___47___(he) invention was designed to improve the manufacturing process of a printing factory.
By___48___(control) the temperature, the process was made more efficient.
The Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America was set up by him___49___(meet) the demand of better productivity
in the workplace. Today, Carrier Corporation is___50___biggest air conditioner manufacturer and marketing corporation in
the world in central air conditioning.
【答案】41. that/which
42. rapidly
43. doscovery
44. personal
45. was invented
46. as
47. His
48. controlling
49. to meet
50. the
【解析】这篇文章介绍了空调的发展史。
41. 考查定语从句。___1___is kept at room temperature 是一个定语从句，修饰先行The food，关系词在从句中作主
语，指物，所以填that/which 。
42. 考查副词。修饰动词reduces，用副词，填rapidly。
43. 考查名词。作句子主语，用名词，填discovery。
44. 考查形容词。修饰名词comfort，用形容词，填personal。
45. 考查语态。The first electrical air conditioning 与invent 之间是被动关系，并且是发生在过去的事情，所以用一
般过去时的被动语态，填was invented。
46. 考查固定短语。be known as 作为……而出名，是固定短语，所以填as。
47. 考查代词。表示“他的发明……”，所以填his。
48. 考查固定用法。介词by 之后，用v+ing 形式，所以填controlling。
49. 考查不定式。表示目的“为了满足更好的生产力的需要”，所以填to meet。
50. 考查冠词。biggest 是最高级，所以前面用定冠词the。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第19页，总92页
5. 【河南省许昌平顶山（即许昌市一模）2018 届高三联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号
内单词的正确形式。
Don’t try and be happy—it will only make you sad. Desperately ___41___ (try) to keep a smile on your face will only
make your depression ___42___(bad), a new study suggests. Feeling content has become the only goal for many ___43___
recent years, but accepting your ___44___ (sad) may be more beneficial. Dr. Brock Bastian in ___45___ University of
Melbourne said “Depression rates ___46___ (be) higher in countries that seek for happiness now.” Rather than being the by
product of a happy life, feeling happy has become a goal in ___47___ (it). This strengthens the message that we should aim
___48___ (increase) our positive emotions and avoid our negative ones. Society needs to change its attitude on depression if
the disorder is to be solved effectively.
He added that people have become so used to not showing signs of weakness ___49___ (intention) due to social media
being used to celebrate achievements. For the study ___50___ (publish) in the journal Depressing and Anxiety, the
researchers assessed depressed patients.
【答案】41. trying
42. worse
43. in
44. sadness
45. the
46. are
47. itself
48. to increase
49. intent ionally
50. published
【解析】这篇文章主要讲了新的研究表明接受自己的悲伤对人们更有益。
41. 考查非谓语动词。作句子主语，用v+ing 形式，填trying。
42. 考查比较级。拼命地尝试把微笑挂在脸上，只会让自己的沮丧更糟糕。表示“更……”, 应该用比较级，填worse。
43. 考查固定短语。in recent years 最近几年中，是固定短语，所以填in。
44. 考查名词。作accept 的宾语，用名词，所以填sadness。
45. 考查冠词。特指University of Melbourne，所以用定冠词the。
46. 考查主谓一致。Depression rates 是复数意义，所以填are。
47. 考查固定短语。In itself 就其本身而言，是固定短语，所以填itself。
48. 考查不定式。表示“为了增加我们的积极情绪”，表目的，所以用不定式，填to increase。
49. 考查副词。修饰动词show，用副词，所以填intentionally。
资料正文内容开始>>
专题3
语法填空（三）——从句复习
方法与知识
优等生基本没有知识的问题，所以优等生的备考冲刺重点在于：1.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；2.精选难度适
中的训练题。
定语从句
命题规律
定语从句是高考的热点，对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限
制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of
which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。
定语从句基本考点：
（1）关系代词引导的定语从句
①who，whom，that 这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom 只能作
宾语。
②which，that 所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
③whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。
（2）关系副词引导的定语从句
①关系副词when，where，why 的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
需要特别注意：a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage 等，如果引导词在从句
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第20页，总92页
中作状语，常用关系副词where 引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。b. 先行词为occasions，
当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。
②the way 后面的定语从句的关系词。
在定语从句中，the way 是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，
that 或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时，其后的关系词就用that 或which。
（3）“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
①“介词＋关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物) 和whose 三个。
②“复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
③“of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)
需要特别注意：该考点考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时我们必须注意解题思路。可采
用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：a. 把先行词放在从句中，从句子的意思
来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。b. 注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。
（4）as 和which 引导的定语从句
①as 引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词as，which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
a. as 引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which 引导的非限制性定
语从句只能置于主句之后。
b. 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。
c. as 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce 等；which 意为
“这一点”。
（5）定语从句中的主谓一致
①关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词
用单数形式。
②“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one 前
有the, the only, the very 等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
名词性从句
命题规律
名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用
法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；
句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。
名词性从句基本考点：
（1）名词性从句的连接词
①连接词that，whether 和if
I. 这三个连词在句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that 本身无意义，有时可省略，whether 和if 本身有意义，均
不能省略。that 和whether 可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if 引导名词性从句时只能引导宾语从句或不在句首的主
语从句。
II. whether 与if 的用法比较
二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换。
在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if：a. whether 引导从句可以放于句首。b. whether 可引导表语从句和同位语从
句，if 不可。c. whether 可以作介词宾语，if 则不可。d. whether 后可以加不定式，if 不可。e. 可以用whether...or
引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论”，if 则不可。
②连接代词
引导名词性从句的连接代词有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever。连接代词在
句中既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
③连接副词
引导名词性从句的连接副词有：when，where，how，why。连接副词在句中既是连接词，又作状语。
（2）主语从句
①主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it 作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
②that 引导主语从句时可用it 作形式主语，that 不可省；what 引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it 作
形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever 一般也不用it 作形式主语。
I.
It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal
等)＋that 从句
II.
It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder 等)＋that 从句
III. It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，
considered，well-known，announced 等)＋that 从句
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第21页，总92页
IV. It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that 从句
注意：a. 在“It is necessary，important，strange，natural＋that 从句”结构中，从句常用“(should)＋动词原形”形式。
b. 在“It＋be＋suggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，required＋that 从句”结构中，that 从句应用“(should)
＋动词原形”。
（3）宾语从句
在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语
从句。
①动词的宾语从句
I. 大多数动词(hope，tell，say，know，think，consider，imagine，hear，expect，suppose，guess 等)可以带宾语从
句。
注意：在think，believe，suppose，expect 等动词引导的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，
而将think 等动词变为否定形式，这一现象称为否定前移。
II. 动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe 等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it 作形式宾语而将that 宾语从句
后置。
III. 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to
等。
②一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。
注意：a. where 引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。
b. that 引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but 等介词后偶尔可能用到。
③sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised 等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。
（4）表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。共分三类：
①主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement 等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，
即“(should)＋动词原形”的形式。
②主语为名词reason 时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why 或because。
③because，as if，as though，as，like 等连接词也可引导表语从句。
（5）同位语从句
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。
①能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，
answer，decision，explanation，information，thought 等。
②同位语从句一般用that 引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或
whether 引导。
③有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。
（6）名词性从句的几个难点
①that 通常不可省略的四种情况：
I. 引导主语从句，that 置于句首时不可省略。
II. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that 不可省略。
III. 在由it 作形式宾语，that 引导的宾语从句中，that 也不可省略。
IV. 引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that 也不可省略。
②what 与that 的区别：
what 在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“……的人(地方、东西)等”；that 只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当
任何成分并且也没有含义。
状语从句
命题规律
考纲要求在复习状语从句中掌握如下几点：1.全面掌握状语从句的九大类别；2.根据历年高考试题，对状语从
句的考点要进行全面的归纳，在九大类别中的考查热点中，重点把握在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因
状语从句的连词运用上；3.熟练运用出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句；4.做好易混词的辨析如：as，when，
while 等，时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现；5. 掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、语
气、省略；6.与其它从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析。
状语从句基本考点：
（1）时间状语从句
①when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。
②while 引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时，在……期间”，从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。
③as 引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边……一边……；随着”等意思，表示两个动作同时发生。
④
as soon as ，immediately ，directly ，instantly ，the moment ，the minute，the instant ，no sooner...than... ，
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第22页，总92页
hardly/scarcely...when...和once 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为
“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
注意：no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配：no sooner 与hardly/scarcely 后的句子谓语动词应用过
去完成时，而than 与when 引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner 和hardly/scarcely 提到句首
时，应用倒装语序。
⑤before/since
a. 表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；还没来得及……就……”。
b. It will be＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后才……”。
c. since 的常用句型：It is (has been) /was＋一段时间＋since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时)
⑥until/till
主句为肯定句时，谓语用延续性动词；主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词。
（2）地点状语从句
①通常由连词where 和wherever 引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
②地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
③where 引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。
where 引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where 作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。
（3）条件状语从句
①通常由if“如果”，unless“如果不；除非”，as (so)
long as“只要”，in case (that) “结果，万一”，once“一
旦”，when“既然”等连词引导。
②由on condition (that)，provided (that)，providing (that) “倘若；假使”，supposing (that)，in case“如果”等引导
的条件状语从句。
（4）让步状语从句
①让步状语从句可由although，though，as，while，even if (though)，whatever (wherever，whoever...)，whether...or...，
no matter who (when，what...) 等引导。
②while 作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，往往放在句首。
（5）原因状语从句和方式状语从句
①原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing (that)，considering that 等引导。
②方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像……一样”，as if (though) “似乎，好像”等引
导。
（6）目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that，so that，for fear that “害怕，担心发生某事”，in case “以防”等。
从句中常用may，might，can，could，should 等情态动词。
特殊句式
命题规律
从近几年高考试题来看，特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法。特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定
的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用
也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从
句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。
特殊句式基本考点：
（1）倒装句
①完全倒装
a. 表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，
on the wall 等置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。
b. 表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。
②部分倒装
a. only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。
b. 否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely 及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in
no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition 等置于句首时。
c. 当so/neither/nor 位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。
d. hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...等连接两个句子且hardly，no sooner，not only 位于句首时，
前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。
e. 在so...that...和such...that...句式中，如果so 或such 引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。
f. as/though 引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋
as/though＋主语＋其他。(though 引导的从句也可用正常语序)
（2）强调句型
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第23页，总92页
①强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语
等。
②强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was 提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that 从句”。
③如果原句中含有“not...until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not 连同状语一起提前。
④do/does/did 强调句型：do/does/did 只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。
（3）省略
①在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as 等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含
有be 动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it 时，从句的主语和be 动词常被省略。
②I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess 等作答句，后面跟so 与not 分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。
③不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。
注意：用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，
mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish 等的后边，但be 动词后有助动词be 和have 时，be 和have 不能
省略。
【考例分析】
【例1】He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.
【解析】but
句中very happy 与very tired 是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。
【例2】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too
little.”
【解析】nor
并列连词“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。
【例3】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a
table.
【解析】and
句中entered a hotel coffee shop 和sat at a table 是主语发出的两个并列的动作。
【例4】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had
gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.
【解析】who
引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。
【例5】One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
【解析】that
引导同位语从句，说明idea 的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。
【例6】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do.
【解析】what
引导宾语从句并在从句中作do 的宾语。
【例7】Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.
【解析】where
句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where 在从句中作地点状语。
【例8】He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher.
【解析】who/that
代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。
【例9】Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near
me, looking annoyed.
【解析】whom
还原talk to sb.可知，用whom 引导定语从句。
【例10】We understand this lesson best ______ we receive gifts of love from children.
【解析】when
引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。
【例11】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived.
【解析】until/till
表示“一直到……”。
【例12】______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.
【解析】If
表条件。he thought…与he was wrong 是两个句子，没有连词。
【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填连接词？
(1) 并列连词：如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间，那么就可能填连词。
(2) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。
体验高考
1.【全国高考浙江11 月真题】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary
It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it’s___36___ongoing process,
and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, ___37___means you’ll just keep getting
better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few ___38___ (month) of exercise in your
teens would be enough ___39___the rest of your life, and that’s also true for building your vocabulary----you have to keep
at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.
One of the___40___ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to ___41___(real)read at least one
good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn’t as hard as it___42___(sound), and it is far better than any other method
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第24页，总92页
because you improve your vocabulary while___43___(read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that
you learn both new words and ___44___(they)use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the
words___45___(learn)this way in conversations almost automatically.
【答案】36. an
37. which
38. months
39. for
40. effective
41. really
42. sounds
43. reading
44. their
45. learned/learnt
【解析】本文讲述了轻松积累词汇的几种方法。
36. 考查冠词。句意：“和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程”，由语境可知填一个，“一个”
用不定冠词an 表示泛指。故填an。
37. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，57 means you’ll … 空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s
enough room for improvement，which 在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。
38. 考查名词单复数。句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month 为可数名词，且由a few 可知month
应用复数形式。故填months。
39. 考查介词。句意：几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。be enough for sth 对······已足够。故填介词for。
40. 考查词性转换。句意：读好书是扩大词汇量有效的方法之一。此处要表达的是“有效的方法之一”，因此填effective。
41. 考查词性转换。句意：你需要一周读一本书。此处应用副词修饰动词read，因此填really。
42. 考查谓语动词。句意：“这件事并不像听起来那么难”，描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound 的一般
现在时第三人称单数形式。故填sounds.
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意：你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。逻辑主语you 与动词read 为主动关系，
故用现在分词reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。故填reading。
44. 考查代词。句意：另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法。use 在此处是名词，故用形容词性物
主代词their 作定语。故填their。
45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：你自然会在对话中使用这些词汇。learned / learnt 作后置定语修饰words，表示“已学过
的词”，words 与learn 是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。故填learned/learnt。
2.[2016·四川卷]
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda 1.________
(love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 2.________
(recent) had a
chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 3.________
(care) mother.For 25 days, she
never left her baby，not even to find something 4.________
(eat)！She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked
the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 5.________
(enemy) that would try to eat the little
panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6.________
it cried, she rocked it back
and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 7.________
more than two
years.By that time，the panda no longer needed 8.________
(it) mother for food.However, it stayed with her and learned
about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years，the mother 9.________
(drive) the young panda away.It was
time for her to have a new baby，10.________
it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
[解析]
1. is loved
考查时态和语态。大熊猫被全世界人们所喜爱。故此处使用一般现在时的被动语态。
2. recently
考查副词。根据句子意思以及句子结构可知，此处应使用副词recently 表示“最近”。
3. caring/careful
考查形容词。修饰名词mother 应用形容词；而care 的形容词可以是caring(体贴的)或careful(小
心的)。
4. to eat
考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作不定代词something 的后置定语，指“可以吃的东西”。
5. enemies
考查名词。natural enemies“天敌”，且此处应使用复数形式。
6. When/If
考查连词。当/如果它哭……。
7. for
考查介词。此处for 表示一段时间。
8. its
考查代词。此处表示“它的母亲”，故使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词mother。
9. drove
考查时态。此处叙述过去的事情，故用一般过去时态。
10. and
考查并列连词。此处两个分句之间为并列关系，故使用and。
模拟新题精选
1. 【广东省五校2018 届高三12 月联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As I share the experience of this kindness, I’m wearing my widest smile. I usually go to my workplace coffee shop to
place___41___order but this Wednesday, it was___42___(slight)different. I called the four waiters, ___43___(ask)them to
make a choice of a drink and dessert and bought it for them instead. At first, they didn’t sense___44___was happening but
when truth dawned, they___45___(surprise)and a bit embarrassed. However, I explained that it was an act of
___46___(appreciate)and they were truly deserving. This brought a “big” smile and a loud, “thank you.”
I had for a long time had a desire___47___(reach)out to them but my doubting mind had always had an upper hand.
On this day too, I had ___48___(thought)like, “What if they refuse?” “What if they say, they don’t like any of the food or
drinks?” “What if this” and, “What if that”, but I decided to let go of the worries and listen___49___ my heart.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第25页，总92页
Now, it was ___50___(they)smiles that drew me to the coffee shop.
【答案】41. an
42. slightly
43. asked
44. what
45. were surprised
46. appreciation
47. to reach
48. thoughts
49. to
50. their
【解析】试题分析：本文作者共享了自己的一段善举的经历。作者为自己常去的咖啡店的服务员购买了一些
食物和饮料表示感谢。尽管起初有许多担忧，但是最终作者听从了自己的内心。现在时服务员们的笑容吸引作者进
入这家咖啡店。
41. 考查冠词。place an order“下订单”，order“订单”是可数名词，是以元音因素开头的单词，故填an。
42. 考查副词。修饰形容词用副词作状语，slightly 修饰形容词different。故填slightly。
43. 考查动词。句意：相反，我打电话给四位服务员，请他们为自己选择一份饮料喝甜点。此处表示过去发生
的一系列动作，用一般过去时。ask 与主语I 是主动关系。故填asked。
44. 考查宾语从句。句意：起初，他们没有感觉到正在发生什么事。宾语从句中缺乏主语，what 引导宾语从
句，在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语。故填what。
45. 考查形容词。句意：但是当事实大白时，他们是吃惊并有点尴尬的。表示被修饰语的感受，用过去分词变
化来的形容词，现在分词变化来的形容词表示被修饰语的特征。结合句意，句子描述过去发生的事情，主语是复数。
故填were surprised。
46. 考查名词。an act of…“……的一种行为”，介词后接名词。appreciate“感激”是动词，其名词形式是appreciation，
是不可数名词。故填appreciation。
47. 考查动词。句意：长久以来我有一种渴望，愿意给他们提供帮助，但是我犹豫不决的心理总是占上风。have
a desire to do sth.“作……的渴望”是常用搭配。故填to reach。
48. 考查名词。句意：也是在这一天，我有了一些像这样的想法：“如果他们拒绝了怎么办？” “如果他们说，
他们不喜欢任何食物或者饮料怎么办？”……。根据语境，下文是许多想法，thought“想法”用复数。故填thoughts。
49. 考查介词。句意：……但是我决定放开这些担忧，倾听我的内心。listen 是不及物动词，接宾语加介词to。
故填to。
50. 考查代词。句意：现在，他们的笑容吸引我进入这个咖啡店。此句是强调句型，原句是：他们的笑容吸引我进
入这家咖啡店。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
2. 【河南省豫北豫南名校2018 届高三上学期第二次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1 个适当的单词或括号内
单词的正确形式。
Learning to play an instrument is something that can give you a lot of pleasure. It is also an achievement and a skill
___41___stays with your life. Music has a part to play in everyone’s life, and has___42___(describe)as “a primary
language.”
Learning to play an instrument isn’t easy at the beginning and ___43___(take)effort and determination. While it is OK
to aim for the top, music is___44___(certain)not something to take up because you think you ought to do it.
A lot of adults regret not having learnt to play an instrument when they___45___(be)younger. But it is never too late
to learn! And the ___46___(advantage)of learning an instrument are far ___47___(great)than just the pleasure of
producing an enjoyable sound. When you’ve progressed far enough, there are lots of amateur groups that you can join
___48___you want to be part of a larger group. Once you’ve reached a good enough standard___49___(join)a band or
orchestra(管弦乐队), you add the team skills like those you get from playing sport. There’s also a great social side to
playing
___50___others, as well as the chance to travel through touring.
【答案】41. which/that
42. been described
43. takes
44. certainly
45. were
46. advantages
47. greater
48. if/when
49. to join
50. with
【解析】学习一种乐器能给你生活带来乐趣。对孩子而言，年龄越大，音乐对他们就越重要。这里给你提供一些建
议帮助你教孩子学习乐器。
41. 考查关系代词。句意：会乐器是一种成就，一种终身的技能，先行词是skill，在定语从句中做主语。故填
which/that。
42. 考查动词时态语态。句意：音乐被称为早期语言。根据空前的has 得知填现在完成时，音乐和称作是被动
关系，故填been described。
43. 考查副词。句意：刚开始学乐器不容易，需要努力和决心。Learning to play an srument 动名词做主语谓语用
单数第三人称。故填takes。
44. 考查副词。句意：音乐当然不是要从事的工作。副词修饰动词，这里副词是当然，动词是be。故填certainly。
45. 考查动词时态。句意：很多成年人后悔在小时候没有学一门乐器。后悔以前的事情用一般过去时。故填were。
46. 考查名词。句意：学乐器的优点远比欣赏其美妙的声音所带来的快乐多。根据谓语are 得知主语优点用复
数形式，故填advantages。
47. 考查形容词。句意：学乐器的优点远比欣赏其美妙的声音所带来的快乐多。根据后面的than 得知用形容词
比较级。故填greater。
48. 考查副词。句意：如果你想要加入更大的组合，这里有很多业余的组合你可以加入。根据语境得知是如果
或当你想…的时候。故填if/when。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第26页，总92页
49. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦你达到乐队或管弦乐队的标准，你就会给这个团队增光添彩。用不定式表示
表示目的将来。故填to join。
50. 考查介词。句意：和其他人一起弹奏乐器也会营造很好的社会面，也会给你带来环游演出的机会。和某人
一起演奏用介词with，故填with。
【名师点睛】
本题难点解读：
1：横线前有被修饰的先行词，且从句中缺少作主语、宾语、表语的引导词时，根据上下文考虑使用关系代词。
It is also an achievement and a skill ___1___stays with your life.
先行词是skill，在定语从句中做主语。先行词后用关
系代词。故填which/that。
2：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。
Once you’ve reached a good enough standard___9___(join)a band or orchestra(管弦乐队),这里reach 与后面join 之
间没有连词，故判断用非谓语形式，根据语境得知表示目的，故用动词的不定式形式。
3. 【安徽省皖西南名校2018 年高三阶段性检测联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词
的正确形式。
Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a getting. It was not until in my later thirties____41____ I
made this important discovery: giving away things ____42____ (make) life so much more exciting. One discovery I made
about giving away is that it is almost ____43____ (possibility) to give away anything in this world without getting
something back, though the return often comes in
____44____ unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post
office delivered a letter to my home, though it ____45____ (address) to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of
____46____ (appreciate). More than a year later I needed a post office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at
the window that there were no boxes ____47____ (leave), and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I
was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote
us a letter a year ago about ____48____ (deliver) a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you are ____49____
(certain) going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know ____50____ a letter like
that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.
【答案】41. that
42. makes
43. impossible
44. an
45. was addressed
46. appreciation
47. left
48. delivering
49. certainly
50. what
【解析】文章主要讲述了作者通过一件事明白了给予事物让生活更令人兴奋。
41. 考查强调句。句意：直到我三十多岁的时候，我才发现了这个重要的发现。It was not until…that…直到...才...
根据题意，故填that。
42. 考查动词时态。句意：给予事物让生活更令人兴奋。“giving away things”动名词作主语，谓语动词使用第三
人称单数。根据题意，故填makes。
43. 考查形容词作表语。句意：我的一个发现是，在这个世界上，如果没有回报，几乎不可能放弃任何东西。
形容词作表语，“it is impossible to do ”，根据题意，故填impossible。
44. 考查不定冠词。句意：我的一个发现是，在这个世界上，如果没有回报，几乎不可能放弃任何东西。根据
题意，故填an。
45. 考查被动语态。句意：一个星期日的早晨，当地邮局给我的家发了一封信，尽管那封信地址是我的办公室。
be addressed to 在(信封和包裹)上写姓名地址；致(函)。根据题意，故填was addressed。
46. 考查名词。句意：我写了一封感谢信给邮局局长。介词of 后使用名词。根据题意，故填appreciation。
47. 考查过去分词作定语。句意：在窗口我被告知没有箱子了。boxes 与leave 之间处于被动关系，故使用过去
分词作定语。根据题意，故填left。
48. 考查动名词。句意：是不是你一年前给我们写了一封信，递送到你家？介词about 后使用动名词。根据题
意，故填delivering。
49. 考查副词。句意：嗯，如果我们必须为你做一个，你肯定会在这个邮局里有一个盒子。副词修饰动词。根
据题意，故填certainly。
50. 考查宾语从句。句意：你不知道那封信对我们意味着什么。由what 引导宾语从句。根据题意，故填what。
4. 【东北三省三校2017 届高三第二次联合模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词) 或括号
内单词的正确形式。
Over the past years Starbucks coffee ____61____ (become) a coffee chain store. The cafés don’t sell coffee; they sell
____62____ very atmosphere. They offer customers the perfect atmosphere ____63____ which to take time out and relax.
Every single store throughout the world is furnished in a romantic style and ____64____ (special) meant to be cozy, private
and quiet: earth-toned (褐色调) space, fancy wall paper, lovely paintings, ____65____ (amaze) background and irresistible
coffee smell ... The most fantastic decoration style about Starbucks ____66____ (design) with oversized chairs and tables
outside the store. When ____67____ comes to a sunny afternoon, I love to take a seat outside, ____68____ (bathe) in the
afternoon sunshine, and listening to the lovely music ____69____ tasting the most terrific Cappuccino. This is exactly what
I love in here—the Starbucks! This is the café I love not merely because of the café itself, but also because of the
____70____ (feel) it brings me.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第27页，总92页
【答案】61. has become
62. the
63. in
64. specially
65. amazing
66. is designed
67. it
68.
bathed
69. while/when
70. feeling
【解析】本文介绍Starbucks 咖啡店的特色。
61. 根据Over the past years 可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是Starbucks coffee，故答案为has become。
62. 句意：咖啡馆不卖咖啡，他们卖的是这种很好的气氛。此处表示特指，答案为the。
63. 句意：他们为顾客提供了一个完美的氛围，在这氛围里面让他们抽出时间来放松。in which +动词不定式，
相当于一个定语从句，可知答案为in。
64. 副词修饰动词，答案为specially。
65. 句意：令人惊讶的背景。形容词修饰名词，答案为amazing。
66. 句意：关于星巴克最棒的装修风格在外面用超大的椅子和桌子设计。句子用一般现在是太的被动语态，答
案为is designed。
67. 固定句式：When it comes to---，当谈到---的时候，可知答案为it。
68. 句意：我喜欢在外面坐下，沐浴在阳光明媚的下午，听着美妙的音乐，品尝最美味的卡布奇诺。bathe 和I
之间是被动关系，此处是过去分词做伴随状语。答案为bathed。
69. 句意：我喜欢在外面坐下，沐浴在阳光明媚的下午，听着美妙的音乐，品尝最美味的卡布奇诺。while/when+
doing sth.在此处相当于时间状语从句，表主动关系，可知答案为while/when.
70. 句意：我喜欢不仅仅因为咖啡馆本身，而是因为它给我带来的感觉。可知答案为feeling。
【名师点睛】
to 作介词讲时的用法
to 作介词讲时，后面常用名词、代词宾格和动名词。有些固定搭配中的to 是介词。
the key to solving the problem 解决这个问题的关键；the road to success 通向成功的路；a trip to London 伦敦的一次
旅行；a visit to Paris pay 巴黎的一次访问；pay attention to 重视；object to 反对；look forward to 期盼；be used to
习惯某事或做某事；When it comes to---当谈到---的时候。
5. 【广东七校联合体2018 届高三第二次联考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形
式。
Take a tour of Monkey Park
Situated between Jerusalem and the coastal city of Tel Aviv, Israel’s Monkey Park is home _____41_____ more than
two hundred and fifty different species of monkeys.
Considered one of the country’s most popular animal ______42______(attraction), it offers a unique experience as it
______43______(run) by the Israeli Primate Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose aim is to provide a
rehabilitation(康复) center for monkeys while ______44______(educate) the public about these lovely creatures.
Over the last two years the park ______45______(receive) 650 monkeys from a breeding farm that shut down. Most
monkeys in ______46______ park live in enclosures(圈地). Visitors are able to view them up close and, thanks to one
______47______(special) designed section, are even able to interact with them. Right outside the visiting area is the
rehabilitation center. That’s _____48_____ monkeys who need care are being nursed back to health.
Among the family-friendly activities ______49______(offer) at Monkey Park for human visitors are workshops, rides
and wall climbing. There are also comprehensive guided walking tours, ______50______ last up to three hours.
One feature of the Monkey Park is the children’s playground. But it’s still the monkeys that attract people most.
【答案】41. to
42. attractions
43. is run
44. educatin
45. has received
46. the
47. specially
48. where
49. offered
50. which
【解析】文章介绍了猴子公园，包括它的地理位置，特点，经营模式等。
41. to 考查介词。句意：以色列的猴子公园位于耶路撒冷和特拉维夫海滨城市之间，有250 多种不同种类的猴
子。home to 是…的故乡，故填to.
42. attractions 考查名词复数。句意：它被认为是该国最受欢迎的动物景点之一，动物景点用名词复数形式，故
填attractions。
43. is run 考查时态和语态。句意：它是由以色列灵长类基金会管理的，表示这个动作现在的情况，用一般现在
时态；是被管理的，用被动语态。故填is run。
44. educating 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的目标是提供为猴子提供一个康复(康复)中心同时教育公众有关这些可
爱的生物。故填educating。
45. has received 考查时态。句意：该公园已经从饲养场中接收了650 只猴子。用完成时态，故填has received。
46. the 考查冠词。句意：公园里大多数猴子生活在围墙里。这个公园the park，故填the。
47. specially 考查副词。句意：而且多亏了一个特别设计的部分。特别地specially 副词作状语，故填specially。
48. where 考查连词。句意：在那里，需要照顾的猴子正被照顾着恢复健康。where 引导表语从句。故填where。
49. offered 考查动词过去分词。句意：在猴子公园为游客提供的适合家庭的活动中，有工作室、游乐设施和攀
爬墙。offered 过去分词作定语修饰activities，故填offered。
50. which 考查关系代词。句意：此外，还有全面的导游徒步旅行，最长可达三个小时。Which 引导非限制性定语从
句，which 在从句中作主语，故填which。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第28页，总92页
资料正文内容开始>>
专题4 短文改错
方法与技巧
高考短文改错的错误类型概括起来主要是语法错误、逻辑错误和搭配等方面的错误。
Ⅰ.语法错误
包括动词、名词、代词、主谓一致、非谓语动词及情态动词等方面的错误。
1.名词:名词错误主要考查名词单复数错误，可数与不可数名词的混用。确定名词单复数有以下几种方法:看修饰
语；看主谓语的一致性；可数名词前无单数修饰语一定要用复数；看其他限制。
2.动词:时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无
宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；需要接ing 形式的接了to，或相反等。对于这一类错误可根据上下文语境或者
句子的平行结构确定动词时态。
3.形容词、副词:常在需要形容词的地方用了副词或相反；关系副词where,when,why 等的缺失或错用。根据形容
词、副词的基本用法或句意确定错误。
4.介词:主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。
5.主谓一致:主语为单数，动词用了复数；而主语为复数，动词却用了单数形式。再就是就近原则对主语的影响。
6.冠词:主要考查表示特指和泛指时冠词的使用情况。定冠词the 的多余或缺失，如季节、月份、星期、球类及
三餐活动、称呼头衔前等不能加the 的地方加了the，或是same 等常和the 一起使用的词却漏掉了the；a,an 的混用
等。
7.数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数词的复数形式如
几百hundreds of，几千thousands of 漏掉了s，或是当其前有具体数字或several 时加了复数，如seven hundred，写
作seven hundreds。
8.连词:不符合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反等等。
体验高考
1.【2017·新课标I】短文改错(共10 小题；每小题l 分，满分10 分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每
句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第29页，总92页
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was.
Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I
forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”
I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop
the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在暑假期间考驾照第一天发生的故事。
71. eighteen 改为eighteenth 考查数词。句意：在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假
eighteen 意思为“十八，十八个”，
表示数量，eighteenth 表示“第十八个的”，故将eighteen 改为eighteenth。
72 first 前加the 或my 考查冠词。句意：我依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天，所以
在first 前加上the。也可以加上my，my first day 表示“我（学驾照）的第一天”。故在first 前加the 或my。
73 so 改为but 考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白。
所以前后文为转折关系。故将so 改为but。
74 goes 改为went 考查时态。根据前文中的started 可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes 改为went。
75 word 改为words 考查单复数。句意：教练一直喊“加速”，“减速”，“左转”
word 的意思主要是“单词,
消息”，words 可以表示为word 的复数，也表示某人说的话。这里指教练说的那些话，故将word 改为words。
76 Turning 改为Turn 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”，“减速”，“左转”都是祈使句，根据前
文“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将Turning 改为Turn。
77 much 去掉考查固定句型。句意：我如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左。固定句型so...that
表示“如此...以至于....”，much 为多余成分。故将much 去掉。
78 late 改为later 考查副词。做形容词的时候，later 是late 的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even
later.（他们的截止日期很迟.我们的更迟.）做副词的时候，late 是迟的意思，later 是稍后、随后的意思。句意：几分
钟之后
故将late 改为later。
79 suddenly 改为sudden 考查形容词。句意：我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly 是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。
sudden 为形容词，表示“突然的；迅速的”。a sudden stop 表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly 改为sudden。
80 on 改为of 考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”，on the road 表示“在路上”，the middle
of the road 表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on 改为of。
【名师点睛】
1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用；②and 前
后动词时态不一致；③主谓不一致；④缺少动词，特别是be 动词；⑤第三人称单数形式错用；⑥主动语态和被动
语态错用。
2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。
例如第75 题将word 改为words。word 的意思主要是“单词,消息”，words 可以表示为word 的复数，也表示
某人说的话。这里指教练说的那些话，故将word 改为words。
3. 冠词错误：误用a 和an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定）；误用a/an 和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多
冠词或少冠词）
例如第72 题first 前加the 或my。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天，所以在first 前加上the。也可以加上my，
my first day 表示“我（学驾照）的第一天”。故在first 前加the 或my。
4. 形容词和副词错误：系动词（am/is/are/was/were/become/go）和感官性动词（smell/feel）后用形容词；词
性的误用（形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词和形容词）。
例如第79 题将suddenly 改为sudden。suddenly 是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。sudden 为形容词，表示“突
然的；迅速的”。a sudden stop 表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly 改为sudden。
5.
代词错误：代词的主格和宾格（I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them ）错误；反身代词
（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）使用错误；代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；
多代词或少代词。
6. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致；介词后
用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
例如第76 题将Turning 改为Turn。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”，
“减速”，
“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed
up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将Turning 改为Turn。
7. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。
例如第80 题将on 改为of。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”，on the road 表示“在路上”，the middle of
the road 表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on 改为of。
2.【2017·新课标II】短文改错（共10 小题；每小题1 分，满分10 分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第30页，总92页
最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school,and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to
work every day.In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their
house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening
tools.beside,they often get some useful informations from the internet.When summer came,they will invite their students
pick the vegetables！
【解析】
试题分析：考查记叙文，本文主要讲了张先生和张太太的日常工作和生活。
1.all 改为both：考查both 和all 的用法，both 的主语是两个，而all 的主语是三个或者三个以上，故将all 改为both.
2.a 改为an 或one：考查冠词，因为hour 音标的首字母是元音，所以应用an,故将a 改为an 或者one.
3.interesting 改为interested：考查形容词，由于此句的主语是人，而interesting 的主语是物，故将interesting 改为
interested.
4.that 改为which:考查非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句需要用which 引导，故将that 改为which.
5.earlier 改为early：考查副词，earlier 是形容词比较级，不能修饰动词get up, 故将earlier 改为early.
6.将for 去掉：考查动词，bought 是及物动词，后无需跟介词，故将for 去掉.
7.beside 改为besides：考查连接词，beside 是介词，“在……旁边”，而这里需要一个连接词，故将beside 改为besides.
8.informations 改为information：考查名词，information 是不可数名词，故将informations 改为information.
9.came 改为comes：考查时态，本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came 改为comes.
10.pick 改为to pick：考查动词，本句出现了两个动词，所以要将第二个动词变为非谓语动词，又根据句意：摘新鲜
的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二个动词变为to do 不定式的形式表目的，故将invite 前加上to.
【名师点睛】
高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越
能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章
意义方面的理解。
一、词法改错
词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词
和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；
并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。
例如：本题中的
8.informations 改为information 考查名词单复数
二、句法改错
句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性
和逻辑性。
例如：
4.that 改为which 考查非限制性定语从句。
三、语篇改错
语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。例如：
9.came 改为comes 考查时态
考点：考查短文改错
3.【2017·新课标III】短文改错(共10 小题；每小题l 分，满分10 分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每
句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
When I look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically.and also mentally
in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a
new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that
time,car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kings of cars and planes,playing pop music, and
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第31页，总92页
collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，回忆了作者以前的故事。
71. 答案of 考查介词。realize 是及物动词，后面接宾语时不需要介词。
72. 答案had→have 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the past few years 判断用现在完成时。
73. 答案and→but 考查连词。固定短语：not only…but also…不但……而且……
74. 答案took→taken 考查动词。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，故把took 改为taken。
75. 答案become →became 考查动词时态。根据and 前面的动词entered 判断该句应该用一般过去时。
76. 答案the/ this∧picture
考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture 前加the
或者this。
77. 答案they→that/which 考查定语从句。They 不引导定语从句，因为指代thing，所以把they 改为that 或者which。
78. difference→different 考查形容词。修饰名词kinds 应该用形容词形式。
79. late →latest 考查形容词最高级。
根据句意可知此处指最新的音乐唱片，故把late 改为latest。
80. your →my
考查代词。
根据句意可知此处是我高中时代生活的美好回忆，故把your 改为my。
4. [2016·全国卷Ⅰ]
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每
句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10 处，多着(从第11 处起)不计分。
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.
It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to
his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says
that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”叔叔的饭店的经营之道。
1．that→where
介词后面的宾语从句缺少表示地点的状语。
2．but 去掉
though 不和but 连用，故去掉。
3．had→have
文章是讲述现在的情况，背景时态是一般现在时。
4．honest→honesty
此处指诚实是他成功的秘诀，故用名词形式。
5．or→and
从句意判断是并列关系，把or 改为and。
6．using→used
此处表示被动含义，be used for“被用来做”。
7．becoming 前加of
固定结构：dream of doing sth 梦想做某事。
8．the→a
固定短语：in a short time 在短时间内。
9．our→his
此处指叔叔的生意，用his 指代。
10．stead→steadily
修饰动词grow 用副词形式。
5. [2016·全国卷Ⅱ]
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每
句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose
between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in
that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we
cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It
does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
[解析]
1. how→what
“特殊疑问词＋to do”在本句中作短语talk about 的宾语，其中what 还作动词do 的宾语。
2. chose→choose
因为前面是情态动词，所以后面使用动词原形。
3. take→taking
本句中动名词短语staying at home 与taking a trip 构成并列关系，都作介词between 的宾语。
4. but→and
上下文之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以使用and 连接上下文。
5. about 后加the
此处使用the 表示特指。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第32页，总92页
6. your→our
根据语境，此处应该使用our，与本句的主语we 保持一致。
7. knowledges→knowledge
knowledge 是一个不可数名词，因此不能使用复数形式。
8. 删除can 或can→should
suggest作“建议”讲时后面的宾语从句应该使用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”或
者省略should。
9. thought→think
本文全文都是一般现在时，因此这里也应该使用一般现在时。
10. many→much
本句中的代词much 代替不可数名词much money 作动词cost 的宾语，而many 通常代替可
数名词的复数形式。
模拟新题精选
1. 【东北三省三校2017 届高三第二次联合模拟】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你
同桌写的以下作文。文中共10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2 只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
I will never forget a military training in California Summer Camp that August. The big sun was overhead, burned hot.
The drillmaster was very strict and we were all afraid of him. If one of us made a mistake, all of us will get such punishment
delaying a meal, standing for 10 minutes or whatever. Therefore, after training, it was no doubt that our drillmaster was
energetic and agreeable. His strong local accent kept us laugh madly. More interesting, he sang out of tune, from beginning
to end. Every time when he sang, we could help laughing to tears.
【答案】1. a---the
2. burned---burning;
3. will---would;
4. punishment 后加as;5.
Therefore---However;
6. it ---there;
7. laugh---laughing;
8. interesting---interestingly;9. 删除when;
10.
could---couldn't/或加not
【解析】文章作者回忆了在加利福尼亚夏令营的军训活动和其中的趣事。
1. a---the.考查冠词。此处特指在加利福尼亚夏令营的军训，表示特指用定冠词the，故a---the.
2. burned---burning.考查非谓语动词。句中burn 的主语和句子的主语一致，都是The big sun，两者是主动关系，此处
作状语用-ing 形式，故burned---burning.
3. will---would.考查动词时态。句中从句用过去时，根据句意主句也用过去时态的某种形式，此处用过去将来时，故
will---would.
4. punishment 后加as.考查介词。此处指我们将受到诸如晚吃饭，罚站10 分钟等惩罚。表示“如同，诸如”，故punishment
后加as.
5.Therefore---However.考查副词。上句说我们犯错后教官会惩罚我们，下句讲训练之后教官又会精力充沛。前后句
不是因果关系，是转折。故Therefore---However.
6. it ---there.考查固定句型。此处是there is no doubt that…句型，表示“毫无疑问…”，其中there be 表示“有”，故it
---there.
7. laugh---laughing.考查动词形式。keep sb. doing sth.让某人总是做某事，此处指教官浓重的当地口音总是让我们发笑，
故laugh---laughing.
8. interesting---interestingly.考查副词。此处单独用，在句中作状语用副词。故interesting---interestingly.
9. 删除when.考查连词。句中Every time 表示“每次”，表时间。When 也是表时间，两者重复。故删除when.
10. could---couldn't/或加not.考查情态动词。此处表示“禁不住做某事”，用can’t/couldn’t help doing，情
态动词用否定形式，故could---couldn't/或加not.
2. 【湖北八校2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
China has always been famous for being a “State of Etiquettes（礼仪）.” According to historical documents, as early as
2,600 years ago, this nation has already established a thorough set ____41____ dining etiquettes.
A famous 19th century Russian writer, Anton Chekhov, once invited a Chinese man ____42____(have) a drink in a bar.
Chekhov said, “Before drinking from his cup, he held ____43____ with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner
and bar tenders, ____44____ (say) ‘qing (please).’ This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink,
____45____ prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time. With every sip（一小口）, he ____46____ (eat) some food.
Afterwards he handed me some Chinese ____47____ (coin) to show gratitude. This is a rather interestingly polite
nationality…” This was the most valuable opinion of a Chinese person
___48___ was given by a foreigner two centuries ago. Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt
____49____ (serious) with; the ____50____ (important) the occasion, the more complex the procedures were.
【答案】41. of
42. to have
43. it
44. saying
45. but
46. ate
47. coins
48. that
49. seriously
50. more important
【解析】本文属于社会类文章。中国自古就是“礼仪之邦”，文章通过讲述19 世纪俄国作家契科夫对酒吧里中国人饮
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第33页，总92页
酒礼仪的描述，说明了中国人们对礼仪的重视。
41. of
考查固定搭配。。句意：中国一直是一个“礼仪这邦”。据记载，早在2600 年前，这个国家已经建立了一套完备的用
餐礼仪。A set of ，为固定搭配“一套”故用of .
42. to have
考查动词不定式。句意：一位著名的十九世纪俄国作家Anton Chekhov 曾经邀请一位中国男人到酒吧喝酒。搭配invite
sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，可知要用to have。
43. it
考查代词。指代上文中的cup，为同一物。
44. saying
考查非谓语动词。Say 在此表伴随，且与主语he 之间是主动关系，故填动词-ing 形式。在他喝酒之前，…说，“请”,
故用saying.
45. but
考查连词。not … but… 不是……而是……。句意：他们不像我们一样，一次喝完一杯，而是每次喝一点。故用but.
46. ate
考查时态。本文是叙述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。句意：他每喝一小口酒，就吃些东西。故要用ate。
47. coins
考查名词的数。coin 为可数名词，被some 修饰，用复数。
48. that
考查定语从句关系代词。本句的先行词为opinion，且被形容词最高级修饰，故用that 来引导。
49. seriously
考查副词。修饰动词用副词。句意：中国传统的晚餐程序很长还要认真对待。Serious 用于修饰动词deal with，形容
词不修饰动词，故要用副词seriously。
50. more important
考查形容词比较级分析句意可知，场合越重要，程序越复杂。本句为句型The more… the more….“越…,,,越……”，因此
要用比较级more important
3. 【广东七校联合体2018 届高三第二次联考试】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌
写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
I will share one experience with you. With the College Entrance Examination draw near, I was filled with great anxiety.
However, I couldn’t be absorbed in study, resulting from my failing in the examination. I got very discouraging. Just then,
my teacher, Miss Zhang, approach me and said, “In life we all have moment when we can’t achieve what we want it. It is
natural. Don’t allow those moments to weaken you, and turn them into motivation to inspire you.” Her words were a
reminder which provided myself with constant encouragement to smile at life. Consequently, I gained what I deserved.
So it is an optimistic attitude which matters most of all. It gives you the confidence to deal with difficulties and to
achieve what you want in your life.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第34页，总92页
【答案】
【解析】1.draw 改成drawing 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着高考临近，我心中充满了焦虑。本句是介词with 的
复合结构，其中with 的宾语the college Entrance Examination 与动词draw 构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词短语在
句中做宾语补足语。故将draw 改为drawing。
2.However 改为Therefore 考查副词。正因为我很焦虑，所以我才无法集中注意力于学习，导致我在考试中失败。
上下文之间是因果关系，所以使用副词therefore 表示因果关系。故将However 改为Therefore。
3.from 改为in 考查动词短语。短语result in 导致；result from 因为，由于。正是因为我很焦虑，所以我才无法
集中注意力于学习，导致我在考试中失败。根据句意可知应该使用短语result in“导致”，故将from 改为in。
4.discouraging 改为discouraged 考查形容词。形容词discouraged 感到泄气，该词通常修饰人；形容词discouraging
令人失望的，该词经常修饰事物。本句中使用discouraged 修饰主语I，故将discouraging 改为discouraged。
5.approach 改为approached 考查时态。由时间状语just then 可知用一般过去时态，故将approach 改为
approached。
6.moment 改为moments 考查名词单复数。句意：在生命里，我们都会有无法得到我们想要的东西的时刻。都
会有的时刻，要用复数形式，故将moment 改为moments。
7.it 去掉考查代词。句意：在生命里，我们都会有无法得到我们想要的东西的时刻。What 引导宾语从句作want
的宾语，it 多余应该去掉，故将it 去掉。
8.and 改为but 考查连词。句意：不要让这些消极时刻消弱我们，而是要把它们当成激励自己是动机。上下文
之间为转折关系，所以使用but 表示转折，故将and 改为but。
9.myself 改为me 考查连词。句意：不要让这些消极时刻消弱我们，而是要把它们当成激励自己是动机。不要
本句中宾语me 作动词inspire 的宾语。
10.which 改为that 考查固定句型。句意：所以最重要的是乐观的态度，它让你有信心去面对困难，实现你生活中想
要的。It is + 被强调部分+that+句子其他部分，是强调句型结构，故将which 改为that。
4. 【安徽省皖西南名校2018 年高三阶段性检测联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你
同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10 处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
The other day Li Ping was riding in the street when the old man came across the street without noticing her. The old
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第35页，总92页
man was knocking down. Instead of helping him stand up, Li Ping shouted at the old man angry.
The old man did not say something more. Several minutes later, she remembered her shoes lay on the backseat of the
bicycle, but now they are missing. She hurried back to the place which the accident took place. To his surprise, Li Ping
found the old man was waiting her. Li Ping felt really ashamed when the old man her for returned the shoes back to her.
【答案】
【解析】文章主要讲述了李萍在街上骑车时撞倒了一位突然过马路的老人。她很生气，过后发现在车上放置的
鞋子不见了，返回去发现老人在等她，将鞋子还给她。李萍感到很羞愧。
考查不定冠词。句意：一天李萍骑车在街上走的时候突然一位老人在没有注意到他的情况下过马路。“一位老人”为
泛指。根据题意，故将定冠词the 改为an。
考查被动语态。句意：老人被撞倒了。“The old man”与“knock”之间处于被动语态。根据题意，故将knocking 改为
knocked。
考查副词。句意：李萍朝老人生气地大喊。修饰动词“shouted”应使用副词。根据题意，故将形容词angry 改为angriy。
考查不定代词。句意：老人没有再说什么。根据题意，故将someing 改为anything。
考查时态。句意：但是现在鞋子不见了。该文描述的是过去发生的事，根据题意，故将are 改为were。
考查定语从句。句意：她匆匆赶回事故发生的地点。Place 为先行词，where 在从句中做地点状语。故使用where 引
导定语从句。根据题意，故将which 改为where。
考查代词。句意：令她吃惊的是。根据“She hurried back…”根据题意，故将his 改为her。
考查固定用法。句意：李萍发现老人正在等她。Wait for sb.等待某人。根据题意，故填加介词for。
考查固定用法。句意：当老人把她的鞋子还给她的时候，李萍感到非常的羞愧。
Return sth. to sb.送回，退还。根据题意，故将back 去掉。
5. 【河南省豫北豫南名校2018 届高三上学期第二次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1 个适当的单词或括号内
单词的正确形式。
Learning to play an instrument is something that can give you a lot of pleasure. It is also an achievement and a skill
___41___stays with your life. Music has a part to play in everyone’s life, and has___42___(describe)as “a primary
language.”
Learning to play an instrument isn’t easy at the beginning and ___43___(take)effort and determination. While it is OK
to aim for the top, music is___44___(certain)not something to take up because you think you ought to do it.
A lot of adults regret not having learnt to play an instrument when they___45___(be)younger. But it is never too late
to learn! And the ___46___(advantage)of learning an instrument are far ___47___(great)than just the pleasure of
producing an enjoyable sound. When you’ve progressed far enough, there are lots of amateur groups that you can join
___48___you want to be part of a larger group. Once you’ve reached a good enough standard___49___(join)a band or
orchestra(管弦乐队), you add the team skills like those you get from playing sport. There’s also a great social side to
playing
___50___others, as well as the chance to travel through touring.
【答案】41. which/that
42. been described
43. takes
44. certainly
45. were
46. advantages
47. greater
48. if/when
49. to join
50. with
【解析】学习一种乐器能给你生活带来乐趣。对孩子而言，年龄越大，音乐对他们就越重要。这里给你提供一些建
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第36页，总92页
议帮助你教孩子学习乐器。
41. 考查关系代词。句意：会乐器是一种成就，一种终身的技能，先行词是skill，在定语从句中做主语。故填
which/that。
42. 考查动词时态语态。句意：音乐被称为早期语言。根据空前的has 得知填现在完成时，音乐和称作是被动
关系，故填been described。
43. 考查副词。句意：刚开始学乐器不容易，需要努力和决心。Learning to play an srument 动名词做主语谓语用
单数第三人称。故填takes。
44. 考查副词。句意：音乐当然不是要从事的工作。副词修饰动词，这里副词是当然，动词是be。故填certainly。
45. 考查动词时态。句意：很多成年人后悔在小时候没有学一门乐器。后悔以前的事情用一般过去时。故填were。
46. 考查名词。句意：学乐器的优点远比欣赏其美妙的声音所带来的快乐多。根据谓语are 得知主语优点用复
数形式，故填advantages。
47. 考查形容词。句意：学乐器的优点远比欣赏其美妙的声音所带来的快乐多。根据后面的than 得知用形容词
比较级。故填greater。
48. 考查副词。句意：如果你想要加入更大的组合，这里有很多业余的组合你可以加入。根据语境得知是如果
或当你想…的时候。故填if/when。
49. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦你达到乐队或管弦乐队的标准，你就会给这个团队增光添彩。用不定式表示
表示目的将来。故填to join。
50. 考查介词。句意：和其他人一起弹奏乐器也会营造很好的社会面，也会给你带来环游演出的机会。和某人
一起演奏用介词with，故填with。
资料正文内容开始>>
专题5 完形填空—记叙类
方法与技巧
完形填空题要求考生具备的能力之一就是“正确的阅读理解能力”，同时，还要具备扎实的语法、词汇和文
化知识的综合积淀，是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。针对以上我们对完形填空试题的题型分析，答题时
考生可以从如下几个方面入手做出正确的选择：
一、树立语篇意识，解决局部问题
每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文互为映衬，前后照应，所以在解决局部问题时，考生
要树立牢固的语篇意识，遵循从“整体---局部----整体”这个解决问题的规律，不要把注意力孤立地局限在句子层面
上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻找答案的线索。（参考题型分类四）
二、借助逻辑连词，推敲前后文意
英文中的逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考
查学生的语用能力。常用的逻辑连词主要有：（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and, but, or, because, though,
however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite 等；（2）短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on
the contrary, instead of 等；（3）分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered 等。逻辑连词对
准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设的。考生在解题时要充分利用这
些逻辑连词，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚
至复现在文中。（参考题型分类四）
三、通达文章语境，明辨词语差异
高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生
在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答
案。（参考题型分类一）
四、活用知识积累，甄别习惯搭配
词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如
果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。（参
考题型分类一）
五、联系生活常识，再现相关情景
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第37页，总92页
都非常贴近学生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识或结合常识身临其境地想像当时的情景，从而做出正确的
判断。例如：
The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver
and then, using her hands to
31
the seats, settled in one of them.
31.A. touch
B .grab
C .count
D .feel
【解析】D 考查常识理解。考生要知道盲人是看不见的，所有的动作都是靠摸索的，据此可知应该选择
“feel”(摸索，感知),而不应该是“有目的”地去“touch”（触碰）；
32.A.weakness
B . sickness
C .darkness
D .sadness
【解析】C 考查常识理解。盲人陷入到黑暗的世界，这种表达在中文里面我们也使用，所以明显应该是“a world of
darkness”；
六、了解文化背景，克服母语干扰
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识。有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生
有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准
确解题。
总之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，考生除必须掌握一定的语法、词汇知识外，还有赖于提高阅读理解能力。
因为只有看懂了短文才能确定正确答案。另外考生还要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，逐渐增加训练的频度，
提高训练的难度，通过训练提高阅读理解能力，做到能根据短文所给线索和信息进行分析、推理、归纳、判断，进
一步提高词语辨析和灵活运用的能力。只有通过平时多读多练，不断拓宽知识面，进一步了解英美风土人情等有关
文化背景知识，熟练掌握英语习惯用语的表达等，才能为正确完成完形填空试题提供前提保障。
体验高考
1.[2017·北京卷]
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba，Canada. One day, when she was five years old，she was walking with her
mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man __36__ out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that, and
her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. Hannah was very __37__. She couldn't understand why some
people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. Hannah started to think about how she could
__38__，but，
of course，there is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve(解决) the problem of homelessness.
Later，when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman,
__39__ an old shopping
trolley( 购物车) which was piled with __40__. It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made
Hannah very sad, and even more __41__ to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless
people __42__ they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that
made her sad, she wouldn't __43__ as bad.
Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces. She hoped to __44__ her
message of hope and awareness. She started the Ladybug Foundation ，an organization aiming at getting rid of
homelessness. She began to __45__ “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to
__46__ to the cause. She also organized a fund-raising(募捐)drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyone's spare change
during “Make Change” month. More recently, the foundation began another __47__ called National Red Scarf Day—a day
when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada's __48__ and homeless.
There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah's Place”，something that Hannah is very __49__ of. Hannah's
Place is divided into several areas，providing shelter for people when it is so cold that __50__ outdoors can mean death. In
the more than five years since Hannah began her activities，she has received a lot of __51__. For example, she received the
2007 BRICK Award recognizing the __52__ of young people to change the world. But __53__ all this, Hannah still has the
__54__ life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.
Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a __55__ in the world. You can, too!
36. A. jumping
B. eating
C. crying
D. waving
37. A. annoyed
B. nervous
C. ashamed
D. upset
38. A. behave
B. manage
C. help
D. work
39. A. pushing
B. carrying
C. buying
D. holding
40. A. goods
B. bottles
C. foods
D. bags
41. A. excited
B. determined
C. energetic
D. grateful
42. A. since
B. unless
C. although
D. as
43. A. sound
B. get
C. feel
D. look
44. A. exchange
B. leave
C. keep
D. spread
45. A. sell
B. deliver
C. host
D. pack
46. A. contribute
B. lead
C. apply
D. agree
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第38页，总92页
47. A. campaign
B. trip
C. procedure
D. trial
48. A. elderly
B. hungry
C. lonely
D. sick
49. A. aware
B. afraid
C. proud
D. sure
50 A. going
B. sleeping
C. traveling
D. playing
51. A. praises
B. invitations
C. replies
D. appointments
52. A. needs
B. interests
C. dreams
D. efforts
53. A. for
B. through
C. besides
D. along
54. A. healthy
B. public
C. normal
D. tough
55. A. choice
B. profit
C. judgement
D. difference
【文章大意】本文描述了一位心地善良的小女孩，在目睹饥寒交迫、无家可归的流浪汉的凄惨生活后，竭尽所
能帮助他人的故事。
36．B
根据下文“…the man was homeless and hungry.”可以知道，此时这个人在垃圾桶捡东西吃，故选B。
37．D
根据句子“She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.”可知，
当时她的心情是难过不安的，故选D。
38．C
根据上文Hannah 看到无家可归的人感到很难过，可知她想要帮助他们，故选C。
39．A
根据上下文可知这位无家可归的女士推着一个老旧的购物车，故选A。
40．D
根据下文“…everything the woman owned was in them.”可知，them 指代手推车里堆满的袋子，故选择D。
41．B
根据上下文可知Hannah 更加下定决心要帮助无家可归的人。故选B。
42．A
此处句意是说自从她们第一次遇到无家可归的人，Hannah 就一直在和她妈妈讨论无家可归的人的生活。
由此可知答案选A。
43．C
根据上文可知，Hannah 感到很难过，所以妈妈告诉她如果她可以做点什么来改变这一切，那么她就不会
感觉这么糟糕了，此处应为“感到，感觉”，故选C。
44．D
根据Hannah 开始在公开场合做些关于无家可归的人的演讲，呼吁人们关注他们，可知此处表示她想传播希
望和唤起人们的意识，故选D。
45．C
根据后半句“她会在午餐期间尽力说服当地的商业领导们为这一帮扶事业出力”，可知此空应是举办一些
“大老板”午餐活动。故选C。
46．A
据上题可知，Hannah 尽力去说服当地的大老板为解决无家可归的问题做出贡献，故选A。
47．A
根据上下文可知，another 后应是前文提到的与募捐有关的活动，即National Red Scarf Day，故选A。
48．B
根据文章第一段中妈妈的话“…the man was homeless and hungry.”，可知本空应填hungry，故选B。
49．C
根据下文的描述，可知Hannah's
Place 是能够给流浪者们提供躲避严寒的地方，Hannah 已经为很多流浪者
提供了帮助，这是她深感自豪的事。故选C。
50．B
根据语境可知此处指在严寒下，睡在户外就意味着死亡，故选B。
51．A
根据下文可知她因自己的善行而获得了很多表彰，故选A。
52．D
Hannah 获得的“2007 BRICK Award”奖就是认可年轻人为改变世界所做出的努力，故选D。
53．B
through all this 意思是“经历所有这些”。虽然Hannah 做了这么多事情，但她也是一名普通的女学生，故
选B。
54．C
据上题可知Hannah 依旧过着普通校园女孩的生活，故选C。
55．D
Hannah 是一个通过自己的努力改变世界的年轻人，make a difference 意为“使变得不同，有影响”，故选
D。
2.[2017·江苏卷]
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
For a long time Gabriel didn't want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school，Gabriel would look
pityingly at the music students, __36__ across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, __37__ at school for practice
hours __38__ anyone else had to be there. He swore to himself to __39__ music，as he hated getting to school extra early.
__40__，one day，in the music class that was __41__of his school's standard curriculum，he was playing idly (随意地) on
the piano and found it __42__to pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling，he realized that he actually __43__doing it. He tried
to hide his __44__pleasure from the music teacher ，who had __45__over to listen. He might not have done this
particularly well，__46__the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good __47__ and suggested that Gabriel go into the music
store-room to see if any of the instruments there __48__him.There he decided to give the cello (大提琴) a __49__．When
he began practising，he took it very __50__．But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument，and was __51__to
practising it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
This __52__，of course，that he arrived at school early in the morning，__53__his heavy instrument case across the campus
to the __54__looks of the non-musicians he had left__55__．
36.A.travelling
B.marching
C.pacing
D.struggling
37. A.rising up
B.coming up
C.driving up
D.turning up
38. A.before
B.after
C.until
D.since
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第39页，总92页
39. A.betray
B.accept
C.avoid
D.appreciate
40. A.Therefore
B.However
C.Thus
D.Moreover
41. A.part
B.nature
C.basis
D.spirit
42. A.complicate
B.safe
C.confusing
D.easy
43. A.missed
B.disliked
C.enjoyed
D.denied
44. A.transparent
B.obvious
C.false
D.similar
45. A.run
B.jogged
C.jumped
D.wandered
46. A.because
B.but
C.though
D.so
47. A.ear
B.taste
C.heart
D.voice
48. A.occurred to
B.took to
C.appealed
D.held to
49. A.change
B.chance
C.mission
D.function
50. A.seriously
B.proudly
C.casually
D.admitted
51. A.committed
B.used
C.limited
D.admitted
52. A.proved
B.showed
C.stressed
D.meant
53. A.pushing
B.dragging
C.lifting
D.rushing
54. A.admiring
B.pitying
C.annoying
D.teasing
55. A.over
B.aside
C.behind
D.out
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述Gabriel 看到学音乐的学生拿着沉重的音乐器材穿过校园，早上练
习好几个小时，便不想学习音乐；然而，一天他不经意地弹奏了钢琴，之后就发现他喜欢上了弹奏乐器。因此他开
始踏上和那些学音乐的学生相同的道路。
36. D
根据本句中的“…look pityingly at the music students…”以及“…their heavy instrument cases…”可推断，学
音乐的学生们拿着沉重的音乐器材挣扎着穿过校园。struggle“挣扎，奋斗”，符合语境。travel 旅行；march 前进；
pace 走来走去。
37. D
根据后面一句中的“…as he hated getting to school extra early.”可知，在别人还没到之前，学音乐的学生们
就出现在学校并练习好几个小时了。turn up“出现”，符合语境。rise up 上升；come up 被提及，发生；drive up
开车赶到。
38. A
根据上题解析可知，before“在……之前”，符合语境。after 在……之后；until 直到；since 既然，自从。
39. C
根据本句中的“…as he hated getting to school extra early.”可知，他发誓避免学音乐。avoid“避免”，符合
语境。betray 背叛；accept 接受；appreciate 欣赏，感激。
40. B
根据上文可知，他发誓避免学音乐，结合本句中的“…he was playing idly (随意地) on the piano…”可知，此
处表示转折。however“然而”，符合语境。therefore 因此；thus 因此；moreover 而且。
41. A
根据常识可知，音乐课是他的学校标准课程的一部分。part“部分”，符合语境。nature 自然；basis 基础；
spirit 精神。
42. D
根据语境可知，他正在随意地弹钢琴，并且发现很容易弹奏出曲调。easy“容易的”，符合语境。complicated
复杂的；safe 安全的；confusing 迷惑的。
43. C
根据后面一句中的pleasure 可知，他意识到他事实上喜欢弹钢琴。enjoy“喜爱”，符合语境。miss 错过，想
念；dislike 厌恶；deny 否认。
44. B
根据前面一句可知，他意识到他事实上喜欢弹钢琴。而本句中tried 一词说明这种喜悦是很明显的。obvious“明
显的”，符合语境。transparent 透明的，清澈的；false 错误的；similar 相似的。
45. D
根据上文中的“…he was playing idly (随意地) on the piano and found it…to pick out tunes.”可推断，老师走过
来听。wander“漫步”，符合语境。run 跑；jog 慢跑；jump 跳。
46. A
根据语境可知，他的钢琴可能弹得没那么好，因为老师告诉他，虽然他有很好的鉴赏力，但还是建议他去音
乐贮藏室看看是否有适合他的乐器。前后句表示因果。because“因为”，符合语境。but 但是；though 尽管；so 因
此。
47. A
根据上文可知，他随意弹奏就能成曲子，说明他有乐感。a good ear“好的鉴赏力”，符合语境。taste 味道，
品味；heart 心；voice 声音。
48. C
根据语境可知，老师建议Gabriel 走进音乐贮藏室看看有没有什么乐器能吸引他。appeal to“对……有吸引
力”，符合语境。occur to 发生；take to 开始喜欢；hold to 坚持。
49. B
根据语境可知，他决定给大提琴一个机会。chance“机会”，符合语境。change 改变；mission 任务；function
功能。
50. C
根据后面一句中的“But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument…”可推断，开始练习时，他很
随意地对待这件事。casually“随意地”，符合语境。seriously 严肃地，认真地；proudly 自豪地；naturally 自然地。
51. A
根据本句中的“…so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.”可知，他致力于练习，因
此在几个月内，他就演奏得相当好了。be committed to“致力于”，符合语境。use 使用；limit 限制；admit 承认，
允许进入。
52. D
根据语境可知，这意味着他早上要早到学校，拖拽着沉重的乐器穿过校园。mean“意味着”，符合语境。prove
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第40页，总92页
证明；show 显示；stress 强调，使紧张。
53. B
根据上题解析可知，drag“拖拽”，符合语境。push 推；lift 举起；rush 冲。
54. B
根据文章第一段可知，他曾经很长时间不想学习音乐，并且同情地看着学音乐的学生。由此可推断，他现在
也要在他留下的非音乐学生的同情的表情中穿过校园。pity“怜悯，同情”，符合语境。admire 钦佩；annoy 惹恼；
tease 取笑。
55. C
根据上题解析可知，leave behind“留下”，符合语境。leave over 剩下；leave aside 搁置；leave out 遗漏，省
去。
3.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that
exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my __42__ at college for
the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
I never felt an urge to __43__ any sign language before. My entire family is hearing，and so are all my friends. The __44__
languages were enough in all my interactions(交往)．Little did I know that I would discover my __45__ for ASL.
The __46__ began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club __47__
their translation of a song. Both
the hand movements and the very __48__ of communicating without speaking __49__ me. What I saw was completely
unlike anything I had experienced in the
__50__. This newness just left me __51__ more.
After that, feeling the need to __52__ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings. I only learned how to
__53__ the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my __54__ progress，I was excited. I then made it a
point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could.
The following term, I __56__ an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was
__57__. I soon realized that the
silence was not unpleasant. __58__，if there had been any talking, it would have __59__ us to learn less. Now, I appreciate
the silence and the __60__ way of communication it opens.
41. A. searching
B. planning
C. natural
D. formal
42. A. progress
B. experience
C. major
D. opinion
43. A. choose
B. read
C. learn
D. create
44. A. official
B. foreign
C. body
D. spoken
45. A. love
B. concern
C. goal
D. request
46. A. meeting
B. trip
C. story
D. task
47. A. recorded
B. performed
C. recited
D. discussed
48. A. idea
B. amount
C. dream
D. reason
49. A. disturbed
B. supported
C. embarrassed
D. attracted
50. A. end
B. past
C. course
D. distance
51. A. showing
B. acting
C. saying
D. wanting
52. A. exercise
B. explore
C. express
D. explain
53. A. print
B. write
C. sign
D. count
54. A. slow
B. steady
C. normal
D. obvious
55. A. chair
B. sponsor
C. attend
D. organize
56. A. missed
B. passed
C. gave up
D. registered for
57. A. prohibited
B. welcomed
C. ignored
D. repeated
58. A Lastly
B. Thus
C. Instead
D. However
59.A.required
B. caused
C. allowed
D. expected
60.A.easy
B. popular
C. quick
D. new
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在大学期间学习美式手语的经历。刚开始作者认为自己没有必
要学习手语，直到有一次看到手语俱乐部的表演，作者深深地为之吸引，从而产生了学习手语的渴望。
41. A
“我”自己经历了这个探索的过程。根据前文“While high school does not generally encourage students to
explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.”可知大学为探索提供了平台，所以这里指的是作
者探索的过程。searching 寻找的，探索的；planning 计划的；natural 自然的；formal 正式的。故选A。
42. B
“我”发现的某些东西改变了“我”的大学生活经历。progress 进步；experience 经历；major 主修课目；
opinion 观点。故选B。
43. C
“我”以前从没有过学习手语的冲动。choose 选择；read 看，读；learn 学习；create 创造。故选C。
44. D
根据前文“My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.”可知，作者的家人及朋友都可以听得到，作者认
为在平时的交流中，口语就足够了。official 官方的；foreign 外国的；body 肢体；spoken 口语的。故选D。
45. A
“我”没想过“我”会发现自己对美式手语的热爱。前文中“I never felt an urge to…any sign language before.”
表明作者以前从未想过学习手语，而根据后文内容可知，作者非常喜欢手语。love 热爱；concern 关心，顾虑；goal
目标；request 请求。故选A。
46. C
故事发生在“我”上大学的第一周。这里作者开始讲述在大学学习手语的事情。meeting 会议；trip 旅行；
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第41页，总92页
story 故事；task 任务。故选C。
47. B
“我”观看ASL 俱乐部表演一首歌的内容。通过分析可知ASL 俱乐部是手语俱乐部，故应该是在用手语表
演一首歌。record 记录；perform 表现，表演；recite 背诵；discuss 讨论。故选B。
48. A
手部的动作和不用语言进行交流的想法吸引了“我”。作者当时在看手语表演，而手语就是借助手势进行交
流。idea 想法；amount 数量；dream 梦想；reason 原因。故选A。
49. D
分析语境可知ASL 俱乐部的表演吸引了作者，否则作者也不会去学习手语。disturb 打扰；
support 支持；
embarrass 使……难堪；attract 吸引。故选D。
50. B
“我”所看到的和“我”在过去所经历的事情完全不同。end 结束，末尾；past 过去；course 课程；distance
距离。固定短语in the past 意为“在过去”，故选B。
51. D
这种新奇的感觉使“我”想了解更多。分析语境可知作者被手语吸引，想要进一步了解手语，所以也有了后
文中的参加手语俱乐部的会议。show 展示；act 行动；say 说；want 想要。故选D。
52. B
在那之后，“我”想要探索更多关于手语的东西，于是“我”参加了ASL 俱乐部的一次会议。exercise 锻炼；
explore 探索；express 表达；explain 解释。故选B。
53. C
那天“我”只学会了用手语表达字母。作者第一次参加手语俱乐部的会议，学会的应该是最基本的用手语表
达字母。print 打印；write 写；sign 打手语；count 数。故选C。
54. A
“我”并没有因为自己缓慢的进步而沮丧，相反“我”很兴奋。因为作者只学会了用手语表达字母，所以进
步是很慢的。slow 缓慢的；steady 平稳的；normal 正常的；obvious 明显的。故选A。
55. C
“我”那时下定决心参加俱乐部所有的会议去学习“我”能学习的一切。chair 主持；sponsor 赞助；attend
参加；organize 组织。attend meetings 参加会议。故选C。
56. D
接下来的一个学期，“我”报名参加了一个手语班。miss 错过，想念；pass 通过；give up 放弃；register for
报名登记。故选D。
57. A
教授的耳朵听不见，任何口语交流都是被禁止的。根据后文“…if there had been any talking…”可知在课堂
上没有口语交流。prohibit 禁止；welcome 欢迎；ignore 忽视；repeat 重复。故选A。
58. C
相反，如果有口语交流，那只会造成“我们”学习更少的手语。根据前文“I soon realized that the silence was not
unpleasant.”可知作者很快意识到安静并不是令人不愉快的。lastly 最后，终于；thus 因此；instead 反而；however
然而。故选C。
59. B
如果有口语交流，那只会造成“我们”学的手语更少。require 要求；cause 造成；allow 允许；expect 期待。
故选B。
60. D
现在“我”很感激当时的安静并且享受它带来的一种新的交流方式。easy 简单的；popular 受欢迎的；quick
快速的；new 新的。故选D。
4.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 1973，I was teaching elementary school. Each day，27 kids __41__ “The Thinking Laboratory”．That was the __42__
students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too
__43__．
Freddy was an average __44__，but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion(同情)．He
would __45__ the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone's
__46__．
Before the school year __47__，I gave the kids a special __48__，T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your __49__” on them.
I had advised the kids that while verbs(动词) may seem dull，most of the __50__ things they do throughout their lives will
be verbs.
Through the years, I'd run into former students who would provide __51__ on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did
several jobs after his __52__ from high school and remained the same
__53__ person I met forty years before. Once,
while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless man __54__ in his truck. Another time，he __55__ a friend money to
buy a house.
Just last year，I was __56__ a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman __57__ the interruption
and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and __58__ it up. Inside were the “Verbs” shirt and a __59__ from
Freddy's mother. “Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving. He wanted you to have this.”
I told the story to the class. As sad as it was, I couldn't help smiling. Although Freddy was taken from us，we all __60__
something from
Freddy.
41. A. built
B. entered
C. decorated
D. ran
42. A. name
B. rule
C. brand
D. plan
43. A. small
B. dark
C. strange
D. dull
44. A. scholar
B. student
C. citizen
D. worker
45. A. speak
B. sing
C. question
D. laugh
46. A. misfortune
B. disbelief
C. dishonesty
D. mistake
47. A. changed
B. approached
C. returned
D. ended
48.A.lesson
B. gift
C. report
D. message
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第42页，总92页
49. A.friends
B.Awards
C.Masters
D.Tasks
50. A.simple
B.unique
C. fun
D.clever
51. A.assessments
B. comments
C.instructions
D.updates
52. A.graduation
B. retirement
C.separation
D.resignation
53. A.daring
B.modest
C.caring
D.smart
54. A.wait
B.sleep
C.study
D.live
55. A.paid
B.charged
C.lent
D.owed
56. A.observing
B.preparing
C. designing
D.conducting
57. A.regretted
B.avoided
C.excused
D.ignored
58. A.opened
B.packed
C.gave
D.held
59. A.picture
B.bill
C.note
D.diary
60. A.chose
B.took
C.expected
D.borrowed
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。多年前作者在一所小学任教，学生Freddy 虽然成绩平平，但性格很好，既有同
情心，又是乐天派。学年结束前作者给每个孩子送了一件T 恤衫，上面印有Verbs Are Your Friends(把动词当作朋友)
的字样，多年后得知Freddy 的各种爱心事迹。Freddy 不幸去世后，其母亲寄了一封信到学校，交给作者多年前送给
Freddy 的“动词”T 恤衫，令作者感慨良多。
41. B
学生每天进入“思考实验室”学习。build 建造；enter 进入；decorate 装饰；run 奔跑，管理。
42. A
从Room 104 到The Thinking Laboratory 只是名字(name)的改变。
43. D
既然是投票选名，肯定是之前的名字太无趣(dull)了，而且下文信息多次重复这一因素。
44. B
根据语境可知Freddy 是一名普通的学生。
45. D
Freddy 性格开朗，遇到趣事会开怀大笑。
46. A
从空前的提示词saddest 可知Freddy 对他人的不幸(misfortune)会表现得极为悲伤。
47. D
作者在学年结束前赠予学生T 恤衫，并在衣服上印了寄语。
48. B
T 恤衫是作者送给学生的礼物。
49. A
“把动词当作朋友”，即作者希望学生们要有爱心行动，不要空谈。
50. C
T 恤衫寓意深刻。尽管“动词”本身是枯燥的，但把它们变成行动是最大的乐趣。作者告诫学生们要做行动
的巨人。
51. D
这些年来，作者偶然从以前的学生那里得知他们老同学的近况。用update 表示得知的信息不断在更新。
52. A
作者得知Freddy 毕业后干了几种不同的工作。
53. C
Freddy 毕业后个性未变，仍然是一个充满爱心(caring)的人。从下文的两个具体事例可知Freddy 一直对别人充
满爱心。
54. B
Freddy 让无家可归者睡在自己的车上。
55. C
Freddy 借钱给朋友购房。
56. D
conduct 在此表示“指导，管理”。此处表示作者在上课。
57. C
excuse 在此用来表达打搅别人之时的歉意。一般情况下用于excuse me 或者excuse oneself 结构，也可用于
excuse one's leave 或者excuse one's interruption 等结构。
58. A
作者打开信封。
59. C
信封里的便条(note)告知作者Freddy 离世的消息。
60. B
Freddy 被上帝带走，但我们却从Freddy 的故事得到很多启发。
5. [2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman. But __41__ apply. You must be named
Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian __42__．
Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets
in May, but their __43__ ended and he did not want her ticket to __44__. The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可转让)
__45__，but since passport information was not required when __46__，any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can __47__
it.
“I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to __48__ a lot of joy，” said Axani. He posted his __49__
on a social networking website, and received thousands of e-mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with
the __50__ passports. “More __51__，there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in __52__ their name to
Elizabeth Gallagher，” Axani said. “It was absolutely out of __53__，thousands of e-mails, people around the world
__54__ their stories of travel.”
Axani wrote in his post that he is not __55__ anything in return and that the woman who uses the __56__ ticket can
choose to either travel with him or __57__ the ticket and travel on her own.
The __58__ is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and
New Delhi before __59__ in Toronto on January 8. He said the
__60__ woman will be announced on the website and
the trip will be shared online.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第43页，总92页
41.A.benefits
B.deposits
C.retrictions
D.examinations
42.A.orgin
B.passport
C.accent
D.firend
43.A.holiday
B.marriage
C.dream
D.relationship
44.A.go to waste
B.come to mind
C. go no sale
D.come into effect
45.A.policy
B.order
C.parment
D.schedule
46.A.applying
B.booking
C.checking
D.bargaining
47.A.use
B.borrow
C.choose
D.buy
48.A.sacrifice
B.express
C.experience
D.provide
49.A.answer
B.advice
C.offer
D.comment
50.A.same
B.right
C.now
D.real
51. A. interesting
B. annoying
C. satisfying
D. convincing
52. A. writing
B. giving
C. lending
D. changing
53. A. touch
B. question
C. date
D. control
54. A. admiring
B. advertising
C. sharing
D. doubting
55. A. leaving
B. looking for
C. losing
D. dealing with
56. A. leaving
B. looking for
C. losing
D. dealing with
57. A. return
B. take
C. reserve
D. hide
58. A. interview
B. program
C. trip
D. meeting
59. A. ending
B. calling
C. repeating
D. staying
60.A.honored
B. lovely
C. intelligent
D. lucky
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。Axani 订好了机票打算和女友周游世界，但是他和女朋友最终分手，票又不能退，
该怎么办呢？Axani 通过向同名同国籍的女士免费赠票的方式解决了这一问题。
41. C
根据后句可知，得到这张免费机票的女士的名字必须是“Elizabeth Gallagher”，还需有加拿大护照。很显然这
是限制(restriction)条件。benefit 益处；deposit 存款，寄存；examination 检查，检测。
42. B
后文passport 有原词复现。这里表达的意思是“需要加拿大护照”。
43. D
由语境可知，他本来和女朋友订了机票，但是不幸分手了，机票不能退。由此可知，这里表达的意思是“他
和女朋友分手了”，也就是“两人的关系结束了”，所以选D。holiday 假期；marriage 婚姻；dream 梦想。
44. A
和女朋友分手了，票又不能退，他不想把票浪费(go to waste)掉，于是就产生了免费赠票的想法。come to mind
想起来；go on sale 出售；come into effect 生效。
45. A
根据常识和语境可知，机票不可转让是航空部门制定的政策(policy)。order 命令；payment 支付；schedule 日
程表。
46. B
根据下文可知当订票(book)的时候并不需要护照信息。apply 申请，应用；check 检查；bargain 讨价还价。
47. A
根据下文可知任何同名的人都可以使用(use)这张机票。borrow 借；choose
选择。下文中的“go to good use”
有原词复现。
48. C
某人可以体验(experience)环球旅行的快乐。sacrifice 牺牲；express 表达；provide 提供。
49. C
由语境可知，这里指的是他把赠票信息发布到网络上，所以选offer，意为“(主动)提供”。answer 答案；advice
建议；comment 评价，评论。
50. B
根据语境可知这里指的是恰当的护照，所以选right。same 相同的；new 新的；real 真正的。
51. A
更有趣的(interesting)是还有很多人想改成这个名字。annoying 恼人的；satisfying 令人满意的；convincing 有
说服力的。
52. D
由第一段的信息可知，要想得到这张票需要两个条件，有很多满足第二个条件的人(加拿大护照)想通过改名
的方式再满足第一个条件，所以这里表达的意思是：有些人想要改成(change)他前女友的名字。write 写；give 给；
lend 借出。
53. D
这件事几乎失去了控制。out of touch 失去联系；out of question 毫无疑问；out of date 过期；out of control
失去控制。故选D。
54. C
世界上很多人都在分享他们旅行的故事。admire 羡慕；advertise 打广告；share 分享；doubt 怀疑。
55. B
他没有盼望得到回报，只是不想让票浪费了。look for 意为“寻找”。leave 留下；lose 丢失；deal with 处理。
56. D
他之前的女朋友不能和他一起旅行了，所以票是多余的(extra)。
57. B
使用这张票的人可以和他一起旅行，也可以拿走(take)票自己去旅行。return 归还；reserve 保留，保存；hide
藏。
58. C
根据上下文可知是环球旅行。interview
采访；programme 项目；meeting 会议，见面。
59. A
根据上文的start 可知这里说的是结束(end)时间。
60. D
结合常识和上文所说的有那么多人对这张票感兴趣可知，能得到这张免费票的人是幸运的。所以选D。
honoured 荣幸的；lovely 可爱的；intelligent 聪明的。
6.[2017·浙江卷6 月考]
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a __36__ place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第44页，总92页
They __37__ various matters all over the world. When the war was near, Alia was __38__ that the fires of war would
destroy the books, which are more
__39__ to her than mountains of gold. The books are in every language— new books,
ancient books, __40__ a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
She had asked the government for __41__ to move the books to a __42__ place, but they refused. So Alia took matters
into her own hands. __43__，she brought books home every night,
__44__ her car late after work. Her friends came to
__45__ her when the war broke out. Anis who owned a restaurant __46__ to hide some books. All through the __47__，
Alia, Anis, his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library, __48__ them over the seven-foot wall and
__49__ them in the restaurant. The books stayed hidden as the war __50__. Then nine days later, a fire burned the __51__
to the ground.
One day, the bombing stopped and the __52__ left. But the war was not over yet. Alia knew that if the books were to be
safe, they must be __53__ again while the city was __54__. So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of
friends in the suburbs (郊区). Now Alia waited for the war to end and __55__ peace and a new library.
36. A. meeting
B. working
C. personal
D. religious
37. A. raised
B. handled
C. reported
D. discussed
38. A. worried
B. angry
C. doubtful
D. curious
39. A. practical
B. precious
C. reliable
D. expensive
40. A. then
B. still
C. even
D. rather
41. A. permission
B. confirmation
C. explanation
D. information
42. A. large
B. public
C. distant
D. safe
43. A. Fortunately
B. Surprisingly
C. Seriously
D. Secretly
44. A. starting
B. parking
C. filling
D. testing
45. A. stop
B. help
C. warn
D. rescue
46. A. intended
B. pretended
C. happened
D. agreed
47. A. war
B. night
C. building
D. way
48. A. put
B. opened
C. passed
D. threw
49. A. hid
B. exchanged
C.burnt
D. distributed
50. A. approached
B. erupted
C. continued
D. ended
51. A. restaurant
B. library
C. city
D. wall
52. A. neighbours
B. soldiers
C. friends
D. customers
53. A. sold
B. read
C. saved
D. moved
54. A. occupied
B. bombed
C. quiet
D. busy
55. A. dreamed of
B. believed in
C. cared about
D. looked for
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在伊拉克的战火中，Alia Baker 和朋友们勇敢地保护图书馆书籍的故
事。
36. A
根据下文可知，很多爱书人士经常到图书馆来看书，分享知识，这是“以书会友”的地方，故选meeting。
37. D
他们在这里议论世界诸事，也很好地照应了上文的meeting place，故选discuss，表示“讨论、议论”。
38. A
根据上文提到战争即将来临，所以Alia 很担心书在战火中可能会被毁掉，故选worry。
39. B
从下文的mountains of gold 可知，Alia 认为这些书比“金山”还要珍贵，所以选precious，意为“珍贵的”。
40. C
此处语义表示递进。这里的书有新的，有古老的，甚至还有一本有700 年历史的关于伊拉克历史的书。
41. A
根据语境可知，她曾希望政府允许她把书搬到安全的地方去藏起来。此处ask for permission 表示“征求……
的许可”。
42. D
根据语境可知，她希望把书藏到安全的地方，所以选safe。
43. D
因为她的要求被政府拒绝了，所以Alia 只能晚上偷偷地运书。
44. C
她只能晚上偷偷地把这些书装到她的汽车里运出去，故选fill 表示“装载”。
45. B
战争爆发后，她的朋友们也赶来帮助她。
46. D
根据下文知，Anis 有一家餐馆，他也答应把一些书藏到他的餐馆里。agree to do 表示“同意做，答应做”。
47. B
根据语境可知，他们只能在晚上搬书，这也很好地照应了上文中的every night。
48. C
根据上下文可知，他们要把从图书馆里搬来的书递过高达7 英尺的墙，并把它们藏在餐馆里，所以选pass
表示“传递”。
49. A
结合上题解析可知，他们把书藏到了餐馆，故选hide。
50. C
根据语境可知，战争还在继续(continued)，而图书馆在9 天后被大火烧毁。
51. B
根据语境及上一题解析可知，图书馆被烧毁了，故选library。
52. B
轰炸停止了，士兵们也撤出了城市，所以选soldiers。
53. D
根据下文可知，Alia 认为，要想这些书安全，必须把这些书再转移到更安全的地方。
54. C
结合上一题解析。所以在城市安静的时候(表示没有再次发生战争的时候)，她又雇了辆卡车把书运到了郊区
的朋友家。
55. A
根据the war to end 等可知，Alia 在期盼和平和一座新图书馆。此处dream of 表示“梦想、期盼……”。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第45页，总92页
7. [2016·全国卷Ⅰ]
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A heroic driver
Larry works with Transport Drivers，Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was __41__ along 165 north after delivering to
one of his __42__. Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.
__43__ he got closer, he found __44__ vehicle upside
down on the road. One more look and he noticed __45__ shooting out from under the __46__ vehicle. Larry pulled over, set
the brake and
__47__
the fire extinguisher(灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.
The man who had his bright lights on __48__ and told Larry he had __49__ an emergency call. They
__50__
heard
a woman's voice coming from the wrecked(毁坏的) vehicle.
__51__ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get
out of the broken window. They told her to stay __52__ until the emergency personnel arrived,
__53__ she thought the
car was going to __54__. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move __55__ she injured her
neck.
Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man __56__ and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked
the __57__
if he was needed or
__58__
to go. They let him and the other man go.
One thing is
__59__
—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His
__60__
most likely saved the woman's life.
41. A. walking
B. touring
C．traveling
D．rushing
42. A. passengers
B. colleagues
C. employers
D. customers
43. A. Since
B. Although
C. As
D. If
44. A. each
B. another
C. that
D. his
45. A. flames
B. smoke
C. water
D. steam
46. A. used
B. disabled
C. removed
D. abandoned
47. A. got hold of
B. prepared
C. took charge of
D. controlled
48. A. came down B. came through
C. came in
D. came over
49. A. returned
B. received
C. made
D. confirmed
50. A. then
B. again
C. finally
D. even
51. A. Starting
B. Parking
C. Passing
D. Approaching
52. A. quiet
B. still
C. away
D. calm
53. A. for
B. so
C. and
D. but
54. A. explode
B. slip away
C. fall apart
D. crash
55. A. as if
B. unless
C. in case
D. after
56. A. stepped forward
B. backed off
C. moved on
D. set out
57. A. woman
B. police
C. man
D. driver
58. A. forbidden
B. ready
C. asked
D. free
59. A. for certain
B. for consideration C. reported
D. checked
60. A. patience
B. skills
C. efforts
D. promise
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了司机Larry 在路上遇到着火的汽车，积极救人的故事。
41．C
walk 走路；tour 旅行；travel 旅游，行进；rush 冲。根据下文中“Larry pulled over…”可知他沿着公
路行驶。故选C。
42．D
passenger 乘客；colleague 同事；employer 雇主；customer 顾客，客户。根据首句“Larry works with Transport
Drivers，Inc.”可知他是送货司机，再根据空前的after delivering 可推断他应该是在给客户送完货后在回去的路上。
故选D。
43．C
根据语境判断当他走近的时候，他又发现了另一辆汽车。as 意为“当……时候”。故选C。
44．B
根据前句“Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.”可知当时有一辆开着灯的汽车，由此判断他又
发现另一辆损毁的汽车。故选B。
45．A
flame 火苗；smoke 烟；water 水；steam 蒸汽。根据第一段末句“…the fire was put out.”可知当时汽车
是着火了。故选A。
46．B
根据第二段中的a woman's voice coming from the wrecked(毁坏的) vehicle 可知，汽车被毁坏了。used 使
用过的；disabled 报废的；removed 被移除的；abandoned 被遗弃的。故选B。
47．A
get hold of 拿起；prepare 准备；take charge of 负责；control 控制。根据后句可知他下车拿起灭火器灭
火。故选A。
48．D
come down 下来；come through 经历；come in 进来；come over 走过来。那个司机走了过来和Larry
说话。故选D。
49．C
return 归还；receive a call 接到电话；make a call 打电话；confirm 确认。根据下文可知这个司机打了
报警电话。故选C。
50．A
then 那时；again 再次；finally 终于；even 甚至。根据语境判断，那时他们听到在车内有人发出声音。
故选A。
51．D
start 开始；park 停车；pass 通过；approach 走近。根据上文可知汽车着火了，情况很危险，由此推断
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第46页，总92页
Larry 他们离汽车很远，故他们走近了才看到车内的那位女士。
52．B
quiet 安静的；still 不动的；away 远离的；calm 沉着的。根据本段末句“…she should not move…”可
知，Larry 让这名女士不要动。故选B。
53．D
根据后句可以推断这位受困的女士想从汽车里出来，而Larry 不让她动，怕她伤到脖子，这两句话之间
是转折关系。故选D。
54．A
根据后句内容判断这位女士害怕汽车会爆炸。explode 爆炸；slip away 溜走；fall apart 散架，崩溃；crash
坠毁，摔碎。故选A 。
55．C
根据上下文可知Larry 害怕她的脖子会受伤，前后句之间是假设关系。in case 以免。故选C。
56．B
step forward 走上前去；back off 后退；move on 继续；set out 出发。根据后句内容可以推断他们为了不
妨碍警察救人，都退到后面。故选B。
57．B
woman 妇女；police 警察；man 男人；driver 司机。根据上文“Once fire and emergency people arrived…”
可知是救援的警察赶到了现场。Larry 问警察是否需要他帮忙，他是否可以走了。故选B。
58．D
forbidden 被禁止的；ready 准备好的；asked 被要求的；free 自由的。根据后句可知警察让他们离开了，
由此判断Larry 问警察他是否可以走开。
59．A
for certain 无疑地，确定地；for consideration 以供参考；report 报道；check 核实。有一件事是毫无疑
问的，那就是Larry 超越职责来给燃烧的汽车灭火。正是Larry 的努力挽救了那位女士的性命。故选A。
60．C
从上文可知Larry 的努力挽救了这位女士的性命。patience 耐心；skill 技能；effort 努力；promise 承诺。
故选C。
8. 【2016·北京】完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5 分，共30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项
涂黑。
A Race Against Death
It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch
36
a Sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传
染的)disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be
37
if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed
medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.
38
, the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in
Anchorage.
How could the medicine get to Nome? The town`s
39
was already full of ice, so it couldn’t come by ship. Cars
and horses couldn’t travel on the
40
roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn’t exist yet.
41
January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twemty more were
42
. Nome`s town officials came
up with a(n)
43
. They would have the medicine sent by
44
from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogeled(狗拉
雪橇) drivers—known as “mushers”—would
45
it to Nome in a relay(接力).
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode
all night.
46
he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon`s face was black from the extreme cold.
On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to
47
a frozen body of water called Norton Sound .It was the most
48
part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning.If that
happened,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would
49
,and so would the sick children of
Nome.But
Seppala made it across.
A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. Amusher
named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point,huge piles of
sonw blocked his 50
.He had to leave the trail ( 雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was
impossible for him to
51
the trail again. The only hope was Balto,Kaasen’s lead dog, Balto put his nose to the ground, 52
to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed,it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes
passed by.Suddenly, Balto began to
53
.He had found the trail.
At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog
54
in Nome. Within minutes,Dr.Welch had the medicine. He
quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recovered.
Nome had been
55
.
36.A.examined
B.warned
C.interviewed
D.cured
37.A.harmless
B.helpless
C. fearless
D.careless
38.A.Moreover
B.Therefore
C.Otherwise
D.However
39.A.airport
B.station
C. harbor
D.border
40.A.narrow
B. snowy
C.busy
D.dirty
41.A.From
B.On
C.By
D.After
42.A.tired
B.upset
C. pale
D.sick
43.A.plan
B.excuse
C.message
D.topic
44.A.air
B.rail
C. sea
D.road
45.A.carry
B.return
C. mail
D.give
46.A.Though
B.Since
C. When
D.If
47.A.enter
B.move
C. visit
D.cross
48.A.shameful
B.boring
C.dangerous
D.foolish
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第47页，总92页
49.A.escape
B.bleed
C. swim
D.die
50.A.memory
B.exit
C.way
D.destination
51.A.find
B.fix
C. pass
D.change
52.A.pretending
B.trying
C. asking
D.learning
53.A.run
B.leave
C. bite
D.play
54.A.gathered
B.stayed
C. camped
D.arrived
55.A.controlled
B.saved
C.founded
D.developed
【答案】
36.A37.B38.D39.C40.B41.C42.D43.A44.B45.A46.C47.D48.C49.D50.C51.A52.B53.A54.D55.B
【解析】
试题分析：文章讲述了一个人们接力运送药物来救患病儿童的感人故事。1925 年1 月份的阿拉斯加北部极其寒冷，
由于大雪，诺姆小镇与外界隔绝了。雪上加霜的是，那里的孩子患上了一种致命的传染病--白喉。为了拯救孩子们，
人们接力运送药品到诺姆。最终，人们通过狗拉的雪橇把药物送到了诺姆。
36. A 考查动词辨析。A.examined 检查；B.warned 警告；C.interviewed 采访，面试；D.cured 治愈。医生检查了
一个生病的孩子，知道他患上了白喉，故选A。
37. B 考查形容词辨析。A.harmless 无害的；B.helpless 无望的；C. fearless 不怕的；D.careless 粗心的。如果白喉
肆虐诺姆，那里的孩子们都将面临死亡，故选B。
38. D 考查副词辨析。A.Moreover 而且；B.Therefore 因此；C.Otherwise 否则；D.However 然而。然而，最近的
药品供应站距离诺姆一千多里，前后是转折关系，故选D。
39. C 考查名词辨析。A.airport 机场；B.station 车站；C. harbor 港口；D.border 边境。根据“so it couldn’t come by
ship”可知，这里指港口结冰，故选C。
40. B 考查形容词辨析。A.narrow 狭窄的；B. snowy 被雪覆盖的；C.busy 繁忙的；D.dirty 脏的。根据第一段可
知，大雪覆盖了道路，汽车和马都不能通行，故选B。
41. C 考查介词辨析。A.From 从，自；B.On 在......上面；C.By 通过，在......之前；D.After 在......之后。by+时间，
与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间，用将来完成时，故选C。
42. D 考查形容词辨析。A.tired 劳累的；B.upset 难过的；C. pale 苍白的；D.sick 生病的。四个孩子相继去世，
还有20 几个患病，故选D。
43. A 考查名词辨析。A.plan 计划；B.excuse 借口；C.message 信息；D.topic 话题。当地的官员想到了一个计划，
故选A。
44. B 考查名词辨析。A.air 空气；B.rail 栏杆，铁轨；C. sea 海洋；D.road 道路。根据下一段“from the train at Nenana”
可知，药物被用火车运到Nenana，故选B。
45. A 考查动词辨析。A.carry 运送，携带；B.return 返回，归还；C. mail 邮寄；D.give 给。然后再由乘坐狗拉的
雪橇的人把药物接力送到诺姆，故选A。
46. C 考查时间状语从句。A.Though 虽然；B.Since 因为，自从；C. When 当；D.If 如果。当他把药物交给下一
个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选C。
47. D 考查动词辨析。A.enter 进入；B.move 移动；C. visit 拜访；D.cross 穿过。根据“Norton Sound was covered with
ice”可知，Norton Sound 是一片冰冻的水域，Seppala 必须穿过这片水域，故选D。
48. C 考查形容词辨析。A.shameful 惭愧的；B.boring 令人厌烦的；C.dangerous 危险的；D.foolish 愚蠢的。根据
“which could sometimes break up without warning”可知，这是旅途最难的一部分，故选C。
49. D 考查动词辨析。A.escape 逃跑；B.bleed 流血；C. swim 游泳；D.die 死亡。如果掉进寒冷的水中，Seppala
会被冻死，诺姆的病童们也会去世，故选D。
50. C 考查名词辨析。A.memory 记忆；B.exit 出口；C.way 道路；D.destination 目的地。根据下一句可知，有的
地方被大雪挡住了去路，Seppala 不得不绕道行驶，故选C。
51. A 考查动词辨析。A.find 找到；B.fix 固定，安装；C. pass 通过；D.change 改变。当时的天气状况极差，Seppala
找到雪橇轨道是不可能的，只能靠他的狗，故选A。
52. B 考查动词辨析。A.pretending 假装；B.trying 努力；C. asking 问，要求；D.learning 学会。Seppala 的雪橇狗
努力嗅着其它狗的味道，故选B。
53. A 考查动词辨析。A.run 跑；B.leave 离开；C. bite 咬；D.play 玩耍。Seppala 的雪橇狗找到了轨道，开始奔
跑起来，故选A。
54. D 考查动词辨析。A.gathered 聚集；B.stayed 保持；C. camped 露营，借住；D.arrived 到达。arrive in sp 到达
某地，这里指终于到达诺姆，故选D。
55. B 考查动词辨析。A.controlled 控制；B.saved 拯救；C.founded 建立；D.developed 发展。所有的孩子得到了
救治，诺姆活了下来，故选B。
考点：人物故事类短文阅读
9. 【2016·天津】完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35 各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第48页，总92页
The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful.
Cathy suffered some terrible 16
in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment, she
17
became healthy.
Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer.
Last summer, she wanted to
18
out local swim team. She practiced hard and finally
19
it. The team practice,
20
was a rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly
21
her first few weeks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one
night, I decided to
22
her from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit
23
to go! I
told her she shouldn’t swim after a whole night’s coughing, but she refused to
24
and insisted she go .
From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn’t
25
a single practice. She had a
26
intention within herself to
be the best she could be. My ten—year—old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this 27
human being
with a passion and a mission. There were moments of
28
of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race. It
was difficult for Cathy to accept that she wasn’t a
29
---ever. But that didn’t stop her from trying.
Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to
30
her friends and praise their accomplishments. As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach
31
, “The highest honor goes to Cathy!” Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her
32
and
enthusiasm.
33
skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.”
It was the greatest
34
of my daughter’s life. With all she had been
35
in her ten years, this was the hour of true
triumph(成功).
16. A. failure
B. pressure
C. loss
D. illness
17. A. usually
B. finally
C. firstly
D. frequently
18. A. improve
B. train
C. join
D. contact
19. A. increased
B. found
C. created
D. made
20. A. however
B. therefore
C. otherwise
D. instead
21. A. use
B. survive
C. save
D. waste
22. A. pull
B. tell
C. hide
D. fire
23. A. afraid
B. nervous
C. ready
D. free
24. A. take off
B. set off
C. give up
D. show up
25. A. attend
B. miss
C. ban
D. Start
26. A. rich
B. weak
C. firm
D. kind
27. A. trusted
B. determined
C. experienced
D. embarrassed
28. A. frustration
B. delight
C. excitement
D. surprise
29. A. beginner
B. learner
C. partner
D. winner
30. A. cheer on
B. compete with
C. respond to
D. run after
31. A. admitting
B. explaining
C. announcing
D. whispering
32. A. humor
B. will
C. honesty
D. wisdom
33. A. Although
B. Since
C. Once
D. Because
34. A. discovery
B. choice
C. influence
D. moment
35. A. through
B. under
C. across
D. around
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己十岁的女儿在童年遭受病痛之苦，在接受治疗之后好转。之后决心做
一个游泳选手，虽然身体不适，还是坚持训练，虽然经常是比赛后的最后一名，但是一直不放弃。最后教练的一番
话给予Cathy 最大的奖励和肯定。
16.【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：根据下文的treatment，可知，Cathy 在童年的时候，得了可怕的疾病。A.失败；B.压力；C.损失；D.疾病。
故选D。
考点：考查名词辨析。
17.【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：根据上文After years of regular treatment，可知，她最后健康了。A.通常；B.最后；C.首先；D.经常。故
选B。
考点：考查副词辨析。
18.【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：根据上文a dream came into her sweet little head，可知，她想参加我们当地的游泳队。A.提高；B.训练；
C.参加；D.联系。故选C。
考点：考查动词辨析。
19.【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：根据上文She practiced hard，可知，她最后做到了。A.增加；B.发现；C.创造；D.使得。make it 做到，成
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第49页，总92页
功。故选D。
考点：考查动词辨析和固定搭配。
20.【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：根据下文was a tough start，可知，然而，游泳队的训练是个艰难的开始。A.然而；B.因此；C.否则；D.
代替。故选A。
考点：考查副词辨析。
21.【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：根据上文she coughed and choked，可知，她咳嗽，窒息，在前几个星期几乎不能生存。A.使用；B. 生
存；C. 拯救；节约；D.浪费。故选B。
考点：考查动词辨析。
22.【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：根据Hearing her coughing bitterly one night，可知，我决定将她拉开。A.拉；B.告诉，辨别；C.躲藏；D.
解雇。故选A。
考点：考查动词辨析。
23.【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：根据wearing her swimsuit，可知，她穿着游泳衣准备走。A.害怕的；B.紧张的；C.准备好的；D.免费的，
自由的。故选C。
考点：考查形容词辨析。
24.【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：根据I told her she shouldn’t swim after a whole night’s coughing，可知，她拒绝放弃，坚持要走。A.脱下，
起飞；开始流行；B.启程，引发；C.放弃；D.出现。故选C。
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
25.【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：根据keep swimming 可知，Cathy 一直在训练，没有错过一次训练。A.参加；B.错过；C. 禁止；D. 开始。
故选B。
考点：考查动词辨析。
26.【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：根据上文：Cathy 一直在训练，没有错过一次训练，可知，她的内心有坚定的意志。A.富有的；B.虚弱的；
C.坚定的；D. 好心的。故选C。
考点：考查形容词辨析。
27.【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：根据下文with a passion and a mission，可知，我十岁的女儿成长为一个有决心的人。A.信任的；B.有决
心的；C.有经验的；D. 尴尬的。故选B。
考点：考查形容词辨析。
28.【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：根据下文often she would be the last swimmer in the race 可知，也有挫败的时候。A.沮丧，挫败；B.高兴；
C.兴奋；D.惊讶。故选A。
考点：考查名词辨析。
29.【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：根据上文the last swimmer，可知，要Cathy 接受她不是获胜者很难。A.初学者；B.学习者；C.伙伴；D.
获胜者。故选D。
考点：考查名词辨析。
30.【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：根据下文praise their accomplishments 可知，Cathy 在那里为队友加油鼓劲。A. 向……欢呼，为……鼓劲
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第50页，总92页
加油；B.和……竞争；C.回答；D.追赶。故选A。
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
31.【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：根据下文总教练说的话，可知，这里是总教练宣布的事情。A.承认；B.解释；C.宣布；D.低语，耳语。故
选C。
考点：考查动词辨析。
32.【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：根据enthusiasm 可知，教练说：是Cathy 用她的意志力和热情激励了我们。A.幽默；B.意愿，意志力；C.
诚实；D.智慧。故选B。
考点：考查名词辨析。
33.【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：根据下文the most valuable asset…可知，虽然技巧和才能带来巨大成功，但是一个人能拥有的最珍贵的
财富是心。A.虽然；B.自从；C.一旦；D.因为。故选A。
考点：考查连词辨析。
34.【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：根据上一段内容可知，教练说这番话的时候是我女儿生活中最好的时刻。A.发现；B.选择；C.影响；D.
时刻。故选D。
考点：考查名词辨析。
35.【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：根据句意：由于这十年她经历的时间，这是真正成功的时候。A.通过（内部），经历；B.在……下面；C.
穿过（表面）；D.在……周围。故选A。
考点：考查介词辨析。
【名师点睛】这篇文章是记叙文，难度适中，这类文章首先要通读抓住故事发生的情节和作者想传达的中心思想。
围绕主旨解答更有把握。故事内容体现了Cathy 的坚持不懈的毅力和执着的精神。学生要抓住这个主题，而且这个
主题贯穿整个文章。这个文章一个明显的特点是上下文之间的联系非常紧密。做题时要牢记上下文的关联对解题会
很有帮助。
做题时要结合完形填空的特点，完形填空题有的考查词语同现、词语复现，有的则是要运用逻辑推理能力，领会和
掌握解题策略对提高完形填空的解题速度和准确率大有裨益。
1. 上下文串联和语境暗示。
这篇完型填空里面出现词语同现的很少，但是词语复现不少，就是指某一个词以原词、同根词、同义词、反义词等
方式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接。像这篇完型的16 题，下文明显出现了
treatment，还有26 题和27 题，这两题关联很大，是相辅相成的。29 题是和上文的last winner 信息词对应的，都是
属于这种类型。
2. 逻辑推理。
逻辑推理是通过对句子间和上下文之间逻辑关系的理解从而推断出正确答案。其中逻辑关系主要包括因果关系、转
折关系、对比关系、并列关系等。逻辑推理题需要考生对上下文的理解全面把握，难度较大，考生不能将句子独立
开，要注意一个句群，一个段落的整体理解。这篇文章逻辑推理的题较多。如17 题，这里表示时间的顺乘；20 题
主要是上下文的逻辑关系，特别是出现了tough 和上文是转折关系；还有33 题，抓住关键词skills and talents 和heart，
可知这里也是转折关系。
10. 【2016·江苏】完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1 分，满分20 分）
请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Years ago, a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever. I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation
Incorporation for breakfast. While we were ___36
,Kurt asked me, “ John, what is your
37
for personal growth?
Never at a loss for words, I tried to find things in my life that might
38
for growth. I told him about the many
activities in which I was
39
. And I went into a
40
about how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I must have
talked for ten minutes. Kurt
41
patiently, but then he
42
smiled and said, “You don’t have a personal plan for
growth, do you?”
“No, I
43
.
“You know,” Kurt said simply, “growth is not a(n)
44
process.”
And that’s when it
45
me. I wasn’t doing anything
46
to make myself better. And at that moment, I made
the
47
: I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my
48
.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第51页，总92页
That night, I talked to my wife about my
49
with Kurt and what I had learned. I
50 her the workbook and
tapes Kurt was selling. We
51
that Kurt wasn’t just trying to make a sale. He was offering a
52
for us to change
our lives and achieve our dreams.
Several important things happened that day. First, we decided to
53
the resources. But more importantly, we
made a commitment to
54
together as a couple. From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and
sacrificed together. It was a
55
decision. While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together.
36. A. working
B. preparing
C. thinking
D. eating
37. A. suggestion
B. demand
C. plan
D. request
38. A. appeal
B. look
C. call
D. qualify
39. A. involved
B. trapped
C. lost
D. bathed
40. A. lecture
B. speech
C. discussion
D. debate
41. A. calculated
B. listened
C. drank
D. explained
42. A. eagerly
B. gradually
C. gratefully
D. finally
43. A. admitted
B. interrupted
C. apologized
D. complained
44. A. automatic
B. slow
C. independent
D. changing
45. A. confused
B. informed
C. pleased
D. hit
46. A. on loan
B. on purpose
C. on sale
D. on balance
47. A. comment
B. announcement
C. decision
D. arrangement
48. A. life
B. progress
C. performance
D. investment
49. A. contract
B. conversation
C. negotiation
D. argument
50. A. lent
B. sold
C. showed
D. offered
51. A. recalled
B. defined
C. recognized
D. declared
52. A. tool
B. method
C. way
D. rule
53. A. provide
B. buy
C. give
D. deliver
54. A. grow
B. survive
C. move
D. gather
55. A. difficult
B. random
C. firm
D. wise
【答案】36-40.DCDA B
41-45.BDAAD
46-50.BCABC
51-55. CCBAD
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于记叙文，如果我们要成功，就需要有详细的个人成长计划，在Kurt 的影响之下，我和妻子在一
起成长，取得了很好的个人成就。
36.D 考查上下文串联。根据36 空前“for breakfast”，可知我在吃早饭的时候遇见了Kurt，当我们正在吃饭的时候，
他问我对个人成长有什么样的计划。故D 项符合上下文串联。
37.C 考查上下文串联。根据42 空后“You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?对于个人成长你并没有计划，
是吧？”可知Kurt 在问我个人成长计划是什么。故C 项正确。
38.D 考查动词短语辨析。动词appeal 呼吁，吸引（通常与to 连用）；look for 寻找；call for 需要，需要；qualify for
有资格，能胜任；当Kurt 提出这个问题的时候，我努力找出一些个人生活中与成长有关的事情。与ABC 三项的语义
不搭配。故D 正确。
39.A 考查形容词短语。本句是定语从句，介词in 提前至关系代词which 之前。形容词短语be involved in 参与...；卷
入...；be trapped in 被困在...中；be lost in 沉浸于...；be bathed in 被... 笼罩;我告诉他很多我所参加的活动。根据句
意可知A 正确。
40.B 考查名词辨析。名词lecture 讲课，训话；speech 演说，演讲；discussion 讨论；debate 辩论；争论；我在发表
关于自己如何努力工作并取得了很大的成就的演讲。与讨论、争论及讲课无关。故B 正确。
41.B 考查上下文串联。动词calculate 计算，估算；listen 听；drink 喝；explain 解释；我讲了十几分钟自己的个人努
力及成就，Kurt 在耐心的听我说。故B 正确。
42.D 考查副词辨析。副词eagerly 急切地；gradually 逐渐地；gratefully 感激地；finally 最后，终于；耐心地听我讲
了很长时间，最后他笑着对我说：对于个人成长你并没有计划，是吧？故D 正确。
43.A 考查动词辨析。动词admit 承认；interrupt 打断；apologize 道歉；complain 抱怨；“Kurt 笑着对我说：对于个
人成长你并没有计划，是吧？”这是一个否定的反义疑问句，在回答的时候“no”翻译为“是的”。说明我承认自己并没
有个人成长计划。故A 项正确。
44.A 考查形容词辨析。形容词automatic 自动的；slow 缓慢的；independent 独立的；changing 不断变化的；Kurt
告诉我成长并不是一个自动的过程，一定要有计划性，有计划的个人成长才是有效的成长。从那以后我意识到自己
在这方面的缺乏并作出改变。BCD 三项与语义不搭配。
45.D 考查动词辨析。动词confuse 使...困惑；inform 通知；please 使...高兴；取悦；hit 击中；打动；触动；Kurt 的
话触动了我，我的确没有有意识地做一些事情让自己变得更好。故D 项正确。
46.B 考查介词辨析。介词on loan 暂借，出借的；on purpose 故意地；on sale 降价出售；on balance 总之；他的话
让我意识到自己的确没有有意地做一些让自己更好的事情。故B 项正确。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第52页，总92页
47.C 考查上下文串联。根据文章55 空It was a
55
decision.可知我做出了一个决定：要为我的生活做一个个人
的成长计划。故C 项正确。
48.A 考查上下文串联。名词life 生活；progress 进步；performance 表现；investment 投资；根据what is your
37
for
personal growth?可知这个计划是为个人成长计划，是与个人生活有关的计划。BCD 三项都属于A 项的范围。故A 正
确。
49.B 考查上下文串联。名词contract 合同，契约；conversation 对话；negotiation 谈判；协商；argument 争论；根
据文章前两段可知我和Kurt 在吃早饭的时候，进行了一次关于个人成长计划的谈话。故B 正确。
50.C 考查动词辨析。动词lend 借入；sell 出售；show 展示；offer 提供；我向妻子展示了Kurt 正在出售的书和磁带。
我们意识到他并不是想向我们兜售自己的书，而是给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法。故ABD 三项语义不搭
配。故C 正确。
51.C 考查动词辨析。动词recall 回忆；define 定义；recognize 意识到；认出；declare 宣布；我们意识到他并不是想
向我们兜售自己的书，而是给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法。根据句意可知C 项正确。
52.C 考查名词辨析。名词tool 工具；method 方法（通常和介词with 连用）；way 方法；rule 规则；Kurt 给了我们一
个改变生活和实现梦想的方法。B 项的介词搭配错误。故C 正确。
53. B 考查上下文串联。根据文章前一段可知我们意识到他并不是想向我们兜售自己的书，而是给了我们一个改变
生活和实现梦想的方法。说明我们认可了他的观点，所以我们购买了他的书和磁带等资源。故B 正确。
54. A 考查上下文串联。根据上文可知Kurt 和我谈论的是个人成长的话题，我和妻子在他的影响下承诺共同成长，
一起进步。故A 正确。
55. D 考查上下文串联。根据后句：While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together.可知我和妻子一起成
长。说明他的资源对我们有很好的作用，我们做出的是一个明智的决定。故D 项正确。
模拟新题精选
1. 【福建省百所重点校2018 届高三年上学期联合考试】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个
选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The last thing Kim Powell-Woods wanted for her birthday was a newspaper story. But her day on Wednesday was just
too unusual to___21___. Instead of a traditional____22____with gifts and a birthday cake, the Limestone woman
wanted___23___. She planned that for her 35th birthday, she would do 35 acts of random kindness for___24___. “I
thought of it a couple of weeks ago, and I sat down one afternoon and____25____making a list of things I could do,” she
said. She added that her job, as a 911___26___, put her in touch with people who were having very bad days. She wanted
a day when she might help people have a(n)___27___day. “And, as a single mother of two, I know a lot about what it’s like
to be in all kinds of___28___. So, I wanted to give people a little boost,” she explained.
She started at 5 am. At a____29____station, she helped a woman» who was trying to___30___ some household
things. She needed money to buy gas to get to work in Momence. Kim ___31___ that gas. Kim made some sandwiches the
night before and packed lunches for other ___32___strangers. She gave them away at the bus stop at noon. She
remembered what it was like to____33____the bus and have no plan for___34___.
The only____35____she hit was a laundry attendant who____36____to make change for her. While Kim may have
___37___smiles to 35 faces, at least one woman wanted none of Kim’s____38____of goodwill. “I’ll probably do this again,
and I’ll wait for a(n)___39___one, like my 40th birthday,” she said. And she might get her____40____at a bank.
21. A. remember
B. follow
C. ignore
D. record
22. A. custom
B. culture
C. choice
D. celebration
23. A. wonders
B. smiles
C. wealth
D. fate
24. A. strangers
B. friends
C. families
D. colleagues
25. A. quitted
B. forgot
C. started
D. regretted
26. A. victim
B. operator
C. patient
D. witness
27. A. shocking
B. energetic
C. ordinary
D. brilliant
28. A. stories
B. kindness
C. difficulties
D. experiences
29. A. gas
B. bus
C. railway
D. underground
30. A. save
B. sell
C. borrow
D. repair
31. A. paid for
B. took away
C. wasted
D. passed
32. A. impolite
B. annoyed
C. careless
D. surprised
33. A. ride
B. drive
C. push
D. wash
34. A. future
B. lunch
C. life
D. work
35. A. success
B. enemy
C. barrier
D. opportunity
36. A. hoped
B. managed
C. demanded
D. refused
37. A. brought
B. drew
C. lent
D. broadcast
38. A. plans
B. achievements
C. actions
D. attention
39. A. easy
B. significant
C. full
D. favorite
40. A. fees
B. applications
C. encouragement
D. change
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第53页，总92页
【答案】21. C
22. D
23. B
24. A
25. C
26. B
27. D
28. C
29. A
30. B
31. A
32.
D
33. A
34. D
35. C
36. D
37. A
38. C
39. B
40. D
【解析】本文主要讲了一位女士在自己35 岁生日时通过帮助别人，收获笑脸来庆祝生日，并且她希望在未来的某
个重要时刻，继续这样做善举。
21. C 考查动词。由But her day on Wednesday was just too unusual 可知她这一天真的很不寻常，不能忽视。remember
记得，follow 跟随，ignore 忽视，record 记录。
22. D 考查名词。由with gifts and a birthday cake 可知她要过生日了，按照传统是要用礼物和蛋糕来庆祝的。custom
习惯，culture 文化，choice 选择，celebration 庆祝。
23. B 考查名词。根据下文她帮助别人的事实以及下文The woman smiled at her 可知在生日这一天，她想要别人的笑
脸作为生日礼物。wonders 奇观，smiles 微笑，wealth 财富，fate 命运。
24. A 考查名词。根据下文可知她帮助的那些人都是素不相识的陌生人。strangers 陌生人，friends 朋友，families
家庭，colleagues 同事。
25. C 考查动词。由I thought of it a couple of weeks ago, and I sat down one afternoon 可知几周前她就开始思考这件事，
有一天下午坐下来开始把自己能做的事情列出来。quitted 停止，forgot 忘记，started 开始，regretted 后悔。
26. B 考查名词。由put her in touch with people who were having very bad days. 可知让她常常与那些遭遇不幸的人有
联系，可以推断出她的职业应该是911 的接线员。victim 受害人，operator 接线员，patient 病人，witness 目击者。
27. D 考查形容词。由So, I wanted to give people a little boost 可知她想帮助他们开心地过一天。Shocking 令人震惊的，
energetic 精力充沛的，ordinary 普通的，brilliant 灿烂的。
28. C 考查名词。由So, I wanted to give people a little boost, 可知我知道生活中有各种各样的困难。stories 故事，
kindness 仁慈，difficulties 困难，experiences 经历。
29. A 考查名词。由She needed money to buy gas to get to work in Momence.可知当天早上她来到加气站。有一位女
士因为没有钱，想要卖掉家里的一些东西来加气。gas 气，bus 公共汽车，railway 铁路，underground 地铁。
30. B 考查动词。由She needed money to buy gas to get to work in Momence. 可知有一位女士因为没有钱，想要卖掉
家里的一些东西来加气。save 节省，sell 卖掉，borrow 借来，repair 修理。
31. A 考查动词短语。她为那位女士加的气付了钱。paid for 为……付出代价，took away
拿走，wasted 浪费，
passed 通过。
32. D 考查形容词。根据常识可知，忽然有陌生人给自己分发三明治，那么这些人一定会感觉很吃惊。impolite 无
礼的，annoyed 恼怒的，careless 粗心的，surprised 吃惊的。
33. A 考查动词。因为她知道坐在汽车上午饭没有着落的感觉。ride 乘坐，drive 驾驶，push 推动，wash 洗刷。
34. B 考查名词。由and packed lunches for other ___12___ strangers 可知因为她知道坐在汽车上午饭没有着落的感觉。
future 未来，lunch 午饭，life 生活，work 工作。
35. C 考查名词。由a laundry attendant who ___16___to make change for her.可知这是她偶然遇到的唯一一个障碍。
success 成功，enemy 敌人，barrier 障碍，opportunity 机会。
36. D 考查动词。由The only ___15___ she hit 可知洗衣店的服务员拒绝为她换零钱。hoped
希望，managed 设
法完成，demanded 要求，refused 拒绝。
37. A 考查动词。虽然Kim 可能给35 张脸带来笑容。brought 带来，drew 描绘，lent
借给，broadcast 播放。
38. C 考查名词。但是至少有一个妇女不愿意接受Kim 善意的行为。plans 计划，achievements
成就，actions 行
动，attention 注意力。
39. B 考查形容词。由like my 40th birthday 可知我在等一个有意义的时刻。easy 容易的，significant 有意义的，full
充满的，favorite 最喜爱的。
40. D 考查名词。由at a bank.可知她可能会把她的零钱放在银行。fees 小费，applications
应用，encouragement
鼓励，change 零钱。
【名师点睛】
完形填空题的命题特点及答题方法：
1.侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力
完形填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结
构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。
2.上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
解完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，
即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉
关键词。例如：小题10，考查动词。由She needed money to buy gas to get to work in Momence. 可知有一位女士因
为没有钱，想要卖掉家里的一些东西来加气。save 节省，sell 卖掉，borrow 借来，repair 修理。
3.设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力
旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。
4.结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力
目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。例如：小
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第54页，总92页
题6，考查名词。由put her in touch with people who were having very bad days. 可知让她常常与那些遭遇不幸的人有
联系，可以推断出她的职业应该是911 的接线员。victim 受害人，operator 接线员，patient 病人，witness 目击者。
5.关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况想，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否
掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。
2. 【浙江省温州市高三第二次模拟】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填
入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My parents moved to Vermont when I was still a baby. A soft-spoken man, my father ___36___ quietly into his medical
practice. Soon the local people ___37___ my father, greeting him as “Doc Eppley”. And I was known as “Doctor Eppley’s
son”, which I was happy about.
___38___, something changed when I was sixteen. The neighbors ___39___ called me “Doctor Eppley’s son.” I began
to hate being followed by my father’s good name. I wondered how I would ever ___40___ my friends, but I managed to
___41___ my last years of high school. I wanted to be myself so I went to college far away, where ___42___ called me
“Doctor Eppley’s son.”
One night at college I talked with my roommates about what we hated ___43___ in high schools. I said, “I couldn’t
___44___ growing up in a town where everybody always compared me ___45___ my father.” The boy next to me said, “I’d
be proud to have a father who’s so well respected.” There was a(n) ___46___ silence, and then I changed the subject.
I returned home for winter ___47___ the first year. I took my father’s car out for a ___48___. Unfortunately, I hit a car
in front ___49___ I knew it. The woman in the car jumped out, screaming, “You idiot! Why didn’t you look ___50___ you
were going?” I sat there like a ___51___ child. “Can you pay for this? Who are you?” she kept asking. I ___52___ and,
without thinking, shouted, “I’m Doctor Eppley’s son.” I felt ___53___. I couldn’t believe what I had just said. Almost
___54___, the woman’s frown(皱眉) became a smile of ___55___. “I’m sorry” she said, “I didn’t realize who you were.”
36. A. broke
B. settled
C. fell
D. changed
37. A. accepted
B. employed
C. called
D. requested
38. A. Therefore
B. Instead
C. Besides
D. However
39. A. also
B. again
C. still
D. even
40. A. take care of
B. fit in with
C. break away from
D. speak up for
41. A. save
B. waste
C. value
D. survive
42. A. nobody
B. everybody
C. anybody
D. somebody
43. A. least
B. most
C. less
D. more
44. A. hate
B. stop
C. risk
D. stand
45. A. by
B. as
C. with
D. beyond
46. A. good
B. awkward
C. shallow
D. similar
47. A. weather
B. day
C. break
D. season
48. A. drive
B. lift
C. check
D. run
49. A. after
B. before
C. until
D. while
50. A. when
B. why
C. how
D. where
51. A. naughty
B. sick
C. lovely
D. guilty
52. A. panicked
B. admitted
C. escaped
D. understood
53. A. excited
B. amused
C. astonished
D. satisfied
54. A. certainly
B. immediately
C. impossibly
D. completely
55. A. confusion
B. satisfaction
C. recognition
D. sympathy
【答案】36. B
37. A
38. D
39. C
40. B
41. D
42. A
43. B
44. D
45. C
46. B
47. C
48. A
49. B
50. D
51. D
52. A
53. C
54. B
55. C
【解析】本文主要讲了作者的父亲是一个城镇上有名的一位医生，作者从小就被称之为“Eppley 医生的儿子”，作者
也很喜欢这个称呼。但是随着年龄的增长，作者不想再顶着父亲的光环生活，于是作者去远离家的地方读大学。后
来偶然发生的一件事情，让作者意识到原来顶着父亲的光环生活，也是一件非常值得骄傲的事情。
36. B 考查固定短语。由Soon the local people ___2___ my father, greeting him as “Doc Eppley”. 可知我的父亲平稳地
适应了那里的医学实践。settle into 适应，是固定短语。
37. A 考查动词。由greeting him as “Doc Eppley”. 可知很快当地人接受了我的父亲。accepted
接受，employed 雇
佣，called 称呼，requested 要求。
38. D 考查连词。之前，人们称我为Eppley 医生的儿子，我很高兴，但是，我十六岁时，事情发生了改变。Therefore
因此，Instead 代替，Besides 此外，However 然而。
39. C 考查副词。由I began to hate being followed by my father’s good name.可知邻居们仍然称我为Eppley 医生的儿
子。also 也，again 再次，still 仍然，even 甚至。
40. B 考查动词短语。我想知道我怎样才能适应我的朋友们。take care of 照顾，fit in with
适应，break away from
脱离，speak up for 为……辩护。
41. D 考查动词。但是我设法在中学的最后几年幸免。save 节省，waste 浪费，value 重视，survive 幸免。
42. A 考查代词。由I wanted to be myself so I went to college far away, 可知在那里没人叫我“Eppley 医生的儿子”。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第55页，总92页
nobody 没有人，everybody 每个人，anybody 任何人，somebody 某人。
43. B 考查语义理解。由I said, “I couldn’t ___9___ growing up in a town where everybody always compared me
___10___ my father.”可知一天晚上，在大学的寝室里，我和我的舍友们谈论在高中里最讨厌的事情是什么。least 最
少，most 最多，less 较少，more 较多。
44. D 考查动词。由The boy next to me said, “I’d be proud to have a father who’s so well respected.”可知我无法忍受在那
样一个城市长大，在那里，每个人总是要把我和我的父亲作比较。hate 讨厌，stop 停止，risk 冒险，stand 忍受。
45. C 考查固定短语。我无法忍受在那样一个城市长大，在那里，每个人总是要把我和我的父亲作比较。compare with
与……相比较，是固定短语。
46. B 考查形容词。由and then I changed the subject.可知现场变成了尴尬的寂静。good 好的，awkward 尴尬的，
shallow 浅的，similar 相似的。
47. C 考查名词。在第一年的寒假，我回家了。weather 天气，day 一天，break 间歇，season 季节。
48. A 考查名词。由Unfortunately, I hit a car in front ___14___ I knew it.可知我驾驶我父亲的汽车外出。drive 驾车，lift
电梯，check 核实，run 奔跑。
49. B 考查连词。我在意识到之前，撞上了前面的一辆汽车。after 在……之后，before 在……之前，until 直到，while
然而。
50. D 考查语义理解。为什么你不看看自己开到了哪里。when 当……时，why 为什么，how
怎样，where 哪里。
51. D 考查形容词。由I hit a car in front ___14___ I knew it. The woman in the car jumped out, screaming, “You idiot!
Why didn’t you look ___15___ you were going?”可知我坐在那里像一个有罪的孩子一样。naughty 淘气的，sick 生病
的，lovely 可爱的，guilty 有罪的。
52. A 考查动词。由“Can you pay for this? Who are you?” she kept asking. 可知这位女士让作者赔钱，所以作者非常的
恐慌。panicked 恐慌，admitted 承认，escaped 逃跑，understood 明白。
53. C 考查形容词。由I couldn’t believe what I had just said. 可知作者非常吃惊。excited 兴奋的，amused 愉快的，
astonished 吃惊的，satisfied 满意的。
54. B 考查副词。几乎立即，这位女士皱起的眉头变成了一个赞誉的微笑。certainly 当然，immediately 立即，
impossibly 不可能地，completely，完全地。
55. C 考查名词。几乎立即，这位女士皱起的眉头变成了一个赞誉的微笑。confusion 混乱，satisfaction 满意，recognition
赞誉，sympathy 同情。
3. 【广东省化州市2018 届高三上学期第二次高考模拟】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C
和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Not all love is said out loud. It wasn5t until I went to high school that I ___21___ this.
In my memories, it was Mom who held the family together. Dad was harsh and ___22___. Every evening, coming back
home from work, he would ___23___me for what I’d done wrong during the day.
When I broke my leg after I___24___ a swing, it was Mom who ___25___ held me in her arms all the way to the
hospital. In dead ___26___, Dad pulled a gurney (医院的轮床) right up to the door of the emergency room and when asked
to move it away, he jumped and___27___: “I need this gurney. Don’t you think it’s urgent?” His voice did frighten me.
Recently, as I was___28___my family’s photo album with some friends, one of them asked, “What does your father
look like?” At that moment, it___29___me that few pictures of my dad could be found. He was always the
one___30___pictures for us. This ___31___why nearly all of the photos in the album were of my Mom and me.
Familiar scenes ran through my head. At my birthday parties, he just ___32___ himself blowing up balloons, setting up
tables and trying to make everything ___33___. It was Mom who carried the cake with candles on it for me to ___34___.
Dad was sitting in the comer, tired and___35___.
Studying in high school now, I only go home about once a month. On my___36___, Dad remains silent___37___, but
Mom always tells me that it was Dad who drove to other towns to buy fresh seafood and vegetables, saying that it was
___38___ as long as I could enjoy the dishes he’d ___39___.
Perhaps Dad just doesn’t know how to ___40___ love. Or, I don’t know how to recognize it.
21. A. realized
B. refused
C. remembered
D. controlled
22. A. kind
B. cold
C. flexible
D. stubborn
23. A. ask
B. appreciate
C. charge
D. scold
24. A. fell off
B. fixed upon
C. moved into
D. put on
25. A. excitedly
B. gently
C. unwillingly
D. strangely
26. A. position
B. responsibility
C. silence
D. atmosphere
27. A. doubted
B. added
C. whispered
D. shouted
28. A. looking through
B. looking up
C. looking down upon
D. looking into
29. A. resulted in
B. contributed to
C. occurred to
D. headed for
30. A. collecting
B. changing
C. taking
D. drawing
31. A. explained
B. admitted
C. confirmed
D. predicted
32. A. lost
B. enjoyed
C. busied
D. adapted
33. A. faulty
B. tidy
C. colorful
D. perfect
34. A. come out
B. put out
C. blow out
D. break out
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第56页，总92页
35. A. sleepy
B. ill
C. unsatisfied
D. hungry
36. A. visits
B. ways
C. studies
D. journeys
37. A. or so
B. for sure
C. in doubt
D. as usual
38. A. useful
B. worthwhile
C. understandable
D. necessary
39. A. enjoyed
B. bought
C. prepared
D. consumed
40. A. adopt
B. express
C. say
D. represent
【答案】21. A
22. B
23. D
24. A
25. B
26. C
27. D
28. A
29. C
30. C
31. A
32. C
33. D
34. C
35. A
36. A
37. D
38. B
39. C
40. B
【解析】试题分析：并不是所有的爱都是大声说出来的。作者讲述了爸爸对自己深沉的爱。作者的爸爸是严厉也不
热情，并且不善言谈。但是爸爸会在作者受伤时紧张，为他找来轮车，会在作者生日宴会上做许多事情帮助准备，
会在作者回家时给他买来新鲜的海鲜和蔬菜。
21. 考查动词辨析。A. realized 意识到；B. refused 拒绝；C. remembered 记住；D. controlled 控制。根据下文内容可
推断此处讲得是：并不是所有的爱都要喊出来，直到我上高中我才意识到这一点。故选A。
22. 考查形容词辨析。A. kind 善良的；B. cold 冷淡的；C. flexible 灵活的；D. stubborn 顽固的。根据上文In my memories,
it was Mom who held the family together.可推断，在我的记忆里，是妈妈把一家人聚拢在一起，因此爸爸是严厉的冷
淡的。and 连接意思相近的两个词。故选B。
23. 考查动词辨析。A. ask 问；B. appreciate 欣赏；C. charge 索价；D. scold 责骂。根据上文可知，爸爸是严厉的，
因此推断每天晚上下班回家后，他总是因为白天我做的错事责骂我。故选D。
24. 考查动词短语辨析。A. fell off 跌落；从……摔下来；B. fixed upon 集中于；C. moved into 迁入；D. put on 增加。
根据上文I broke my leg 可推断，我从秋千上掉下来摔断了腿。故选A。
25.
考查副词辨析。A. excitedly 兴奋地；激动地；B. gently 轻轻地；C. unwillingly 不情愿地；D. strangely 奇怪地。
根据上文可知，我摔断了胳膊，因此推断妈妈轻轻地搀着我一路去了医院。故选B。
26. 考查名词辨析。A. position 位置；B. responsibility 责任；C. silence 沉默；D. atmosphere 气氛。在死一般的沉寂
中，爸爸拖了医院的轮床到了急诊室门口。故选C。
27. 考查动词辨析。A. doubted 怀疑；B. added 增加；C. whispered 低语；D. shouted 呼喊。根据下文His voice did frighten
me.可推断，当有人要求爸爸把轮车移开时，他跳起来，喊道：我需要这辆车，难道你不认为它很紧急吗？他的声
音大的让我害怕。故选D。
28. 考查动词短语辨析。A. looking through 浏览；B. looking up 查阅；C. looking down upon 看不起；D. looking into
调查。根据下文one of them asked, “What does your father look like?”可知，我与朋友们一起浏览我家的相册。故选A。
29. 考查动词短语辨析。A. resulted in 导致；B. contributed to 促成；C. occurred to 发生；D. headed for 前往。依据上
文朋友问我我的父亲什么样子，可推断此处为：在那一刻，我突然想到爸爸几乎没有照片。occur to sb.“某人突然想
到”是固定短语。故选C。
30. 考查动词辨析。A. collecting 收集；B. changing 改变；C. taking 拿；取；D. drawing 画。根据上文可知，父亲的
照片很少，因此推断他总是那个给我们拍照的人。take picture for sb.“为某人拍照”。故选C。
31. 考查动词辨析。A. explained 解释；B. admitted 承认；C. confirmed 证实；D. predicted 预测。父亲总是那个给我
们拍照的人，这解释了为什么相册里几乎都是我和妈妈的照片。故选A。
32. 考查动词辨析。A. lost 丢失；B. enjoyed 喜欢；C. busied 使忙于；D. adapted 使适应。根据语境可知，在生日宴
会上，爸爸只是忙于吹气球、摆桌子，努力地让一切完美。busy oneself doing sth,“忙于做某事”是常用搭配。故选C。
33. 考查名词辨析。A. faulty 有错误的；B. tidy 整齐的；C. colorful 多彩多姿的；D. perfect 完美的。解析同上。在生
日宴会上，爸爸只是忙于吹气球、摆桌子，努力地让一切完美。故选D。
34. 考查动词辨析。A. come out 出现；B. put out 熄灭；C. blow out 吹熄；D. break out 爆发根据上文提到的At my
birthday parties 可知，妈妈端来带着蜡烛的蛋糕让我吹熄。故选C。
35. 考查形容词辨析。A. sleepy 困倦的；B. ill 生病的；C. unsatisfied 不满意的；D. hungry 饥饿的。根据上文可知，
爸爸做了许多工作，因此推断爸爸坐着角落里，疲惫的困倦的。故选A。
36. 考查动词辨析。A. visits 逗留；参观；B. ways 方法；C. studies 研究；D. journeys 旅程。根据上文可知，我现在
上高中，每个月回家一次，每次我逗留期间，爸爸仍旧如同往常一样保持沉默。故选A。
37. 考查副词短语辨析。A. or so 大约；B. for sure 肯定地；C. in doubt 怀疑地；D. as usual 如同往常一样。根据上文
可知，父亲是不善言谈，我每次在家期间，他仍旧如同往常一样沉默不语。故选D。
38. 考查形容词辨析。A. useful 有用的；B. worthwhile 值得的；C. understandable 可理解的；D. necessary 必要的。
由but 推断，尽管爸爸如同往常一样沉默不语，但是妈妈说是爸爸开车去镇上买了新鲜的海鲜和蔬菜，说只要我喜
欢他准备的菜是值得的。故选B。
39. 考查动词辨析。A. enjoyed 喜欢；B. bought 买；C. prepared 准备（食物）；D. consumed 消费。解析同上。爸爸
说只要我喜欢他准备的食物就是值得的。故选C。
40. 考查动词辨析。A. adopt 采取；B. express 表达；C. say 说；D. represent 代表。根据上文内容可推断，或许是爸
爸不知道怎么表达他的爱，或者是我不知道如何辨别。故选B。
4. 【湖北八校2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第57页，总92页
选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I first came to Rochester from Austin, Texas — a place where fall is practically non-existent — I was excited for
a real northern fall. But, I wasn’t ___21___ it to feel like Christmas in October.
Regardless of this ___22___, and the adjustment period that I’m not entirely sure I’m ___23___, I am thankful to be
somewhere that has a ___24___ fall. By “real” I ___25___ a distinctive season, a(n) ___26___ in the weather and a visual
changing of the world around me. The leaves ___27___ colors, it rains more often, the air is almost always ___28___ and
dry, and a light breeze ___29___ me to walk a bit faster to get inside. Yes, it is more difficult to be ___30___ outside in a
Rochester fall — where it isn’t just “less hot” but ___31___, fairly cold. But, I would argue that time spent outside in this
season could be more ___32___ than in the summer.
Everyone ___33___ that fall is about change — I won’t argue against that. Things do ___34___ in the fall — the
weather is ___35___ becoming worse and worse, the dying leaves become warmly colored, and ___36___ you know it,
we’ll be back to having only eight hours of sunlight a day.
This oncoming change is why I think it is so important to ___37___ fall. Fall is not just about the ___38___ of change,
but also appreciating what will soon be ___39___. Go ___40___ this fall. Enjoy the leaves not because they are turning
beautiful deep shades of orange and red, but because there will soon be no leaves in those branches at all.
21. A. interested in
B. exposed to
C. ashamed of
D. prepared for
22. A. accident
B. possibility
C. shock
D. motivation
23. A. beyond
B. against
C. for
D. after
24. A. rare
B. real
C. hard
D. strange
25. A. take in
B. pick up
C. call back
D. refer to
26. A. shift
B. conclusion
C. improvement
D. experience
27. A. spoil
B. keep
C. turn
D. avoid
28. A. cold
B. warm
C. hot
D. cozy
29. A. prevents
B. expects
C. urges
D. suspects
30. A. grateful
B. creative
C. considerate
D. comfortable
31. A. luckily
B. actually
C. helpfully
D. instantly
32. A. terrible
B. casual
C. unpleasant
D. valuable
33. A. questions
B. emphasizes
C. recalls
D. analyzes
34. A. relax
B. change
C. harvest
D. rest
35. A. steadily
B. hardly
C. helpfully
D. narrowly
36. A. if
B. since
C. as
D. before
37. A. control
B. describe
C. appreciate
D. hide
38. A. process
B. disadvantages
C. fear
D. result
39. A. disappointing
B. puzzling
C. gone
D. broken
40. A. inside
B. forward
C. backward
D. outside
【答案】21. D
22. C
23. A
24. B
25. D
26. A
27. C
28. A
29. C
30. D
31. B
32. D
33. B
34. B
35. A
36. D
37. C
38. A
39. C
40. D
【解析】作者从没有秋天的奥斯丁来到了罗契斯特市，这里寒冷的天气让她猝不及防，但很快作者为这里有真正的
秋天而心存感激，为能经历真正的北方秋天而兴奋不已。并领悟到去欣赏感激那些即将逝去的事物。
21. D
考查动词短语辨析。. interested in 对…感兴趣；exposed to 暴露于…；ashamed of 以…为耻；prepared forc 对…作
好准备。作者从没有秋天的奥斯丁来到了罗契斯特市。她为能经历真正的北方秋天而兴奋不已。但是，这里的十月
却如十二月份的圣诞节那样寒冷，她猝不及防，没有准备好，故选D。
22. C
考查名词辨析。accident 事故；possibility 可能性；shock 震惊；motivation 动机。分析句意可知，尽管有着这种
震惊（shock），我还是感谢这儿的。故选C。
23. A
考查介词辨析。分析句意，作者本人不能完全确信自己能跨越这个调整期。beyond 超过，跨越。故选A。
24. B
考查形容词。rare 罕见的；real 真的；hard 艰难的；Strange 奇怪反。根据下文对应的By “real…”可知，作者为
此处有真正（real）的秋天而心存感激。故选B
25. D
考查动词短语辨析。take in 吸收，被欺骗；pick up 捡起，学会；call back，回电话，记起；refer to 查阅，有关，
指的是。分析句意可知，通过说“真正的”，我指的是一个差别性明显的季节。故选D
26. A
考查名词辨析。shift 移动，变迁，变化；conclusion 结论；improvement 改善，提高；experience 经历，经验。根
据句意可知，气候的转变和周围世界色彩的改变（shift）。故选A。
27. Ｃ
考查动词辨析。spoil 损坏；keep 保持，维持；turn 使变换，使变为；avoid 避免。分析Turn,作为系动词，后跟表
示颜色的词。句意可知，树叶改变了颜色。故选C。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第58页，总92页
28. A
考查形容词作表语。cold 冷的；warm 暖和的；hot 热的；cozy 舒适的，安逸的。分析句意可知，空气冷而干燥。
故选A。
29. C
考查动词辨析。prevents 阻止；expects 希望，期望；urges 敦促，催促；suspects 怀疑。分析句意可知，刮来的阵
阵微风催促我快点进入室内。因此C 符合题意。
30. D
考查形容词。grateful 感激的；creative 富有创造性的；considerate 体贴的；comfortable 舒服的。句意：在罗契斯
特市这个地方，秋季是很难在户外感觉舒适。根据句意可知D 符合题意。
31. Ｂ
考查副词辨析。luckily 幸运地；actually 事实上，实际上；helpfully 有益地；instantly 马上，即刻地。分析句
意可知，;这里不是“不炎热”，而实际上是相当的冷。因此选B
32. Ｄ
考查形容词辨析。terrible 可怕的，糟糕的；casual 临时的，随便的；unpleasant 使人不愉快的，不合意的；valuable
宝贵的，有价值的。分析句意可知，即便如此，我还是要证明在这个季节去户外度过的时光要比夏季宝贵。因此选
D。
33. Ｂ
考查动词辨析。questions 质问，emphasizes 强调，着重；recalls 回忆；analyze 分析。根据句意可知，人人都看重
秋季是关于变化的。因此选B。
34. Ｂ
考查动词辨析。relax 放松；change 变化，harvest 收获；rest 休息。分析句意可知，指的是“在秋天万物的确在变化。”
因此B 符合题。
35. Ａ
考查副词辨析。steadily 稳定地；hardly 几乎不；helpfully 有益地，有用地；narrowly 勉强地，严密地。分析句意
可知，天气持续变得越来越冷。因此选A。
36. Ｄ
考查连词辨析。before. 表示“不知不觉就…..；还没弄清就……” 句意：不知不觉中（我还没弄清就），一天就只
有8 个小时的日照了。故选D (before)
5. 【广东七校联合体2018 届高三第二次联考试】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）
中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Anja Ringgren Lovén, a Danish care worker who ___21___ a young Nigerian(尼日利亚的) boy back in February,
___22___ Pope Francis and Barack Obama to top the list of 100 inspiring likes ___23___ by German-language Ooom
Magazine.
An image of Ms Lovén giving two-year-old Hope some water was ___24___ around the world, and served to
___25___ the work she was doing to help ___26___ children in Nigeria. ___27___ he was rescued by Ms Lovén and her
husband David, Hope had been ___28___ by his own family ___29___ the basis of rural superstition(迷信), forced to live
on the street ___30___ he contracted(感染) a number of illnesses ___31___ worms.
Speaking today about the experience, she said: "He was the size of a little baby, and my whole body ___32___."
"I became a mother myself 20 months ago and I was ___33___ my own son as I saw the boy. I thought to myself
___34___ that I would fight with all my ___35___ for him to survive."
"Anja Ringgren Lovén is a beacon (灯塔) of ___36___ and the most inspiring person of the year 2016," said Georg
Kindel, OooM's editor-in-chief, who led the jury(评审) that chose the list. "When she saw the ___37___ child, she acted like
a human being and became a(n) ___38___for millions. Her ___39___ effort to help the deserted children of Nigeria gives us
hope and ___40___ us to follow suit.
21. A. adapted
B. admitted
C. adopted
D. admired
22. A. won
B. beat
C. conquered
D. overcame
23. A. collected
B. counted
C. checked
D. cured
24. A. noticed
B. shared
C. observed
D. seen
25. A. highlight
B. describe
C. state
D. explain
26. A. hungry
B. desperate
C. orphan
D. lonely
27. A. When
B. Until
C. After
D. Before
28. A. sent
B. blamed
C. criticized
D. abandoned
29. A. in
B. at
C. on
D. under
30. A. where
B. that
C. which
D. who
31. A. containing
B. including
C. involving
D. experiencing
32. A. leaned
B. bent
C. froze
D. hurt
33. A. thinking back
B. thinking of
C. thinking over
D. thinking up
34. A. hesitantly
B. doubtfully
C. firmly
D. cautiously
35. A. heart
B. strength
C. spirit
D. power
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第59页，总92页
36. A. hope
B. light
C. friendship
D. kindness
37. A. appealing
B. promising
C. starving
D. puzzling
38. A. like
B. hope
C. courage
D. success
39. A. frequent
B. eventual
C. complete
D. persistent
40. A. discourages
B. inspires
C. suggests
D. persuades
【答案】21. C
22. B
23. A
24. B
25. A
26. C
27. D
28. D
29. C
30. A
31. B
32. C
33. B
34. C
35. B
36. A
37. C
38. A
39. D
40. B
【解析】文章讲述了丹麦保健工作者Anja Ringgren Lovén 对尼日利亚遗弃儿童不懈努力帮助。
21. C 考查动词。句意：丹麦保健工作者收养了一个年轻的尼日利亚男孩。A. adapted 使适应；B. admitted 承认；C.
adopted 收养；D. admired 羡慕。故选C。
22. B 考查动词。句意：击打着拍子。A. won 赢得；B. beat 打，有节奏的舒展与收缩；C. conquered 战胜，征服；D.
overcame 克服。故选B。
23. A 考查动词。句意：被德国Ooom 杂志收集。A. collected 收集，聚集；B. counted 认为；C. checked 检查；D. cured
治愈。故选A。
24. B 考查动词。句意：一幅Loven 女士给两岁孩子Hope 水的照片在世界各地被分享。A. noticed 注意到；B. shared
分享；C. observed 观察；D. seen 看到。故选B。
25. A 考查动词。句意：并强调了她为帮助尼日利亚孤儿所做的工作。A. highlight 强调；B. describe 描绘；C. state
声明；D. explain 解释。故选A。
26. C 考查形容词。句意：并强调了她为帮助尼日利亚孤儿所做的工作。A. hungry 饥饿的；B. desperate 令人绝望的；
C. orphan 孤儿的，无双亲的；D. lonely 寂寞的。故选C。
27. D 考查连词。句意：之前他被Loven 女士和她的丈夫大卫救起。A. When 当…时候；B. Until 直到…才；C. After
在…之后；D. Before 在… 之前。故选D。
28. D 考查动词。句意：基于乡村迷信Hope 被他的家人抛弃。A. sent 送，寄出；B. blamed 谴责；C. criticized 批评；
D. abandoned 抛弃。故选D。
29. C 考查介词。句意：基于乡村迷信Hope 被他的家人抛弃。A. in 在…里面；B. at 在，向；C. on 在…之上；D. under
在…下方。故选C。
30. A 考查连词。句意：被迫生活在大街上，在那儿他感染了各种疾病包括蠕虫。A. where 在…地方；B. that 那，那
个；C. which 哪一个；D. who 谁。故选A。
31. B 考查动词。句意：被迫生活在大街上，在那儿他感染了各种疾病包括蠕虫。A. containing 包含；B. including 包
含，包括；C. involving 涉及；D. experiencing 体验。include 主要强调被包含的东西本身是其一部分，而contain 则
强调包含不属于本身的其他东西在里面。故选B。
32. C 考查动词。句意：我的整个身体都僵住了。A. leaned 倾身，依靠；B. bent 弯腰；C. froze 冻结，凝固；D. hurt
受伤。故选C。
33. B 考查动词短语。句意：当我看到那个男孩时，我在想着自己的儿子。A. thinking back 会想；B. thinking of 想起；
C. thinking over 仔细考虑；D. thinking up 想出，发明。故选B。
34. C 考查副词。句意：我坚定地认为，我将竭尽全力让他活下去。A. hesitantly 迟疑地，踌躇地；B. doubtfully 怀疑
地；C. firmly 坚定地；D. cautiously 慎重地。故选C。
35. B 考查名词。句意：我坚定地认为，我将竭尽全力为他活下去。A. heart 心脏；B. strength 力量；C. spirit 精神，
心灵；D. power 权力。故选B。
36. A 考查名词。句意：Anja Ringgren Lovén 是希望的灯塔，是2016 年最鼓舞人心的人。A. hope 希望；B. light 光，
光线；C. friendship 友谊；D. kindness 仁慈。故选A。
37. C 考查形容词。句意：当她看到饥饿的孩子时。A. appealing 吸引人的；B. promising 有希望的；C. starving 饥饿
的；D. puzzling 使迷惑的。故选C。
38. A 考查名词。句意：她就像一个人一样，变成了像数百万人一样的人。A. like 同样的人或物；B. hope 希望；C. courage
勇气，胆量；D. success 成功，成就。故选A。
39. D 考查形容词。句意：她对尼日利亚遗弃儿童的不懈努力给了我们希望，并激励我们效仿。A. frequent 频繁的；
B. eventual 最后的；C. complete 完整的；D. persistent 坚持的。故选D。
40. B 考查动词。句意：她对尼日利亚遗弃儿童的不懈努力给了我们希望，并激励我们效仿。A. discourages 阻止；B.
inspires 激励；C. suggests 建议；D. persuades 说服。故选B。
点睛：做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有很多空格，所以必须要先通读一到两遍，才
能大致了解文章内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句中的内
容，包括搭配，时态以及语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第60页，总92页
资料正文内容开始>>
专题6 完形填空—夹叙夹议类
方法与技巧
（1）考纲要求
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深
刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教
育意义。作者首先叙述一件事，在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会
问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评
价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助
上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。
（2）命题规律
一、先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生
活的真理。
二、作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用
几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。
三、提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。
夹叙夹议型完形填空的备考策略：
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。此
类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：
(1)事例——观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活
的看法，或揭示生活的真理；
(2)观点——事例。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是
一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明；
(3)观点——事例——观点。提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己
的观点。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第61页，总92页
解题时，要做到：
(1)读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容。完形填空的首句一般不设空，是完整的一句话，信息就从这里开
始，他暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确的利用首句信息对于把握文章的大意是极其重要和有效
的；
(2)感受文体风格，领会作者意图。文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度，因此
分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，就能正确地把握反映作者思想情感的关键词。
解题建议：
一、抓住作者在第一句话中交代的人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点、事件的发生、
发展以及最后得出的结果。
二、不仅要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵，尤其要体味议论部分，因为该部分往
往是文章的升华。
三、要跟着作者的思路读全文，思维要有灵活性，要随着记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式。
体验高考
1.[2017·天津卷]
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35 各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
(2017·天津) At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food:
I used it to ______ bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about
my health, I tried many different kinds of ______ but nothing worked. I came to believe that
I could do nothing about my ______.
When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me ______. I didn’t want to live the rest
of my life with this ______ weight any more.
That year, I ______ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the
world. A seminar leader shared her ______ story — she had not only 125 lost pounds, but
also raised $25,000 for homeless children.
____ by her story, I created the As We Heal(痊愈), the World Heals ______. My goal was to
lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 ______ a movement founded 30 years ago to end
hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world ______ me as the perfect
solution.
____ I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would ______
the same difficulties that beat me before. While the ______ hung over my head, there were
also signs that I was headed down the right ______. I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling
them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began ______ in from hundreds of people.
Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician
（内科医生）, I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and ______ meals. My
fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise ______.
A year later, I ______ my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! I feel that I’ve been
given a second life to devote to something that is ______ and enormous.
1 .A．add
B．mix
C．kill
D．share
2 .A．diets
B．drinks
C．fruits
D．dishes
3 .A．height
B．ability
C．wisdom
D．weight
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第62页，总92页
4 .A．temporarily
B．recently
C．seriously
D．secretly
5 .A．ideal
B．extra
C．normal
D．low
6 .A．attended
B．organized
C．recommended
D．mentioned
7 .A．folk
B．success
C．adventure
D．science
8 .A．Surprised
B．Amused
C．Influenced
D．Disturbed
9 .A．project
B．business
C．system
D．custom
10 .A．in search of
B．in need of
C．in place of
D．in support of
11 .A．scared
B．considered
C．confused
D．struck
12 .A．As
B．Until
C．If
D．Unless
13 .A．get over
B．run into
C．look for
D．put aside
14 .A．excitement
B．joy
C．anger
D．fear
15 .A．row
B．hall
C．path
D．street
16 .A．breaking
B．flooding
C．jumping
D．stepping
17 .A．heavy
B．full
C．expensive
D．healthy
18 .A．regularly
B．limitlessly
C．suddenly
D．randomly
19 .A．set
B．reached
C．missed
D．dropped
20 .A．stressful
B．painful
C．meaningful
D．peaceful
答案：C A D C B A B C A D D A B D C B D A B C
【解析】本文讲述了作者曾因体重而束手无策，参加了一个研讨会后，给自己创建了一个项目，目标
是减掉150 磅，筹集50,000 美金，一年后作者实现了这个目标，感觉自己像被给了第二次生命去为
一些有意义的事情。
1．I used it to ___1___ bad feelings，A. add 添加；B. mix 混合；C. kill 杀害；D. share 分享。根据上文“I
had a very poor relationship with food（我和食物的关系不好）”可知，此处应该是用食物来“杀死”不好
的感觉，故选C。
2．I tried many different kinds of ___2___ but nothing worked. A. diets 饮食；B. drinks 饮料；C. fruits 水
果；D. dishes 餐具。句意：我尝试了不同的饮食方式，但是没有效果。故选A。
3．I came to believe that I could do nothing about my ___3___. A. height 身高；B. ability 能力；C. wisdom
聪明；D. weight 体重，结合上文：尝试了不同的饮食方式，但是没有效果，可知此处作者想表达的意
思：对于自己的体重什么也做不了，故选D。
4．my weight problem began to affect me ___4___. A. temporarily 临时地；B. recently 最近地；C. seriously
严肃地，严重地；D. secretly 秘密地。结合下文可知：“我”的体重严重地影响到了“我”。故选C。
5．I didn’t want to live the rest of my life with this ___5___ weight any more. A. ideal 理想的；B. extra 额
外的；C. normal 正常的；D. low 低的。句意：“我”不想带着这额外的体重度过余生。故选B。
6．I ___6___ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A. attended 参加；
B. organized 组织；C. recommended 推荐，介绍；D. mentioned 提到。句意：“我”参加了一个研讨会，
在那我们被要求去创建一个可以触摸世界的项目。故选A。
7．A seminar leader shared her ___7___ story，A. folk 民族；B. success 成功；C. adventure 冒险；D. science
科学。根据研讨会领导讲的故事的内容：she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for
homeless children.她不仅体重减少125 磅，而且为无家可归的孩子筹集了25000 美元，所以这应该是
一个成功的故事，故选B。
8．___8___ by her story，A. Surprised 惊讶的；B. Amused 愉快的；C. Influenced 有影响的；D. Disturbed
扰乱的。根据下文作者创建了一个项目，可知作者被研讨会领导人的故事所影响，故选C。
9．I created the As We Heal (痊愈), the World Heals ___9___. A. project 项目；B. business 商业；C. system
系统；D. custom 习惯。结合上文，“we were asked to create a project”，出现过project，可推测应该是
我创建了“我们痊愈，世界痊愈”的项目，故选A。
10．My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 ___10___ a movement founded 30 years
ago to end hunger. 句意：我的目标是减掉150 磅，筹集50,000 美元，支持30 年前创立的“结束饥饿”
的运动。A. in search of 寻找；B. in need of 需要；C. in place of 代替；D. in support of 支持，故选D。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第63页，总92页
11．This combination of healing myself and healing the world ___11___ me as the perfect solution. A. scared
害怕；B. considered 考虑；C. confused 困惑；D. struck 打击；strike me as 意为“我认为，在我看来……”。
句意：治愈我和治愈世界的联合在我看来是完美的解决办法。故选D。
12．___12___ I began my own personal weight program, A. As 当……时；B. Until 直到；C. If 如果；D.
Unless 除非。根据下文，应该是当我开始我自己的体重计划，故选A。
13．I was filled with the fear that I would ___13___ the same difficulties that beat me before. A. get over 克
服，恢复；B. run into 遭遇，陷入；C. look for 寻找；D. put aside 放在一边。句意：我害怕我像之前
一样陷入困难，打击自己。故选B。
14．While the ___14___ hung over my head A. excitement 激动，振奋；B. joy 乐趣；C. anger 生气；D. fear
害怕。结合上一句“ I was filled with the fear…”可知，此处应该是害怕感萦绕心头，故选D。
15．there were also signs that I was headed down the right ___15___. A. row 行，排；B. hall 大厅；C. path
轨道；D. street 街道。句意：这里有我朝向正确轨道行走的标志，故选C。
16．Donations began ___16___ in from hundreds of people. A. breaking 破坏；B. flooding（洪水般）泛滥；
C. jumping 跳；D. stepping 踏。句意：捐赠开始如洪水般泛滥，来自数百个人。故选B。
17．and I began to eat small and ___17___ meals A. heavy 重的；B. full 满的；C. expensive 贵的；D. healthy
健康的。根据上文：“I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a…”可知，作者在尝
试一些实际方法去减肥，所以此处应该是健康的食物，故选D。
18．My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise ___18___.
A. regularly 定期的；有规律的；B. limitlessly 无限制地；C. suddenly 突然地；D. randomly 随便地。句
意：“我”对筹集基金的关注也给了我定期运动的动力。故选A。
19．A year later, I ___19___ my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! A. set 布置，树立；B. reached
到达；C. missed 错过，想念；D. dropped 落下。句意：一年后，我实现了目标——减掉150 磅，并且
筹集了50,000 美金。常用搭配reach one’s goal 意为“实现某人的目标”，故选B。
20 ．I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is ___20___ and enormous. A.
stressful 有压力的；B. painful 痛苦的；C. meaningful 有意义的；D. peaceful 和平的。结合上下文，这
里something 应该是指作者自己创建的项目—lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000，这是一件有意义的事
情，故选C。
【名师点睛】
完形填空题旨在考查学生综合运用语言知识的能力。做此题时必须通篇考虑，先掌握大意，再综合运
用所学词汇、语法及常识进行推理判断。通读全文，了解大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，
充分利用各种线索答题。语境信息解题法：对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑，考生
应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速
领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。
例如第3 小题I came to believe that I could do nothing about my ___3___，A. height 身高；B. ability 能
力；C. wisdom 聪明；D. weight 体重。通读全文后，可知大意：作者为了解决体重问题，创建了一个
“我们痊愈，世界痊愈”的项目，最后实现了既定目标——体重减掉150 磅，并且筹集50,000 美金，
然后根据问题定位到第一段的信息：作者曾重达370 磅，和食物的关系很差，尝试过了很多不同的饮
食方法，还是没有效果，由此可见，此处作者想表达的意思：“我”对自己的体重毫无办法，故选D。
2.[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]
Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your
desk. And they’ve never actually ____ you. Everything they know about you ____ through this
device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. ____ they feel they can know you ____ from
the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the ____ is.
Powerful, yes, but not always ____. For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第64页，总92页
Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met ____, got me rock-bottom prices on airfares,
cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really ____ me. I sometimes wished to ____ another agent.
One morning, I had to ____ an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s
office ____. The woman sitting at the desk, ____ my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She
gave me a ____ smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the ____
immediately. ＂What a wonderful lady! ＂I thought.
Rushing out ____ I called out over my shoulder, ＂By the way, what’s your name?＂＂I’m
Rani,＂she said.
I turned around and saw a ____ woman with a big smile on her face waving
to wish me a safe trip. I was ____! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so ____.
Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s ____ —
her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ ____ — were all silent signals that
didn’t travel through wires.
2 .A．accepted
B．noticed
C．heard
D．met
3 .A．came
B．moved
C．ran
D．developed
4 .A．Thus
B．Yet
C．Then
D．Indeed
5 .A．rather
B．also
C．just
D．already
6 .A．telephone
B．voice
C．connection
D．impression
7 .A．direct
B．useful
C．easy
D．accurate
8 .A．in person
B．by myself
C．in public
D．on purpose
9 .A．annoyed
B．interested
C．discouraged
D．confused
10 .A．promote
B．train
C．find
D．know
11 .A．arrange
B．postpone
C．confirm
D．book
12 .A．for the first timeB．at any time
C．from time to timeD．in good time
13 .A．expecting
B．seeing
C．testing
D．avoiding
14 .A．shy
B．comforting
C．familiar
D．forced
15 .A．bill
B．form
C．ticket
D．list
16 .A．hopefully
B．disappointedly
C．gratefully
D．regretfully
17 .A．careful
B．serious
C．nervous
D．pleasant
18 .A．amused
B．worried
C．helpless
D．speechless
19 .A．calm
B．nice
C．proud
D．clever
20 .A．forgiveness
B．eagerness
C．friendliness
D．skillfulness
21 .A．explanation
B．attitude
C．concept
D．behavior
1．D，2．A，3．B，4．C，5．A，6．D，7．A，8．A，9．C，10．D，11．A，12．B
13．B，14．C，15．C，16．D，17．D，18．B，19．C，20．B
【解析】试题分析：本文属于夹叙夹议文，“我”通过电话与“我”的代理商Rani 交流时发现，她比较“冷漠”，让我很
生气，甚至有了换人的想法。后来实际生活中的一次接触让我发现原来“我”的看法完全是错误的。生活中的Rani 是
一个很善良体贴的人。以此告诉我们不要随意下结论，要全面思考问题。
21．D 考查动词辨析。accept 接受；notice 注意；hear 听说；听见；meet 遇见。根据第一句可知很多人只是通过电
话了解你，你们也许从来都没有见过面，只是通过电话交流。故D 正确。
22．A 考查动词辨析。come 来；move 移动；run 奔跑；develop 发展，开发。他们对你的了解来自电话，因为你们
之间的距离通常非常遥远，甚至在千里之外。故A 正确。
23．B 考查副词。虽然你们之间的距离很远，但是他们觉得通过你的声音就可以了解你。上下文之间是转折关系，
所以使用副词yet。故B 正确。
24．C 考查副词辨析。rather 相当地；also 也；just 只是；already 已经。本句使用just 表示强调，别人认为只是通
过声音就可以了解你。故C 正确。
25．A 考查名词辨析。根据26 空后的“only by phone”可知这里说的是电话的强大之处，故A 正确。
26．D 考查形容词辨析。direct 直接的；useful 有用的；easy 容易的；accurate 准确的。本空前的but 说明上下文之
间是转折关系，电话虽然很强大，但有时并不准确。故D 正确。
27．A 考查介词短语辨析。in person 亲自，by myself 靠自己；in public 当众；on purpose 故意地。A 项与空前的faceless
相呼应，Rani 是代理人，但是我们从来没有碰过面。故A 正确。
28．A 考查动词辨析。空前的cold voice 可知Rani 在电话里的声音很冷漠，让我很不高兴，甚至想过要另外找一个
代理人。说明我对她冷漠的声音很恼怒。故A 正确。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第65页，总92页
29．C 考查动词辨析。promote 促进；train 训练；find 寻找，找到；know 知道。正是因为Rani 的声音让我很不舒
服，所以我曾经想过另找代理人。故C 正确。
30．D 考查动词辨析。arrange 安排；postpone 推迟；confirm 确认；book 预订。因为家中的紧急事情我要立刻预订
回家的航班。故D 正确。
31．A 考查介词短语。for the first time 第一次；at any time 随时；from time to time 有时，不时；in good time 及时
地，迅速地。因为情况紧急，所以我第一次去了Rani 的办公室。故A 正确。
32．B 考查动词辨析。expect 期待，预料；see 看见；test 检测；avoid 避免。她看见我很着急，Rani 非常同情我，
给了我安慰的笑容。故选B。
33．B 考查形容词辨析。shy 害羞的；comforting 安慰的；familiar 熟悉的；forced 被迫的。她看到我很着急，笑着
安慰我。故B 正确。
34．C 考查名词辨析。由30 空可知我要预订回家的机票，这里指Rani 很快帮我把机票打印出来。故C 正确。
35．C 考查副词辨析。hopefully 充满希望地；disappointedly 感到失望地；gratefully 感激地；regretfully 遗憾地。对
方如此迅速地帮我把机票打印出来，而且一直面带微笑，这让我心存感激。故C 项正确。
36．D 考查形容词辨析。careful 细心的；serious 严肃的，认真的；nervous 紧张的；pleasant 令人愉快的。现实生
活中的Rani 富有同情心，待人热情大方，是一个令人愉快的相处对象。故D 项正确。
37．D 考查形容词辨析。现实生活中的她是如此的体贴大方，而我之前却认为她很冷漠，我真是无话可说。故D 项
正确。
38．B 考查形容词辨析。之前我认为Rani 很冷漠，但却没有想到实际生活中的Rani 是如此的美好善良。故B 项正
确。
39．C 考查名词辨析。forgiveness 谅解；eagerness 急切；friendliness 友好；skillfulness 熟练。从上文内容可知Rani
对我非常友好善良，并没有电话中的那种冷漠的感觉。故C 项正确。
40．B 考查名词辨析。explanation 解释；attitude 态度；concept 概念；behavior 行为。Rani 善良友好的态度并没有
从电话线中传递过去。B 项指Rani 对我的友好态度。故B 项正确。
【名师点睛】
本篇完形填空很好地体现了对考生语篇理解能力的考查。其中对于语篇的上下文复现考查很多，有一半左右的答案
可以在上下文中找到。如第25 小题，根据第一段的描述，以及26 空后的“only by phone”可知本文介绍的是电话，
人们可以通过电话了解你。
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有
词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同
现等。因此，做这类题时可以利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：
I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and
even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ______, dressed neatly.
A. roommate
B. classmate
C. neighbor
D. companion
【分析】名词同现。空格前出现了room, furniture, curtains, a TV 等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。
考点：考查夹叙夹议类阅读
3.[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant _______
Miller King, who was the best _______ at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football
everywhere for _______.
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him
after he came back from _______. He looked very _______, but he didn’t cry.
That season, I _______ all of Miller’s records while he _______ the home games from the
bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player,_______ I often had crazy dreams
in which I was to blame for Miller’s _______ .
One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller ________ going over a
fence—which wasn’t ________ to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person
in the world he wanted to accept ________ from. But even that challenge he accepted. I ________
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第66页，总92页
him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally ________ on the other side, he said
to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did ________ .Thank
you for filling in for ________ .”
His words freed me from my bad ________ . I thought to myself, how even without an arm he
was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was ________ ahead of me. I was right
to have ________ him. From that day on, I grew ________ and a little more real.
3 .A．cheering for
B．beating out
C．relying on
D．staying with
4 .A．coach
B．student
C．teacher
D．player
5 .A．practice
B．show
C．comfort
D．pleasure
6 .A．school
B．vacation
C．hospital
D．training
7 .A．pale
B．calm
C．relaxed
D．ashamed
8 .A．held
B．broke
C．set
D．tried
9 .A．reported
B．judged
C．organized
D．watched
10 .A．and
B．then
C．but
D．thus
11 .A．decision
B．mistake
C．accident
D．sacrifice
12 .A．stuck
B．hurt
C．tired
D．lost
13 .A．steady
B．hard
C．fun
D．fit
14 .A．praise
B．advice
C．assistance
D．apology
15 .A．let
B．helped
C．had
D．noticed
16 .A．dropped
B．ready
C．trapped
D．safe
17 .A．fine
B．wrong
C．quickly
D．normally
18 .A．us
B．yourself
C．me
D．them
19 .A．memories
B．ideas
C．attitudes
D．dreams
20 .A．still
B．also
C．yet
D．just
21 .A．challenged
B．cured
C．invited
D．admired
22 .A．healthier
B．bigger
C．cleverer
D．cooler
答案：41．B，42．D，43．A，44．C，45．A，46．B，47．D，48．C，49．C，50．A，51．B，52．C，53．B，
54．D，55．A，56．C，57．D，58．A，59．D，60．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要讲述了我和Miller 之间的故事。Miller 虽然在车祸中失去了右臂，但他却没有被打败，他依然领先于我，
我从中学到了许多。
41．考查动词短语。根据When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That
meant___1___Miller King,who was the best___2___at our school. 可知这里意思是那就意味着要打败Miller King，
他是我们学校最好的球员。cheering for
喝彩，beating out
击败，relying on
依赖，staying with 把……
坚持下去。所以选B。
42．考查名词。根据When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. 可知这
里意思是他是我们学校最好的球员。coach 教练，student
学生，teacher
教师，player 运动员，所以选D。
43．考查名词。句意：为了练习，我带着足球去每一个地方。practice
练习，show
炫耀，comfort 安慰，pleasure
高兴，所以选A。
44．考查名词。根据Just before September,Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. 可知Miller
是从医院回来。school
学校，vacation
假期，hospital
医院，training 训练，所以选C。
45．考查形容词。根据Just before September,Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. 可知Miller
在车祸中失去了右臂，所以他的脸色一定很苍白。pale
苍白的，calm
平静的，relaxed
放松的，ashamed 惭
愧的，所以选A。
46．考查动词。根据We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player 可知这里意思是那个赛季，我打破了
Miller 创造的所有纪录。held
保留，broke
打破，set
设置，tried 尝试，所以选B。
47．考查动词。Miller 在车祸中失去了右臂，所以他只能坐在家里的凳子上观看比赛。reported
报告，judged
判
断，organized
组织，watched 观看，所以选D。
48．考查连词。根据We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player,___8___I often had crazy dreams in
which I was to blame for Miller’s___9___.可知这里意思是虽然我成为了学校最优秀的球员，但是我经常做一
个疯狂的梦，在梦境中，我应该对Miller 的事故负责。and
而且，then
然后，but
但是，thus 因此，所
以选C。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第67页，总92页
49．考查名词。句意：虽然我成为了学校最优秀的球员，但是我经常做一个疯狂的梦，在梦境中，我应该对Miller
的事故负责。decision
决定，mistake
错误，accident
事故，sacrifice 牺牲，所以选C。
50．考查动词。根据when he was going over a fence—which wasn’t___11___to climb if you had both arms.
可知这里意思是我看到Miller 被卡住了。stuck
被卡住，hurt
受伤，tired
疲倦的，lost 失去的，所以
选A。
51．考查形容词。句意：如果你有两只胳膊，爬上栅栏并不困难。steady
稳定的，hard
困难的，fun
有
趣，fit 健康的，所以选B。
52．考查名词。句意：我确定，在这个世界上，我是他最后一个愿意接受帮助的人。praise
表扬，advice
建
议，assistance
帮助，apology 道歉，所以选C。
53．考查动词。根据But even that challenge he accepted. 可知这里意思是我帮助他慢慢地穿过了栅栏。let
允
许，helped
帮助，had
有，noticed 注意，所以选B。
54．考查形容词。句意：当我们安全到达另一边时。dropped
掉下，ready 准备，trapped
陷入困境，safe
安全，所以选D。
55．考查副词。句意：在这个赛季，我没有告诉你这些，但是你做得很好。fine
很好地，wrong
错误地，quickly
迅速地，normally 正常地，所以选A。
56．考查代词。句意：谢谢你代替了我。us
我们，yourself
你自己，me
我，them 他们，所以选C。
57．考查名词。根据I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s___9___.可知这里意思
是他的话使我从我的噩梦中解脱出来。memories
记忆，ideas
理念，attitudes
态度，dreams 梦，所以选
D。
58．考查副词。根据Damaged but not defeated, 可知这里意思是虽然被损坏，却没有被打败，他依然领先于我。
still
依然，also
也，yet
已经，just 仅仅，所以选A。
59．考查动词。句意：我对他很羡慕，是对的。challenged
挑战，cued
暗示，invited
邀请，admired
羡慕，所以选D。
60．考查形容词比较级。句意：从那天开始，我长大了，并且多了一些现实。healthier
更健康，bigger
更大，
cleverer
更聪明，cooler 更冷，所以选B。
4.[2016·四川卷]
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Lainey finished third grade. She had good grades and could read ______
grade level,
but she did not like to read. On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of
HarryPotter, as a surprise for her
______. But Lainey took one look at
it,
______
her eyes, and said, “Borrrring！”
Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it.
______
the
youngest children in the class were
______
by the story. They
______
with
great interest, and then
______
joined in grand conversations about Harry's
adventures.
“How can you say it's
______？Have you read it？” asked Aunt Dede.
“No, it's too long and it doesn't have any
______，” complained Lainey.
“Oh, that's where you are
______；there are lots of pictures. Every page is full of
pictures; you just have to read the words to
______
them. It's like magic.”
“Nice try, Aunt Dede，” Lainey replied
______
from the back seat.
Another ______ was in order. “Well, if you don't want to read it, give it ______. Maybe
your mum would ______ hearing the story.” The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and
she began to read it aloud. By the end of the first chapter，______ were coming from the
back seat: “Please read a little ______．”
Lainey is an example of an
______ reader. As shown here, Lainey can become ______ about
reading when ______ with literature on topics that interest her, and when the people around
her model involvement in the reading process.
4 .A．within
B．on
C．to
D．above
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第68页，总92页
5 .A．daughter
B．niece
C．student
D．friend
6 .A．opened
B．dried
C．rolled
D．shaded
7 .A．Even
B．Still
C．Just
D．Yet
8 .A．surprised
B．annoyed
C．puzzled
D．attracted
9 .A．read
B．told
C．listened
D．wrote
10 .A．suspectedly
B．anxiously
C．calmly
D．enthusiastically
11 .A．amazing
B．boring
C．ridiculous
D．humorous
12 .A．pictures
B．stories
C．adventures
D．conversations
13 .A．crazy
B．foolish
C．wrong
D．different
14 .A．see
B．match
C．show
D．recognize
15 .A．sourly
B．patiently
C．eagerly
D．shyly
16 .A．idea
B．try
C．belief
D．behaviour
17 .A．away
B．out
C．in
D．back
18 .A．enjoy
B．admit
C．mind
D．finish
19 .A．decisions
B．requests
C．comments
D．promises
20 .A．more clearly
B．longer
C．louder
D．more carefully
21 .A．unpleasant
B．innocent
C．unwilling
D．independent
22 .A．astonished
B．worried
C．confused
D．excited
23 .A．presented
B．concerned
C．disturbed
D．replaced
61．D
62．B
63．C
64．A
65．D
66．C
67．D
68．B
69．A
70．C
71．A
72．A
73．B
74．D
75．A
76．B
77．C
78．C
79．D
80．A
【解析】试题分析：
视频
61．D 考查介词。A. within 在……之内；B.on 在……上面；C.to 朝着……；D. above 超过，在---之上。句意：她成绩好，
读书超过她的年纪水平，但是她不喜欢读书。故选D。
62．由上文her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter 可知，Aunt Dede 想给她侄女（niece）一个惊喜。daughter
意为“女儿”，student 意为“学生”，friend 意为“朋友”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
63．由下文and said, "Borrrring" 可知，Lainey 对书并不感兴趣，因此拿过书，翻了翻白眼。roll one's eyes 意为“翻
白眼”，符合题意。因全文时态为一般过去时，因此rolled 符合文意。open 意为“打开”，dry 意为“变干”，shade 意
为“遮蔽”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。
64．由上文Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it 可知，Dede 班里的孩子都喜欢
这本书，甚至（Even）最小的孩子都被故事吸引了。still 意为“仍然”，just 意为“仅仅”，yet 意为“还”，均不符合文
意。故正确答案为A。
65．由上文and they loved it 可知，学生们都喜欢这本书，甚至连最小的孩子都被吸引（attract）住了。surprise 意
为“惊讶”，annoy 意为“生气”，puzzle 意为“困惑”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
66．C 考查动词。A. read 阅读；B.told 告诉；C.listened 听；D.wrote 写。根据上文可知“孩子们带着极大的兴趣听故
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第69页，总92页
事”。故选C。
67．D 考查副词。A. suspectedly 怀疑地；B.anxiously 焦虑地；C.calmly 冷静地；D.enthusiastically 充满热情地。听完
故事后，孩子们充满热情地加入到哈利·波特冒险的谈话中。故选D。
68．B 考查形容词。A. amazing 令人惊讶的；B.boring 无趣的；C.ridiculous 荒谬的；D.humorous 幽默的。根据第一段
最后一个词，可知此处意思是“你怎么能说它是很没意思呢”？故选B。
69．A 考查名词。A. pictures 图画；B.stories 故事；C. adventures 冒险；D.conversations 谈话。句意：它太长，也没
有图画。根据下文的“there are lots of pictures”可知有图画。故选A。
70．C 考查形容词。A. crazy 疯狂的；B.foolish 愚蠢的；C. wrong 错误的；D.different 不同的。根据空格下句“有许多
图画，每页都满是图画”可知你说没图画是你“错了”。故选C。
71．A 考查动词。A. see 看见；B. match 匹配；C.show 展示；D.recognize 认出。句意：只是你必须读单词才能看见
它们。故选A。
72．A 考查副词。A. sourly 怪怪地，酸酸地；B.patiently 耐心地；C. eagerly 热切地；D.shyly 害羞地。句意：Lainey
怪怪地说，“Dede 阿姨试一次”。故选A。
73．B 考查名词。A. idea 主意，想法；B.try 尝试；C.belief 信念；D.behavior 举止，行为。句意：又试了一次。故选
B。
74．D 考查副词。A. away 离开；B.out 在外面；C.in 在---里面；D.back 向后地。句意：如果你不想读它，就把它还
回来。give back 归还，故选D。
75．A 考查动词。A. enjoy 喜爱；B.admit 承认；C. mind 介意；D.finish 完成。句意：或许你的妈妈喜欢听这个故事。
故选A。
76．B 考查名词。A. decisions 决定；B. requests 请求；C.comments 评论；D.promises 许诺。句意：第一章快读完的
时候，有请求从后面的座位传来，“请再大点声读。”故选B。
77．C 考查副词。A.more clearly 更清晰；B.longer 更长；C. louder 更大声；D.more carefully 更细心地。句意：
请求从后面的座位传来，“请再大点声读”。故选C。
78．C 考查形容词。A. unpleasant 不愉快的；B. innocent 无辜的；C.unwilling 不愿意的；D.independent 独立的。
根据上文可知“Lainey 是一个不情愿的读者”。故选C。
79．D 考查形容词。A.astonished 吃惊的；B.worried 担忧的；
C. confused 困惑的；D.excited 兴奋的。正如上面
所示，Lainey 开始对阅读兴奋起来。故选D。
80．A 考查过去分词。A. presented 赠送，提出，呈现；
B. concerned 牵挂；C.disturbed 干扰；D.replaced 代替。
句意：当提供给她感兴趣的话题时，Lainey 能对阅读兴奋起来。present 提出，呈现。故选A。
5.[2016·浙江卷]
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—40 各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出最佳选项。
During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.
I went
to live there in order to be ____ him. I hated the place. I had never ____ been so unhappy.
My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty, and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone.
The heat was ____ — almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌). ____ a soul to
talk to. The wind blew non-stop, and all the food I ate, and the very air I breathed, were
____ with sand, sand, sand!
I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents. I told them I was ____ and coming back
home. I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer. I ____ be in prison! My father answered
my ____ with just two lines — two lines that will always sing in my ____— two lines that
completely changed my life:
Twomenlookedoutfromprisonbars,
Onesawthemud, theothersawthestars.
I read those two lines ____. I was ashamed of myself. I made up my mind I would find out
what was good in my present ____；I would look for the stars.
I made friends with the natives, and their ____ amazed me. They gave me presents of their
favorite artworks which they had ____ to sell to tourists. I studied the delightful forms
of the cactus. I watched for the desert sunsets, and ____ for seashells that had been left
there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean ____.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第70页，总92页
What brought about this ____ change in me? The desert hadn’t changed, ____ I had.
I had
changed my ____. And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing ____
of my life. I was excited by this new world that I had discovered.
I had looked out of
my self-created prison and ____ the stars.
5 .A．off
B．behind
C．near
D．beyond
6 .A．before
B．already
C．then
D．still
7 .A．inflexible
B．incomprehensibleC．uncontrollable
D．unbearable
8 .A．Only
B．No
C．Many
D．Such
9 .A．covered
B．filled
C．buried
D．charged
10 .A．catching up
B．keeping up
C．giving up
D．getting up
11 .A．ought to
B．might well
C．would rather
D．had better
12 .A．request
B．call
C．question
D．letter
13 .A．comparison
B．imagination
C．consideration
D．memory
14 .A．over and over
B．by and by
C．up and down
D．now and then
15 .A．company
B．occupation
C．situation
D．relationship
16 .A．movement
B．reaction
C．guidance
D．purpose
17 .A．refused
B．failed
C．managed
D．happened
18 .A．asked
B．hunted
C．waited
D．headed
19 .A．floor
B．surface
C．rock
D．level
20 .A．shocking
B．challenging
C．puzzling
D．astonishing
21 .A．as
B．but
C．for
D．or
22 .A．attitude
B．principle
C．identity
D．standard
23 .A．vacation
B．operation
C．affair
D．adventure
24 .A．sought
B．counted
C．found
D．reached
81．C
82．A
83．D
84．B
85．B
86．C
87．C
88．D
89．D
90．A
91．C
92．B
93．A
94．B
95．A
96．D
97．B
98．A
99．D
100．C
【解析】试题分析：这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己为了离丈夫近一些，住在他所在的沙漠的军营里，寂寞的生活
和艰苦的生活条件让作者难以忍受，她写信告诉父母要回家。父亲给他的信中就两行字，就是这两行字使作者改变
了自己对人生的态度。
81．C 考查介词辨析。根据上文的I went to live there，可知，作者去住在丈夫的军营为了靠近丈夫。A.远离；B.在……
后面；C.靠近；D.超过。故选C。
82．A：考查副词辨析。根据下文I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone.可知，作者以前从没有感觉这么不开心。A.以
前；B.已经；C.然后；D.仍然。故选A。
83．D 考查形容词辨析。A. inflexible 顽固的；B. incomprehensible 不可思议的；C. uncontrollable 不舒适的；D.
unbearable 难以忍受的。根据空后的almost 125 degrees even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)可知热是难以忍受的。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第71页，总92页
故选D。
84．B 考查副词辨析。根据上文a desert 和alone，可知，没有一个人可以交谈。A.仅仅；B. 没有；C.很多；D.这样。
故选B。
85．B 考查动词辨析。根据上文a desert 可知，作者吃的食物，呼吸的空气都充满了沙子。A.覆盖；B.填满；C.埋葬；
D.负责，要价。故选B。
86．C 考查动词短语辨析。根据下文coming back home，可知，作者写信给父母，告诉他们她要放弃。A.赶上；B. 维
持；C. 放弃；D.起床。故选C。
87．C：考查短语辨析。根据上文I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer，可知，我宁愿在监狱里。A.应该；B.不
妨，最好；C.宁愿；D.最好。故选C。
88．D 考查名词。根据上文I wrote to my parents，可知，作者的爸爸回复了作者的信，只有两行字。A.请求；B.电
话；C.问题；D.信。故选D。
89．D 考查名词辨析。A. comparison 比较；B. imagination 想象；C. consideration 考虑；D. memory 记忆。这两行字
总是在我记忆里，它完全改变了我的生活。故选D。
90．A 考查短语辨析。根据下文I was ashamed of myself.可知，作者一遍又一遍地读这两行字。A.一遍又一遍；B.不
久；C. 上上下下；D. 不时。故选A。
91．C 考查名词辨析。根据上文I would look for the stars，可知，作者决定要发现在现在的环境中好的东西。A.公司，
陪伴；B.占据，职业；C.环境；D. 关系。故选C。
92．B 考查名词辨析。根据下文They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 33 to sell to toueists .可
知，作者和当地人交朋友，他们的反应让作者很惊讶。A.运动；B.反应；C.指导；D.目的。故选B。
93．A 考查动词辨析。根据句意：他们给我最喜欢的艺术作品的礼物，这些作品是他们拒绝卖给游客的。A.拒绝；B.
失败；C.设法完成；D.碰巧。故选A。
94．B 考查动词辨析和短语搭配。A. asked for 要求；B. hunted for 搜寻,寻找；C. waited for 等待；D.headed for 去往
某地。我观看沙漠里的日落，寻找贝壳。故选B。
95．A 考查名词辨析。根据上文millions of years ago 可知，几百万年前，沙漠曾经是海床。A.地板；B.表面；C.岩石；
D.水平。故选A。
96．D 考查形容词辨析。根据上文two lines that completely changed my life :，可知，这里是：什么造成我这样令人
惊讶的改变？A.令人震惊的；B.有挑战的；C.令人困惑的；D.令人惊讶的。故选D。
97．B 考查连词辨析。根据句意：沙漠没有改变，但是我变了。表示转折关系。A.正如，因为，随着；B.但是；C.
因为；D.或者。故选B。
98．A 考查名词辨析。根据下文I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing 可知，虽作者改变了自己的态
度。A.态度；B.原则；C.身份；D.标准。故选A。
99．D 考查名词辨析。根据上一段内容可知，作者将不愉快的经历变成最令人惊叹的人生冒险。A.假期；B.手术；C.
事务；D.冒险。故选D。
100．C 考查动词。A. sought 寻找；B. counted 计数；C. found 发现；D. reached 到达。根据上文I would look for the
stars 可知,作者从自造的监狱向外看,发现(found)了星星。故选C。
【名师点拨】
结合上下文语境，抓关键词，做出正确判断。解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要阅读下句
或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边
在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。【小题12】B 考查名词辨析。根据下文They gave me presents of their
favorite artworks which they had 33 to sell to toueists .可知，作者和当地人交朋友，他们的反应让作者很惊讶。A.运动；
B.反应；C.指导；D.目的。故选B。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
模拟新题精选
1.【河南省豫北豫南名校2018 届高三上学期第二次联考】
However objective we believe ourselves to be, most of us do not judge a product only on the
basis of its advantages, we don’t only ________its quality, value or style before making
a decision ________, we are easily influenced by the people around us.
There is nothing________with this. It is probably a smarter way to make decisions than relying
on only our own ________. But it does make life ________for companies. They have long
understood that groups of friends and relatives ________ to buy the same products, but
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第72页，总92页
understanding the ________ has been tricky. Is it because they are so similar with ________
to how much money they ________ and what television ads they watch that they __________ arrive
at the same decision? Or do they __________one anther, perhaps out of envy or perhaps because
they have__________information about the products?
Research in Finland recently found good __________that neighbours have a big influence on
buying __________. When one of a person’s ten nearest neighbours bought a car, the
__________that that person would buy a car of the __________ brand during the next week and
a half rose by 86 percent. The researchers argued that it was not just a matter of envy
__________cars seemed to attract neighbours even more. This __________that people were not
trying to keep up with their neighbours, they were eager to __________them. Since second-hand
cars are less reliable, people are more likely to consider others’__________before buying.
6 .A．recognize
B．consider
C．appreciate
D．introduce
7 .A．Otherwise
B．However
C．Instead
D．Therefore
8 .A．normal
B．funny
C．scientific
D．wrong
9 .A．opinions
B．solutions
C．actions
D．traditions
10 .A．happy
B．hard
C．fair
D．simple
11 .A．fail
B．agree
C．pretend
D．tend
12 .A．problems
B．rules
C．reasons
D．methods
13 .A．connection
B．regard
C．relation
D．concern
14 .A．borrow
B．make
C．waste
D．need
15 .A．madly
B．immediately
C．hardly
D．independently
16 .A．help
B．pay
C．copy
D．call
17 .A．shared
B．ignored
C．expected
D．declared
18 .A．excuses
B．results
C．comment
D．evidence
19 .A．power
B．decisions
C．time
D．approaches
20 .A．choices
B．challenges
C．chances
D．changes
21 .A．best
B．worst
C．same
D．different
22 .A．New
B．Used
C．Expensive
D．Cheap
23 .A．suggested
B．promised
C．announced
D．predicted
24 .A．argue with
B．care about
C．live with
D．learn from
25 .A．effort
B．permission
C．recommendation
D．feeling
101．B
102．C
103．D
104．A
105．B
106．D
107．C
108．B
109．B
110．D
111．C
112．A
113．D
114．B
115．C
116．C
117．B
118．A
119．D
120．C
【解析】不管我们相信自己是多么客观的人，我们大多数人不是只根据产品的优点来判断它。周围人对我们的判断
有很大的影响力，我们这样做是渴望从别人身上得到一些经验。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第73页，总92页
101．考查动词。A. recognize 辨认出；
B. consider
考虑；C. appreciate 感激；
D. introduce 介绍。根据before
making a decision 在做决定前，我们不仅仅考虑产品的质量等等。故选B。
102．考查连词。A. Otherwise 否则；
B. However 然而；C. Instead
相反；D. Therefore 因此。根据we are easily
influenced by the people around us.我们不考虑产品本身，相反我们很容易被周围人影响。故选C。
103．考查形容词。A. normal 正常的；
B. funny 搞笑的；
C. scientific
科学的；D. wrong 错误的。根据短语
there is nothing wrong with 得知这样做也没错。故选D。
104．考查名词。A. opinions 想法；
B. solutions
解决方法；C. actions
行动；D. traditions 传统。根据than relying
on only our own 推理出：做决定不仅仅靠我们自己的想法。故选A。
105．考查形容词。A. happy 快乐的；
B. hard
艰难的；
C. fair
公平的；
D. simple 简单的。根据but
understanding the 说明对于公司来说猜测消费者心理不容易。故选B。
106．考查动词。A. fail 失败；
B. agree 同意；
C. pretend
假装；
D. tend 倾向于。根据逻辑推理这是多数
公司以为朋友亲戚们一起购物很容易买一样的产品，易于做某事tend to do。故选D。
107．考查名词。A. problems 问题；
B. rules 规则；C. reasons
理由，原因；D. methods 方法。根据Is it because
they are so similar with 得知公司理解其中的原因是复杂的。故选C。
108．考查名词。A. connection 连接；B. regard 看作，C. relation 关系；D. concern 担心。根据短语with regard to
关于，得知是不是因为他们赚的钱差不多。故选B。
109．考查动词。A. borrow 借来；
B. make
制作；C. waste 浪费；
D. need 需要。根据短语make money 赚
钱，这里推测赚的钱数目相似购买力一样。故选B。
110．考查副词。A. madly 疯狂地；B. immediately 立即；C. hardly 几乎不；D. independently 独立地。根据what
television ads they watch 推测:还是因为他们看了一样的电视广告所以他们也能分别做出一样的决定。故选D。
111．考查动词。A. help 帮助；
B. pay 支付；
C. copy
复制，模仿；
D. call 打电话。
根据perhaps out of envy 推理出于羡慕妒忌，他们在模仿别人。故选C。
112．考查动词。A. shared
分享；
B. ignored 忽略；
C. expected 期望；
D. declared 宣布。根据上文公司对
消费者消费方式的猜测得知这里猜想原因可能因为他们分享了产品信息，所以购买相同物品。故选A。
113．考查名词。A. excuses 借口。B. results
结果；C. comment 评论；D. evidence 证据。根据Research in Finland
recently found good 推理最近芬兰的一项研究发现了证据。故选D。
114．考查名词。A. power
权利；B. decisions
决定；C. time 时间；D. approaches 方法。根据上文的It is probably
a smarter way to make decisions 以及下文的买车实例推理这是说做消费决定时，邻居起到很大的作用。故选B。
115．考查名词。A. choices 选择；
B. challenges 挑战；
C. chances
机会；D. changes 改变。这里在强调一
个人买多数邻居相同品牌的几率上升86%。故选C。
116．考查形容词。A. best 最好的；
B. worst
最坏的；
C. same 同样的；
D. different 不同的。根据上文的
buy the same products 可以推测出这里是说一个人买多数邻居相同品牌的汽车。故选C。
117．考查形容词。A. New
新的；
B. Used 使用的；
C. Expensive
昂贵的；
D. Cheap 便宜的。根据下文
second-hand cars are less reliable 得知是被使用的车更有吸引力。故选B。
118．考查动词。A. suggested
建议，表明；
B. promised 答应；
C. announced 宣布；
D. predicted 预测。
根据they were eager to 这表明人们不是为了赶上邻居。故选A。
119．考查动词短语。A. argue with 同意某人；
B. care about
关心；
C. live with 忍受，承认；
D. learn from
从中学习。人们不是为了赶上邻居，而是渴望从别人身上得到一些经验。故选D。
120．考查名词。A. effort
努力；B. permission
允许；C. recommendation
推荐；D. feeling 感受。根据Since
second-hand cars are less reliable 推理二手车可信度差，人们更可能购买前考虑别人的建议。故选C。
【名师点睛】
词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻
辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所
以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词
等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能
力。
原词或同根词复现是指相同的单词或同根词在原文中反复出现，达到衔接文章的目的。本文的第14 小题就是原词
复现：Research in Finland recently found good ___13___that neighbours have a big influence on buying ___14___..根据上
文的It is probably a smarter way to make decisions 可知，这里填decisions。
2.【重庆市第一中学2018 届高三12 月月考】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C
和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第74页，总92页
Years ago, an important event happened in my life which would change it forever. I met Kurt
Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast. While we were
___, Kurt asked
me, “John, what is your
___for personal growth?” Never at a loss for words, I tried to
find things in my life that might
___for growth. I told him about the activities in which
I was
___. And I went into a
___on how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I must
have talked for ten minutes. Kurt
___patiently, but then he
___smiled and said, “You
don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?”
“No, actually,” I
___.
“You know,” Kurt said simply, “growth is not a(n)
___process.”
And that’s when it
____me. I hadn’t done anything
____to make myself better. And at that
moment, I made the
____: I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my
____.
That night, I talked to my wife about my
____with Kurt and what I had learned. I
____her
the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling. We
____that Kurt wasn’t just trying to make a
sale. He was offering a
____for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.
Several important things happened that day. First, we decided to
____the reality. But more
importantly, we made a promise to
____together as a couple. Form that day on, we learned
together, traveled together, and sacrificed together. It was a
____decision. While too many
couples grow apart, we were growing together.
7 .A．working
B．preparing
C．thinking
D．eating
8 .A．suggestion
B．demand
C．plan
D．request
9 .A．appeal
B．look
C．call
D．stand
10 .A．involved
B．trapped
C．lost
D．bathed
11 .A．thought
B．speech
C．discussion
D．debate
12 .A．calculated
B．listened
C．drank
D．explained
13 .A．eagerly
B．gradually
C．gratefully
D．finally
14 .A．admitted
B．interrupted
C．apologized
D．complained
15 .A．automatic
B．slow
C．independent
D．changing
16 .A．confused
B．informed
C．pleased
D．struck
17 .A．casually
B．purposely
C．carefully
D．patiently
18 .A．comment
B．announcement
C．decision
D．arrangement
19 .A．life
B．career
C．performance
D．investment
20 .A．contract
B．conversation
C．idea
D．argument
21 .A．lent
B．sold
C．showed
D．taught
22 .A．recalled
B．defined
C．recognized
D．declared
23 .A．tool
B．skill
C．way
D．rule
24 .A．promote
B．face
C．handle
D．deliver
25 .A．grow
B．survive
C．move
D．gather
26 .A．difficult
B．sudden
C．firm
D．wise
121．D
122．C
123．D
124．A
125．B
126．B
127．D
128．A
129．A
130．D
131．B
132．C
133．A
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第75页，总92页
134．B
135．C
136．C
137．C
138．B
139．A
140．D
【解析】这篇文章主要讲了在朋友的提醒下，作者和妻子做出一个明智的决定，共同进步，共同成长。
121．D 考查动词。由I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast.可知当我们正在吃饭时，
Kurt 问我有什么样的个人成长计划。working 工作，preparing 准备，thinking 思考，eating 吃。
122．C 考查名词。由下文内容“You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?”可知Kurt 问我有什么样的个人成
长计划。suggestion 建议，demand 要求，plan 计划，request 要求。
123．D 考查固定短语。当Kurt 提出这个问题的时候，我努力找出一些个人生活中代表成长的事情。stand for 代表，
是固定短语。
124．A 考查固定短语。本句是定语从句，介词in 提到关系代词which 之前。我告诉他很多我所参加的活动。be involved
in 参与，是固定短语。
125．B 考查名词。由on how hard I worked and the gains I was making.可知我在发表关于自己如何努力工作并取得了
很大的成就的演讲。thought 想法，speech 演讲，discussion 讨论，debate 辩论。
126．B 考查动词。由I must have talked for ten minutes.可知我讲了十几分钟自己的个人努力及成就，Kurt 在耐心的
听我说。calculated 计算，listened 听，drank 喝酒，explained 解释。
127．D 考查副词。终于，耐心地听我讲了这么长时间，最后他笑着对我说：“对于个人成长你并没有计划，是吧。”
eagerly 渴望地，gradually 逐步地，gratefully 感激地，finally 最后。
128．A 考查动词。由“No, actually,”可知我承认自己并没有个人成长计划。admitted 承认，interrupted 打断，apologized
道歉，complained 抱怨。
129．A 考查形容词。由I hadn’t done anything ___11___ to make myself better. 可知成长不是一个自动的过程。
automatic 自动的，slow 慢的，independent 独立的，changing 改变。
130．D 考查动词。Kurt 的话打击了我，我的确没有有意地做一些事情让自己变得更好。confused 困惑，informed
通知，pleased 满意，struck 打击。
131．B 考查副词。他的话让我意识到自己的确没有有意地做一些让自己更好的事情。casually
随便地，purposely
故意地，carefully 小心地，patiently 耐心地。
132．C 考查名词。由It was a ___20___ decision.可知我做出一个决定。comment 评论，announcement 宣告，decision
决定，arrangement 安排。
133．A 考查名词。由I tried to find things in my life that might ___3___ for growth. 可知我为我的个人生活制定了一个
计划。life 生活，career 事业，performance 表演，investment 投资。
134．B 考查名词。根据文章前两段可知我和Kurt 在吃早饭的时候，进行了一次关于个人成长计划的谈话。contract
合同，conversation 谈话，idea 想法，argument 争吵。
135．C 考查动词。由the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling.可知我向妻子展示了Kurt 正在出售的书和磁带。lent 借
给，sold 出售，showed 展示，taught 教。
136．C 考查动词。由He was offering a ___17___ for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.可知我们意识到他
并不是想向我们推销自己的书，而是给我们提供了一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法。recalled 回忆，defined 使明确，
recognized 意识到，declared 宣布。
137．C 考查动词。我们意识到他并不是想向我们推销自己的书，而是给我们提供了一个改变生活和实现梦想的方
法。tool 工具，skill 技巧，way 方法，rule 规则。
138．B 考查动词。第一，我们决定面对现实。promote 提升，face 面对，handle 处理，deliver 递送。
139．A 考查动词。作为夫妇，我们承诺一起成长。grow 成长，survive 幸存，move 移动，gather 收集。
140．考查形容词。由While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together.可知这是一个明智的决定。difficult
困难的，sudden 突然的，firm 坚定的，wise 明智的。
【名师点睛】
完形填空题的命题特点及答题方法：
1.侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力
完形填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结
构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。例如：小题4
考查固定短语。本句是定语从句，介词in 提到关系代词which 之前。我告诉他很多我所参加的活动。be involved in
参与，是固定短语。
2.上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第76页，总92页
解完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，
即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉
关键词。例如：小题2 考查名词。由下文内容“You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?”可知Kurt 问我有什
么样的个人成长计划。suggestion 建议，demand 要求，plan 计划，request 要求。
3.设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力
旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。
4.结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力
目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。
5.关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况想，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否
掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。
3.【广东七校联合体2018 届高三第二次联考试】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、
B、C 和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Anja Ringgren Lovén, a Danish care worker who ____ a young Nigerian (尼日利亚的) boy back
in February, ____ Pope Francis and Barack Obama to top the list of 100 inspiring likes ____
by German-language Ooom Magazine.
An image of Ms Lovén giving two-year-old Hope some water was ____ around the world, and served
to ____ the work she was doing to help ____ children in Nigeria. ____ he was rescued by Ms
Lovén and her husband David, Hope had been ____ by his own family ____ the basis of rural
superstition (迷信), forced to live on the street ____ he contracted (感染) a number of
illnesses ____ worms.
Speaking today about the experience, she said: “He was the size of a little baby, and my
whole body ____.”
“I became a mother myself 20 months ago and I was ____ my own son as I saw the boy. I thought
to myself ____, that I would fight with all my ____ for him to survive.”
“Anja Ringgren Lovén is a beacon (灯塔) of ____ and the most inspiring person of the year
2016,” said Georg Kindel, OooMs editor-in-chief, who led the jury (评审) that chose the
list. “When she saw the ____ child, she acted like a human being and became a(n) ____ for
millions. Her ____ effort to help the deserted children of Nigeria gives us hope and ____
us to follow suit.
8 .A．adapted
B．admitted
C．adopted
D．admired
9 .A．won
B．beat
C．conquered
D．overcame
10 .A．collected
B．counted
C．checked
D．cured
11 .A．noticed
B．shared
C．observed
D．seen
12 .A．highlight
B．describe
C．state
D．explain
13 .A．hungry
B．desperate
C．orphan
D．lonely
14 .A．When
B．Until
C．After
D．Before
15 .A．sent
B．blamed
C．criticized
D．abandoned
16 .A．in
B．at
C．on
D．under
17 .A．where
B．that
C．which
D．who
18 .A．containing
B．including
C．involving
D．experiencing
19 .A．leaned
B．bent
C．froze
D．hurt
20 .A．thinking back
B．thinking of
C．thinking over
D．thinking up
21 .A．hesitantly
B．doubtfully
C．firmly
D．cautiously
22 .A．heart
B．strength
C．spirit
D．power
23 .A．hope
B．light
C．friendship
D．kindness
24 .A．appealing
B．promising
C．starving
D．puzzling
25 .A．like
B．hope
C．courage
D．success
26 .A．frequent
B．eventual
C．complete
D．persistent
27 .A．discourages
B．inspires
C．suggests
D．persuades
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第77页，总92页
141．C
142．B
143．A
144．B
145．A
146．C
147．D
148．D
149．C
150．A
151．B
152．C
153．B
154．C
155．B
156．A
157．C
158．A
159．D
160．B
【解析】文章讲述了丹麦保健工作者Anja Ringgren Lovén 对尼日利亚遗弃儿童不懈努力帮助。
141．C 考查动词。句意：丹麦保健工作者收养了一个年轻的尼日利亚男孩。A. adapted 使适应；B. admitted 承
认；C. adopted 收养；D. admired 羡慕。故选C。
142．B 考查动词。句意：击打着拍子。A. won 赢得；B. beat 打，有节奏的舒展与收缩；C. conquered
战胜，征服；D. overcame 克服。故选B。
143．A 考查动词。句意：被德国Ooom 杂志收集。A. collected 收集，聚集；B. counted 认为；C. checked
检查；D. cured 治愈。故选A。
144．B 考查动词。句意：一幅Loven 女士给两岁孩子Hope 水的照片在世界各地被分享。A. noticed
注意到；B. shared 分享；C. observed 观察；D. seen 看到。故选B。
145．A 考查动词。句意：并强调了她为帮助尼日利亚孤儿所做的工作。A. highlight 强调；B. describe
描绘；C. state 声明；D. explain 解释。故选A。
146．C 考查形容词。句意：并强调了她为帮助尼日利亚孤儿所做的工作。A. hungry 饥饿的；B. desperate
令人绝望的；C. orphan 孤儿的，无双亲的；D. lonely 寂寞的。故选C。
147．D 考查连词。句意：之前他被Loven 女士和她的丈夫大卫救起。A. When 当…时候；B. Until 直
到…才；C. After 在…之后；D. Before 在… 之前。故选D。
148．D 考查动词。句意：基于乡村迷信Hope 被他的家人抛弃。A. sent 送，寄出；B. blamed 谴责；C.
criticized 批评；D. abandoned 抛弃。故选D。
149．C 考查介词。句意：基于乡村迷信Hope 被他的家人抛弃。A. in 在…里面；B. at 在，向；C. on
在…之上；D. under 在…下方。故选C。
150．A 考查连词。句意：被迫生活在大街上，在那儿他感染了各种疾病包括蠕虫。A. where 在…地方；
B. that 那，那个；C. which 哪一个；D. who 谁。故选A。
151．B 考查动词。句意：被迫生活在大街上，在那儿他感染了各种疾病包括蠕虫。A. containing 包含；
B. including 包含，包括；C. involving 涉及；D. experiencing 体验。include 主要强调被包含的东西本
身是其一部分，而contain 则强调包含不属于本身的其他东西在里面。故选B。
152．C 考查动词。句意：我的整个身体都僵住了。A. leaned 倾身，依靠；B. bent 弯腰；C. froze 冻结，
凝固；D. hurt 受伤。故选C。
153．B 考查动词短语。句意：当我看到那个男孩时，我在想着自己的儿子。A. thinking back 会想；B.
thinking of 想起；C. thinking over 仔细考虑；D. thinking up 想出，发明。故选B。
154．C 考查副词。句意：我坚定地认为，我将竭尽全力让他活下去。A. hesitantly 迟疑地，踌躇地；B.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第78页，总92页
doubtfully 怀疑地；C. firmly 坚定地；D. cautiously 慎重地。故选C。
155．B 考查名词。句意：我坚定地认为，我将竭尽全力为他活下去。A. heart 心脏；B. strength 力量；
C. spirit 精神，心灵；D. power 权力。故选B。
156．A 考查名词。句意：Anja Ringgren Lovén 是希望的灯塔，是2016 年最鼓舞人心的人。A. hope
希望；B. light 光，光线；C. friendship 友谊；D. kindness 仁慈。故选A。
157．C 考查形容词。句意：当她看到饥饿的孩子时。A. appealing 吸引人的；B. promising 有希望的；
C. starving 饥饿的；D. puzzling 使迷惑的。故选C。
158．A 考查名词。句意：她就像一个人一样，变成了像数百万人一样的人。A. like 同样的人或物；B.
hope 希望；C. courage 勇气，胆量；D. success 成功，成就。故选A。
159．D 考查形容词。句意：她对尼日利亚遗弃儿童的不懈努力给了我们希望，并激励我们效仿。A.
frequent 频繁的；B. eventual 最后的；C. complete 完整的；D. persistent 坚持的。故选D。
160．B 考查动词。句意：她对尼日利亚遗弃儿童的不懈努力给了我们希望，并激励我们效仿。A.
discourages 阻止；B. inspires 激励；C. suggests 建议；D. persuades 说服。故选B。
点睛：做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有很多空格，所以必须要先通读
一到两遍，才能大致了解文章内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答
案时，要考虑整个句中的内容，包括搭配，时态以及语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检
查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
4.【安徽省皖西南名校2018 年高三阶段性检测联考】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C
和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
On June 8th, much of the world observes United Nations World Oceans Day. The idea is to remind
people how
___the world’s oceans are to all life on Earth, to celebrate their beauty, and
to bring attention to the
___human activity has on the oceans. This year, the
___is “Our
Oceans, Our Future”, with
___emphasis on finding solutions to plastic pollution,
and
___marine(海洋) litter for a healthier ocean and a better future.
The world’s oceans produce over half of our
___for breath, help regulate our climate,
absorb carbon dioxide, and support the greatest
___of life on our planet. Nearly half of
all species on Earth
___on the oceans for survival, and for many of the rest, including
for people, the oceans
___the quality of life.
The oceans are
____vital to the world’s economy, because they are key to transportation
and recreation. And
____over 95 percent of the underwater kingdom remains unexplored, it
is nearly a certainty that their
____may hold the cure to many a disease, the resolution
to many problem.
And yet, as much as 40 per cent of the world’s oceans are heavily
____by human activities
that result in pollution, over-fishing, and loss of coastal habitats. Of particular
____is
plastic litter. Some of it comes from
____that use our rivers, lakes and seas,
and
____makes its way into the ocean. But
____washes off land into the ocean each year.
We must remember the health and safety of our oceans is our
____responsibility, one that
we cannot afford to ignore.
____through good administration can we safeguard the health
of our oceans, and
____that the oceans continue to meet the needs of future generations.
9 .A．serious
B．important
C．apparent
D．awesome
10 .A．influence
B．result
C．affection
D．drawback
11 .A．title
B．movement
C．campaign
D．theme
12 .A．vital
B．possible
C．special
D．fundamental
13 .A．reusing
B．preventing
C．collecting
D．gathering
14 .A．water
B．food
C．air
D．oxygen
15 .A．abundance
B．freedom
C．independence
D．protection
16 .A．base
B．depend
C．live
D．attach
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第79页，总92页
17 .A．increase
B．decrease
C．improve
D．develop
18 .A．also
B．even
C．still
D．often
19 .A．when
B．while
C．since
D．although
20 .A．areas
B．widths
C．amounts
D．depths
21 .A．destroyed
B．exploited
C．affected
D．explored
22 .A．activity
B．concern
C．reason
D．cause
23 .A．ships
B．vehicles
C．cars
D．travelers
24 .A．naturally
B．controversially C．evidently
D．eventually
25 .A．much
B．many
C．some
D．little
26 .A．individual
B．national
C．common
D．alternative
27 .A．Then
B．And
C．So
D．Only
28 .A．promise
B．insure
C．foresee
D．subscribe
161．B
162．A
163．D
164．C
165．B
166．D
167．A
168．B
169．C
170．A
171．C
172．D
173．C
174．B
175．A
176．D
177．A
178．C
179．D
180．B
【解析】文章主要讲述了世界海洋日，人们应该更加关注海洋健康。
161．考查形容词辨析。句意：这个想法是要提醒人们，世界海洋对地球上所有生命的重要性，是为了庆祝它们的
美丽，并提请人们注意人类活动对海洋的影响。serious 严肃的，认真的；important 重要的；apparent 显然的，易
看见的；awesome 可怕的，令人敬畏的。根据题意，故选B。
162．考查名词辨析。句意：这个想法是要提醒人们，世界海洋对地球上所有生命的重要性，是为了庆祝它们的美
丽，并提请人们注意人类活动对海洋的影响。influence 影响；result 结果；affection 喜爱；drawback 劣势。根据题
意，故选A。
163．考查名词辨析。句意：今年的主题是“我们的海洋，我们的未来”，以寻找解决塑料污染，为了一个健康的
海洋和一个更好的未来，阻止海洋垃圾。title 题目；movement 运动，活动；campaign 运动，战役；theme 主题。
根据“Our Oceans, Our Future”我们的海洋，我们的未来。根据题意，故选D。
164．考查形容词辨析。句意：今年的主题是“我们的海洋，我们的未来”，以寻找解决塑料污染，为了一个健康
的海洋和一个更好的未来，阻止海洋垃圾。vital 至关重要的；possible 可能的；special 特殊的；fundamental 基础
的，根本的。“special emphasis”特别强调。根据题意，故选C。
165．考查动词辨析。句意：今年的主题是“我们的海洋，我们的未来”，以寻找解决塑料污染，为了一个健康的
海洋和一个更好的未来，阻止海洋垃圾。reusing 再用，重新使用；preventing 阻止；collecting 收集；gathering
收集，采集。根据“for a healthier ocean”一个更健康的海洋。可知应阻止垃圾。根据题意，故选B。
166．考查名词辨析。句意：世界上的海洋产生了一半以上的氧气用于呼吸，有助于调节我们的气候，吸收二氧化
碳，并支持我们星球上最丰富的生命。water 水；food 食物；air 空气；oxygen 氧气。根据“for breath”为了呼吸。
根据常识，可知产生氧气。根据题意，故选D。
167．考查名词辨析。句意：世界上的海洋产生了一半以上的氧气用于呼吸，有助于调节我们的气候，吸收二氧化
碳，并支持我们星球上最丰富的生命。abundance 丰富；freedom 自由；independence 独立；protection 保护。根据“Nearly
half of all species (物种) on Earth”地球上几乎一半的物种。可知地球上物种丰富。根据题意，故选A。
168．考查动词辨析。句意：地球上近一半的物种依赖海洋生存，和许多其他的，包括人，海洋提高了生活质量。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第80页，总92页
base 基础；depend 依靠，依赖；live 居住；attach 附上，贴上。“depend on”依赖，依靠。根据题意，故选B。
169．考查动词辨析。句意：地球上近一半的物种依赖海洋生存，和许多其他的，包括人，海洋提高了生活质量。increase
增加；decrease 减少；improve 提高；develop 发展。根据题意，故选C。
170．考查副词辨析。句意：海洋对世界经济也是至关重要的，因为它们是交通和娱乐的关键。also 也；even 甚至；
still 仍然；often 经常。根据“because they are key to transportation and recreation.” 因为它们是交通和娱乐的关键。
可知海洋对世界经济是至关重要的。根据题意，故选A。
171．考查连词辨析。句意：由于超过95%的水下王国未被勘探。when 当…时候；while 当…时候；since 因为，既
然；although 虽然。根据题意，故选C。
172．考查名词辨析。句意：它们的深度可以治愈许多疾病，解决许多问题。areas 面积；widths 宽度，广度；amounts
量，数量；depths 深度，深处。根据“over 95 percent of the underwater kingdom remains unexplored,” 超过95%的水
下王国未被勘探。可知水下王国因为深度未被勘探。根据题意，故选D。
173．考查动词辨析。句意：然而，世界上多达40%的海洋受到人类活动的严重影响，导致污染、过度捕捞和沿海
生境的丧失。destroyed 毁灭；exploited 剥削，开采；affected 影响；explored 勘查，探测。根据“that result in pollution”
造成污染。可知海洋受到人类活动的影响。根据题意，故选C。
174．考查名词辨析。句意：特别令人关注的是塑料垃圾。activity 活动；concern 涉及；reason 原因；cause 原因，
动机。根据题意，故选B。
175．考查名词辨析。句意：其中一些来自于通过我们的河流、湖泊和海洋的船只，最后流入海洋。ships 船；vehicles
车辆；cars 汽车；travelers 旅行支票，旅行信用卡。根据“that use our rivers, lakes and seas”在河流、湖泊和海洋上，
可推知是船只通行。根据题意，故选A。
176．考查副词辨析。句意：其中一些来自于使用我们的河流、湖泊和海洋的船只，最后流入海洋。naturally 自然地；
controversially 引起争议地，争议地；evidently 明显地，显而易见；eventually 终究，终于。根据题意，故选D。
177．考查副词辨析。句意：但是每年都有大量的土地流入海洋。much 非常；many 许多；some 一些；little 不多，
少许。根据题意，故选A。
178．考查形容词辨析。句意：我们必须牢记，海洋的健康和安全是我们共同的责任，我们不能忽视这一责任。individual
个人的；national 国家的；common
共同的，普通的；alternative 替代的。根据“our”我们，可知这是我们共同的
责任。根据题意，故选C。
179．考查连词辨析。句意：我们必须牢记，海洋的健康和安全是我们共同的责任，我们不能忽视这一责任。Then
然后；And 和；So 所以；Only 仅仅。根据“can we”句中使用倒装句，可推知使用only 强调句。根据题意，故选
D。
180．考查动词辨析。句意：只有通过良好的管理，我们才能保障海洋的健康，确保海洋继续满足后代的需要。promise
允诺，许诺；insure 确保，保证；foresee 预知，预见；subscribe 捐赠。根据题意，故选B。
5.【河南省豫南九校2017 届高三下学期质量考评（五）】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个
选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
That holiday morning I didn’t have to attend school. Usually, on holidays, Mother______me
to sleep in. And I would certainly take full advantage of it. On this particular
morning,
________,I felt like getting up early.
I stood by my window overlooking the ________, having nothing better to do. But as it turned
out, I was soon to learn about something ________ in life.
As I watched several people go by, get into their cars and go off, I ________ an old man
on a bicycle with a bucket on its ________ and a basket rags and bottles on its back-carriage.
He ________ from one car to another, washing and cleaning them. From the water on the ground,
it seemed that he had already ________ washing and cleaning about a dozen or more cars. He
must have begun to work quite early in the morning.
Several thoughts ________my mind as I watched him work. He wasn’t well-dressed. He had on
a pair of shorts and a(n) ________ T-shirt. The bicycle he rode was not by any means the
kind modern ________would want to be seen riding on. But he seemed________ with life. There
he was, working hard at his small business, ________ at passers-by and stopping to chat now
and then ________ elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby.
There was a noticeable touch of________ in the way he seemed to be doing things— ________the
windscreen, then standing back to admire it; scrubbing the wheels and ________, standing
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第81页，总92页
back to see what they look like after the scrub.
It was a ________ to learn, I felt. At no age need one have to beg for a ________if one has
good health and is willing to work hard. For a while I felt _______ of myself. Young as I
am—just sixteen, and there was this old man who must have been usefully engaged perhaps
before the sun appeared above the horizon.
10 .A．forces
B．allows
C．causes
D．forbids
11 .A．otherwise
B．therefore
C．however
D．besides
12 .A．parking lot
B．bus stop
C．school
D．market
13 .A．interesting
B．surprising
C．awful
D．useful
14 .A．noticed
B．recognized
C．called
D．assisted
15 .A．back
B．handle
C．wheel
D．seat
16 .A．searched
B．left
C．moved
D．wandered
17 .A．stopped
B．started
C．intended
D．finished
18 .A．crossed
B．slipped
C．disturbed
D．inspired
19 .A．attractive
B．shiny
C．simple
D．expensive
20 .A．repairmen
B．businessmen
C．drivers
D．cyclists
21 .A．busy
B．content
C．careful
D．bored
22 .A．waving
B．looking
C．laughing
D．pointing
23 .A．about
B．for
C．with
D．like
24 .A．worry
B．respect
C．sympathy
D．pride
25 .A．cleaning
B．fixing
C．replacing
D．covering
26 .A．still
B．yet
C．again
D．soon
27 .A．lesson
B．subject
C．skill
D．fact
28 .A．business
B．living
C．success
D．right
29 .A．tired
B．doubtful
C．fearful
D．ashamed
181．B
182．C
183．A
184．D
185．A
186．B
187．C
188．D
189．A
190．C
191．D
192．B
193．A
194．C
195．D
196．A
197．C
198．A
199．B
200．D
【解析】试题分析：某假日的早晨，作者起得早早的。窗外停车场上，一位普通洗车工忙碌而怡然自得的情景令他
悟得人生之真谛：身体棒，肯劳动，就会成为有用之人！
181．B 考查动词。A．forces 强迫；B．allows 允许；C．causes 引起；D．forbids 禁止。假日不用上学，所以母亲允
许我睡懒觉。forbid 禁止。不符合文章语义。故选B。
182．C 考查副词。A．otherwise 要不然的话；B．therefore 因此；C．however 然而；D．besides 另外。在这一天，
我一反常态，起得早早的。与上文含对比转折之意。所以选however.
183．A 考查名词。A．parking lot 停车场；B．bus stop 公共汽车站；C．school 学校；D．market 市场。由第三段第
一句和下文洗车工忙碌的介绍可推测作者俯瞰窗外的停车场。故选A。
184．D 考查形容词。A．interesting 有趣的；B．surprising 令人惊讶的；C．awful 可怕的；D．useful 有用的。从最
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第82页，总92页
后一段看出作者通过观察普通洗车工忙碌而怡然自得的情形感悟到人有着勤劳而健康的双手就会成为有用之人。这
确实是有益的一课。故选D。
185．A 考查动词。A．noticed 注意到；B．recognized 意识到；C．called 呼叫；D．assisted 帮助。在忙绿而有序的
洗车场上作者注意到一位前来洗车骑着单车的老人。故选A。
186．B 考查名词。A．back 背部；B．handle 把手；C．wheel 轮子；D．seat 座位。描绘洗车工自行车的扶手上挂着
一只水桶，后车架上载着抹布和装水的瓶瓶罐罐。Handle 有“手柄，车把”之意。故选B。
187．C 考查动词。A．searched 寻找；B．left 离开；C．moved 移动；D．wandered 徘徊。洗车时当然从一辆车洗
到另一辆车。有“move “之意。故选C。
188．D 考查动词。A．stopped 停止；B．started 开始；C．intended 打算；D．finished 完成。从文章描述淌满地的
水，可以看出洗车工已洗完十二三辆车之多。故用finish.
189．A 考查动词。A．crossed 穿过；B．slipped 滑动；C．disturbed 干扰；D．inspired 鼓舞。作者看到洗车工工作
专注而勤劳的情形，脑子里闪过一些想法。A 项符合语境。
190．C 考查形容词。A．attractive 具有吸引力的；B．shiny 有光泽的；C．simple 简单的；D．expensive 昂贵的。由
第四段首句得知，洗车工穿着纯朴，简单。一条休闲短裤和简朴的T 血衫。故选C。
191．D 考查名词。A．repairmen 修理工；B．businessmen 生意人；C．drivers 司机；D．cyclists 骑自行车的人。洗
车工用的车绝不是专业自行车骑手所用的一类。Cyclists 指自行车赛手。故选D。
192．B 考查形容词。A．busy 忙碌的；B．content 满意的；C．careful 细心的；D．bored 感到厌烦的。be content with
表示“对……满意”。根据文章所述，洗车工虽忙碌辛苦却对此活得怡然自得。故选B。
193．A 考查动词。A．waving 挥动；B．looking 看；C．laughing 大笑；D．pointing 指向。描述洗车工工作时时而向
过路人挥手，时而停下手中活与去市场的老人小叙一番。一种怡然自得的自在。故选A。
194．C 考查介词。chat…with sb 表与某人闲聊。故选C。
195．D 考查名词。A．worry 担忧；B．respect 尊重；C．sympathy 同情；D．pride 自豪。根据下文描述洗车工擦完
挡风玻璃时而“admire”一番，洗完车轮后时而“apprieciate”一番，一股自豪（pride）满意之情溢于言表。故选D。
196．A 考查动词。A．cleaning 打扫；B．fixing 固定，安装；C．replacing 替代；D．covering 覆盖。由后文的分号和
scrubbing 综合得知此处用scrubbing 的同义词。故选A。
197．C 考查副词。A．still 仍然；B．yet 还；C．again 又；D．soon 不久。前文说洗车工擦洗完挡风玻璃，就“standing
back to admire it ”；当然洗干净车轮后又“standing back”to see…。故选C。
198．A 考查名词。A．lesson 功课；B．subject 科目；C．skill 技能；D．fact 事实。自此前文叙述作者看到洗车工感
人而令人遐思的忙碌又怡然自得的场景。恍如给作者上了一堂人生之课。故选A。
199．B 考查名词。A．business 生意；B．living 生活；C．success 成功；D．right 权利。作者得出的人生真谛——
有着健康的身体和勤劳的双手，任何年龄段的人都不应该为谋生而乞讨（过着不劳而获的生活）。故选B。
200．D 考查形容词。A．tired 劳累的；B．doubtful 可疑的；C．fearful 可怕的；D．ashamed 羞愧的。作者为自己的
这么年轻而无所事事感到羞愧。故选D。
【名师点拨】
1.在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more 等词汇、固
定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前
后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。【小题2】C 考查副词。A．otherwise 要不然的话；
B．therefore 因此；C．however 然而；D．besides 另外。在这一天，我一反常态，起得早早的。与上文含对比转折
之意。所以选however.
2. 上下文对照，抓关键词。
解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要阅读下句或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照，即在上
文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。
【小题17】C 考查副词。A．still 仍然；B．yet 还；C．again 又；D．soon 不久。前文说洗车工擦洗完挡风玻璃，就
“standing back to admire it ”；当然洗干净车轮后又“standing back”to see…。故选C。
考点：考查日常生活类阅读
资料正文内容开始>>
专题7 阅读理解——广告应用文
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第83页，总92页
方法与技巧
广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。
广告应用文的特点：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。广告类阅读材料的用词有以下“三多”特点：
一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。
命题形式：
广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重命题者的
目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。
解题技巧：
解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
一般来说，广告信息类阅读文章的内容丰富，如产品广告、招聘广告、风景名胜介绍、房房屋出租、
招生广告、演出广告、节目介绍等。广告类阅读理解的突出特点是题干长、信息量丰富，所以该文体
通常以细节理解题为主要题型；命题所涉及的信息往往具有位置分散、覆盖面广等特点。
在解决广告类阅读文章的细节解题时，考生要能迅速捕捉和解题相关的有效信息，通过分析、比较、
归纳和推理等手段选出正确答案，排除不符合题意和文意的选项。根据广告类阅读文章信息量大的特
点，考生可以先浏览文章后面的问题，然后带着问题看文章，这样，在阅读过程中可以大胆忽略和解
题无关的信息，快速抓住有效信息，以达到正确解题的目的。
广告应用文阅读是高考阅读理解中难度最低的一种题型，这是必须得满分的试题。对待这种题一定要
稳扎稳打，力争得满分。
体验高考
1.[2017·北京卷]
Inspiring young minds!
TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas
and good fun to young fans every month.
What
is
so
special
about
TOKNOW
magazine?
Well, it has no ads or promotions inside —
instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas.
TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive
and accessible to children, who can become
involved in advanced concepts and even
philosophy（哲学）— and they will soon
discover that TOKNOW feels more like a
club than just a magazine.
What’s inside?
Every month the magazine introduces a fresh
new topic with articles, experiments and
creative things to make — the magazine also
explores philosophy and wellbeing to make
sure young readers have a balanced take on
life.
Sounds too good to be true?
Take a look online—evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and
recommend TOKNOW to their friends.
Happy Birthday All Year!
What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift
message will arrive in time for the special day.
SUBSCRIBE NOW
Annual Subscription
Europe £55
Rest of World £65
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第84页，总92页
Annual Subscription with Gift Pack
Includes a Mammoth Map, a Passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription
Europe £60
Rest of World £70
Refund Policy — the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.
1．Why is TOKNOW a special magazine?
A．It entertains young parents.
B．It provides serious advertisements.
C．It publishes popular science fictions.
D．It combines fun with complex concepts.
2．What does TOKNOW offer its readers?
A．Online courses.
B．Articles on new topics.
C．Lectures on a balanced life.
D．Reports on scientific discoveries.
3．How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?
A．£55.
B．£60.
C．£65.
D．£70.
4．Subscribers of TOKNOW would get
.
A．free birthday presents
B．full refund within 28 days
C．membership of the TOKNOW club
D．chances to meet the experts in person
2.[2017·江苏卷]A
CHRONOLOGICA
——The Unbelievable Years that Defined History
DID YOU KNOW…
In 105 AD paper was invented in China?
When Columbus discovered the New World?
The British Museum opened in 1759?
CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet. Along
the way are tales of kings and queens, hot air balloons…and monkeys in space.
Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as
good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather
unfortunate record.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第85页，总92页
CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining
tour into history, beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts. While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous
people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great, this book also gives an account of the lives of
lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.
This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to present even the
biggest history lover with something new!
5．What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?
A．A biography.
B．A travel guide.
C．A history book.
D．A science fiction.
6．How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?
A．By giving details of its collection.
B．By introducing some of its contents.
C．By telling stories at the beginning.
D．By comparing it with other books.
3.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]A
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir
to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.
◆Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in
addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific
Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information
Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.
ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math
and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science
education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we
cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish
pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
7．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A．In Building 1.
B．In Building 3.
C．At the last Dome.
D．At the Denny Way entrance.
8．What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A．Train Science teachers.
B．Distribute science books.
C．Distribute scientific research.
D．Take science to the classroom.
9．What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第86页，总92页
A．To encourage donations.
B．To advertise coming events.
C．To introduce special exhibits.
D．To tell about the Center’s history.
4.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]A
In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in
their language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.
National Theatre Of China
Beijing｜Chinese
This great occasion（盛会）will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the
new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s
Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.
Date & Time: Saturday 28 April, 2.30 pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30 pm & 6.30 pm
Marjanishvili Theatre
Tbilisi｜Georgian
One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all
over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed（指导）by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.
Date & Time: Friday 18 May, 2.30 pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30 pm
Deafinitely Theatre
London｜British Sign
Language（BSL）
By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre
creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by
performing to both groups as one audience.
Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30 pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7.30 pm
Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv｜Hebrew
The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide, Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the
company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s, Since 1958, they have been recognized as the national theatre of
Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.
Date & Time: Monday 28 May, 7.30 & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30 pm
10．Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?
A．RichardⅢ.
B．Lover’s Labour’s Lost.
C．As You Like It.
D．The Merchant of Venice.
11．What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?
A．It has two groups of actors.
B．It is the leading theatre in London.
C．It performs plays in BSL.
D．It is good at producing comedies.
12．When can you see a play in Hebrew?
A．On Saturday 28 April.
B．On Sunday 29 April.
C．On Tuesday 22 May.
D．On Tuesday 29 May.
5.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]A
模拟新题精选
1.【湖北八校2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】A
2.【广东七校联合体2018 届高三第二次联考试】A
BKLYN House Hotel
This hotel features works by Brooklyn artists. The 116 rooms are good value and Manhattan is only 20 minutes away by taxi
or subway. The immediate surroundings feel urban — the hotel is by a high-rise public housing project while the nearest
commercial street is under elevated(高的) subway tracks — but Bushwick’s best bars and cafes / restaurants are nearby.
Doubles from $99, room only. Tel: 718 388 4433
Archer Hotel
Visitors eager to stay in the heart of Manhattan should try one of the bargain-priced rooms at this hotel. Rates vary from
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第87页，总92页
great value to expensive; some start from as low as $179 a night (if prepaying in full). Rooms are small but tasteful, with
nice touches such as exposed brick. Some have close-up views of the Empire State Building.
Doubles from $199, room only. Tel: 212 719 4100
Pod 39 Hotel
In an elegant brick building in Manhattan’s Murray Hill, this excellent budget option opened following the success of its
sister hotel, The Pod. The rooms are called pods given for their small size and may not suit everyone. But with prices among
the most competitive in Manhattan, budgeters will be happy.
Doubles from $95, room only. Tel: 212 865 5700
CitizenM New York Times Square
This is the first US location for a Netherlands-based concept hotel chain — CitizenM. The hotel features self check-in at its
230 little but comfortable rooms via touch screen “MoodPads”. There’s a rooftop bar, a 24-hour grab-and-go cafeteria and
an area with public iMac workspaces. Although New Yorkers avoid nearby Times Square, all the lights, cameras and action
can make it a fun tourist experience.
Doubles from $170, room only. Tel: 212 319 7000
13．What can we know about BKLYN House Hotel?
A．It has the most rooms.
B．It is located in Manhattan.
C．It is Bushwick’s best hotel.
D．It is decorated with some art works.
14．What is the advantage of living in CitizenM New York Times Square?
A．Regulars can enjoy a certain discount.
B．Visitors will get a “MoodPads” as a gift.
C．Visitors can enjoy themselves in a rooftop bar.
D．Visitors can have a good view of the Empire State Building.
15．Which hotel might attract those who have a tight budget?
A．Archer Hotel.
B．Pod 39 Hotel.
C．BKLYN House Hotel.
D．CitizenM New York Times Square.
16．Which number should you call if you want to live in the heart of Manhattan?
A．212 319 7000.
B．718 388 4433.
C．212 865 5700.
D．212 719 4100.
3.【东北三省三校2017 届高三第二次联合模拟】B
Hong Kong Biking Tour
Hong Kong Biking Tour includes a visit to an age-old walled village, a mysterious tree house and a world-class bird reserve.
You will cycle to the south of the Mai Po Reserve, where thousands of migratory birds spend the winter. Then it is on to
Yuen Long Restaurant for lunch. The full version of the tour continues through more wetlands around Deep Bay and the Lau
Fau Shan fishing village. The day concludes with an optional two or three hours’ visit to the Hong Kong Wetland Park.
Frequency
Every Wednesday and Saturday from January 2017 to August 2017
Time/Duration
9 am to 2 pm/5 pm (5-8 hours) for full version
9 am to noon (3 hours) for short version
Language
English (French/Spanish/Chinese on request)
Tour Price
HK $ 700 (full version) per person
HK $ 550 (short version) per person (minimum 4 people)
Cycling Time
Approx. 4 hours
Cycling Distance
28 km maximum
Difficulty
Easy
Enquiries
+ 85224549191
bikehongkong@ mountainbikingasia. com
17．You can choose to go on this biking tour on _______.
A．Thurs, August 10, 2017
B．Tues, April 11, 2017
C．Wed, September 6, 2017
D．Sat, February 18, 2017
18．If four adults go on the biking tour, they will pay at least ______ in total.
A．HK $ 2200
B．HK $ 2800
C．HK $ 700
D．HK $ 550
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第88页，总92页
19．Who will most probably sign up for the tour?
A．A young couple who are fond of fashion.
B．An old man who likes fishing and hunting.
C．A college student who is fascinated by nature.
D．A high school girl who is interested in transportation.
4.【安徽省皖西南名校2018 年高三阶段性检测联考】A
The Cheap Tickets Offseason Mountain Getaway Guide
Stowe, Vermont offers periods to those looking to escape the heat during the clog days of summer. From zip lining and rock
climbing to golf and horseback riding, Stowe makes a great getaway for the active traveler. Also, you can take in excellent
views of the area from the newly refreshed Stowe Gondola SkyRide.
3 nights at the 3-star Butler House from $452.
Park City, Utah is part of a new summer experience. Travelers can bring a little winter fun to the warmer months and tube
down the landing hill of a Nordic Ski Jump that is coated to make the experience as smooth a8 sliding down snow. Looking
for something a little slower paced? Take a trip on a hot air balloon and take in the magnificent Wasatch Mountains.
3 nights at the 4-star Silverado Lodge, Canyons Village from $480.
Mammoth Lakes, California Check out Minaret Vista fur one of the best views of California1 s Sierra Nevada range or
bounce in a boat to explore Mono Lake, which happens to sit on one of the biggest bird migratory (迁徙) paths in North
America. There is no shortage of summer activities for every type of traveler.
3 nights at the 4-star Mammoth Estates Rentals from $468.
Winter Park, Colorado is what summers are for: Racing down all 3,000 feet and 26 turns of Colorado’s longest alpine (高山
的) slide. If that’s not your taste, Winter Park has at least one warm-weather activity for all. The mountains are blanketed in
the Arapaho National Forest, where I you can hike and mountain bike all day. And for a quiet morning in the sun, enjoy
fly-fishing trip or round at Pole Creek Golf Club.
3 nights at the 3.5-star Frasier Crossing Founders Point from $467.
Special Attention: 20% off hotels booking before June 30.
20．Where can you get the best views of the scenery from the air?
A．Stowe & Mammoth Lakes.
B．Winter Park & Park City.
C．Stowe & Park City.
D．Winter Park & Mammoth Lakes.
21．What activity does Park City offer you?
A．You can ski on the artificial slideway.
B．You can slide down the white snow.
C．You can take a hot air balloon to Wasatch Mountains.
D．You can spend your warmer days in cold mountains.
22．The passage is best suitable for those who ________.
A．want to escape the busy city life
B．want to do hiking or bike riding
C．only like the scenery of mountains
D．want to spend their summer vacation
23．How much should you pay for the cheapest but best hotel if your parents want to travel there?
A．$723.2.
B．$748.8.
C．$768.
D．$747.2.
5.【河南省豫北豫南名校2018 届高三上学期第二次联考】A
Eames House
In the 1940s, with a wave of American soldiers’ heading home from World War II, the magazine Arts or Architecture hoped
to drum up interest in a new form of mass housing that was inexpensive and easy to construct from exiting materials. The
magazine approached designers and architects like Richard Neutra, Eero Saarinen, and Charles and Ray Eames to come up
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第89页，总92页
with plans for modern house, and the magazine would publish them.
The idea was that the blueprints would vary according to a family’s individual needs. Charles and Ray Eames chose to
design for their own situation----a working couple that needed a house and space for working, but had no children at home.
The result was Case Study House No. 8 in Pacific Palisades, Calif, where the Eameses made their home.
The family has stayed in the house and it is home to the Eames Office, which promotes the continuation of both Charles’s
and Ray’s ideas. The outside of the house and studio has been open to self-guided tours for years. Not so the inside, which is
filled with Eames-designed artwork and furniture.
Reservations: Reservations are required. Please call 310-459-9663 at least 48 hours in advance of you visit.
Visiting Hours:
Monday: 10:00 a. m.—4: p. m.
Tuesdays: 10:00 a. m.-----4: p. m.
Wednesdays: CLOSED
Thursdays: 10:00 a. m.-----4: p. m.
Fridays: 10:00 a. m.-----4: p. m.
Saturdays: 10:00 a. m.-----4: p. m.
Sundays: CLOSED
Admission: $10; students and children are free.
Group Visits: group with 10+ vistors must make an appointment. Ideally the size of the group should be limited to 25
people.
24．Eames House was designed to meet____________.
A．an American soldier’s needs
B．Charles and Ray Eames’s needs
C．the needs of a non-working couple
D．the needs of a couple with children
25．Eames House is closed on ___________.
A．Tuesdays and Fridays
B．Mondays and Sundays
C．Thursdays and Saturdays
D．Wednesdays and Sundays
26．How much would two adults and two kids need to pay to visit Eames House?
A．$10
B．$20
C．$30
D．$40
6.【广东省五校2018 届高三12 月联考】A
The Whizzfizzing Festival
One of the “Home Counties” to the north and west of London, Buckinghamshire is known for the rolling Chiltern Hills, its
pretty villages, and the much-loved children’s author Roald Dahl.
The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matildo and The Big Friendly Giant is the
inspiration for the Whizzfizzing festival—which will transform the market-town of Aylesbury into all kinds of music, colour
and fun on Saturday, 1 July.
Formerly known as The Roald Dahl Festival, this year’s event will celebrate a broad range of children’s films and bring to
life some of its best-loved characters—from Alice in Wonderland and the Gruffalo to The Big Friendly Giant and Harry
Potter.
Things to see and do
The festivities start all 11 am with a colourful children’s parade. More than 650 local school children and teachers, many in
fancy dress, will march through the town carrying giant carnival puppets, with thousands of audiences lining the streets to
watch.
The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and workshops held in main streets across the town.
Don’t be late for the Mad Hatters Tea Party in the Bucks Country Museum. Catch a splendid screening of a Roald Dahl
movie in the Old Court House, watch leading children’s authors, including Julian Clary, and give readings in the Market
Square.
With hands on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress competition, street theatre and more,
there is something for everyone.
For more information, visit:
https://www.aylesburyualedc.gov.uk/ aylesbury-whizzfizzing-festival-inspired-roald-dohl
27．Who will show special interest in the whizzfizzing Festival?
A．Children.
B．Film stars.
C．Publishers.
D．Children’s authors.
28．Which film was made from Roald Dahl’s works?
A．Gruf falo
B．Harry Potter
C．Alice in Wonderland
D．The Big Friendly Giant
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第90页，总92页
29．Which of the following best describes the Whizzfizzing Festival?
A．Various.
B．Global.
C．Serious.
D．Ordinary.
7.【四川省德阳市2018 届高三一诊】A
When it comes to bucket-list（遗愿清单）adventures, swimming with sharks is near the top for a lot of adrenaline junkies.
Many of the adventures on the list require scuba diving, but at some locations, even non-divers with a desire to get up close
and personal with the top of the food chain can jump in and face their fears.
Bahamas
I don't want to scare the non-shark lovers away from the beauty of the Bahamas, but there are sharks out there. From least
scary to the most, here's where to get your Bahamian shark fix.
Compass Cay Marina is home to a large number of well-fed, friendly nurse sharks. In case you don't know it, a nurse shark
is more like a giant catfish than a great white. You can walk right into the shallow water near the fish-cleaning station and
pet these gentle guys.
Stuart Cove's in Nassau has been doing shark dives safely for decades. Caribbean reef sharks feed on fish-on-a-stick as
divers kneel in the sand in awe. Reef sharks are some of the least aggressive species of shark.
As your fear subsides and you crave more sharks and more excitement, check out the folks at Jim Abernethy's Scuba
Adventures in Fort Lauderdale. They operate live-aboard dive boats with regularly scheduled shark trips in the Bahamas.
Expect to see tigers and hammerheads, as well as the Caribbean reef sharks.
Hawaii
There are several shark species in the Pacific waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands. Sightings of tigers, hammerheads,
blues, and even great whites are not all that uncommon.
And While divers can expect to see these guys almost anywhere while diving in Hawaii, the Oahu's North Shore is the place
to be for cage diving. Hawaii Shark Encounters takes shark education seriously and strives to educate customers about the
need for shark conservation while providing a thrilling swim with sharks inside the safety of a cage. No diving skills are
required－just bring your courage.
Fiji
Scuba diving in Fiji is a definite bucket-list adventure for many divers－and the fish many hope to see most is shark. Beqa
Adventure Divers can make that happen for you. Sharks are protected in the Shark Reef Marine Reserve, so no worries
about questionable practices. This is an uncaged dive, but per the company's website, it is a carefully managed feed, where
participants observe, but do not interact（互动）with the sharks.
Guadalupe Island
Home to a large population of great whites, the waters off the Mexico's Baja coast, attract divers willing to brave cold
Pacific waters for some time in a cage watching the top fish of the ocean
Nautilus Live Aboards operates six-day adventures from July to November using submersible（能在水下操作的）cages
that descend to about 9 meters for a better opportunity to observe the sharks. You meet the expedition in San Diego, motor
to Ensenada, cruise to Guadalupe, then spend three full days in the cages watching the predators. Non-divers are allowed, as
air is supplied by hoses attached to the boat, but a minimum of a Discover Scuba course is recommended.
30．How many kinds of sharks are mentioned in this passage?
A．Three.
B．Four.
C．Five.
D．Six.
31．According to the passage, where can you interact with sharks?
A．In Bahamas.
B．In Hawaii.
C．In Fiji.
D．In Guadalupe Island.
32．We can learn from the text that
.
A．great whites can be seen mostly in Bahamas
B．caged diving is safer than uncaged diving
C．tigers are more dangerous than reef sharks
D．skills as well as courage are needed for cage diving in Hawaii
8.【福建省百所重点校2018 届高三年上学期联合考试】A
Welcome to AMDA
Your future in the performing arts doesn’t have to be a dream. For over 50 years, AMDA has launched some of the most
successful careers in theatre, film and television. AMDA creates industry professionals who don’t just wait for life to
happen—they stage their own career path. Now it’s your turn.
Program description
At AMDA, we believe a performer must perform. From the first day, you’ll find many performance opportunities in the
three core areas of acting, musical theatre and dance, both in and out of the classroom, plus individual voice lessons. Over
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第91页，总92页
the course of your four semesters (学期), you’ll also improve your performance technique through an intensive curriculum
that focuses on both foundational and advanced concepts in acting, musical theatre and dance. Finally, through courses in
career preparation, you’ll learn how to apply all of this training to a successful career on stage and screen.
Philosophy and mission
AMDA is committed to providing a splendid performing arts education to a diverse community of creative artists. AMDA
serves as both school and stage, where students are given the support and opportunity to identify their own personal
objectives and to develop and improve their own distinctive artistic voices. AMDA tries to create an environment for
students to develop the skills, confidence, imagination, and power to contribute to their community as artists, businesspeople,
lifelong learners, and hard-working citizens of the world Above all, AMDA wants to teach students that commitment and
passion are the marks of a successful and joyous career.
Registration
6305 Yucca Street Los Angeles
800-367-7908
https: //www.amda.edu
33．What is the curriculum of AMDA about?
A．Drawing.
B．Philosophy.
C．Performing.
D．Photography.
34．How long does the course last?
A．One semester.
B．Two years.
C．Three semesters.
D．Four years.
35．What can students learn in AMDA?
A．How to sing beautifully.
B．How to train a performer.
C．The way to build a stage.
D．The way to be a director.
9.【广东省化州市2018 届高三上学期第二次高考模拟】A
Imagine yourself on the other side of the college admissions desk. It’s not so glorious, apparently. At the very least, you
need to be good-natured. Joseph Connolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United States, wanted to
know the things that annoy admissions officers the most. He sent out a request to members of the National Association for
College Admissions Counselors and received hundreds of responses. Apparently, college admissions officers were waiting
for an opportunity to unload their frustrations. The responses fall into several areas:
●Communication
-Silly or stupid email addresses; sending emails that use texting shorthand, such as “im w8ing 4 somel 2 call me.”
-Leaving a message with just a first name and no telephone number. For example, “Hi, this is Suzie. Please call me back.”
-Acting distracted during a one-on-one interview; nervous habits like foot-tapping or “um”, “like” and “you know”, which
make a bad situation worse.
-Not responding to emails from the admissions office.
●Over-involved parents
-The very common comment from parents, “We are in the process of completing applications.”
-Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their children.
●Essays
-Not identifying which question they are responding to.
-Writing about something they were great at in the seventh grade but haven’t pursued since then.
36．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To complain about the process of college application.
B．To provide tips for college students in achieving high grades.
C．To list unwelcome behaviors in college application.
D．To prove that admission officers are under great pressure.
37．Which behavior may leave admission consolers a bad impression?
A．To use inappropriate and incomplete language.
B．To leave a complete telephone number.
C．To focus on the interview and stay calm.
D．To reply to e-mails quickly.
38．What should parents avoid doing in an interview?
A．Letting kids to fill in the application form.
B．Attending the interview on time.
C．Getting dressed neatly for the interview.
D．Answering questions for their kids.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
试卷第92页，总92页
10.【重庆市第一中学2018 届高三12 月月考】A
Support Worker
Do you have the ability to care for others? Can you understand how older people feel? Are you a good communicator? Do
you have good listening skills? Can you work weekends?
If you have answered YES to the above, we would like to hear from you:
Contact us at careers@golden-care.com
Trainee Hairdresser
Full time--40 hours per week; permanent.
You will work 40 hours a week Monday to Saturday. Your responsibilities will include: welcoming clients，washing hair,
bringing coffee and tea to customers, and keeping the salon clean and tidy at all times.
No previous experience is necessary.
Contact us at cathv@cut-above.brighton.com
Writers wanted
Wowee Magazine is looking for writers working 5 days a week for its website. Pay is based on the number of people who
read your articles. You may also receive free tickets to events and free products to test. This is a great opportunity to get
valuable work experience.
We want people who are: interesting, passionate, skilled.
Contact us at info@wowee.com
Model
Think you could be a model? If so, we’d like to meet you! Working as a successful fashion model isn’t easy but it is very
exciting and could be a great opportunity.
Girls should be over 16 with a minimum height of 172cm and boys should have a minimum height of 182cm. If you are
under 16 and do not yet have the required height, we would still be interested in meeting you, but you must bring a parent.
Contact us at info@top-model-agency.uk
Work for Coffee Beans
Join Britain’s number one cafe at Coffee Beans, where every cafe has the same aims: to create family-like teams and to give
excellent customer service.
Many different kinds of people come and work with us, so start your career at Coffee Beans:
--choose the hours you work
-- get management experience
--share your love of coffee
Contact us at jobs@coffeebeans.co.uk
39．If you are good at communicating, you can apply to be a
.
A．support worker
B．model
C．trainee hairdresser
D．writer
40．If you want to work flexible hours, you should contact
.
A．careers@golden-care.com
B．cathv@cut-above.brighton.com
C．info@wowee.com
D．jobs@coffeebeans.co.uk
41．In which section of a newspaper can you find this article?
A．Society.
B．Campus.
C．Advertisement.
D．Travel.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
参考答案
1．D
2．B
3．D
4．B
【解析】文章介绍了TOKNOW 杂志的特点、内容、价格及订阅方式。
1．D
细节推理题。根据第一个方框中TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become
involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy(哲学）-and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a
club than just a magazine.可知，TOKNOW 将复杂先进的思想和娱乐结合，更有趣易懂。故选D。
2．B
细节推理题。根据第二个方框中杂志内容Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles,
experiments and creative things 可知，杂志每月都介绍新话题，故选B。
3．D
细节推理题。根据□Annual Subscription with Gift Pack
Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and
Subscription
Europe £60
Rest of World £70 可知，中国属于世界其他地方，订阅一年的价格是£70，故选D。
4．B
细节推理题。根据最后一段Refund Policy-the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money
back.可知，退订可以在28 天内完成，拿回订阅的钱。故选B。
【名师点睛】
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。事实和细节题的命题特点是：
对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在
原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1. 略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；文章介绍了TOKNOW 杂志的特点、内容、价格及订阅方式。
2. 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己
所需要的事实；
3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，
仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1 考查杂志的特殊之处，根据第一个方框中TOKNOW makes complex ideas
attractive and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy(哲学）-and they
will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.可知，TOKNOW 将复杂先进的思想和娱乐
结合，更有趣易懂。小题2 考查杂志的内容，根据第二个方框中杂志内容Every month the magazine introduces a fresh
new topic with articles, experiments and creative things 可知，杂志每月都介绍新话题。小题3 考查订阅的价格，根据
□Annual Subscription with Gift Pack
Includes a Mammoth Map,a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription
Europe
£60
Rest of World £70 可知中国属于世界其他地方，订阅一年的价格是£70.小题4 根据最后一段Refund Policy-the
subscription can be can celled within 28 days and you can get your money back.可知退订可以在28 天内完成，拿回订阅
的钱。
5．C
6．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了历史书CHRONOLOGICA 的内容、特点、阅读对象等。
5．C 细节理解题。根据根据第三段第二句While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in
history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great, this book also gives an account of the lives of
lesser-known individuals including the explorer Munge Park and scultor
Gulzon Borglum.和第四段第五
行“this book also gives an account of the lives…”可判断“Chronologica”是本书：文章副标题“The
Unbelievable Years that Defined History” （难以置信的定义历史的年份）、第四段第一句
“CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history（这一完整却简洁的历史集）”等
都可看出这本书与历史有关可知，CHRONOLOGICA 是一本历史书，故选C 项。
6．B 写作方法题。写作方法题。通读全文可知，本文首段介绍该书内容，接着说明该书的时间跨度，
其中含有对罗马皇帝等内容的介绍，据此可知，该书是通过介绍内容的方法向读者推荐的。故B 项正
确。
7．B
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
8．D
9．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，
并展示了Pacific Science Center 为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。
7．B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the
Laster Dome.可知，Pacific Science Center 的购物点在Laster Dome 旁边的3 号楼的楼上。故选B。
8．D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people
a year and beings inquiry based science education to classrooms and company events all over Washington
State 可知，现在Pacific Science Center 每年向130 多万人提供服务，并开始把科学教育带到教室。故
选D。
9．A 写作意图题。根据文章最后一段Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support
Pacific Science Center.可知，作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供帮助，
做贡献。故选A。
10．A
11．C
12．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是，莎士比亚的戏剧被翻译成几个国家的语言，并将在这些国
家的大剧院上映的这一事件。
10．细节理解题。根据“This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s
Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying”，可知Richard III 将要在中国国家大剧院上映。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据“Deafinitely Thertre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to
build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience” 可知，
Deafinitely Thertre 的特殊之处在于由两组演员。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据“Date Date&Time:Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm”可知，可以在5
月29 日，星期二这一天，在希伯来观看戏剧。故选D。
【名师点睛】
阅读理解旨在考查考生对于文章整体的理解与细节的把握与分析，要在了解整篇文章框架的基础上进
行选择。本文属于广告类短文，所考查三题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考
生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。
直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，
就能得分，属于低层次题。在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和
选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同
义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有
时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。
例如第21 题，根据题目“which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?”，
由题目中出现的关键信息the National Theatre of China，直接定位第一篇宣传广告，在文中找到
“This production ofShakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate
Director,Wang Xiaoying” 可知，Shakespeare’s Richard III 会在中国国家大剧院上映，故选A。
考点：考查广告类阅读。
13．D
14．C
15．B
16．D
【解析】本文介绍了纽约的几家便宜旅馆，包括其价格、特点以及周边的环境等。
13．D 细节理解题。根据文章This hotel features works by Brooklyn artists. 这家酒店以布鲁克林艺术家
的作品为特色。D 项符合文意，故选D。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
14．C 细节理解题。根据文章There’s a rooftop bar, a 24-hour grab-and-go cafeteria and an area with public
iMac workspaces.
有一个屋顶酒吧，一个24 小时的自助餐厅和一个有公共iMac 工作区的区域。可
知居住在CitizenM New York Times Square 的优势是这有一个屋顶酒吧，故选C。
15．B 细节理解题。根据文章But with prices among the most competitive in Manhattan, budgeters will be
happy. 但随着价格在曼哈顿最具竞争力，预算者将会很高兴。可知Pod 39 Hotel 对于预算比较紧的人
有吸引力。故选B。
16 ．D 细节理解题。根据文章Visitors eager to stay in the heart of Manhattan should try one of the
bargain-priced rooms at this hotel. 渴望住在曼哈顿市中心的游客应该去这家酒店的廉价房间，可知
Archer Hotel 位于曼哈顿市中心，Tel: 212 719 4100 电话是212 719 4100，故选D。
点睛：这篇文章是关于纽约几个旅馆的信息的。问题主要是细节理解题，只要认真阅读文章，明确定
位，就可以确定答案。
17．D
18．A
19．C
【解析】文章介绍了香港自行车旅行的行程安排，时间，票价，距离和联系方式等信息。
17．D 细节推理题。根据提供的时间Every Wednesday and Saturday from January 2017 to August 2017 可知，2017 年1
月到8 月的每个星期三和星期六都有旅行，四个选项中只有D 项Sat, February 18, 2017 符合要求，故选D。
18．A 细节推理题。根据旅游价格中HK $700 (full version) per person HK $550 (short version) per person (minimum 4
people)可知，如果4 个成年人去旅游最少的花费是：HK $550×4＝HK $2200，故选A。
19．C 推理判断题。根据第一段的旅游行程安排Hong Kong Biking Tour includes a visit to an age-old walled village, a
mysterious tree house and a world-class bird reserve.（包括参观一个古老的有围墙的村庄，一个神秘的树屋和一个世界
级的鸟类保护区。）可知，这些都是自然景观，适合喜欢大自然的人去旅游。故选C。
【名师点睛】
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特
别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括
直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或
整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1. 略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；本文介绍的是香港自行车旅行的行程安排，时间，票价，距离和联
系方式。
2. 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己
所需要的事实。
3. 将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，
仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1 根据提供的时间Every Wednesday and Saturday from January 2017 to
August 2017 可知，2017 年1 月到8 月的每个星期三和星期六都有旅行，四个选项中只有D 项Sat, February 18, 2017
符合要求，故选D。小题2 根据旅游价格中HK $ 700 (full version) per person HK $ 550 (short version) per person
(minimum 4 people)可知，如果4 个成年人去旅游最少的花费是：HK $ 550×4＝HK $ 2200，故选A。
20．C
21．A
22．D
23．B
【解析】文章主要介绍了夏季度假指南，介绍了不同的景点及价格。
20．细节理解题。根据“Also, you can take in excellent views of the area from the newly refreshed Stowe Gondola SkyRide.”
你还可以从Stowe Gondola SkyRide. 欣赏该地区的美景。以及“Take a trip on a hot air balloon and take in the
magnificent Wasatch Mountains.”乘坐热气球欣赏Wasatch Mountains 景色。根据题意，故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据“Travelers can bring a little winter fun to the warmer months and tube down the landing hill of a
Nordic Ski Jump that is coated to make the experience as smooth” 你可以在人造滑道上滑雪。根据题意，故选A。
22．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了夏季度假指南，介绍了不同的景点及价格。可知这篇文章主要针对于想要夏天度
假的人。根据题意，故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据“3 nights at the 4-star Silverado Lodge, Canyons Village from $480.” 3 晚4 星Silverado 的小屋，
峡谷村480 美元。根据“3 nights at the 4-star Mammoth Estates Rentals from $468.” 3 晚上的四星级猛犸地产468 美元。
通过计算468*2*0.8=748.8。根据题意，故选B。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
24．B
25．D
26．B
【解析】在上世纪40 年代，伴随着美国士兵从世界大战回家，艺术&建筑杂志希望激发起创建廉价和容易建造的大
众住宅形式的兴趣。
24．细节理解题。本题可以运用排除法，根据Charles and Ray Eames chose to design for their own situation----a working
couple that needed a house and space for working, but had no children at home. Charles and Ray Eames 得知根据自己情况
设计Eames House，他们是一对工薪阶层夫妇，没有孩子，可以排除A、C、D 两项。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据Wednesdays: CLOSED Sundays: CLOSED，可以得知周三、周日Eames House 不开放。故选
D。
26．细节理解题。本题题干问到2 个成年人和2 个儿童要花费多少钱，根据Admission: $10; students and children are
free.得知孩子免费，只需要购买两张成年人票。故选B。
27．A
28．D
29．A
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。介绍the Whizzfizzing Festival 节日的一些有关情况和主要活动项目。
27．推理判断题。根据文章第五段的内容The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and
workshops held in main streets across the town.可知，节日上有许多儿童活动和演出。因此推断孩子们会对这个节日感
兴趣。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段提到的“The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matildo
and The Big Friendly Giant is the inspiration for the Whizzfizzing festival”可知，The Big Friendly Giant 来自Roald Dahl
的作品。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With hands on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy
dress competition, street theatre and more, there is something for everyone.
”可知，在这个艺术节上有手工艺品工作室，讲故事的会议，现场音乐，高档服装比赛，街头戏剧等等活动，每个
人都可以找到自己喜欢的东西。因此推断，这个节日是“多方面的”。故选A。
30．D
31．A
32．C
【解析】文章介绍了几个和鲨鱼冒险潜水的地方和每个地方的特点。
30．D
细节推理题。文中提到了nurse sharks, Caribbean reef sharks, Sightings of tigers, great whites ,hammerheads, blues 等6
种鲨鱼，故选D.
31．A
细节推理题。根据Bahamas 中You can walk right into the shallow water near the fish-cleaning station and pet these gentle
guys.可知在这里可以直接走进浅水里，抚摸这些温柔的鲨鱼，可以和鲨鱼亲密接触。故选A.
32．C
细节推理题。根据Bahamas 中Reef sharks are some of the least aggressive species of shark.可知Reef sharks 是最不具攻
击性的鲨鱼种类之一，C 正确。故选C.
【名师点睛】
细节理解题是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落
中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，
而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；文章介绍了几个和鲨鱼冒险潜水的地方和每个地方的特点。
2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所
需要的事实；
3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，
仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题2 根据Bahamas 中You can walk right into the shallow water near the
fish-cleaning station and pet these gentle guys.可知在这里可以直接走进浅水里，抚摸这些温柔的鲨鱼，可以和鲨鱼亲
密接触。小题3 根据Bahamas 中Compass Cay Marina is home to a large number of well-fed, friendly nurse sharks.可知
Bahamas 最多的是nurse sharks ,A 错误。根据Hawaii 中while providing a thrilling swim with sharks inside the safety of a
cage.和Fiji 中This is an uncaged dive, but per the company's website, it is a carefully managed feed, where participants
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
observe, but do not interact（互动）with the sharks.可知在笼子中潜水不一定比不在笼中潜水安全，B 错误。根据Bahamas
中Reef sharks are some of the least aggressive species of shark.可知Reef sharks 是最不具攻击性的鲨鱼种类之一，C 正
确。根据Hawaii 中No diving skills are required －just bring your courage.可知在夏威夷潜水不需要技术，只需要勇气。
D 错误。
33．C
34．B
35．A
【解析】本文主要介绍了AMDA 课程的学习内容、学习任务以及想要报名的联系方式。
33．细节理解题。由Your future in the performing arts doesn’t have to be a dream. For over 50 years, AMDA has launched
some of the most successful careers in theatre, film and television.可知AMDA 的课程是关于表演的，选C。
34．细节理解题。由Over the course of your four semesters (学期)可知这门课程持续两年，选B。
35．细节理解题。由plus individual voice lessons.可知学生们在AMDA 可以学习怎样唱歌唱得好听，选A。
【名师点睛】
文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。
属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运
用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）
语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的
基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非
辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误
一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要
求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。例如本文第2
题，属于细节理解题中的第（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合。
☞D 选项Answering questions for their kids.
【解析】试题分析：本文主要讲述学生申请大学时出现的一些令招生人员烦恼的不好的行为。
36．写作目的题。根据第一段第四句“Joseph Connolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United
States, wanted to know the things that annoy admissions officers the most.”和最后一句“The responses fall into several
areas:”可推断，文章的写作目的是为读者列出在申请大学时不受欢迎的行为。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据●Communication 部分的句子-Silly or stupid email addresses; sending emails that use texting
shorthand, such as “im w8ing 4 somel 2 call me.”可知，使用不合适的和不完整的语言会给招生人员留下不好的印象。
故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据●Over-involved parents 部分的句子-Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their
children.可知，父母不应该在面试中为代替孩子回答问题。故选D。
【名师点睛】
文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳
和概括文章中心思想的基础。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接
吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，
答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难
度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，
这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难
度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不
符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行
排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正
确顺序。例如小题3
【解题剖析】此题属于（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的
转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。
【答案定位】根据●Over-involved parents 部分的句子-Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their
children.可知，父母不应该在面试中为代替孩子回答问题。
【推理关系】题干What should parents avoid doing in an interview?☞文章内容-Parents attending interviews, and worse
yet, speaking for their children.
39．A
40．D
41．C
【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了供人们应聘的一些工作岗位。
39．细节理解题。由Support Worker
Are you a good communicator? If you have answered YES to the above, we would
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
like to hear from you 可知如果你擅长交流，你可以申请成为一名护工，选A。
40．细节理解题。由choose the hours you work 可知如果你想要有弹性的工作时间，你应该和jobs@coffeebeans.co.uk
联系，选D。
41．推理判断题。这篇文章主要介绍了供人们应聘的一些工作岗位，所以这篇文章最可能出现在报纸的广告板块，
选C。
【名师点睛】
直接信息题，对于此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中
迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理
解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。例如：小题1 细节理解题。由Support Worker
Are you a good communicator?
If you have answered YES to the above, we would like to hear from you 可知如果你擅长交流，你可以申请成为一名护工，
选A。
资料正文内容开始>>
专题8 阅读理解——记叙文类
方法与技巧
方法概述
记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按
事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从
总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故
事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、
故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若
是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；（2）若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意
义；（3）若是“逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
命题方式
考点一、细节事实理解。
一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）
排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题学@科@网范畴，难度较小，但在
整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。
此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问
1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?
2.Which of the following is not mentioned?
3.All of the following are true except...
4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？
1.直接事实题
在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直
接找到。如：
A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land
and houses around the river.
This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，
which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories
from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San
Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.
This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a
president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona
and Nevada.
Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .
A.between Arizona and Nevada
B.in the Black Canyon
C.between New York and San Francisco
D.both A and B
【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D 项。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
2.间接事实题
解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。
Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，
appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.
Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss
Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in
Cathay Airline for seven years.However ，
it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage ，
dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.
“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to
have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep
impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.
Q：Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.
C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.
D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.
【解析】A、C 和D 项都可在原文找到答案，而B 项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong 可判断不是moved to
Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。
3、数据推算。
If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ .
A.$100
B.$300
C.$350
D.$400
这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：
1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。
2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。
3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。
考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。
一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容
1.短文的标题（title,headline）；
2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；
3.中心思想(main idea)；
4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。
二、此类题的设问方式
1.What would be the best title for the text?
2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
3.What is the passage mainly about?
4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.
考点三、推理推断。
推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发
生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。
此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：
1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.
2.What can be inferred from the Passage?
3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?
4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.
5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.
6.The writer implies that__________.
7.It can be inferred that__________.
8.It can be concluded from the Passage
that__________.
9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________.
10.From the text we can conclude that__________.
11.After reading the Passage
we may conclude that__________.
12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?
13.The author is inclined to think that__________.
14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________.
15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?
16.In the writer’s opinion,...
考点四、词义、句义猜测。
词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
上，要根据语境来判断。
此类题的设问方式主要有
1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by...
2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests...
3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...
4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确
无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语
法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
1.定义法。如:
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即“退火”。
It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。
The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。
2.同位法。如:
They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.
同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。
3.对比法。如:
She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but 一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，
可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:
Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?
possibility 是possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定possibility 意思是“可能性”。
5.因果法。如：
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could
never play the sport again.
从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。
体验高考
1.[2017·北京卷]
A
It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting
for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a
little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town
a month or so before.
Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground.“Paris's eyes rolled back，” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an
emergency.”
It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die.
At first,
no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？”
CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body
and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn't think she knew it well
enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the
difference between life and death，” says Taylor.
Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse,
who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them:
Paris's heartbeat returned.
“I know I was really lucky，” Paris says now. “Most people don't survive this. My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right: for a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step
in and do CPR quickly.
Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more
confident in my actions now，” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”
56．What happened to Paris on a March day?
A．She caught a bad cold.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
B．She had a sudden heart problem.
C．She was knocked down by a ball.
D．She shivered terribly during practice.
57．Why does Paris say she was lucky?
A．She made a worthy friend.
B．She recovered from shock.
C．She received immediate CPR.
D．She came back on the softball team.
58．Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?
A．Enthusiastic and kind.
B．Courageous and calm.
C．Cooperative and generous.
D．Ambitious and professional.
【文章大意】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球女孩Paris 在打球的过程中突然心力衰竭，队友Taylor 对其
进行了紧急心肺复苏，Paris 因此恢复了心跳的故事。文章旨在说明病人心力衰竭时，其他人保持冷静并对其进行
紧急心肺复苏的重要性。
56．B
细节理解题。根据第三段中“It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.”可知，Paris 突然
心力衰竭，所以答案为B。
57．C
推理判断题。根据第六段可知队友的协助使Paris 得到了及时的救助，所以Paris 说自己很幸运。故答
案为C。
58．B
推理判断题。根据第五段中“But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.”
可知Taylor 非常的勇敢，以及第六段首句“Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down.”可知，Taylor 是一个
勇敢、冷静的女孩，所以答案为B。
2.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
B
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying
to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is
simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived,
I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no
luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this
nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger
screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling
as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the
parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was
accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH ！The parents had done their duty and would probably
continue to do so.
24．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to Paragraph 1?
A．Efforts made in vain.
B．Getting injured in his work.
C．Feeling uncertain about his future.
D．Creatures forced out of their homes.
25．Why was the author called to Muttontown?
A．To rescue a woman.
B．To take care of a woman.
C．To look at a baby owl.
D．To cure a young owl.
26．What made the chick calm down?
A．A new nest.
B．Some food.
C．A recording.
D．Its parents.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
27．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?
A．It's unexpected.
B．It's beautiful.
C．It's humorous.
D．It's discouraging.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母
身边的故事。
24. A
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;
survival is never certain.”可知，救助受伤动物是令人心碎的，因为不知道被救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是为救助
动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。
25. C
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I
saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl.”可知，有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中
并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D 选项错误。故选C。
26. A
细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.”可知，在作
者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就平静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰平静下来的。故选A。
27. B
推理判断题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母。作者的救助成功
了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的“However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.”可推测，作者感觉很美好。故
选B。
3.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
B
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid,
introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as
Paul—he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents
or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the
fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theatre and live TV. We were respectful of
craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that
are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying
affection. Those were also at the core (核心)of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his
Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute
and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each
other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in
and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and
we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.
24．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A．Paul Newman wanted it.
B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.
C．He wasn't famous enough.
D．The director recommended someone else.
25．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A．They were of the same age.
B．They worked in the same theatre.
C．They were both good actors.
D．They had similar characteristics.
26．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Their belief.
B．Their care for children.
C．Their success.
D．Their support for each other.
27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To show his love of films.
B．To remember a friend.
C．To introduce a new movie.
D．To share his acting experience.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者深情地追忆了自己和Paul Newman 志趣相投、信念相守的深厚的友情。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
24. C
推理判断题。由第一段第二句“When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well
known as Paul…”可知，摄制组拒绝接纳“我”，因为“我”没有Paul 有名气，由此可以推断作者当时名气不足。
25. D
推理判断题。第二段第一句后半部分及后面的内容详细说明了作者和Paul 的共同志向、追求与爱好。尽
管两人年龄差距很大，但是因为性格相似、志趣相投而成为忘年交。
26. A
代词指代题。第三段第一句中的belief 后接同位语从句，详细介绍了二人的共同信念：if you're fortunate
enough to have success, you should put something back(若有幸取得成功，应该知恩图报)。后句说尽管他们不常见面，
但共同的信念让他们心灵相依。由此可知此处的that 指的是belief。
27. B
写作意图题。文章最后一句点明写作目的。朋友生病住院甚至已不在人世，但他们之间的友情不需要话
语就可以珍藏怀念。
4.[2017·天津卷]
B
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的)
view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take
the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of
my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I
grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have
asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn't want to mess
with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And
now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its
own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in
my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger's bedroom
wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don't even know has been immortalized(使……
永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others' spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate
beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a
thin square of glass.
41．What happened when the author was about to take a photo?
A．Her camera stopped working.
B．A woman blocked her view.
C．Someone asked her to leave.
D．A friend approached from behind.
42．According to the author, the woman was probably ________．
A．enjoying herself
B．losing her patience
C．waiting for the sunset
D．thinking about her past
43．In the author's opinion, what makes the photo so alive?
A．The rich colour of the landscape.
B．The perfect positioning of the camera.
C．The woman's existence in the photo.
D．The soft sunlight that summer day.
44．The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________．
A．the need to be close to nature
B．the importance of private space
C．the joy of the vacation in Italy
D．the shared passion for beauty
45．The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon ________．
A．a particular life experience
B．the pleasure of travelling
C．the art of photography
D．a lost friendship
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者本来想照一张最好的照片，结果一位女士一直待在那
里毁了作者的想法。后来作者把那个人照了进来，而且还把那张照片挂在了卧室里。作者通过这件事意识到自己或
许也是别人照片里的风景。
41. B
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from
behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.”可知“我”刚要拍照，突然一位女士从后面靠近，挡了“我”的
视线。
42. A
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“…sigh and appreciate the view.”以及第三段中的倒数第二句“She
seemed so content in her observation.”可知这位女士沉浸在美丽的风景中，非常满足。
43. C
细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后一句“The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and
breathes because this woman is engaging with it.”可知“我”认为这张照片之所以有了生命力，是因为那位女士在照片
中的存在。
44. D
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“…to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a
common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.”可知“我”从这张照片中更好地理
解了人们对美景的共同的爱。
45. A
推理判断题。根据文章的内容：作者要拍照，却因一位女士一直站在那里，所以只好把她一起拍进去。但后
来作者发现照片因这位女士的存在显得更加生动了。因此可知这篇文章是作者对一次特殊的人生经历的思考。
5.【2016·全国新课标I】C
I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since
March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I
have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in
all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient,
we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.
I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode
Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,
the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I
took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please,
please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small
plane to be held for mere-routed( 改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally
scheduled.
For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save
somebody’s life.
29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17
A provider
B delivery man
C collector
D medical doctor
30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?
A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.
B. The donor can only wait for that long.
C. The operation needs that very much.
D. The ice won't last any longer.
31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?
A. To London
B. To Newark
C. To Providence
D. To Washington
【答案】
29-31.B D.B
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。
29.B 词义猜测题。根据本段内容I’ve done 89 trips 和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box 以及第二段内容
可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。故选B 。
【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测2.根据同位关系进行猜测3.根据构词法(前
缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来
推测出正确的词义。
30. D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs
and that’s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42 小时适宜的温度。故选D 。
31.B 细节理解题。根据第二段末句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through
Newark
可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark 的航班。故选B。
考点: 故事类短文阅读
6.【2016·北京】B
Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)
Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach,
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway
was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had
lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was
so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with
carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed
dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with
it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction
about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s
collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie,
who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her
efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy
Champion of Change.
Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many
homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be
back, even stronger than before.”
59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.
A.some friends had lost their lives
B.her neighborhood was destroyed
C.her school had moved to Brooklyn
D.the elderly were free from suffering
60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?
A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild
B.The people trapped in high_rise building
C.The volunteers donating money to survivors
D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people
61.How did Natalie help the survivors?
A.She gave her toys to the kids
B.She took care of younger children
C.She called on the White House to help
D.She built an information sharing platform
62.What does the story intend to tell us?
A.Little people can make a big difference
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed
C.East or West,home is best
D.Technology is power
【答案】
59.B60.A61.D62.A
【解析】
试题分析：Natalie 是一个14 岁的孩子，她生活的地方Brooklyn 遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮
助家乡重建，Natalie 也加入了进去，Natalie 创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie 的行
为得到了社会的认可和表扬。
59.B 段落大意题。A 项未提及；根据第三段“Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school
in Brooklyn”可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn 上学，排除C；根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”
排除D；根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，他们的街
区被飓风毁了，故选B。
60.A 细节理解题。根据第四段“In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.”
可知，那些帮助Rockaway 恢复重建的人给了Natalie 鼓舞，故选A。
61.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to
help.”可知，Natalie 创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息，故选D。
62.A 写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House
and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.”可知，Natalie 的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小
人物也可以有大作为，故选A。
考点：人物故事类短文阅读。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
【名师点睛】
故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸
闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详
有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
解题技巧：
1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，
所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意
图，属于必考点。如本题中的第62 题：通过Natalie 帮助他人的行为告诉读者小人物也可以有大作为这一道理。
2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因
和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的
感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。
3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的
信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如
果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。
7.【2016·天津】B
Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and
your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably
accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book
reports weren’t written until the final threat.
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree
in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student( 技校学生). They’re called
“motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say.
“And smart, really.”
I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And
they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).
But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t
have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was
estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
My son ,with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件）from a junkyard, non-toasting toaster have been
fixed. Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repair to him.
Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been
fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.
These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their
minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need
builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.
My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
41. What used to be the author’s hope for his son?
A. To avoid becoming his clone.
B. To resemble him in appearance.
C. To develop in a different direction.
D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals.
42. What can we learn about the author’s children?
A. His daughter does better in school.
B. His daughter has got a master’s degree.
C. His son tried hard to finish homework.
D. His son couldn’t write his book reports.
43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______.
A. His son had the ability to fix it.
B. it would save him much time.
C. it wouldn’t cause him any more loss
D. other motorheads would come to help.
44. In the author’s eyes, motorheads are _______.
A. tidy and hardworking
B. cheerful and smart
C. lazy but bright
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
D. relaxed but rude
45. What did the author realize in the end?
A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.
B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.
C. Architects play a more important role than builders.
D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一开始希望自己的儿子能效仿他，完成他没有实现的目标。但是他的儿子学习
成绩不理想，只上了技校。一次作者的车坏了，儿子和同学帮助作者修好了车，让作者改变了自己的看法。
41. D 考查细节理解。根据第一段的句子You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could accomplish what you
hoped for.可知，作者希望儿子完成他没有实现的目标。故选D。
42.A 考查推理判断。根据第三段的句子My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in
English，可知，作者的女儿学习很好。故选A。
43.C 考查细节理解。根据第六段的句子I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose，可知，作者让儿子
修车，因为他觉得这不会给他带来损失。故选C。
44.B 考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段的句子These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are in
living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright…，可知，在作者眼中，motorhead 是令人兴奋的，聪明的。
故选B。
45.A
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的句子Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in
footsteps or anywhere else，可知，作者最后意识到期望孩子走自己的道路这是不明智的。故选A。
【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以细节题为主，细节题一般就是文章出现的内容即是
答案，也有推理判断题，就是不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事
中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。
做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面
推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如这篇阅读理解的第二题，问：作者的孩子是怎么样的？根据
第三段的内容My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he
entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student
body.可知，作者的女儿正在学习硕士学位，所以B 是错的；而作者的儿子是一个技校生，学习不是很好，C 是错的；
D 项说作者的儿子不能完成报告，而文中只是说他的儿子会拖延，所以D 也是错的，正确答案是通过第三段内容推
理出来的。
8.【2016·浙江】D
Two things changed my life:
my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s
true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.
My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it
out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task., but
she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, “I don’t
care what so –and –so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room a car for your birthday a lsvish sweet 16
party.” We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house. I can still remember how long it took to polish the
legs of our coffee table.My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house .Like the two little girls
growing up at the White House,we made our own beds (no one left the house until that was done)and picked up after
ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings ,and if something was lost ,it was not replaced.
It was summer and ,one day ,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed---and there it was in the window,
White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.
“It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her,”What a neat basket.”
I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t at and it any longer:“Mom,
please can I please ,please get it? I ‘ll do extra chores for as long as you say, I’ll do anything ,but I need that basket,I love
that basket.Please ,Mom .Please?”
I was desperate.
“You know,” she said ,gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever,” If
you save up you could buy this yourself.”
“By the time I make enough it’ll be gone!”
“Maybe Roger here could hold it for you,” she smiled at Roger ,the bike guy.
“He can’t hold it for that long ,Mom .Someone else will buy it .Please, Mom,Please?”
“There might be another way,” she said.
And so our paying plan unfolded. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I
couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there (washing the
car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked
without the
basket in front).And then ,weeks later ,I counted ,re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh ,happy day ! I made it! I finally had the
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
exact amount we’d agreed upon….
Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact
same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my
mother about this disaster. This horrible turn of events.
And then came the lesson . I’ve taken with me through my life:” Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently
wiping away my hot tears.” Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”
55. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. The children enjoyed doing housework.
B. The author came from s well-off family
C. The mother raised her children in an unusual way
D. The children were fond of the US president’s daughters.
56.When the author saw the basket in the window, she
.
A. fell in love with it
B. stared at her mother
C. recognized it at once
D. went up to the bike guy
57.Why did the author say many “please” to her mother?
A. She longed to do extra work.
B. She was eager to have the basket.
C. She felt tired after standing too long.
D. She wanted to be polite to her mother.
58.By using“naked” (Paragraph 12),the author seems to stress that the basket was
A. something she could afford
B. something important to her
C. something impossible to get
D. something she could do without
59.To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that
A. something spoiled her paying plan
B. the basket cost more than she had saved
C.a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike
D.someone else had got a basket of the same kind
60.What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?
A. Save money for a rainy day
B. Good advice is beyond all price.
C. Earn your bread with your sweat
D. God helps those who help themselves
【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。作者回忆自己母亲对孩子不寻常的教育方法。通过一个自行车篮子的事情，母亲
教会作者什么事情都要自力更生，通过自己努力得到的东西才是珍贵的。
55. C 考查推理判断。根据第二段的句子We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house…. we made our
own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of nd if
something was lost ,it was not replaced.可知，作者的母亲用不寻常的方法教育孩子。故选C。
56. A 考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with
flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.可知，当作者在橱窗里面看见这个篮子就喜欢上
了它。故选A。
57. B 考查推理判断。根据第五段的句子I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I
couldn’t at and it any longer:可知，作者说了很多“pleases”，因为她渴望拥有这个篮子。故选B。
58. B 考查推理判断。根据第十二段的句子(washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting
things on my bike that already looked naked
without the basket in front 可知作者觉得没有这个篮子，自行车看起来光
秃秃的，使用“naked”这个词，说明这个篮子对她是重要的东西。故选B。
59. D 考查推理判断。根据第十三段的句子A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact
same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles.可知作者认为其他人有和她相同的篮
子是一个灾难。故选D。
60. C 考查主旨大意。根据文章内容可知，作者的妈妈教育作者要通过自己的努力获得想要的东西，也就是Earn your
bread with your sweat。故选C。
【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以推理判断题为主，推理判断题不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文
中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当
运用一些解题技巧。
做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面
推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如这篇阅读理解的55 题，问：我们可以从前两段得出什么？第二
段的句子We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house…. we made our own beds (no one left the
house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves. We had to keep track of nd if something was lost ,it was not
replaced.告诉我们作者的母亲教育孩子时使用的不寻常的方法。所以答案是C。再如59 题，题目问：对作者什么是
可怕的事情？文章没有直接表明，而是通过第十三段的句子A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times
appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles.可知作者认为
其他人有和她相同的篮子是一个灾难。所以答案是D。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
9.【2016·全国新课标II】B
Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out
something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make something out of the
Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”
A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the
instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their
own imaginations.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art
classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an
exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose
creativity would infect(感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of
thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But I’m just not creative.”
“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”
“Oh, sure.”
“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky
or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”
“Nobody. I do it.”
“Really-at night, when you’re asleep?”
“Sure.”
“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”
5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________?
A. know more about the students
B. make the lessons more exciting
C. raise the students’ interest in art
D. teach the students about toy design
6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. He liked to help his teacher.
B. He preferred to study alone.
C. He was active in class.
D. He was imaginative.
7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Mistake.
B. Drawback.
C. Difficulty.
D. Burden.
8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?
A. To help them to see their creativity.
B. To find out about their sleeping habits.
C. To help them to improve their memory.
D. To find out about their ways of thinking.
【答案】5. A
6. D
7. B
8. A
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。
5.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹豫着在等着看别人如何
行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另外一些学生则根据本人的想象力做出了一些东
西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同的理解。故A 正确。
6.D 推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的
架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第三句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”说明他是一个
很有想象力和创造性的人。故D 项正确。
7.B 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.”可
知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为“drawback
缺点”。故B 正确。
8.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的、有创造性和想象力的梦，并
鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们发现自己的创造性和想象力。故A
正确。
【名师点睛】
本文【小题7】属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“I ran the risk ...... thinking.”中的“risk”说明我的教育方法也
有不足之处，故划线词意为“drawback 缺点，不足”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。
近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：
有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的
主要依据。请看下例：
Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coa
ches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.
从前面的Car Rental Center 可知出租车公司提供的只能是cars for rent(出租汽车)，也就是说划线的词都是出租汽
车的名称。
除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise 等就
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、
对比或不相干的意义。
还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可
以找出原因。例如
Biggest power failure in the city's history．．．All of our ice—cream and frozen foods melted．
根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化”，也就是melted。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
10.【2016·全国新课标II】D
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last
week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman
who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in
the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton
and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that
point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve
more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had
died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was
even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger,
caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy
officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make
money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the
Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.
13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?
A. They were made last week
B. They showed undersea sceneries
C. They were found by a cameraman
D. They recorded a disastrous adventure
14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?
A. Frank Hurley
B. Ernest Shackleton
C. Robert Falcon Scott
D. Caroline Alexander
15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?
A. Artistic creation
B. Scientific research
C. Money making
D. Treasure hunting
【答案】13. D
14. C
15. C
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于记叙文。讲述了Frank 的图片记录了一次不成功的航海活动，文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关
的具体内容。
33.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous
shipwreck....”可知这些照片记录的是1914 年左右发生的一次海难事故。故D 项正确。
34.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole....”可知到达南极的是Captain Scott。
故C 项正确。
35.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100
miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still
photography.”可知Alexander 认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C 项正确。
【名师点睛】
本文三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如【小题13】中的A 项“They were made
last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurley’s pictures......undoubtedly first-rate
photo-journalism---if they had been made last week.”可知“如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。”实际上
这些照片是1914 年左右拍摄的。说明A 项明显错误。
干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式：
1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的
观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。
2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造
成句意的改变。
3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。
4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类
错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概
括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和
记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。
不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
11.【2016·全国新课标III】B
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to
dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from
Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a
chair.
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.
Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends
were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.
“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that
make me write them.’”
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
“I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting
with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It
annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a
fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A. Two strangers joined her.
B. Her childhood friends came in.
C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D. Some
people held a party there.
6. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s
.
A. readers
B. parties
C. friends
D. stories
7. What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?
A. They live in big cities.
B. They are mostly women.
C. They come from real life.
D. They are pleasure seekers.
【解析】
试题分析：文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty 是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密
西西比。Welty 的作品都是来自于现实的生活。
5. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“another customer was approaching their table”和第三段“the woman joined the Welty
party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair”可知，先后有两个陌生人（一位女士及其同伴）
加入了Welty 他们的聚会，故选A。
6. D 猜测词义题。划线的them 指代前面提到的人或物，根据“Now we believe your stories”可知，them 指代的是
Welty 写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty 和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty 的朋友相信了Welty 小说
里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。
7. C 推理判断题。根据“I don’t make them up”和“Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends,
from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus.”可知，Welty 小说里的
人物并非虚构的，他们都来源于现实的生活，故选C。
考点：故事类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
猜词技巧：阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是
熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下：
(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。
(2) 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词；利用事例或解释猜生词；利用重复解释的信息猜生词。
(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him 或them 可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it 和
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
that 还可以指一件事。第6 题就是属于对指代关系进行判断。
(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise 等就可以看到前后句在意义
上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
(5)根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原
因。
(6)根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种
解释也用连词“or”连接。
(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。
常见问题形式有：
(1)The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by …
(2)As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests…
(3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence “…” is/refers to /means…
(4)The word “…” is closest in meaning to …
12.【2016·全国新课标III】C
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.
It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has
caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the
limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the
range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of
anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything
else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is
Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple
lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are
family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial
orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near
Faversham in Kent.
8. What can people do at the apple events?
A. Attend experts’ lectures.
B. Visit fruit-loving families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard.
D. Taste many kinds of apples.
9. What can we learn about Decio?
A. It is a new variety.
B. It has a strange look.
C. It is rarely seen now.
D. It has a special taste.
10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean?
A. A practical idea.
B. A vain hope.
C.A brilliant plan.
D. A selfish desire.
11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show how to grow apples.
B .To introduce an apple festival.
C. To help people select apples.
D. To promote apple research.
【解析】
试题分析：作者向人们介绍了一个节日－－Apple Day。由于这个节日翡翠受欢迎，现在已经演变成“苹果月”了。
在英国，人们在十月份庆祝该节日，持续大约一个月的时间。
8. D 细节理解题。根据第二段“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”
可知，参加相关的庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果，故选D。
9. C 推理判断题。故选C。
10. B 猜测词义题。根据第二段“to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio”可知，Decio 是许
多仍然存在的经典苹果种类之一，根据“which is more of a curiosity than anything else”可知，人们品尝它是出于好奇
心，故选B。
11. B 写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to
see what’s around. ”和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at
Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选B。
考点：生活故事类短文阅读
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
模拟新题精选
1. 【湖北八校2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】D
Even for a certified teacher with a degree and teaching certificate from Florida, a certain embarrassment exists. The
two words “English teacher” don’t clearly show who I am.
Let me explain: When I go back to the US, I meet all my old friends. Some are stressed, exhausted and generally
unhappy. They are stuck in jobs they don’t love that they do only to pay the bills. Even the ones making good money don’t
even have the time to spend it and enjoy themselves. If I were in the US and I was working as a teacher, accountant, lawyer
or so on, then that would be my job more or less for the next 30 to 40 years. I might have other talents, but I would be
limited in being able to explore them.
In China the system is fluid for everyone: Chinese and expats（侨民）. I know many friends, both Chinese and expats,
who changed careers because they wanted something new and it didn’t require going back to university four more years.
All it required was motivation and a calculated risk. One of the best things about living in China for me is that I can explore
different career choices and actually find one that I truly love. Let’s face it people change over the years: Your likes, your
abilities and even the things that make you happy are constantly changing. Why shouldn’t your jobs and the opportunities
also change with you?
When people ask me if I love my job, my answer is ‘YES.’ In China I have had many jobs: actor, model, salesman and
teacher at various stages during my seven years here. And no one told me “You can’t do that.” There was no self-limiting. In
China, if you have the motivation to work hard and the drive to succeed then opportunities present themselves around
every corner.
12. Why the term “English teacher” couldn’t explain the author’s role in China clearly?
A. Because he has taken many different jobs in China.
B. Because he has no choice but to be an English teacher.
C. Because the purpose of his teaching is to make good money.
D. Because there’re too many jobs for him to choose from.
13. Why are some of the author’s old friends generally unhappy?
A. Because they have no chance to work in China as teachers.
B. Because it’s even harder for them to earn money in the US now.
C. Because they have no ability to explore their other talents.
D. Because they can’t get away from the work they don’t enjoy.
14. What does the underlined word “fluid” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Strict.
B. Fixed.
C. Changeable.
D. Exciting.
15. What does the author think of China?
A. A country without motivations.
B. A land of opportunity.
C. A nation full of foreigners.
D. A place short of jobs.
【答案】12. A
13. D
14. C
15. B
【解析】本文通过一个在中国的外国人的经历，说明了在中国只要你够努力，想成功，那么机会就会出现。
12. A
细节理解题。由文章最后一段“In China I have had many jobs: actor, model, salesman and teacher at various stages during
my seven years here.”根据文章可知，作者在中国生活的7 年时光中，从事了多种职业，故第一段中所说的“英语教师”
这个词并不能清楚地说明其在中国的角色。
13. D
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“They are stuck in jobs they don’t love that they do only to pay the bills.．．．If I were in
the US and I was working as a teacher, accountant, lawyer or so on, then that would be my job more or less for the next 30
to 40 years. I might have other talents, but I would be limited in being able to explore them.”根据叙述可知，作者在美国
的部分朋友被困在单一的职业生涯中，无法去重新选择。故选D.
14. C
词义推测题。本段中的“One of the best things about living in China for me is that I can explore different career
choices …Why shouldn’t your jobs and the opportunities also change with you?” 根据该句后面所列举的事例可知，人们
在中国可自由选择职业，故中国的工作体制不是僵化的，而是可变的。
15. B
推理判断题。结合全文尤其是最后一句“. In China, if you have the motivation to work hard and the drive to succeed then
opportunities present themselves around every corner.” 在中国，如果你有努力工作的动力和成功的动力，那么机会出
现在每一个角落。可知，作者赞扬中国，中国是一个充满机会的国度。因此B 符合题意。
2. 【四川省德阳市2018 届高三一诊】B
Every summer the heat was miserable. This summer was no exception.
Jamal lay on the porch(门廊), holding a glass of sweet tea to his forehead, trying to absorb some of the cool. It was
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
early afternoon, and his grandmother had lain down for her daily nap.
“Jamal! Jamal!” said Lisa, trying to get his attention.
“What?” he asked.
“I’m going to sort out the attic(阁楼). Want to come?” she asked calmly. Lisa was two years younger than Jamal and
was used to being blown off.
“You’re crazy,” Jamal said. “It’s got to be 100 degrees up there, not to mention that it’s dusty and full of spiders and
who knows what else.”
“Grandma said that if we see anything we want up there, we can keep it,” said Lisa.
“What makes you think I want any of that old junk?” asked Jamal.
“Suit yourself,” said Lisa. She went to the bedroom to change into old clothes that could get covered in sweat, dust,
and possibly dead spiders.
Up in the attic, Lisa began to see Jamal’s point. The heat in the house rose upwards, only to be trapped in the small
attic. Everything was covered in a fine layer of dust…
As Lisa began going through the boxes, she realized that no one had touched them for years. After a couple of hours,
Lisa’s back ached, and her shirt was wet through.
“Lisa, honey!” she heard her grandmother call. “Come take a break and have some tea.”
Lisa went downstairs and took a picture with her. “Grandma, is this really you?”
Her grandmother laughed. “What, you can’t believe it? Yes, that’s me; that was taken at my home coming almost sixty
years ago.”
“You were beautiful, Grandma,” said Lisa admiringly.
“You’d be surprised, Lisa,” her grandmother responded. “Adults, all of us, were once young and irresponsible like you.”
“I don’t think Mom was ever like that …” said Lisa.
“Your mother…” her grandmother’s voice became low as she carefully chose her words. “When your father died in the
service, your mother was still just a girl herself. You were a baby, and Jamal was only two. She had to grow up real fast.”
Lisa nodded. She finished her tea, thanked her grandmother, and turned to go back upstairs.
4. What was Jamal’s attitude towards Lisa’s suggestion of exploring the attic?
A. Enthusiastic.
B. Interested.
C. Negative.
D. Indifferent.
5. The underlined expression “Suit yourself” means “
”.
A. Enjoy yourself
B. Please yourself
C. Take care of yourself
D. Help yourself
6. What does Lisa’s grandmother probably mean when she says that Lisa’s mother “had to grow up real fast”?
A. Lisa’s mother had to drop out of college and start working.
B. Lisa’s mother had to become carefree and irresponsible very quickly.
C. Lisa’s mother had to become responsible and mature very quickly.
D. Lisa’s mother had to take on more responsibility than she was able to handle.
7. Which of the following is the probable ending of the story?
A. Lisa found her mother’s love letters.
B. Lisa found nothing important but junk.
C. Lisa found a box of spiders and was scared to death.
D. Lisa found something about her mother’s miserable childhood.
【答案】4. C
5. B
6. C
7. A
【解析】故事讲述了炎热的夏天，Lisa 清理阁楼时发现的东西以及和外婆的对话。
4. C
推理判断题。A. Enthusiastic.热情的；B. Interested.感兴趣的；C. Negative.否定的，反对的；D. Indifferent.漠不关心
的。根据“You’re crazy,” Jamal said. “It’s got to be 100 degrees up there, not to mention that it’s dusty and full of spiders
and who knows what else.”和“What makes you think I want any of that old junk?可知Jamal 因为阁楼上又热又脏，对阁
楼上的东西不感兴趣，所以反对Lisa 清理阁楼。故选C.
5. B
猜测词义题。A. Enjoy yourself 过得高兴；B. Please yourself 随便你；C. Take care of yourself 照顾好自己；D. Help yourself
请自便。Lisa 想让Jamal 和她一起清理阁楼，但Jamal 认为阁楼上又热又脏不同意，所以Lisa 说随便你，然后自己去
清理。“Suit yourself”随你便，与
Please yourself 同义，故选B.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
6. C
推理判断题。根据“When your father died in the service, your mother was still just a girl herself. You were a baby, and
Jamal was only two. She had to grow up real fast.”可知丈夫死亡，两个孩子还小，所以Lisa 的妈妈必须变得负责任，成
熟得很快。故选C.
7. A
推理判断题。文章最后Lisa 和外婆谈到妈妈，都认为她非常负责任。所以随后的内容应该是和妈妈的爱和负责任有
关，应该是从阁楼上找到了妈妈的信。故选A.
3. 【福建省百所重点校2018 届高三年上学期联合考试】B
The story of Sir Nicholas Winton is the one that you would imagine could only happen on the silver screen. Sir
Nicholas Winton was a British man who went to heroic efforts, potentially putting himself at risk, during World War II. Sir
Winton was responsible for ensuring the safety of six hundred and sixty-nine Jewish children by aiding their escape from
countries occupied by Nazis. Finally, the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in
his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.
Recently, this unbelievable story has again been making the rounds on the Internet, particularly after a rerun of the
BBC show called “That’s Life”, which featured Sir Winton. People around the world were moved at the details of the story,
with saying it to be the best story they’ve ever seen.
Sir Winton kept his entire plan completely secret, even his wife had no idea about his planning until fifty years later.
After the war, years passed and many people remained in the dark about Sir Winton’s extraordinary achievement. Some
fifty years later, his wife Greta was searching in their house and discovered a Winton’s notebook which documented the
names of all the children. She worked with BBC and they produced a TV episode (插曲) of their program “That’s Life” that
served as an honor for Sir Winton’s work.
In 2003, Sir Winton was knighted by the Queen of England for his work. He also was even nominated for a Nobel
Peace Prize. He also had a small planet named after him by Czech astronomers. Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at
the old age of one hundred and six, in 2015. Leaders around the world paid tribute (悼念). Israel’s ambassador to the
United Kingdom, Daniel Taub, said, “He was a hero of our time, having saved 669 Jewish children from Nazis. His story, as a
point of light in a period of darkness, will forever be remembered.”
4. What happened to the 669 Jewish children?
A. They were killed by Nazis.
B. They returned to their own homes.
C. They fled to their native countries.
D. They were raised by English families.
5. What made Winton’s story spread widely?
A. People’s chatting online.
B. The program “That’s Life”.
C. His wife’s promotion.
D. Praises from some leaders.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined expression “remained in the dark’, in Paragraph 3?
A. felt doubtful
B. remained moved
C. knew nothing
D. criticized something
7. What do we know about Winton?
A. He was born in 1909.
B. Nazis tried to arrest him.
C. He named a small planet.
D. Many children paid tribute to him.
【答案】4. D
5. B
6. C
7. A
【解析】本文主要讲了尼古拉斯·温顿爵士是一位英国人，他曾从纳粹手里救出669 名犹太儿童，他被授予了诺贝尔
和平奖。
4. 细节理解题。由Finally, the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in his
native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.可知669 个犹太孩子被英国的家庭抚养大，选D。
5. 细节理解题。由She worked with BBC and they produced a TV episode (插曲) of their program “That’s Life” that served
as an honor for Sir Winton’s work.可知“那就是生活”节目使得Winton 的故事广为流传，选B。
6. 词义猜测题。由下文Some fifty years later, his wife Greta was searching in their house and discovered a Winton’s
notebook which documented the names of all the children. She worked with BBC and they produced a TV episode (插曲)
of their program “That’s Life” that served as an honor for Sir Winton’s work.可知在这之前，Winton 的杰出成绩一直不为
人所知，所以“remained in the dark”的意思是一无所知，选C。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
7. 计算题。由Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at the old age of one hundred and six, in 2015.可知2015-106=1909，
选A。
4. 【重庆市第一中学2018 届高三12 月月考】B
Have you ever been in a situation where a bad mood suddenly wraps itself around you and won’t let go? It’s kind of
like being in the middle seat on a long flight, and you’re fighting for armrest (扶手) space with the person next to you.
I was reminded of this recently when my wife and I went to a rock concert that we’d been looking forward to all year.
When the band came on, everyone, including me, jumped to our feet. But then, nobody sat down, and I couldn’t see the
stage for the rest of the show. Needless to say, I was extremely disappointed.
My wife could see the show fine, so she accepted it when I told her not to worry about me. But she was very sensitive.
I knew that she could feel my displeasure, but I never want anyone else to feel uneasy just because I do. Moods are
infectious, and I don’t want those I care for to get any of the fallout (后果) form whatever I may be dealing with. Still, I
couldn’t force myself to have a good time. We got home and I was looking forward to sleeping off my disappointment, but
it didn’t work. I felt sad the next day, and my disappointment didn’t go away for several days.
Looking back at the concert, it’s like I was a kid again and someone had taken Christmas away. Yes, I let the experience
get to me, but I’m only human, and sometimes that is going to happen. However, I learned that when something like this
happens, just remember that it doesn’t mean that you’re a bad person or broken. You just don’t like where you are at the
moment, but the bad feelings will pass. So the next time you can’t rise to the occasion because a bad mood has you in its
hold, give yourself a break. You can still learn something positive, even if it takes you a while to figure out what that is.
4. According to Paragraph 1, how might you feel being in the middle seat on a long flight?
A. In high spirits.
B. In awful mood.
C. In excitement.
D. At ease.
5. What was the author’s reaction when the concert started?
A. He was upset.
B. He was disappointed.
C. He was thrilled.
D. He burst into anger.
6. What do we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. The author enjoyed himself at the latter part of the concert.
B. The wife was not in the mood for the concert because of the author.
C. The author got rid of his disappointment after a night’s sleep.
D. The author cared about his wife’s mood and didn’t want to spoil it.
7. What might the author agree with?
A. Being emotional at times is acceptable.
B. Christmas is important to the author.
C. Being stuck in bad mood means you are a bad person.
D. You can learn something positive from a bad experience immediately.
【答案】4. B
5. C
6. D
7. A
【解析】本文主要讲了作者通过和妻子去看音乐会的经历说明了这样一个道理，有时情绪化是可以接受的，通过自
我调整，坏的情绪很快就会过去。
4. 推理判断题。由Have you ever been in a situation where a bad mood suddenly wraps itself around you and won’t let go?
可知在长途飞机中的中间座位，作者感觉心情很糟糕，选B。
5. 细节理解题。由When the band came on, everyone, including me, jumped to our feet.可知音乐会刚开始的时候，作
者非常兴奋，选C。
6. 推理判断题。由Moods are infectious, and I don’t want those I care for to get any of the fallout (后果) form whatever I
may be dealing with.可知作者非常在乎他妻子的情绪，不想破坏妻子的情绪，选D。
7. 推理判断题。由Yes, I let the experience get to me, but I’m only human, and sometimes that is going to happen.
However, I learned that when something like this happens, just remember that it doesn’t mean that you’re a bad person or
broken. You just don’t like where you are at the moment, but the bad feelings will pass.可推断出作者同意这样的观点：有
时情绪化是可以接受的，选A。
5. 【东北三省三校2017 届高三第二次联合模拟】A
We were ordinary people taking the bus every day that summer. During the early morning rides, we sat sleepily on our
seats. One of the passengers was a small grey man to the center for senior citizens. He walked with a stoop (驼背) and a
sad look on his face. We paid little attention to him.
Then one July morning he said good morning to the driver and smiled to us before sitting down. The driver nodded
politely, the rest of us being silent. The next day, the old man boarded the bus energetically, smiled and said loud, “Good
morning!” Some of us looked up, amazed, and murmured “Good morning”. The following weeks we were more surprised.
Our friend was dressed in a nice old suit with the thin hair carefully combed. He said good morning to us every day and we
gradually began to nod and talk to each other. One morning he had a bunch of wild flowers in his hand. The driver smilingly
asked, “Have you got yourself a girlfriend?” He nodded shyly, “She lives at the center.” The other passengers whistled and
clapped at him. Charlie bowed before sitting down.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Every morning after that Charlie always brought a flower. Some regular passengers began bringing him flowers for his
bunch. Everyone smiled and joked about it.
But one morning he didn’t turn up. When he wasn’t there the following days, we started wondering if he was sick or...
We stopped at the center for senior citizens. The staff told us he was fine, but he hadn’t been coming that week. One of his
very close friends had died at the weekend. They expected him back on Monday. How silent we were on the rest of the
way to work!
The next Monday he was waiting at the stop, stooping a bit more and a bit more grey. Inside the bus was a silence, all
of us sitting with our eyes filled with tears and wild flowers in our hands.
21. The old man boarded the bus energetically probably because _______.
A. he bought a bunch of flowers
B. he got to know other passengers
C. he fell in love with a lady
D. he had a sweet dream
22. What change did the old man bring to the early morning bus?
A. The passengers were silent.
B. The bus was full of life.
C. The passengers were sleepy.
D. The bus was punctual.
23. Why didn’t the old man turn up for several days?
A. He was in sorrow for the loss of his girlfriend.
B. He wondered whether others cared about him.
C. He had a quarrel with the staff of the center.
D. He wasn’t himself for the cold weather.
24. What can we infer from the story?
A. Only love can affect others’ emotions.
B. The old man’s passion for love inspires others.
C. The passengers didn’t care about others’ feelings.
D. The center for senior citizens is a good place for love.
【答案】21. C
22. B
23. A
24. B
【解析】一位谈恋爱的老人的快乐心情感染了乘客们，使车上的气氛变活跃了。老人女朋友去世后乘客们也为老人
感到难过。
21. C
细节推理题。根据第二段The next day, the old man boarded the bus energetically, smiled and said loud, “Good morning!”
和One morning he had a bunch of wild flowers in his hand. The driver smilingly asked, “Have you got yourself a girlfriend?”
He nodded shyly, “She lives at the center.”可知老人每天精力充沛地和乘客们打招呼问候是因为他在谈恋爱，故选C.
22. B
推理判断题。根据第一段During the early morning rides, we sat sleepily on our seats.可知老人和乘客们打招呼之前车
上很安静，人们睡意朦胧。根据第三段Every morning after that Charlie always brought a flower. Some regular passengers
began bringing him flowers for his bunch. Everyone smiled and joked about it.可知后来老人改变了车上的气氛，人们开
始说笑，车上充满了活力。故选B.
23. A
细节推理题。根据倒数第二段We stopped at the center for senior citizens. The staff told us he was fine, but he hadn’t
been coming that week. One of his very close friends had died at the weekend.可知老人几天没出现是因为他女朋友去世
了，他沉浸在悲伤之中。故选A.
24. B
推理判断题。根据第三段Every morning after that Charlie always brought a flower. Some regular passengers began
bringing him flowers for his bunch. Everyone smiled and joked about it.可知后来老人改变了车上的气氛，使车上充满了
活力。根据最后一段Inside the bus was a silence, all of us sitting with our eyes filled with tears and wild flowers in our
hands.可知人们的心情也受到感染。故选B.
6. 【山东省曲阜市2018 届高三上学期期中】A
Most people have a “fear” of getting old, especially when they get to those “milestone” birthdays. Not me! I was even
more excited about turning 30 because this would be my golden birthday.
A few months after my 30th birthday when my little girl, Annie, turned two, I decided it was time for me to have my
heart check-up. I have a family history of heart disease, so I knew this visit was important.
I made an appointment with the doctor, who had a very clear picture of my family history of heart disease. I got
checked in, weighed, blood pressure checked, and all seemed just fine. However, since my mom had a hole in her heart, my
doctor decided to do the same check on my heart. When it was done, my doctor sat me down and said, “You have a heart
condition. Only 10% of your heart is functioning.” How could this be?
After the shock settled in, I told myself that I had to pick myself back up and move forward. I wasn’t the first woman to
be diagnosed with heart disease, and sadly I wouldn’t be the last.
Just 10 years ago, my diagnosis would be almost immediately fatal. Yet, because of the advances in technology and
medicine and the contribution of the American Heart Association, I now have a chance to pick out Annie’s wedding dress
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
with her one day.
One day, I will be the recipient of a new heart because of the research done by the American Heart Association. I will
be able to run, jump, swim ... The face of heart disease can be deceiving; don’t let this silent killer deceive you.
1. What did the writer do after she heard the doctor’s words?
A. She refused to have any kind of treatment.
B. She was shocked and thought it was not true.
C. She cried and didn’t know what to do.
D. She was shocked and then decided to fight the disease.
2. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Heart disease is not that horrible.
B. Family members are important to us.
C. The writer will attend her daughter’s wedding ceremony very soon.
D. The writer got a new heart with the help of the American Heart Association.
3. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. A Touching Mother-Daughter Relationship
B. A New Treatment for Heart Disease
C. A Young Mother’s Battle Against Heart Disease
D. The True Meaning of Heart Disease
【答案】1. D
2. A
3. C
【解析】这篇文章主要讲了作者的家庭有心脏病病史，作者去医院检查时，发现自己也患有心脏病。作者并没有悲
观丧气，坚信随着医疗技术的不断发展，自己一定会好起来，于是勇敢地和病魔作斗争。作者希望有一天，可以为
女儿挑选婚纱。
1. 细节理解题。由After the shock settled in, I told myself that I had to pick myself back up and move forward.可知听了医
生的话后，作者很吃惊并且决定和疾病做斗争，选D。
2. 推理判断题。由Yet, because of the advances in technology and medicine and the contribution of the American Heart
Association, I now have a chance to pick out Annie’s wedding dress with her one day. One day, I will be the recipient of a
new heart because of the research done by the American Heart Association. I will be able to run, jump, swim ...可推断出
心脏病并不是那么可怕，选A。
3. 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了作者的家庭有心脏病病史，作者去医院检查时，发现自己也患有心脏病。作者并
没有悲观丧气，坚信随着医疗技术的不断发展，自己一定会好起来，于是勇敢地和病魔作斗争。作者希望有一天，
可以为女儿挑选婚纱。选C。
7. 【辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2018 届高三上学期第二次模拟】B
A primary school in Britain has put up signs to warn parents, who are addicted to playing with their phones, to greet
their children with a smile rather than stare at their screens. It has become a common sight at the school gate to see
children running up to their parents, only to find their parent are absorbed in reading news online, reading e-book, or
watching their favorite videos.
Now the headmaster at a primary school in Middlesbrough, has put up the signs at all three entrances to the school.
The signs say, “Greet your a woman holding a phone to her ear is crossed out in a red circle. The headmaster said, “We are
trying to develop students’ speaking and listening skills and we think it is a simple way to get the message across. It isn’t
only an issue among parents, but it also emphasizes that speaking and listening can help student to have discussions.”
The move had different responses. Danielle Parker, a parent, said, “I think the signs are unacceptable because most of
the parents pick their children up with phones.” Another parent said, “It’s a good thing. Greeting children with smiles can
also develop the relationship between parents and children.” Some parents when questioned were hesitant about the
signs. Lindan Bradley, a pupil at the school, said he agreed with the signs, saying, “Why should children see parents playing
their mobile phones all the time?”
Last year, research warned that parents’ devotion to cellphones had made some neglected children start primary
school unable to hold conversations. Almost a third of children are not ready for the classroom when they start school.
5. Why did the school put up signs at its entrances?
A. To encourage parents to meet pupils with smiles.
B. To describe a common sight of its school gates..
C. To remind pupils to be careful while walking.
D. To introduce the primary school to parents.
6. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Playing with the phones.
B. Greeting children.
C. Putting up signs.
D. Smiling.
7. What may be the effects of parents’ devotion to play with phones?
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
A. It may reduce pupils’ time spent on phones..
B. It may discourage students from working hard.
C. It may make students be addicted to computer games.
D. It may cause children to lack the ability of communication.
8. What is the author’s attitude to the signs put up by the school?
A. Approving.
B. Opposed.
C. Objective.
D. Indifferent.
【答案】5. A
6. C
7. D
8. C
【解析】英国一个学校在入口处树立标志牌提醒家长用微笑接孩子而不是只顾看手机，呼吁家长多花点时间在孩子
身上，以此来提高孩子的交流能力。
5. A
细节推理题。根据第一段A primary school in Britain has put up signs to warn parents, who are addicted to playing with
their phones, to greet their children with a smile rather than stare at their screens.可知学校在入口设牌子的目的是提醒
家长用微笑接孩子而不是只顾看手机，故选A.
6. C
猜测词义题。此处指校长认为用这些标志牌来提醒家长，多和孩子交流提高孩子的听说能力，it 指竖起的标志牌，
故选C.
7. D
推理判断题。根据第二段It isn’t only an issue among parents, but it also emphasizes that speaking and listening can help
student to have discussions.和最后一段research warned that parents’ devotion to cellphones had made some neglected
children start primary school unable to hold conversations.可知由于父母在手机上花费时间太多而忽视了和孩子交流，
造成孩子上学后交流能力差，故选D.
8. C
推理判断题。根据第三段The move had different responses.作者对不同人的观点陈述，最后一段research warned that…
的陈述可知文中作者只是客观陈述事实，并没有发表自己的观点。故选C.
8. 【天津市耀华中学2018 届高三上学期第一次月考】C
I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad
situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to hold two funerals on successive (连续的）days for two elderly
women in my community. Both had died “full of years”, as the Bible would say. Their homes happened to be near each
other, so I paid condolence (吊唁）calls on the two families on the same afternoon.
At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的）woman said to me, “If only I had sent my mother to Florida and
gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died.” At the second home, the son of
the other deceased woman said, “If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That
long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate, was more than she could take. It’s my fault that she’s dead.”
You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out
badly, they believe that the opposite course 一keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation—would have turned out
better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?
There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty. The first is our pressing need to believe that
the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to
find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.
The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It
seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots
of this feeling may lie in our childhood.
A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes
up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he
is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that
childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.
46. What is said about the two deceased elderly women?
A. They lived out a natural life.
B. They died of exhaustion after the long plane rides.
C. They weren’t used to the change in weather.
D. They died due to lack of care by family members.
47. The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because
.
A. he wanted to comfort the two families
B. he was an official from the community
C. he had great pity for the deceased
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
D. he was minister of the local church
48. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because
.
A. they couldn’t find a better way to express their sorrow
B. they believe that they were responsible
C. they had neglected the natural course of events
D. they didn’t know things often turned out in the opposite direction
49. According to the passage, the underlined part in paragraph 4 probably means that
.
A. everything in the world is predetermined
B. the world can be interpreted in different ways
C. there's an explanation for everything in the world
D. we have to be sensible in order to understand the world
50. What’s the idea of the passage?
A. Life and death is an unsolved mystery.
B. Every story should have a happy ending.
C. Never feel guilty all the time because not every disaster is our fault.
D. In general, the survivors will feel guilty about the people who passed away.
【答案】46. A
47. D
48. B
49. C
50. C
【解析】试题分析：本文通过两个老人去世，儿子都把责任归咎于自己。告诉我们世界上发生的所有事情都是有自
己的因果关系，没有必要为此感觉内疚。
46. A 推理题。根据第一段3,4 行Both had died “ full of years”, as theBiblewould say.说明他们都是自然死亡的年龄都已
经很大了。故A 正确。
47. D 细节题。根据第一段2,3 行One January, I had to hold two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my
community.说明这两个葬礼我要我主持，是因为我是教堂里的牧师，故D 项正确。
48. B 细节题。根据第三段第一行You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty.说明他们都认为自
己对于亲人的去世是负有责任的。故B 正确。
49. C 推理题。根据第四段The first is our pressing need to believe thatthe world makes sense, that there is a cause for
every effect and a reason for everything that happens that leads us to find patterns and connections both where they
really exist and where they exist only in our minds.说明世界上的每一个事物都有自己的原因和结果。每个事情的发生
都有自己的理由，故C 正确。
50. C 推理题。根据文章倒数2,3 段说明很多人都把亲人的去世归咎于自己，实际上这是不正确的。我们我们永远都
不要把这些发生的不幸的事情归咎于我们自己。故C 正确。
考点：考查人生百态类短文阅读
点评：本文要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕
捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础;要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到
抽象，从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以
偏概全。要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。
9. 【北京市通州区2017 届高三第一次模拟】B
My Experience in Ghana
I decided to take part in an exchange program in Ghana. The 30 of us participating in the program met up the first
morning in Ghana to meet Fred, our guide in Ghana.
We boarded the bus to Senase, a village of 3,000 in Northwest Ghana. Once we got to the village, we were greeted
by the queen mother and the other elders. A young girl performed a dance for us with Ghanaian drums, and then the
elders each thanked us for coming to the village and helping their children and their schools.
After our meeting ended, we split up into three groups and went to different schools, spending most of the day
handing out toothbrushes and school supplies, meeting with the children, and playing games with various classes. It was
really interesting to see the schools and to see what all of the different classes were learning.
We got back to our host’s house that night literally seconds before the skies opened up over Senase, and since the
power was out, Fred, Cari (my roommate) and I sat out under the roof listening to the pouring rain and talking about our
lives. We were able to hear Fred’s story, which was absolutely incredible. I can say it gave me a new sense of respect for the
Ghanaian people, their unity in the face of tremendous hardship, and the immense amount of care and love they hold in
their hearts, not only for their families but their entire community.
The next day we performed our dance for one of the schools, to the delight (and laughter) of the children, queen
mother, and principal. After that we were on the bus heading back.
During the bus ride, new thoughts and questions filled my mind. Where is this fire Senase lit in my heart going to take
me, and how can I feed it and build it into real change? How do I bring this back to my community, and then back home to
my family and friends? These were only a few of the questions that I was struggling with and continue to struggle with, and
I can’t say I have found any answers yet. All I know is that Senase did light a fire within me, and I refuse to ever let it burn
out.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
59. How did Senase villagers feel about the author’s visit?
A. Curious.
B. Surprised.
C. Grateful.
D. Nervous.
60. The purpose of the exchange is to _____.
A. give grand performances
B. help local schools and children
C. have great fun and enjoy sceneries
D. better understand Ghanaian customs
61. What impressed the author deeply in Fred’s story?
A. Ghanaian hardship.
B. Ghanaian families.
C. Ghanaian unity.
D. Ghanaian community.
62. This passage shows that _____.
A. the experience will have an impact on the author’s future life
B. a fire was lit in the author’s mind and he tried hard to put it out
C. Senase villagers are struggling between modern life and traditional customs
D. the author was puzzled by the strange Ghanaian life
【答案】59. C
60. B
61. C
62. A
【解析】本文介绍作者在Ghana 的经历。这次经历对作者未来的生活有一个影响。
59. C
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句then the elders each thanked us for coming to the village and helping their children
and their schools. Senase 的村民对作者的访问是感激的。故选C。
60. B
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中helping their children and their schools.可知交换的目的是帮助当地的学校和孩子。
故选B。
61. C
细节理解题。根据第四段中I can say it gave me a new sense of respect for the Ghanaian people, their unity in the face of
tremendous hardship,可知在Fred 的故事中给作者印象最深刻的是Ghanaian unity。故选C。
62. A
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句All I know is that Senase did light a fire within me, and I refuse to ever let it burn out.
可知这次经历对作者未来的生活有一个影响。故选A。
10. 【广东省深圳市高级中学2018 届高三11 月月考】B
The park bench was deserted as I sat down to read beneath the branches of an old willow tree, with good reason to
frown, for the world was intent on dragging me down. At this time, a boy approached me. He stood right before me, and
said with great excitement, “Look what I found!”
In his hand was a flower, and what a pitiful sight, with its petals (花瓣) all worn. Wanting him to take his flower and go
off to play, I faked a small smile and then turned to the other side.
But instead of leaving, he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his nose and declared, “It really smells pretty
and it’s beautiful, too. That’s why I picked it. Here, it’s for you.”
The flower before me was dying or dead. But I knew I must take it, or he might never leave. So I reached for the flower,
and replied, “Just what I need.”
But instead of placing the flower in my hand, he held it in mid-air. It was then that I noticed that the boy was blind.
I heard my voice quiver (轻微颤抖), and at the same time my tears shone like the sun. As I thanked him for picking the
very best one, he smiled and said, “You’re welcome.” And then he ran off to play, unaware of the impact he’d had on me.
I sat there and wondered how he managed to see a self-pitying woman beneath an old willow tree. Perhaps from his
heart, he’d been blessed with true sight.
Through the eyes of the blind boy, I could see the problem was not with the world; the problem was me. And for all of
those times I had been blind. From now on I vowed to see beauty and appreciate every second that’s mine. Then I held the
flower up to my nose and breathed its fragrance and smiled as that young boy.
5. When she sat down to read on the bench, the author _______.
A. felt relaxed and peaceful
B. felt upset and unhappy with her life
C. wanted to have a friend keeping her company
D. felt proud to have overcome the difficulties in life
6. The boy gave the flower to the author probably because _______.
A. he didn’t like it any more
B. he wanted to give the author a lesson
C. he realized the author was in a bad mood
D. he was sure the author would be happy with it
7. Why did the author decide to take the flower at first?
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
A. Because she was really moved by the boy.
B. Because she didn’t want to hurt the young boy.
C. Because she thought the flower was really beautiful.
D. Because she didn’t like being bothered by the boy any more.
8. Which of the following can best describe the boy?
A. Handsome and intelligent.
B. Kind and optimistic.
C. Warmhearted and sensitive.
D. Independent and active.
【答案】5. B
6. D
7. D
8. B
【解析】人生故事类文章。一个人在生活中可能有着诸多的不如意，因此会抑郁、沉闷，就像文章的作者。但当
他在公园邂逅了一个素昧平生的小男孩时，却从他那儿学会了如何坚强，乐观地看待生活、笑对人生。
5. B
推理判断题。根据第一段“I sat down to read beneath the branches of an old willow tree, with good reason to frown, for
the world was intent on dragging me dow” …有理由皱眉头，因为世界在让我情绪低落。drag sb down 使(某人)身体衰
弱(或情绪低落)，使健康状况变坏；拖垮。及第六段第一句“a self-pitying woman”分析这两句话可知作者坐在椅子
看书时因为对生活的不满意而心情不好。故选B。
6. D
推理判断题。根据文章中的第三段“he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his nose and declared,“It really smells
pretty and it’s beautiful, too. That’s why I picked it. Here, it’s for you.””分析中可推理出男孩认为这是一朵漂亮而又香
的花，这样的花人人都喜欢，所以他认为作者肯定喜欢，所以才送给作者，故选D。
7. D
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But I knew I must take it, or he might never leave. So I reached for the flower” （但我知
道我必须接受它，否则他可能永远不会离开。所以我伸手去拿那朵花）分析本句可知作者是为了让孩子离开，就是
不想让孩子打扰自己，才接受花的，故选D。
8. B
推理判断题。根据第一，第二、第三段可知男孩把好不容易找到的他认为最好的花送给一个不相识的人，““It really
smells pretty and it’s beautiful, too. That’s why I picked it. Here, it’s for you.””说明他是善良的男孩。第四段最后一句
that I noticed that the boy was blind.” 。由此可推断出他是个善良而乐观的男孩。故选B。
资料正文内容开始>>
专题9
阅读理解——说明文类
方法与技巧
题型介绍：
材料特点这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几
个特点：1. 文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常
不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2. 句子结构较复杂，语法分
析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3. 常
使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。
命题形式：
命题特点科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判
断题居多。
方法概述
高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。科普类“阅读理解”题愈来
愈受到命题者的青睐｡而科普类文章往往具有跨学科､行文逻辑性强等特点,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要
细节上全面把握｡
【试题特点】
①注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象｡
②贴近学生的学习､生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用｡
③能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析､解决实际问题的能力｡
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
(4)科学方法
图示判断题
科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关学—科—网系为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的
生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判
断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对
生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。分析备选
项时应对照原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。
命题方式
考点一、细节事实理解。
一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）
排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题学@科@网范畴，难度较小，但在
整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。
此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问
1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?
2.Which of the following is not mentioned?
3.All of the following are true except...
4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？
1.直接事实题
在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直
接找到。如：
A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land
and houses around the river.
This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，
which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories
from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San
Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.
This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a
president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona
and Nevada.
Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .
A.between Arizona and Nevada
B.in the Black Canyon
C.between New York and San Francisco
D.both A and B
【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D 项。
2.间接事实题
解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，
appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.
Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss
Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in
Cathay Airline for seven years.However ，
it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage ，
dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.
“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to
have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep
impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.
Q：Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.
C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.
D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.
【解析】A、C 和D 项都可在原文找到答案，而B 项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong 可判断不是moved to
Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。
3、数据推算。
If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ .
A.$100
B.$300
C.$350
D.$400
这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：
1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。
2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。
3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。
考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。
一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容
1.短文的标题（title,headline）；
2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；
3.中心思想(main idea)；
4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。
二、此类题的设问方式
1.What would be the best title for the text?
2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
3.What is the passage mainly about?
4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.
考点三、推理推断。
推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发
生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。
此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：
1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.
2.What can be inferred from the Passage?
3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?
4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.
5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.
6.The writer implies that__________.
7.It can be inferred that__________.
8.It can be concluded from the Passage
that__________.
9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________.
10.From the text we can conclude that__________.
11.After reading the Passage
we may conclude that__________.
12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?
13.The author is inclined to think that__________.
14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________.
15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?
16.In the writer’s opinion,...
考点四、词义、句义猜测。
词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面
上，要根据语境来判断。
此类题的设问方式主要有
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by...
2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests...
3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...
4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确
无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语
法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
1.定义法。如:
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即“退火”。
It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。
The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。
2.同位法。如:
They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.
同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。
3.对比法。如:
She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but 一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，
可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:
Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?
possibility 是possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定possibility 意思是“可能性”。
5.因果法。如：
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could
never play the sport again.
从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。
体验高考
1.[2017·北京卷]
D
Hollywood's theory that machines with evil( 邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real
problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other
than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控
制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot
effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we
really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to
preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a
logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a
robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off
switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global
chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real
world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some
researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but
never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a
firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably
decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand,
as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in
teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if
super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never
happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a
source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist
Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
67．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________．
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
A．run out of human control
B．satisfy human's real desires
C．command armies of killer robots
D．work faster than a mathematician
68．Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ________．
A．prevent themselves from being destroyed
B．achieve their original goals independently
C．do anything successfully with given orders
D．beat humans in international chess matches
69．According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ________．
A．help super intelligent machines work better
B．be secure against evil human beings
C．keep machines from being harmed
D．avoid robots' affecting the world
70．What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?
A．It will disappear with the development of AI.
B．It will get worse with human interference.
C．It will be solved but with difficulty.
D．It will stay for a decade.
【文章大意】本文为科普类文章，讲的是随着科技的发展，人工智能(AI)可能会超出人类的控制。
67．A
段落大意题。第一段第二句说“人工智能虽然擅长完成任务，但这有可能不是我们真正想要的”。因
此选A。
68．A
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“…a wish to preserve its own existence.”可知答案为A。
69．D
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“…but never allowing them to affect the real word.”可知人们利用防
火墙是为了避免机器人影响整个世界，故选D。
70．C
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话“…seems to be possible but not easy.”推出超级智能机器人的安全问题
有可能得到解决但是会有困难，故选C 项。
2. [2017·江苏卷]
B
Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds
and
voices.
They
can
even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger. But
when
it
comes
to
embryonic learning ( 胎教) ，birds could rule the roost. As recently
reported in The Auk ：
Ornithological Advances，some mother birds may teach their young to
sing even before they
hatch (孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mum's call within
a few days of entering
the world.
This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia
Kleindorfer，a biologist
at Flinders University in South Australia，and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat
one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar
chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me！” call.
To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren，
another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and
after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analysing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly
compared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.
It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their mums. And the more frequently mothers
had called to their eggs ，the more similar were the babies' begging calls. In addition ，the team set up a separate
experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mum's voice were rewarded with the most
food.
This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神经系统的) strengths of children
to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. “As a parent，do you invest in quality children，or do you invest
in children that are in need？”Kleindorfer asks. “Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”
58．The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “________”．
A．be the worst
B．be the best
C．be just as bad
D．be just as good
59．What are Kleindorfer's findings based on?
A．Similarities between the calls of mums and chicks.
B．The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
C．The data collected from Queensland's locals.
D．Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.
60．Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which
________．
A．can receive quality signals
B．are in need of training
C．fit the environment better
D．make the loudest call
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了一项新发现：幼鸟在被孵化前母鸟便教它们识别声音了。
母亲呼唤它们的鸟蛋越频繁，则它们的孩子越会发出相似的声音；幼鸟的声音越像它们母亲的声音，则它们获得的
食物奖励就越多。
58. B
词义猜测题。第一段将人类婴儿与幼鸟进行了对比，画线词组所在句上文讲出生前人的辨别声音的能力
很强，下文讲一些母鸟在幼鸟被孵化之前就教它们学唱歌了。据此可以判断，在胎教方面，鸟儿的表现是最好的，
推测“rule the roost”意为“be the best”，故选B 项。
59. A
细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to
their mothers—a sound that served as their regular ‘feed me！’ call.”可知，当这些幼鸟被孵化出来的时候，它们也
发出了和它们的妈妈类似的鸣叫。据此可知，Sonia Kleindorfer 的发现是以母鸟和幼鸟叫声的相似点为基础的，故选
A 项。
60. C
推理判断题。第四段“In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds
that most closely imitated their mum's voice were rewarded with the most food.(一项单独的实验表明模仿母鸟声音最接
近的幼鸟会得到最多的食物)”和最后一段研究人员的研究结果表明，母鸟会选择质量优良的孩子，因此可以推断，
母鸟通过胎教来确定质量优良的幼鸟，即最会模仿它们声音的幼鸟。质量优良的幼鸟无需过多帮助就能更好地适应
环境，故选C 项。
3.[2017·江苏卷]
D
Old problem，new approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life，global warming will continue for some decades after CO2
emissions (排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today，we would still face the challenge of adapting
to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not
talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least，the US
National Climate Assessment says that：“There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless，there are some
actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways，especially in some poor countries. Floods have become
more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His
not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries，schools，and health clinics，and are equipped
with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded
roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level：his staff show people how to make floating
gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in
India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous
threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel's
inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into
shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water.
Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200，000m3 of water. Climate change is
a continuing process, so Norphel's ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few
years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth's reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which
reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is
heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all
cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun
painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The
outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”．
More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western
Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has
allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new
produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt,
it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most
sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that
way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
65．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies ________．
A．adaptation is an ever-changing process
B．the cost of adaptation varies with time
C．global warming affects adaptation forms
D．adaptation to climate change is challenging
66．What is special with regard to Rezwan's project?
A．The project receives government support.
B．Different organizations work with each other.
C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation.
D．The project connects flooded roads and highways.
67．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?
A．Storing ice for future use.
B．Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C．Changing the irrigation time.
D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
68．What do we learn from the Peru example?
A．White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B．The global warming trend cannot be stopped.
C．This country is heating up too quickly.
D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
69．According to the author, polluting industries should ________．
A．adapt to carbon pollution
B．plant highly profitable crops
C．leave carbon emission alone
D．fight against carbon pollution
70．What's the author's preferred solution to global warming?
A．Setting up a new standard.
B．Reducing carbon emission.
C．Adapting to climate change.
D．Monitoring polluting industries.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界各地适应如今全球变暖的气候的方法。
65. A
句意理解题。根据第二段第二句“We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a
constantly shifting set of conditions.”可知，我们并不是在讨论适应一个新的标准，而是适应不断变化的条件。据此
可以判断，这句话的意思是：适应是一个不断变化的过程。故选A 项。
66. C
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.”以及
该段其他内容可知，Rezwan 所在的组织充分利用洪水灾害为人们提供便利，故选C 项。
67. A
细节理解题。根据第四段“The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous
threat to agriculture…Norphel's inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He
directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.”可知，“冰人”适应全球
变暖的影响的方法是冬天将水冻成冰储存起来，以备春天用，故选A 项。而这种方法并没有防止冰川的融化和改变
灌溉的时间，故排除B、C 和D 项。
68. D
细节理解题。根据第五段“Increasing Earth's reflectiveness can cool the planet…By painting buildings white,
cities may slow down the warming process.”以及第六段“…painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that
the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.”可知，提高地球对光的反射能力可以缓解气候变暖，而秘鲁农
民的做法恰恰印证了这一点。故选D 项。
69. D
推理判断题。根据第七段“When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon
pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.”以及最后一段
“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”可知，一些
污染企业辩解称他们无法控制碳污染，只能选择适应，这完全是胡扯，污染企业仍然要减少碳排放，与碳污染做斗
争。故选D 项。
70. B
推理判断题。根据文章最后两句“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.”可知，作
者认为最合理的应对全球变暖的方法是减少碳排放，此举将避免在其他很多方面改变的需要。故选B 项。
4.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
D
A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not
readily available. Developed by two doctors in the US Department of Agriculture, it's an excellent water collector.
Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.
The only components required, though, are a 5′×5′ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a
container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened
on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the
hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay
the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the
hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's centre
down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet
must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the
sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can
suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won't have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
32．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A．It's delicate.
B．It's expensive.
C．It's complex.
D．It's portable.
33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The tube.
B．The still.
C．The hole.
D．The cup.
34．What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A．Dig a hole of a certain size.
B．Put the cup in place.
C．Weight the sheet's centre down.
D．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
35．When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from ________．
A．the plastic tube
B．outside the hole
C．the open air
D．beneath the sheet
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的太阳能蒸馏器的方法和它的工
作原理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。
32. D
推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句话“These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on
your belt.”可知，制作蒸馏器的东西可以叠放成一个小包，系在腰间，说明制作蒸馏器的设备很轻便。portable 表示
“轻便的；手提的”。故选D。
33. B
词义猜测题。根据文章“Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's productivity.”可知，
最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。接水器指的是在潮湿的地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯
子上方用塑料板遮挡。整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D。就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯
子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围的环境变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。
34. C
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the
plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's centre down with a rock.”可知，最后一步是weighting the sheet's centre down
with a rock，即“放一块石头在塑料板的中间，把它压下去”，故选C。
35. D
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small
drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup.”可知，地下水蒸发，在塑料板上聚集起来直到形
成小水滴落在杯子里。塑料板是在杯子上面的，所以水滴是凝聚在塑料板的下面。故选D。
5. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
C
Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal
of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that
fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition，which flew at 1，400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around
70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.
On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Around 100 people have already put down a $10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those
numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.
But don't
expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279，000.And it won't
help if you're stuck
in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert.
But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already
permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition
is now going
through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate
set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner
would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would
find relatively easy to meet.
28．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The basic data of the Transition.
B．The advantages of flying cars.
C．The potential market for flying cars.
C．The designers of the Transition.
29．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?
A．It causes traffic jams.
B．It is difficult to operate.
C．It is very expensive.
D．It burns too much fuel.
30．What is the government's attitude to the development of the flying car?
A．Cautious.
B．Favourable.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Disapproving.
31．What is the best title for the text?
A．Flying car at Auto Show
B．The Transition's first flight
C．Pilots' dream coming true
D．Flying car closer to reality
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文比较详细地介绍了新型交通工具——陆空两用汽车的独特性能和前景。
28. A
段落大意题。第一段第三、四、五句中的各种数据总结了Transition 的各种基本性能。
29. C
推理判断题。该款汽车投入市场后的售价将高达279 000 美元，可知其价格昂贵。文中并未对其操作的
难易程度给予介绍，油耗高低也并非主要原因。
30. B
细节理解题。第三段提到政府已同意该公司使用特殊材料降低飞行难度，因此可知政府是支持的。A 选
项有较大干扰，但crash tests(碰撞试验)并非政府的要求，因此不能得出政府对于开发该款汽车态度谨慎的结论。
ambiguous 的意思是“模棱两可的，含混不清的”。政府已经同意选用特殊材料改良该车，不能说态度含混不清。
31. D
主旨大意题。该文第一段介绍Transition 的性能指标，第二段介绍Transition 的市场愿景，第三段则在
介绍陆空两用汽车的历史的基础上得出结论：Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality
＝Flying car closer to reality。
6. [2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
D
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named
“DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people,
leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they
hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe
explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their
independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any
potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving
before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand
what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these
problems.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found
that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at
risk of getting fined. We're looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer
behind the wheel.”
32．What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A．To explore new means of transport.
B．To design new types of cars.
C．To find out older drivers' problems.
D．To teach people traffic rules.
33．Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A．It keeps them independent.
B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength.
D．It cures their mental illnesses.
34．What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A．Improve their driving skills.
B．Develop driver-assist technologies.
C．Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D．Organize regular physical checkups.
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．A new model electric car
B．A solution to traffic problems
C．Driving services for elders
D．Keeping older drivers on the road
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了老年人开车会面临的问题及相应的解决方法。
32. C
细节理解题。题干关键词为DriveLAB。题干中的purpose 对应原文的in order to。根据首段的“…in order
to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.”可知，该实验室是为
了发现老年司机的一些问题，故选C。
33. A
细节理解题。题干关键词为driving important 和for older people，由此可以锁定第四段末句，由该部分
的“…driving is important for preserving their independence…without having to rely on others.”可知选A。
34. B
细节理解题。由第三段可知研究者正在研发“in-vehicle technologies for older drivers”以帮助老年人继续
开车，即研发驾驶辅助系统。
35. D
主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一些帮助老年人继续开车的解决方案，以确保老年人能克服一些身体上的
不便，以便能继续开车。故选D。
7.[2017·浙江卷6 月考]
B
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National
Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up
early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15%
said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: Most of them sleep about 18 hours a
day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal (理想的). But the new National Sleep
Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the
surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more
homework, the Internet and the phone，” says Dr Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.
She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other
experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers'
bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes
later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7：25 am to 8：30 am.
Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25．What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?
A. American kids' sleeping habits.
B. Teenagers' sleep-related diseases.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.
D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.
26．How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?
A. 7 hours.
B. 8 hours.
C. 10 hours.
D. 18 hours.
27．Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents' examples.
D. They don't need to go to school early.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了当今美国青少年晚睡的坏习惯，以及产生的原因和应对措
施等。
25. A
推理判断题。根据文章第一段首句“Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.”，同
时结合下文“According to a new survey (调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18…60% of 7-
to 12-year-olds…and 15% said…”可知，该调查主要关注的是青少年的睡眠习惯，所以选A 项。
26. C
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal (理想的)．”可知，11 岁左右的
青少年最佳的睡眠时间是10 小时，故答案选C 项。
27. B
推理判断题。根据第三段“…with more homework…She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all
excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.”可以推断，由于青少年晚上的活动都过于使人兴奋，所
以青少年们很难马上静下心来睡觉，从而导致晚睡，故答案选B 项。
8.【2016·北京】C
California Condor’s Shocking
Recovery
California
condors
are
North
America’s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical
lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric
shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are
now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in
Mexico.
Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,”
says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if
they touch two lines at once.
So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear
of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of
set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.
Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,
they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to
kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated
with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The
annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.
Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.
“Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are
worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”
63.California condors attract researchers’ interest because they
.
A.are active at night
B.had to be bred in the wild
C.are found on in California
D.almost died out in the 1980s
64. Researchers have found electrical lines are
.
A.blocking condors’ journey home
B. big killers of Califorbnia condoras
C. rest places for condors at night
D. used to keep condors away
65. According to Paraghaph 5 ,lead poisoning
.
A.makes condors too nervous to fly
B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys
C. can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ blood
D. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
66. The passage shows that
.
A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactory
B.Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering
C.the efforts to protect condors have brought good results
D.researchers have found the final answers to the problem
【答案】
63. D64. B65. D66. C
【解析】
试题分析：加利福尼亚神鹰是北美最大的鸟类，双翼展开可达3 米。由于频繁的触电和铅中毒，加利福尼亚神鹰几
乎绝迹。现在，电击和药物治疗正在拯救加利福尼亚神鹰。
63. D 推理判断题。根据第三段“As they go in to rest for the night”排除A；根据第二段“In the late 1980s, the last few
condors were taken from the wil”可知，condors 一直生活在野外，排除B；根据第二段“more than 150 flying over
California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico”可知，不止加利福尼亚有condors，排除C，故选D。
64. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“ Electrical lines have been killing them off...Their wings can bridge the gap between lines,
resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.”可知，神鹰不知道停在电线上会触电身亡，它们经常
停在电线上休息，结果，很多被电死了，故选B。
65. D 段落大意题。根据“This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾)
failures and death”可知，金属铅会刺激神鹰神经系统，影响它们的生育能力，导致肾衰竭和死亡，故选D。
66. C 推理判断题。根据“just under eight years”可知，神鹰的平均寿命太短，排除A；根据“Although these measures
are not effective forever”可知，目前采用的措施并不能永远有效，排除D；根据第六段“They are truly good birds that
are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”可知，Rideout 团队的研究兴趣在于怎样挽救这一濒危物种，故选
C。
考点：环保类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正
确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得
到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，
推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
推理判断题的解题方法：
推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再
通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。
任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者需要知道如何去做或按照某种方式思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能
在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的
前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
9.【2016·浙江】C
A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in
common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby
is,well, just playing…right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists have argued that this “play” is
more like a
scientific investigation than one might think.
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it
falls in the ground---and, in the process, it belongs out important evidence about how physical objects interact ; bowls of
rice do not flood in mid-sit, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact
of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through
repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their
ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about
the natural world ), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I
expected?).
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way---that they
investigate human psychology and the rules of language
using similar means. For example, it may only be through
repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that
other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has. for example, unlike the child , Mommy actually
doesn’t like Dove chocolate.
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn ,but it also offers an
inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have
suggested that science as an effort ---the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world---is simply something that
comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their
worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult
scientists. As some psychologists put it, ”It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
50. According to some developmental psychologists,
A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game.
B. scientific research into babies; games is possible
C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated
D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment
51. We learn from Paragraph 2 that
A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
B. scientists and babies often interact with each other
C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support
D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do
52. Children may learn the rules of language by
A. exploring the physical world
B. investigating human psychology
C. repeating their own experiments
D. observing their parents’ behaviors
53. What is themain idea of the last paragraph?
A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.
B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
54. What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?
A. Convincing.
B. Confused.
C. Confidence.
D. Cautious.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。
50. D 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的but some developmental psychologists have argued that this “play” is more like a
scientific investigation than one might think，可知心理学家觉得孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有些相似，故选D。
51. D 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段的句子overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world)可知孩子也会
像科学家一样收集证据，故选D。
52. C 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段的句子For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence
gathering and finally overturning a theory 可知孩子可以通过重复自己的实验来学习语言的规律，故选C。
53. B 考查细节理解。根据最后一段的句子viewing childhood development as scientific investigation throws light on how
children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.可知，研究孩子可以让人们更好的了解科学，
故选B。
54. D 考查推理判断。根据作者在文中的用词appear to 和may 来弱化绝对性的表达，和通过引用其他人的观点some
psychologist suggest/argue that 可知，作者的语气是谨慎的。故选D。
【名师点睛】
阅读理解有时理解文章的长难句是关键，理解不了这些句子很难理解文章的大意。下面我们分析一下这篇文章
中的长句。
句子1：It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it.
这句话使用分号连接两个并列分句，前面的分句使用It is likely that 这个句型，还有knowing…作伴随状语，后
面的分句是nor+倒装句的结构。
句意：可能孩子不是天生就知道宇宙的基本事实，他们也没有被清楚的教过。
句子2：For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a
theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or
she has.
这句话使用强调句，强调的是through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory,
这部分比较长，考生可能没有注意这个句式。主干部分中idea 后面是同位语从句，from 后面还有宾语从句。
句意：例如，它可能只是通过反复实验，收集证据，并最终推翻一个理论，一个婴儿会接受其他人可以和他/
她有不同的意见和愿望的想法。
考点：考查说明类短文阅读
10. 【2016·江苏】B
Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the
minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food
for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to
gather their own food.
In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of
food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at
random ---he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to
share information and to participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this
cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried
adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed
in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children
to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is
that
social
intelligence.
Develops
in
children
before
their
general
cognitive
（
认
知
的
）
skills,at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on t
he physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world
The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t in what Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they
can infer what others know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They
actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.
58. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?
A. Chimps seldom care about others’ interests.
B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.
C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food.
D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.
59. Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they____.
A. have the instinct to help others
B. know how to offer help to adults
C. know the world better than chimps
D. trust adults with their hands full
60. The passage is mainly about ____.
A. the helping behaviors of young children
B. ways to train children’s shared intentionality
C. cooperation as a distinctive human nature
D. the development of intelligence in children
【答案】58.A 59.A 60.C
【解析】
试题分析：本文从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的
本能天性的原因。
58.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段后两句“If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself
or,...... he will pull at random ---he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish”可知黑
猩猩很自私，通常会把邻居的食物搞的一团糟。说明他们根本不关心其他人的利益。故A 正确。
59.A 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full
trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.和第四段第一句There are several reasons to believe that the
urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children.可知只有18 个月的孩子就知道
去帮助他人，而且帮助他人的做法并不是父母亲教的，属于人类的本能。故A 项正确。
60.C 主旨大意题。本文属于科普说明文，作者从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类愿意
帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能天性的原因。ABD 都属于文章的部分内容，并非中心思想。故C 项正确。
【名师点睛】
本文【小题60】属于主旨大意题。本文使用了正方形写作法。即中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。阅
读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，
先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题
则迎刃而解。注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。（自然段少的文章中心句不很明显。自然段多的
文章，则比较好联系中心句，找一个和中心句最贴近的选项），文章段落的中间部分则可采用略读或扫读的方式，
一则省时间，二则目标明确，正确率自然也相应提高了。掌握了找主题句或中心句的方法，就可以依据主题句或中
心句归纳主题。
考生要特别注意：首段陷阱。即首段虽然貌似主题句或中心句，但却没有完整概括文章全意，或只片面地说到文章
的某一个层次，或者是作者设置的几个需要读者判定的文意。这样的信息用来做主题句或中心句就会落入陷阱。以
本文为例：本文的第一段只是一个导入的段落，从第一段中猩猩的自私行为导入到第三段中人类无私帮助他人的本
能，分析了人类愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能天性的原因。
考点：考查科普说明文阅读
11.【2016·江苏】C
El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global
weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow
westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on
balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly
because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich
countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming
worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface
flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around
the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments
can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the
past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite
evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道）make it
less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less
likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil
conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship
may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters
are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters
linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
61. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?
A. It is named after a South American fisherman.
B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.
C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.
D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.
62. What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?
A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.
B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.
C. Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.
D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.
63. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that_________.
A. more investment should go to risk reduction
B. governments of poor countries need more aid
C. victims of El Nino deserve more compensation
D. recovery and reconstruction should come first
64. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To introduce El Nino and its origin.
B. To explain the consequences of El Nino.
C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino.
D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino.
【答案】61.D 62.C 63.A 64.D
【解析】
试题分析：本文介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响，并告诉我们诺政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不
是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。
61.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow
back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.可知厄尔尼诺现
象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。故D 正确。
62.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose.可知富有
国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处要大于所得到的坏处。接着在第三句中列举了1997 年的厄尔尼诺给美国经济带
来的好处。故C 项正确。
63.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of
disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding
afterwards.根据ODI 的观点，为应对厄尔尼诺政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺现象的危害而不是在出现问题以
后再进行重新补救和恢复。故A 项正确。
64.D 目的意图题。本文主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响，并告诉我们诺政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺
的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。再根据最后一句“Since the poorest are least likely to make up
for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.”各国政府要把减少损失放
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
在优先的位置。也就是说我们要事先做好准备。故D 项正确。
【名师点睛】
本文【小题64】属于阅读理解中的目的意图题。作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度
都不可避免地在文章中反映出来｡常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类词（approving, positive, optimistic,等），贬义
类词(critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning)和中性类词(indifferent, serious, objective, concerned, neutral)。这就要求
考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞, 尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的形容词如
improving, encouraging, disappointing, fail, ignore 等，以及作者对人物语言､行为和思想的描写,从中领悟作者的写作意
图和态度｡
本文最后一句Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their
losses needs to be the priority.既然最贫穷的国家最不可能从厄尔尼诺这样的灾难中得到弥补，那么我们要把减少损失
放在首要位置。从本句的措词中可以看出本文正是要敦促我们要为可能发生的厄尔尼诺做好准备。
考点：考查科普说明文阅读
12.【2016·全国新课标I】D
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person ha
s nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural
groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间
隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a
person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some
traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and
suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before
continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in
relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use
silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when
instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still
another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in
authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the
personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction
of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who
understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own
and from other cultures.
32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A. It implies anger.
B. It promotes friendship.
C. It is culture-specific.
D. It is content-based.
33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A. The Chinese.
B. The French.
C. The Mexicans.
D. The Russians.
34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B. Break it while treating patients.
C. Evaluate its harm to patients.
D. Make use of its healing effects.
35. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Sound and Silence
B. What It Means to Be Silent
C. Silence to Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
【答案】
32-35.C A D B
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。在有些时候，人们利用沉默来解
决人们之间的冲突，而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
32.C 细节理解题。根据文章首段首句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups
可知，作者认为沉默是有
文化特性的。
33.A
细节理解题。根据第二段中what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been
said before continuing 可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。
34.D 细节理解题。根据末段末句A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist
in the care of patients 可知，作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选D 。
35.B 主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B 选项可以概括文章内
容。故选B 。
考点：社会生活类短文阅读
13.【2016·全国新课标II】C
Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then
meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an
identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an
adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the
people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”
Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will
go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to
the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people
not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The
site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.
9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?
A. To explain what they are.
B.To introduce BookCrossing.
C. To stress the importance of reading.
D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.
10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to?
A. The book.
B.An adventure.
C.A public place.
D. The identification number.
11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?
A. Meet other readers to discuss it.
B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.
C. Pass it on to another reader.
D. Mail it back to its owner.
12. What is the best title for the text?
A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour
B. Electronic Books: A new Trend
C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back
D. A Website Links People through Books
【答案】9. B
10. A
11. C
12. D
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于说明文，介绍了BookCrossing.com 所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过程。
9.B 目的意图题。作者在第一段中提出读书也是一个社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内
容，增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后一句提出BookCrossing.com,说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站
BookCrossing.com。故B 正确。
10.A 代词指代题。根据本句“....hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader
who finds it”那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it 指代前半句提到的同一事
物“the book”。故A 正确。
11.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“....the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust
on a shelf at home”让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站BookCrossing.com 的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图
书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故C 项正确。
12.D 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知BookCrossing.com 把人生命中最重要的两个事物：人和书联系在一起。D 项
内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。
【名师点睛】
本文【小题10】考查了代词指代题。根据本句“....hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with
each new reader who finds it”留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it 指代前半句提
到的同一事物“the book”。
阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him 或them 可以指上文提到的
人或物，其中it 和that 还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容
进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如：
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
However, the question that "moon people" asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are
seriously thinking about it.
首先，it 指上句中的the question，而the question 又指上一段中“月球人”所提的问题，所以要经过两次查找才
能选出答案。
考点：考查说明文阅读
14.【2016·全国新课标III】C
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.
It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has
caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the
limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the
range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of
anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything
else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is
Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple
lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are
family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial
orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near
Faversham in Kent.
8. What can people do at the apple events?
A. Attend experts’ lectures.
B. Visit fruit-loving families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard.
D. Taste many kinds of apples.
9. What can we learn about Decio?
A. It is a new variety.
B. It has a strange look.
C. It is rarely seen now.
D. It has a special taste.
10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean?
A. A practical idea.
B. A vain hope.
C.A brilliant plan.
D. A selfish desire.
11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show how to grow apples.
B .To introduce an apple festival.
C. To help people select apples.
D. To promote apple research.
【解析】
试题分析：作者向人们介绍了一个节日－－Apple Day。由于这个节日翡翠受欢迎，现在已经演变成“苹果月”了。
在英国，人们在十月份庆祝该节日，持续大约一个月的时间。
8. D 细节理解题。根据第二段“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”
可知，参加相关的庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果，故选D。
9. C 推理判断题。故选C。
10. B 猜测词义题。根据第二段“to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio”可知，Decio 是许
多仍然存在的经典苹果种类之一，根据“which is more of a curiosity than anything else”可知，人们品尝它是出于好奇
心，故选B。
11. B 写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to
see what’s around. ”和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at
Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选B。
考点：生活故事类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸
闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详
有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
解题技巧：
1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，
所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意
图，属于必考点。例如第11 题，考查写作意图。作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加有关的
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
活动。
2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因
和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的
感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。
3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的
信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如
果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。
15.【2016·天津】C
When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out
the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates.
He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed
that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who
worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,”
said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves,
others felt good about them.”
Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the
researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity
scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who
had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times
as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family
social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important.
Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings
(基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.
The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can
live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love
one’s work.”
46. What do we know about John?
A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B. He had few childhood playmates.
C. He received little love from his family.
D. He was envied by others in his childhood.
47. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.
A. a description of personal values and social values
B. an analysis of how work was related to competence
C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children
D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men
48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by _____.
A. recording the boys’ effort in school
B. evaluating the men’s mental health
C. comparing different sets of scores
D. measuring the men’s problem solving ability
49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Quick to react
B. Having a thin edge
C. Clear and definite
D. sudden and rapid
50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. competent adults know more about love than work.
B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D. Independence is the key to one’s success.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章通过John 的例子结合一个研究发现说明童年时期帮助做一些家务的孩子长大后
会更快乐，更成功。
46. A 考查细节理解。根据第一段的句子He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.，可知，John
喜欢他的事业和婚姻。故选A。
47.D 考查推理判断。根据第二段的句子Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
feel they were worthwhile members of society，可知，第二段Vaillant 的话是解释为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人。故
选D。
48. C 考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子The researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their
boyhood-activity scores，可知，Vaillant 的团队获得他们的发现是通过对比不同的得分。故选C。
49. C 考查词义猜测。根据第四段的句子The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as
adults was surprisingly sharp（这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是令人惊讶地明显），
结合下面一句进一步可知，这里sharp 的意思是“明确的，一定的”。故选C。
50. B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段的句子One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how too
love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work，可知，情感健康对于好的成年人生活是基本的。故选B。
【名师点睛】这篇文章内容和学生自己的生活密切相关，而且是通过调查研究的方式给出，更加有说服力，虽然是
考试题，学生应该有兴趣阅读，文章篇幅适中。考查比较全面，除了理解细节题，还需要适当的推理，还有词义辨
析类的题目，对学生能力考查比较全面。
做词义辨析类的题目，要仔细阅读这个词所在的前后的句子，发现有没有关联的同义词，反义词或是这个词的定义，
分析这篇阅读的49 题，要求判断sharp 的含义，这个词不是陌生的单词，高中教材上出现过，它的意思是“锋利的，
尖锐的，敏捷的，聪明的”，但是代入后，发现这些意思都不符合，而结合所在句子，特别是下文的Those who had done
the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to
be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.可知和上文的观点是一致的，也就是这些人在孩子的时
候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是令人惊讶地明显。答案也不难得出。
16.【2016·上海】（B）
Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then,
many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the
Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have
decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also
aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon
emissions.
3.5℃
This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon
emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.
2℃
To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this
increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.
1.5℃
This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations
like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.
0.8℃
This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.
0℃
The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.
70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.
A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020
B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries
C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol
D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming
71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?
A. The human population would increase by one third.
B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.
C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.
72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the
industrial age, should be_______.
A. 0.8℃
B. 1.5℃
C. 2℃
D. 3.5℃
【答案】70. D 71. D
72. B
【解析】
试题分析：本文介绍了人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100 年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标
要符合的条件。
70.D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段三至六句“Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a
difference. In 1997, the Kyoto ......stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming.”可知自从20 世纪早期
开始人类就一直在努力减少温室气体的排放，希望能减缓全球变暖的趋势。故D 项正确。
71.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial
Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions;可知如果各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，到2100 年气温会比现
在高三度。而根据第三段To meet this minimum goal 可知最小的目标是上升两度。也就是说即使各国的气体排放能
够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故D 正确。
72.B 细节理解题。根据第四段1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after
a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.
可知对于那些低海拔的国家来说温度上升不超过1.5 度，就可以避免他们被淹没。故B 正确。
模拟新题精选
1. 【河南省豫北豫南名校2018 届高三上学期第二次联考】D
For a land where snow is hardly a winter rarity, it will come as little surprise that Scotland has several words for the
cold white thing that falls from skies.
But few might expect the list to amount to a grand total of 421 separate terms designed to describe everything from
small flakes(雪片)of wind-driven snow (“spitters”) to a figure in a snowstorm(“snaw-ghast”)
The list, which shows that the Scottish comfortably out-compete the 100 or so words used by the Inuits for snow, is
part of a project to bring together the roots of every Scots word into a thesaurus (a book that contains lists of words that have
similar meanings).
The online Scots Historicl Thesaurus draws on forgotten words from outdated dialects (方言)to terms still used across
Scotland today to attempt to record the full range of language used to describe daily life.
Initial research at the University of Glasgow has focused on two areas close to Scottish hearts-----the weather and
sport.
Dr Susan Rennie, a Scots specialist at the university, said: “Weather has been a vital part of people’s lives in Scotland
for centuries. The number and variety of words in the language show how important it was for our ancestors to communicate
about the weather, which could so easily affect their lives.”
Researthers found that alongside many words for cloud and mist, Scots have excelled down the ages at dreaming up
ways to describe the details of types of snow and the way in which it falls.
Someone interested in the weather would mix up “flindrikin” (a slight snow shower with a “bin-drift”, used to describe
thick drifting(堆积)snow. The white thing can also “frog” (start to fall), “feefle” (twist around a corner)or “feuchter” (fall in
sight flakes).
12. Which of the following comes as a surprise?
A. There’s a lot of snow in Scotland
B. There’re many dialects in Scotland
C. Scotland has several words for snow
D. There’re over 400 Scottish words for snow
13. What’s the purpose of the online Scots Historical Theasaurus?
A. To record the daily language used by Scots
B. To protect endangered languages in Scotland
C. To carry out research into the climate in Scotland
D. To let foreigners have a better idea of Scots culture
14. Dr Suan Rennie gave an explanation of ___________.
A. how they made the world list
B. how Scots communicate with each other
C. why Scots like talking about the weather and sport
D. why they did research on the vocabulary of the weather
15. Which word describes the process of beginning to snow?
A. Feefle
B. Frog
C. Blin-drift
D. Snaw-ghast
【答案】12. D
13. A
14. D
15. B
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
【解析】本文讲述了苏格兰历史上使用描述雪的词汇竟然多达421 个，格拉斯哥大学研究专家称：几个世纪以来，
天气是苏格兰人生活的重要一部分，因为这些词汇展现了苏格兰祖先如何交流天气的，因此对这些词汇的研究至关
重要。
12. 推理判断题。根据第二段But few might expect the list to amount to a grand total of 421 separate terms designed to
describe everything from small flakes(雪片)of wind-driven snow (“spitters”) to a figure in a snowstorm(“snaw-ghast”)得知
在苏格兰语中描述雪的词汇有400 多个，这一点出乎人们意料。故选D。
13. 推理判断题。根据The online Scots Historicl Thesaurus draws on forgotten words from outdated dialects (方言)to
terms still used across Scotland today to attempt to record the full range of language used to describe daily life.得知“苏格兰
历史词典”在线旨在记录一些苏格兰人使用的日常用语。故选A。
14. 推理判断题。根据The number and variety of words in the language show how important it was for our ancestors to
communicate about the weather, which could so easily affect their lives.”得知本段解释了Suan Rennie 研究天气词语的原
因是因为这些词汇展现了苏格兰祖先如何交流天气的。故选D。
2. 【广东省五校2018 届高三12 月联考】A
The Whizzfizzing Festival
One of the “Home Counties” to the north and west of London, Buckinghamshire is known for the rolling Chiltern Hills,
its pretty villages, and the much-loved children’s author Roald Dahl.
The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matildo and The Big Friendly Giant is the
inspiration for the Whizzfizzing festival—which will transform the market-town of Aylesbury into all kinds of music, colour
and fun on Saturday, 1 July.
Formerly known as The Roald Dahl Festival, this year’s event will celebrate a broad range of children’s films and bring
to life some of its best-loved characters—from Alice in Wonderland and the Gruffalo to The Big Friendly Giant and Harry
Potter.
Things to see and do
The festivities start all 11 am with a colourful children’s parade. More than 650 local school children and teachers,
many in fancy dress, will march through the town carrying giant carnival puppets, with thousands of audiences lining the
streets to watch.
The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and workshops held in main streets across the
town.
Don’t be late for the Mad Hatters Tea Party in the Bucks Country Museum. Catch a splendid screening of a Roald Dahl
movie in the Old Court House, watch leading children’s authors, including Julian Clary, and give readings in the Market
Square.
With hands on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress competition, street theatre
and more, there is something for everyone.
For more information, visit:
https://www.aylesburyualedc.gov.uk/ aylesbury-whizzfizzing-festival-inspired-roald-dohl
1. Who will show special interest in the whizzfizzing Festival?
A. Children.
B. Film stars.
C. Publishers.
D. Children’s authors.
2. Which film was made from Roald Dahl’s works?
A. Gruf falo
B. Harry Potter
C. Alice in Wonderland
D. The Big Friendly Giant
3. Which of the following best describes the Whizzfizzing Festival?
A. Various.
B. Global.
C. Serious.
D. Ordinary.
【答案】1. A
2. D
3. A
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。介绍the Whizzfizzing Festival 节日的一些有关情况和主要活动项目。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段的内容The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and
workshops held in main streets across the town.可知，节日上有许多儿童活动和演出。因此推断孩子们会对这个节日
感兴趣。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段提到的“The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matildo and
The Big Friendly Giant is the inspiration for the Whizzfizzing festival”可知，The Big Friendly Giant 来自Roald Dahl 的作品。
故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With hands on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress
competition, street theatre and more, there is something for everyone.
”可知，在这个艺术节上有手工艺品工作室，讲故事的会议，现场音乐，高档服装比赛，街头戏剧等等活动，每个人
都可以找到自己喜欢的东西。因此推断，这个节日是“多方面的”。故选A。
3. 【广东省广州市2018 届高三12 月调研】D
Petrol and diesel cars may still dominate our roads, but their days are numbered. A recent university study found that
current electric cars could be used for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 per cent by
2020.
One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been ‘range anxiety’ — drivers’ concerns about running
out of juice on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary
network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common
throughout the USA.
Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric
cars were met with distrust, and their large price tags drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity,
recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade critics. Plug-in cars
will soon give internal combustion engine models a run for their money.
As well as advancements on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the
oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century
before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric
boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organisations
developing and testing battery powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.
Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions. Were the US to act on the study’s findings and replace 87 per cent of
its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent. However, because of the
production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim to be
completely emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric
vehicles will become even cleaner.
12. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. My Dream Car
B. History of Electric Cars
C. Problems with Petrol Cars
D. Driving into the Future
13. As used in Paragraph 2, the underlined word “hurdle” means _______.
A. aim
B. barrier
C. consequence
D. step
14. In the past, why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars?
A. They were not good value.
B. They were very poorly made.
C. They were not widely promoted.
D. They couldn’t travel at a high speed.
15. What is the function of Paragraph 4?
A. To introduce the history of electric travel.
B. To explain why the world needs more electric cars.
C. To show why more people have interest in electric cars.
D. To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.
【答案】12. D
13. B
14. A
15. D
【解析】本文属于科技文类。汽油和柴油汽车可能仍然主宰着我们，但很快会被电动车辆所替代。电动汽车不产
生任何排放物，随着在陆路方面的进步，电动汽车正朝着海洋和天空方向发展。而未来的车辆一定是电动时代。
12. D
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，汽油和柴油汽车可能仍然主宰着我们的道路，但很快会被电动车辆所替代。而未来的
车辆一定是电动时代。分析选项可知D 项（驶向未来）符合题意，故选D。
13. B
【解题剖析】此题属于猜测词义中的（1）：依据标点符号猜测词义。答案需要看破折号后的内容。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
【答案定位】根据第二段破折号后的内容“.One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been ‘range
anxiety’ — drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey.” 可知，让司机在行驶中担心会电用光的一定是车
的一个缺点，障碍。分析选项（A 目标；B 障碍；C 后果；D 步骤，手段）可知B 项是符合题意的。
【推理关系】题干As used in Paragraph 2, the underlined word “hurdle” means _______ ☞文章内容drivers’ concerns
about running out of juice on a journey
【答案】drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey☞B 选项barrier
【名师点睛】猜测词义之策略（1）：依据标点符号猜测词义
标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的信号词。比如，破折号（--- ）、冒号( ：) 常常起解释说明的功
能，引号（‘'）和（( ) ）有时也起到相同的作用。
14. A
细节理解题。根据第三段中的第二句“Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their large price tags
drove customers away.” 分析句意可知，不久前，电动汽车遭到了不信任，他们的巨额标价把顾客吓跑了，也就是说
人们认为电动车太贵了不值得买。分析选项可知，A 项（They were not good value.不值得买）符合题意，故选A。
15. D
推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句“As well as advancements on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and
skies.” 除了公路上（汽车）的进步，电动交通工具正朝着海洋和天空方向发展。由此可知电动交通工具以不同的方
式出现在陆路，海上及空中。分析选项可知D 项（描述电动交通工具的不同的用途）符合题意，故选D。
4. 【湖北省武汉市部分学校2018 届高三9 月起点调研】B
The full moon climbs over the eastern horizon (地平线) and hangs like a huge orange globe in the sky. A few hours
later, the moon is overhead but seems to have changed. The huge orange globe has become a small silver disk. What has
happened? Why has the orange color disappeared? Why does the moon seem so much smaller and farther away now that
it is overhead?
The moon appears orange on the horizon because we view it through the dust of the atmosphere. The overhead
moon does not really shrink as it moves away from the horizon. Our eyes inform us that the overhead moon is farther away.
But in this position the moon is actually closer to our eyes than when it is near the horizon.
The change in size is a trick our eyes and minds play on us. When the moon is low in the sky, we can compare its size
with familiar objects. It is easy to see that the moon is much larger than trees or buildings, for example. When the moon is
high in the sky, however, it is hard to compare it with objects on earth. Compared to the vastness of the sky, the moon
seems small.
There is another reason why the moon seems to shrink. We are used to staring at objects straight ahead of us. When
an object is difficult to see, our eyes have to try to focus on it. When we move our heads back to look up, we will try hard
again. Looking at something from an unaccustomed position can fool you into believing an object is smaller or farther away
than it is. However, scientists do not yet understand completely why the moon seems to shrink as it rises in the sky.
24. What makes us puzzled when the moon is high in the sky?
A. It looks different.
B. It becomes large.
C. Its color disappears.
D. Its shape changes.
25. What really happens when the moon floats farther away from the horizon?
A. It turns orange.
B. It comes nearer.
C. It goes farther.
D. It gets through dust.
26. What does the author intend to suggest by mentioning trees and buildings in Para. 3?
A. They are low on earth.
B. They are large objects.
C. They can affect our judgment.
D. They can attract our attention.
27. What can we infer from the text?
A. The size of the moon often changes.
B. We do not see the moon as it really is.
C. The moon is beginning to shrink much.
D. The moon is in fact a huge orange globe.
【答案】24. A
25. B
26. C
27. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了月亮刚升起的时候为什么感觉大，而上升到我们头顶上的时候，为什么又让人感
觉缩小了很多的这种现象。
24. 细节理解题。从第一段第二句和第三句知道，让人们感到迷惑的是，月亮从地平线上刚升起时橘红色的大圆球
状，而当月亮升到我们头顶上空的时候，又变成了较小的银盘状。这感觉是颜色形状和大小都发生了改变，而B 项
说是变大，C 项说颜色消失了，D 项说的形状改变了，但A 项内容显然包括了D 项。故选A。
25. 第二段最后一句中“the moon is actually closer to our eyes than when it is near the horizon.”知道，当月亮升到我
们头顶上空的时候，实际上离我们的眼睛比月亮在地平线时要近。故选B。
26. 推理判断题。第三段第一句中提到，月亮大小的变化，其实是我们眼睛和大脑的一种错觉，产生错觉的一个原
因就是在月亮比较低的时候，我们容易把月亮与树和建筑物相比较。故选C。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
27. 推理判断题。整篇文章介绍的都是我们看月亮的一种感觉，其实月亮的大小和颜色是固定不变的，跟我们看上
去的感觉是不一样的。符合B 项的意思：我们看月亮其实不像月亮本身的样子。故选B。
【名师点睛】在做英语阅读理解选择题的时候，有时候会遇到某个选项是符合文章意思的，但是另外一个选项的外
延要比这个选项要大，就是说内容上包括了这个选项，那我们就选外延相对较大的一个选项作为最佳答案。如第1
小题A 项的外延要比D 项的外延大。因此第1 小题的答案选A 而不选D。
5. 【河南省长葛市第一高级中学2018 届高三12 月月考】D
Some people get worried when faced with simple math problems. And they may rely more heavily on certain brain
circuits than people who do not experience such math anxiety. That’s the finding of a new study. Using a different mental
approach might help explain why people with math anxiety struggle more with complex problems.
To figure out what was going on, researchers placed adults in a brain-scanning device. Called a functional magnetic
resonance (磁共振) imaging machine, it measures blood flow in the brain. This lets researchers see which brain regions are
active at a particular point in time. For the new study, the study recruited (招募) people with and without math anxiety. All
of the adults were asked to answer whether simple math problems were correct or not. Both groups had similar response
time. Each group also was equally accurate. The brain scans, however, turned up some differences.
In people who weren’t anxious about math, there was less activity in one brain region. It is called the frontoparietal
(额顶的), attention network. It is involved in working memory and the solving of problems.
People who relied on this circuit less were probably getting ahead by automating simple math, said Hyesang Chang.
She’s a cognitive neuroscientist who works at the University of Chicago in Illinois. She reported her team’s findings on
March 25 here at the annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society.
People who get anxious over math showed more varied brain activity overall. That led Chang to consider that these
people might be handling math problems in a different way. Their brains might be using a variety of approaches—and in
ways that use more brain resources. This general approach works fine for simple math, she said. But the brains of those
with math anxiety might get maxed out when the math is more challenging.
12. According to the text, people who experience math anxiety may ________.
A. have better working memory
B. solve math problems inaccurately
C. suffer more injuries in face of complex problems
D. have more activity in the frontoparietal attention network
13. Researchers did the study with the help of ________.
A. some experts on network
B. the University of Chicago
C. some people doing well in math
D. a magnetic resonance imaging machine
14. What does Hyesang Chang agree with?
A. There is no certain way to change the level of math anxiety.
B. Using more brain resources can help solve more challenging math problems.
C. People with math anxiety use more brain resources to handle math problems.
D. People relying on the frontoparietal attention network less have better math grades.
15. What may be the best title for the text?
A. How to learn math better
B. How does people’s brain react to math problems?
C. What researchers find about people’s brain
D. What should people do to avoid math anxiety?
【答案】12. D
13. D
14. C
15. B
【解析】这篇文章主要讲了研究人员在核共振成像仪的帮助下研究人的大脑是如何对数学问题作出反应的。
12. 细节理解题。由In people who weren’t anxious about math, there was less activity in one brain region. It is called the
frontoparietal (额顶的), attention network. It is involved in working memory and the solving of problems.可知经历数学焦
虑的人在额顶注意网络方面可能更积极，选D。
13. 细节理解题。由To figure out what was going on, researchers placed adults in a brain-scanning device. Called a
functional magnetic resonance (磁共振) imaging machine, it measures blood flow in the brain.可知研究人员在核共振成
像仪的帮助下进行这项研究，选D。
14. 细节理解题。由That led Chang to consider that these people might be handling math problems in a different way.
Their brains might be using a variety of approaches—and in ways that use more brain resources.可知Hyesang Chang 同意
这个观点，有数学焦虑的人会使用更多的大脑资源来解决数学问题，选C。
15. 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了研究人员在核共振成像仪的帮助下研究人的大脑是如何对数学问题作出反应的，
选B。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
6. 【河南省长葛市第一高级中学2018 届高三12 月月考】C
Welcome to Glass of Venice, the number one importer and retailer of authentic Murano Glass in the US and one of
the top names among Murano Glass retailers worldwide. We work directly with artisans (工匠) from Murano, Italy to bring
you the unique centuries old art rooted in tradition and skill. Every item is handcrafted with passion using ancient
techniques that made Murano glassmakers world-famous since the 8th century. Now you needn’t make a trip to Murano to
own an authentic piece of art as beautiful as Venice itself.
At the time of mass-produced products that carry no special meaning, Murano Glass gives you an opportunity to
express your individuality. Every piece is unique.
Murano Glass is 100% handcrafted in Venice. Be a part of the centuries-old Venetian tradition!
A piece of the artisan’s heart and soul is captured in every Murano Glass creation. Crafting Murano Glass jewelry,
vases, sculptures and other functional and decorative pieces is a complicated process from silica, minerals, water, and fire.
Venetian artisans create masterpieces. The techniques they use are centuries old, and artisans have been trained for many
years in their fathers’ and grandfathers, workshops before they can attain a revered status of the true master of the craft.
Murano Glass masters are not just artisans; they are artists. Ever since Murano glassmakers guild (公会) was
established on this Venetian island in 1291, they have been innovating, seeking new methods of creating glass, and
pushing forward to express new philosophies and artistic visions through glass. This made Murano Glass get its own art
form, and it has been recognized at international expositions and top art museums and galleries worldwide. Today the
famous glass masters working on Murano Island are first and foremost artists, and Glass of Venice is proud to offer artistic
masterpieces from top Murano glass workshops.
8. What can be inferred about Murano Glass?
A. It is made by using modern machines.
B. Every piece is made in the US.
C. Every piece has a special style.
D. It was designed in the 8th century.
9. The underlined word “revered” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. considerate
B. relieved
C. complex
D. respected
10. What were Murano Glass masters devoted to doing according to the text?
A. Exploring ways to develop the creation of glass.
B. Exporting Murano Glass to many foreign countries.
C. Building art museums to show the beauty of Murano Glass.
D. Creating a special art form to express their philosophies of life.
11. What is the author’s attitude to Murano Glass masters’ works?
A. Critical.
B. Admirable.
C. Cautious.
D. Aggressive.
【答案】8. C
9. D
10. A
11. B
【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了“慕拉诺玻璃”举世闻名，每一块玻璃都是独一无二的风格，如此奇特的玻璃出自“慕
拉诺玻璃”大师之手。他们使用的技术已经历经几个世纪，工匠们在获得令人尊敬的工艺大师身份之前，已经在他
们父辈和祖父辈的工作坊里训练了许多年。
8. 细节理解题。由Every piece is unique.可知“慕拉诺玻璃”每一块都是独一无二的风格，选C。
9. 词义猜测题。The techniques they use are centuries old, and artisans have been trained for many years in their fathers’
and grandfathers, workshops before they can attain a revered status of the true master of the craft.这句话的意思是他们
使用的技术已经历经几个世纪，工匠们在获得令人尊敬的工艺大师身份之前，已经在他们父辈和祖父辈的工作坊里
训练了许多年。所以“revered”的意思是受尊敬的，选D。
10. 推理判断题。由Murano Glass masters are not just artisans; they are artists. Ever since Murano glassmakers guild (公
会) was established on this Venetian island in 1291, they have been innovating, seeking new methods of creating glass, and
pushing forward to express new philosophies and artistic visions through glass.可知“慕拉诺玻璃”大师们致力于玻璃的
创新，选A。
7. 【湖北八校2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】C
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Cities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be
short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of
how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white
shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.
The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding
areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an
especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.
As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10
degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning
sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens
air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma（哮喘）and other
breathing problems.
Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant
more trees and apply white paint to rooftops — at least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of
reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering
the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.
“This is an urgent challenge, and it’s much bigger than one person,” said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement.
“Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”
8. Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?
A. Planting more trees in the streets.
B. Covering the streets with white paint.
C. Applying reflective paint to rooftops.
D. Furnishing every house with air conditioners.
9. What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?
A. How to make the city cooler.
B. Where to wear a white shirt.
C. Why to coat the roads with black paint.
D. When to cut off the electricity supply.
10. What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?
A. Increasing the indoor activities.
B. Promoting the sale of air conditioners.
C. Making life easier and more comfortable.
D. Reducing the number of cold days.
11. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. L.A. adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.
B. L.A. calls on people to fight against global warming.
C. More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.
D. L.A. is painting its streets white to keep the city cool.
【答案】8. D
9. A
10. C
11. D
【解析】文章主要讲述了洛杉矶为了在夏季让温度降低，节约开支，把城市街道刷白，增加反射以使城市在夏季保
持凉爽。
8. D
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“…trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs
heat from the sun.” 树木提供阴凉，并覆盖着黑色路面，吸收太阳的热量。及第四段中的第一句“LA will have to do
more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to
rooftops ”。根据文章所述可知A，B 和C 可减少城市热岛效应，只有D 项“每家都安装空调”能促进城市热岛效应的
形成，故D 是导致城市热岛效应的，因此D 是符合题意的。
9. A
【名题点睛】细节理解题一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。
文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了
然。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项
是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着
一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确
答案。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。
【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。
【答案定位】由文章第二段最后一句“To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.”可知，在
炎热的夏季城市管理者应该强调如何去使城市凉爽，从而保护公众的健康。
【推理关系】题干What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer? ☞文章内容To protect public health, city
officials are going to make the city cooler.
【答案】to protect public health,…☞A 选项. How to make the city cooler.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
10. C
细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段“… Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and
parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air
conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality.”分析
CoolSeal 的介绍可知。相比沥青，使用这种白漆可使街道和停车场气温下降10 度，既能降低人们的生活开支，帮助
省钱，又能减少污染，提高人们的生活质量。故选C。
11. D
主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本篇文章介绍的是洛杉矶在把城市街道刷白增加反射以使城市在夏季保持凉爽，故选
D。
8. 【广东七校联合体2018 届高三第二次联考试】C
Teaching can be one of the most satisfying jobs in the United States. Yet many American teachers say they feel
overworked, undervalued, and underpaid. This has led to what education experts call “teacher burnout,” a feeling of
mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion.
In all, nearly 50 percent of American teachers leave the profession before their fifth year. That information comes from
a 2010 study by the advisory service McKinsey & Company.
And, a 2016 study from Penn State University found that 46 percent of teachers report high daily stress. Teachers say
the stress affects their sleep, health, teaching performance, and quality of life. The study identified mindfulness training as
one promising solution for improving teacher well-being.
The Greater Good Science Center at the University of California — Berkeley studies the science and practice of
well-being. It defines mindfulness as keeping “a moment-by-moment awareness of our thoughts, feelings, bodily
sensations, and surrounding environment.”
A person can reach this emotional state by spending time in quiet thought, without judging these thoughts and feelings.
A number of people also meditate — they take slow, deep breaths to become calm.
Many organizations around the country have designed mindfulness training programs for schools. Some of them are
designed for teachers. The programs seek to reduce teacher stress while helping them be more effective in the classroom.
Maureen Naughton is a seventh grade science teacher at a public middle school in the Bronx section of New York City.
As a highly active teacher, Naughton would sometimes forget to take time to herself. But after the programs she shared the
methods such as mindful walking and mindful eating — ways of enjoying those activities fully instead of being distracted by
worries or responsibilities.
Naughton also said the deep breathing methods help her to maintain calm when faced with the stress of trying to
“meet everyone’s needs.”
9. What does “teacher burnout” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. A condition of happiness and sorrow.
B. A situation of physical exercise.
C. A feeling of mental, physical, and emotional tiredness.
D. A feeling of mental, physical, and emotional relaxation.
10. What do mindfulness training programs designed for teachers try to do?
A. They try to make teachers take slow, deep breaths to become calm.
B. They try to reduce teacher stress to help teachers be more effective when teaching.
C. They try to make teachers enjoy those activities fully.
D. They try to make teachers spend time in quiet thought, without judging these thoughts and feelings.
11. What can we infer from Naughton’s words?
A. The deep breathing methods are a good way to let her keep calm when faced with stress.
B. She dislikes the deep breathing methods.
C. Don’t be distracted by worries or possibilities.
D. Enjoy all kinds of activities carefully.
【答案】9. C
10. B
11. A
【解析】文章讲述了美国一些教师感到工作压力很大，从而产生了“教师职业倦怠”。并介绍了几种缓解压力的方法。
9. C 词义推测题。根据第一段最后一句This has led to what education experts call “teacher burnout,” a feeling of mental,
physical, and emotional exhaustion. 这导致了教育专家所称的“教师职业倦怠”，一种精神、身体和情感上的疲惫感。
可知“teacher burnout”是a feeling of mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion，故选C。
10. B 细节理解题。根据文章The programs seek to reduce teacher stress while helping them be more effective in the
classroom. 这些计划旨在减轻教师的压力，同时帮助他们在课堂上更有效。可知B 项符合文意，故选B。
11. A 推理判断题。根据文章最后Naughton also said the deep breathing methods help her to maintain calm when faced
with the stress of trying to “meet everyone’s needs.”诺顿还说，深呼吸的方法帮助她在面对“满足每个人的需求”的压力
时保持冷静。可知面对压力时，深呼吸也是一种好的方法。故选A。
9. 【广东七校联合体2018 届高三第二次联考试】D
New mercury(汞) threat to oceans from climate change
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Rising temperatures could boost mercury levels in fish by up to seven times the current rates, said Swedish researchers
in an article published in Science Journal. They’ve discovered warming increases levels of the toxin (毒素) in sea creatures.
In experiments, they found that extra rainfall drives up the amount of organic material flowing into the seas. This alters the
food chain, adding another layer of complex organisms which boosts the concentrations of mercury up the line.
Mercury is one of the world’s most toxic metals, and according to the World Health Organization, is one of the top ten
threats to public health. The substance at high levels has been linked to damage to the nervous system, paralysis and
mental impairment in children.
The most common form of exposure to mercury is by eating fish containing methylmercury(甲基水银), an organic form
of the chemical which forms when bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plants. Levels of mercury in the world’s
ecosystems have increased by between 200% and 500%, since the industrial revolution, say experts, driven up by the use
of fossil fuels such as coal.
In recent years there have been concentrated efforts to limit the amount of mercury entering the environment, with an
international treaty, called the Minamata Convention, signed by 136 countries in place since 2013.
Researchers hope that the Minamata treaty will be successful and countries reduce the amount of mercury that is
being produced. Otherwise this discovery of a previously unknown source could have impacts for human health.
Other researchers in the field say that the new study highlights important issues that have previously been little known.
“This work experimentally proves that climate change will have a significant effect of methylmercury budgets in coastal
waters and its accumulation in fish,” said Milena Horvat from the Jozef Stefan Institute in Slovenia.
“This work will also help us understand the formation of mercury in fish and help reduce mercury from emission
sources (primarily industrial).”
12. Where did Swedish researchers find warming increases levels of the toxin?
A. In the Pacific Ocean.
B. On the Continent.
C. In Red Sea.
D. In sea creatures.
13. What can cause damage to the nervous system?
A. Exposure to mercury.
B. Mercury at high levels.
C. Methylmercury.
D. The use of fossil fuels.
14. How does methylmercury form?
A. By limiting the amount of mercury entering the environment.
B. By reducing the amount of mercury.
C. When bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plants.
D. When climate change returns to normal.
15. What can we know from Milena Horvat’s words?
A. Climate change will increase the levels of mercury in food.
B. Levels of mercury in the world’s ecosystems have increased by between 200% and 500%.
C. The Minamata Convention has been signed by 136 countries in place since 2013.
D. Mercury reduction from emission sources can be beneficial to fish.
【答案】12. D
13. B
14. C
15. D
【解析】本文主要讲了气候变化造成汞含量的增加，这对海洋造成了巨大的威胁。
12. 细节理解题。根据They’ve discovered warming increases levels of the toxin (毒素) in sea creatures. 可知瑞典研究人
员在海洋生物身上发现气温变暖造成了毒素的增加。所以选D。
13. 细节理解题。根据Mercury is one of the world’s most toxic metals, and according to the World Health Organization, is
one of the top ten threats to public health. The substance at high levels has been linked to damage to the nervous system,
paralysis and mental impairment in children.可知高含量的汞会破坏神经系统，所以选B。
14. 细节理解题。根据The most common form of exposure to mercury is by eating fish containing methylmercury(甲基水
银), an organic form of the chemical which forms when bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plants. 可知细菌同水、
土壤或是植物中的汞反应，形成了甲基水银，所以选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据“This work experimentally proves that climate change will have a significant effect of methylmercury
budgets in coastal waters and its accumulation in fish,” said Milena Horvat from the Jozef Stefan Institute in Slovenia.可知
排放源中汞含量的减少对鱼类有益处，所以选D。
10. 【广东七校联合体2018 届高三第二次联考试】B
The popular smartphone application Instagram(照片分享) has changed the way we look at photography, even our
world. The photo-worthy moments we share serve as an important function in cultivating the photographic artistic eye.
Instagram has got people to start noticing the art in their everyday life. It has also allowed us to share the artful
moments in our lives with others. Clearly, making people focus on beautiful moments in their lives and how to share them
is a positive takeaway from Instagram.
Not only has Instagram changed the way we look at things around us, but it has also changed the way people view
professional photography. Instagram has turned everyone with a smartphone into an artist. Opening up art to the general
community is a groundbreaking(创新的) aspect of this application. Making artistic attempts accessible for everyone to
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
discover their artistic talents and explore creatively is something that has made people find the beauty in the everyday life.
However, this accessibility has also created questioning around art and respect deserved by professional photography.
The art in a professional photograph versus(与…对抗) an Instagram can sometimes be hard to notice at a quick glance.
But photographs taken by true professional photographers hold something that Instagram’s cannot match in terms of
photographic quality, or advanced compositional knowledge.
This is not to say Instagram is a lesser art. Aesthetic qualities of art are a personal matter and how good an artwork is
depends on personal preferences. Good is a very arbitrary term in the art world. For example, I may find one photo more
pleasing than another, but not everyone has to agree with me.
The point I am trying to make is that professional photography should not be lost, but instead approached with a new,
enhanced level of respect and admiration — despite how accessible, common and fun Instagram now makes the taking
and sharing of photos.
5. What does the writer mainly tell us in the passage?
A. The increasing popularity of Instagram.
B. The advantages and disadvantages of Instagram.
C. The changes that Instagram brings us.
D. The differences between Instagram and professional photography.
6. What can the smartphone application Instagram do?
A. Help people to discover true self.
B. Inspire people to find the beauty in life.
C. Encourage people to be more competitive.
D. Let people gain others’ respect and admiration.
7. Why do people begin to doubt the art of professional photography?
A. Because common people can take perfect photos easily.
B. Because they show no respect for professional photographers.
C. Because the artistic level of professional photography is reducing.
D. Because Instagram has changed the way people look at the world.
8. What does the writer think of professional photography?
A. Useful.
B. Valueless.
C. Helpless.
D. Absurd.
【答案】5. C
6. B
7. A
8. A
【解析】这篇文章主要讲了图片分享应用给我们的生活带来许多变化，智能手机中的图片分享应用能够激发人们寻
找生活中的美，普通人也可以拍出很漂亮的照片，但是作者认为专业摄影还是非常有用的。
5. 主旨大意题。根据The popular smartphone application Instagram(照片分享)has changed the way we look at
photography, even our world.以及Not only has Instagram changed the way we look at things around us, but it has also
changed the way people view professional photography. 可知这篇文章作者主要告诉我们图片分享应用给我们的生活
带来许多变化，所以选C。
6. 细节理解题。根据Making artistic attempts accessible for everyone to discover their artistic talents and explore
creatively is something that has made people find the beauty in the everyday.可知智能手机中的图片分享应用能够激发
人们寻找生活中的美，所以选B。
7. 细节理解题。根据Instagram has turned everyone with a smartphone into an artist.以及However, this accessibility has
also created questioning around art and respect deserved by professional photography. 可知人们开始质疑专业的摄影艺
术是因为普通人很容易就拍出完美的照片，所以选A。
8. 推理判断题。根据But photographs taken by true professional photographers hold something that Instagram’s cannot
match in terms of photographic quality, or advanced compositional knowledge. 以及The point I am trying to make is that
professional photography should not be lost, but instead approached with a new, enhanced level of respect and admiration
— despite how accessible, common and fun Instagram now makes the taking and sharing of photos. 可知作者认为专业
摄影非常有用，所以选A。
资料正文内容开始>>
专题10
阅读理解——议论文类
方法与技巧
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
题型介绍：
议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一
些，因此要多加重视。
议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，
使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。
命题形式：
从近几年观的高考英语试题来看，议论文类阅读理解的命题类型主要有：
1. 主旨题
考查考生对于议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者
写此文章的目的。
2. 推理判断题
这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果有绝不是事实本身。它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。
3. 细节题
细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。
三、议论文阅读理解题解题技巧
第一，抓论点、寻论据
阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把我了
中心。
第二，注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。
把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：
1. Put forward a question →Analyze the question →Solve the question 这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。
2. Argument/Idea →Evidence →Conclusion/Restating the idea 这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断。
能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通
读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并
不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。
解题技巧：
解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，
阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因——结果（Cause & Effect）型。还有一种比较常见的是问题——
答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题（相当于一个现象），然后给出该问题的答案（相当于解释）。
针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点:答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案) ，然后从中心、态度或利用解的特征等其他
角度对选项进行检验;如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑;次之从解的特征方面考虑。
考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是
答案
体验高考
1. [2017·江苏卷]
C
A new commodity brings about a highly profitable，fast-growing industry，urging antitrust (反垄断) regulators to step
in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being
raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google，Amazon,
Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.
Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants' success
has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high
prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of
new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.
But there is cause for concern. The Internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the
nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently
it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other
companies. Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God's eye view” of activities
in their own markets and beyond.
This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small
ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a
new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a
merger (兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into
account the extent of firms' data assets (资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a
signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born
company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.
The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of online services have over data and give more to those
who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money
they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users' consent.
Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don't want a data economy controlled
by a few giants, they must act soon.
61．Why is there a call to break up giants?
A．They have controlled the data market.
B．They collect enormous private data.
C．They no longer provide free services.
D．They dismissed some new-born giants.
62．What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?
A．Data giants' technology is very expensive.
B．Google's idea is popular among data firms.
C．Data can strengthen giants' controlling position.
D．Data can be turned into new services or products.
63．By paying attention to firms' data assets, antitrust regulators could ________．
A．kill a new threat
B．avoid the size trap
C．favour bigger firms
D．charge higher prices
64．What is the purpose of loosening the giants' control of data?
A．Big companies could relieve data security pressure.
B．Governments could relieve their financial pressure.
C．Consumers could better protect their privacy.
D．Small companies could get more opportunities.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了数据信息垄断企业的发展导致的后果以及反垄断的措施、
对反对数据垄断的未来展望。
61. A
细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in
data, the oil of the digital age.”和第二段第一句“Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up.”可
知，人们呼吁打破垄断的原因是数据信息垄断机构控制了数据市场，故选A 项。注意B 项中的private data，文中并
没有提到私人数据，此题易误选B 项。
62. C
推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句“But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services:
translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous
power.”可知，数据可以转化为新的服务和商品，被卖给其他公司；因特网公司对数据的控制给了它们巨大的权力。
据此可以判断，数据可以增强垄断公司的控制地位，故选C 项。
63. B
推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“When considering a merger (兼并)，for example, they have
traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets
(资产) when assessing the impact of deals.”可知，传统意义上的反垄断组织用公司的大小来决定何时介入，而现在评
估时则要考虑公司的数据资产规模。据此可知，关注数据评估，旨在避免陷入传统的“以公司大小”评估的陷阱，
故选B 项。
64. D
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a
new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators
should raise red flags.”以及对第六段的理解可知，反垄断部门应该采取行动，使几大因特网巨头放松对数据的控制，
使新生的小公司得到更多的发展机会，故选D 项。
2. [2017·天津卷]
D
I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what
does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let's take a look at three types of “waits”．
The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up
the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes
fixed on the sink until it's full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged
noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three
minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.” I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures
strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.
Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the
most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily
mean that it will happen.
Turning one's life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the
surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who
are willing to do it. As long as one doesn't come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.
We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you're standing at the sink waiting for it to fill
while cooking noodle soup that you'll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don't be desperate. You're
probably just as busy as the next guy.
51．While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to ________．
A．keep ourselves busy
B．get absent-minded
C．grow anxious
D．stay focused
52．What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?
A．The Forced Wait requires some self-control.
B．The Forced Wait makes people passive.
C．The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.
D．The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.
53．What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?
A．It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.
B．It doesn't always bring the desired result.
C．It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.
D．It doesn't give people faith and hope.
54．What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?
A．Take it seriously.
B．Don't rely on others.
C．Do something else.
D．Don't lose heart.
55．The author supports his view by ________．
A．exploring various causes of “waits”
B．describing detailed processes of “waits”
C．analysing different categories of “waits”
D．revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”
【文章大意】本文论述了我们人生中经常遇到的三种等待。
51. B
细节理解题。根据第二段中的第五句“During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders
about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks.”可知我们在进行Watched-Pot Wait 时很容
易走神，心不在焉。
52. A
推理判断题。根据第三段中的第二句“This one requires a bit of discipline.”可知这种等待需要一点纪律，即
需要自控。
53. B
推理判断题。根据第四段中的最后一句“…waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will
happen.”可知等待你的好运气未必就意味着它能发生，因此Lucky-Break Wait 并不总是能带来预期的结果。
54. D
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的倒数第二句“…don't be desperate.”可知作者建议我们下次等待时，不
要失去信心。
55. C
篇章结构题。文章的结构是总—分。文章第一段提出有三种类型的等待，然后下面几段内容一直在分析这三
种等待，因此作者是通过分析不同的类型的等待来支持他自己的观点的。
3.【2016·全国新课标I】B
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter
and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly
discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success,
giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet
there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has
agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents
com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family.
Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it
on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family is
and how important”” to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”
Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make
sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard,
especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.
25. Why was Garza’s move a success?
A．It strengthened her family ties.
B．It improved her living conditions.
C．It enabled her make more friends.
D．It helped her know more new places.
26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?
A．17% expressed their support for it.
B．Few people responded sympathetically.
C．83% believed it had a bad influence.
D．The majority thought it was a trend.
27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A．They were unsure of raise more children.
B．They were eager to raise more children.
C．They wanted to live away from their parents.
D．They bad little respect for their grandparent.
28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?
A. Make decisions in the best interests' of their own
B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them
C. Sacrifice for their struggling children
D. Get to know themselves better
【答案】
25-28. A D C A
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述目前社会上很多老年人愿意搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。同时作
者也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择，不要仅仅为孩子考虑而牺牲了自己习惯了的生活方式。
25. A 细节理解题。根据首段末句可知，Mildred Garza 老人搬到离孩子近的地方居住让他们的关系更密切，一家人认
为这是一个成功的事情。故选A 。
26.D 细节理解题。根据第二段末句Two thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family 可知，很
多人会受Marian Robinson 的影响，所以这回形成一种潮流。故选D 。
27.C 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，在60 年代人们都希望离开家，以此来证明自己的独立。故选C。
28.A 推理判断题。根据末段推知，作者建议人们要明智不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。故选A 。
考点：社会生活类短文阅读
【技巧点拨】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息，上下文逻辑关系及
事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者暗含的意思。解题关键要注意表明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容
词和副词等。28 题中则根据it is wiser to say no 推断出作者的立场。
4.【2016·北京】D
Why College Is Not Home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult
identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and
are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from
people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on
family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with
coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult
responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This
process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.
Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family,
many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior
and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of
young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and
controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation
once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s
desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be
replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.
Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the
developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and
self-discovery.
67. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?
A.Sympathetic
B.Disapproving
C.Supportive
D.Neutral
68. The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means
.
A.change
B.choice
C.text
D.extension
69. According to the author, what role should college play?
A.to develop a shared identity among students
B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior
C.To provide a safe world without tension for students
D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development
70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
【答案】
67. B68. A69. D70. C
【解析】
试题分析：大学并不是温暖的家庭，也不能成为学生的家庭。大学时期应该是培养自主性和自我同一性的重要时期。
大学是孩子脱离父母控制的决定性时期，因此，学校不应该成为像家庭一样让孩子依赖的地方。
67. B 细观点态度题。根据第一段“The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主
性) and the development of adult identity. However...”可知，作者认为，大学不应该成为孩子们依赖的“家庭”，说明
作者不赞成父母继续指导上大学的孩子，故选B。
68. A 猜测词义题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility”可知，从家庭的庇护到自
主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，故选A。
69. D 推理判断题。每个人的个性都是不同的，排除A；根据第四段“If students rely on administrators to regulate their
social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing...”可知，作者不赞成大学管理者约束学生的社会行为，排除B；
大学不是一个无忧无虑的场所，排除C；大学应该是学习知识和促进学生成长的地方，故选D。
70. C 篇章结构题。根据第四段“Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.”中的“equally important”
和第五段的“moreover”可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，故选C。
考点：教育类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
I. 三类篇章结构题的出题方式
1. 结构识辨: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。结构识辨类组织结构题常见
的题干表述方式如下：

How is the text organized?

The author develops the passage mainly by________.

The text is mainly developed in the order of________.

Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
2. 组织结构功能: 此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：
The author quoted …words in...paragraph in order to make the article________.
3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现
的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下：
What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?[来源:学优]
Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection?
II. 解题策略
考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此，具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关
知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。
1)
记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进
行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他, 最后写高潮，这
种叙事手法叫做倒叙。
2)
议论文总体上可以分为四类：
第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；
第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；
第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；
第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。
3) 说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要
说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。
5.【2016·四川】B
If you could have one superpower, what would it be?
Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may sound
silly, but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.
Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.
They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives of others.
We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough doing
homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking after your dreams. But we do think that you can live a more powerful
life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find an issue you are
interested in and learn more. Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause. Whatever you do, don’t be a
bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you’re older. But why not
start now?
Our own experience working together on health, development, and energy the last twenty years has been one of the
most rewarding parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives
of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.
4. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Your life style.
B. Your life value.
C. Your trouble in life.
D. Your life experience.
5. Why does the author say they are inspired every day?
A. They possess different kinds of superpowers.
B. They have got the power to change the world.
C. Some people around them are making the world better.
D. There are many powerful people in their life and work.
6. What does the author stress in Paragraph 5?
A. Learning more and contributing more to a cause.
B. Rising above self and acting to help others.
C. Working hard to get a bigger opportunity.
D. Trying your best to help the poor.
7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
B. Much more progress will be made in the near future.
C. The work on health is the most valuable experience.
D. People’s efforts have been materially rewarded.
【答案】4.B
5.C
6.B
7.A
【解析】
试题分析：本文以虚拟语气的问句形式开头，鼓励人们奉献自己的一些时间和精力去帮助别人，最穷人的生活将会
变得更好。
4. B 词义猜测题。根据文章开始提到的If you could have one superpower, what would it be?如果你有超能，它将会是
什么呢？Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may
sound silly,梦想着是否你想读懂心思，看穿墙，或有超能的力量，这些可能听起来是愚蠢的，but it actually gets to the
heart of what really matters in your life.但是它实际上是在你的生活中真正重要的核心，也就是你生活的价值。故选B。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to
improve the world.每天在我们的工作中，我们会收到一些人的鼓舞，他们在做一些改善世界的事情。故选C。
6.B 推理判断题。根据第五段中we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time
and energy to something much larger than yourself.。我们确实认为当你把你的一些时间和精力奉献给别人时，你就能
过上一个更强大的生活。Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause.。自愿或者，如果你能的话，给
一个事业贡献一点钱。可知第五段的意思是：行动起来帮助别人。故选B。
7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much
the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.它已经改变了我们是谁，在以后的这些年里最穷人的生
活将会得到改善。故选A。
【名师点睛】
推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。
推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文
字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含有infer,
suggest, imply, conclude indicate 等标志性词语。这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断
题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。比如第7 小题A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句It has changed who we
are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.它
已经改变了我们是谁，在以后的这些年里最穷人的生活将会得到改善。故选A。
考点：考查日常生活类阅读
:6. 【2016·浙江】
A
“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?”Lindsey whipers to Tori.
With her eyes shining,tori brags，“You bet I did,Sean told me two days ago.”
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly,Adam Freedmam,I can tell you that what that
what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true.Still,Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students
here at Linton Higt School,including me.Many of our conversations are gossip( 闲话) 。I have noticed three effects of
gossip:it can hurt people,it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction,and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually,gossip spreads
information about a topic-breakups,trouble at home,even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret.The more
embarrassing or shameful the secret is,the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute
lie.People ofen think of gossipers as harmless,but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful,then why do so many of us do it?Tht answer lies in another effect of gossip:the
satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor( 传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows
something that others don’t.Similarly,hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other
words,gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).
Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten,unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David
Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms, this means that
if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said,then you can bet that wearing or
saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will
never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news,thing
about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story”might have.
41.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to
.
A.introduce a topic
B.present an argument
C.describe the characters
D.clarify his writing purpose
42.An important negative effects of gossip is that it
.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
A.breaks up relationships
B.embarrasses the listener
C.spreads information around
D.causes unpleasant experiences
43.In the auther’s opinion,many people like to gossip because it
.
A.gives them a feeling of pleasure
B.help them to make more friends
C.makes them better at telling stories
D.enables them to meet important people
44.Professor David Wilson think that gossip can
.
A.provide students with written rules
B.help people watch their own behaviors
C.force school to impove student handbooks
D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors
45.What advice does the author give in the passage?
A.Never become a gossiper
B.Stay away from gossipers
C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies
D.Think twice before you gossip.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了传言的危害和人们为什么喜欢传闲话。
41. A 考查推理判断。根据文章第三段的Many of our conversations are gossip. （我们的话题很多都是闲话），可知开
头的对话是为了介绍本文的主题，故选A。
42. D 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段的An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked
about.，可知主要危害是他会给被讨论的人带来不愉快的经历，故选D。
43. A 考查细节理解。根据文章第五段的The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us,可知人们
散播传言是因为它会带来满足感，故选A。
44. B 考查细节理解。根据文章第六段的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviours in
a group.可知，他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为，故选B。
45. D 考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段的The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you
want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. 可知，作者的建议是让人们在传言之前三思而后行。故
选D。
【方法点拨】
这是一篇议论文，题目设置以细节理解题为主。学生可以带着题目回到原文，能够在短文中画出解题依据是正
确解题的关键，各位考生要谨记，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见依据不做题”。理由充分，依据凿实，这是不仅“知其
然”，而且“知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。那么如何能快速准确回到原文找到依据呢?
1. 关键词定位法。
这里说的关键词并不一定是中心词，而是在理解题干所问之后，在题干中能帮助你迅速回到原文的“特征词”。
如43 题的信息句是The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us,可知人们散播传言是因为它会
带来满足感，和选项A 里面的a feeling of pleasure 对应。还有44 题，题干中的Professor David Wilson 可以定位到第
六段的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviours in a group.可知，他认为传言能帮
助人们观察自身的行为，所以答案是B。
2. 自然段定位法。
即命题者往往按照信息点在文中出现的先后来依次命制各个小题，也就是说，各题的答案信息常常在短文中依次出
现，排在后面的小题，文中对应的信息点也在后面。例如，第1 题往往位于一、二自然段，第2 题会在第1 题的答
案信息之后且与第一题的位置最接近，第3 题会在第2 题的答案信息之后，往往在文中较为中间的地方，而第4 题
则位于文中较后的位置。最后一题(偶尔可能是第一题)一般是主旨题(包括给文章加标题、归纳写作目的)，这时，可
能涉及全文内容。如41 题，题目问文章的开头的作用，自然定位到第一段的内容，结合下文可以快速解答。
模拟新题精选
1.【北京市通州区2017 届高三第一次模拟】D
Importance of College Education
During the high school career, students may begin to question the importance of a college education. They might find
themselves asking, “Why is it important to go to college?” The answer is that, more than ever, college graduates enjoy much
greater opportunities available to them than those who have not received a college education.
For many high school students, being able to immediately generate an income after graduation is an appealing thought.
They may also be affected by the rising cost of tuition, and while it is true that a higher education may be one of the largest
expenses you will ever face, the importance of a college education has become quite evident in terms of earning potential
within today’s economy.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Why should you go to college? One important answer to this question is more opportunity. As opposed to generations
of the past, high school graduates today are unable to obtain high-paying jobs that were once available. The U.S. has been
transformed from a manufacturing-based economy to an economy based on knowledge, and the importance of a college
education today can be compared to that of a high school education forty years ago. It serves as the gateway to better
options and more opportunity.
There are additional reasons as to why it is important to go to college. When students experience a post secondary
education, they have the opportunity to read books and listen to the lectures of top experts in their fields. This encourages
students to think, ask questions, and explore new ideas, which allows for additional growth and development and provides
college graduates with more opportunities in the job market over those who have not experienced a higher education.
The importance of a college education is also stressed because of the opportunity to gain valuable resources during the
study. The more connections which are collected during your college career, the more options you will have when you begin
your job search. Once you have ended your job search and have started your career, however, the importance of a college
education has not been exhausted. Having a college degree often provides for greater promotion opportunity.
So, why should you go to college? The reasoning does not begin and end with the job aspect. A good education is
beneficial from many different viewpoints, and though the importance of a college education is quite evident for many high
school students, what is often not as clear is how they will pay for that education.
67. Why do some high school graduates prefer working to college study?
A. To obtain high-paying jobs.
B. To earn money at an early age.
C. To spend less money on tuition.
D. To adapt to the knowledge-based society.
68. The author most likely agrees with the idea that ____.
A. too much time is spent on lectures in college study.
B. high school education is a gateway to more opportunity.
C. college graduates gain more chances over others in job market.
D. a college degree guarantees promotion in American companies.
69. What is most likely to be talked about in the paragraph after the last paragraph of the passage?
A. Affording college education.
B. Changing college education.
C. Receiving college education.
D. Refusing college education.
70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
I: Introduction
P: Point
Sp: Sub-point (次要点)
C: Conclusion
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】67. B
68. C
69. A
70. D
【解析】本文介绍大学教育的重要性。
67. B
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句For many high school students, being able to immediately generate an income after
graduation is an appealing thought.可知一些高中生更愿意早点挣钱。故选B。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
68. C
推理判断题。根据第三段中Why should you go to college? One important answer to this question is more opportunity. As
opposed to generations of the past, high school graduates today are unable to obtain high-paying jobs that were once
available.可知，作者认为大学毕业生在就业市场上比其他人获得更多的机会。故选C。
69. A
推理判断题。根据最后一段中A good education is beneficial from many different viewpoints, and though the importance
of a college education is quite evident for many high school students, what is often not as clear is how they will pay for that
education. 良好的教育得益于许多不同的观点，虽然大学教育的重要性对于很多高中学生来说都很明显，人们通常
不清楚的是他们将如何支付这种教育费用。可知下文最有可能要说的是A 项，Affording college education.负担得起
大学教育。
70. D
推理判断题。根据第一段“Why is it important to go to college?” The answer is that, more than ever, college graduates
enjoy much greater opportunities available to them than those who have not received a college education.可知介绍上大学
的重要情；根据For many high school students, being able to immediately generate an income after graduation is an
appealing thought. They may also be affected by the rising cost of tuition,---可知第二、三段在介绍关于上大学的两个观
点；根据Why should you go to college? One important answer to this question is more opportunity.There are additional
reasons as to why it is important to go to college. 和The importance of a college education is also stressed because of the
opportunity to gain valuable resources during the study.可知第三、四、五段在对第二个观点所阐述的次要点；最后一段
得出why should you go to college?的结论。根据上面的分析D 为正确选项。
2. 【浙江省温州市2017 届高三第二次模拟】C
We love the sea. We swim into it, live near it, build beside it, and even imagine about living under the sea. But we’re
terrified of it, too. For much of our history, we have turned to “hard engineering” to control the marine (海洋) environment
and manage its influence on us. We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these efforts seem to fail. The sea has a habit
of taking back its own. And we suffer.
Johnston, a marine ecologist, is advocating for “blue engineering” — the marine version of the “green engineering”
movement on land that has seen nations like Singapore building the walls and roofs of the concrete jungle with plant life.
We are expanding further into the marine environment. This practice docs harm lo marine ecosystems. We’re loving the
sea to death, but we’ve not been thinking about design of structures (建筑物) with respect to ecology. Some coastal
structures create shade, which reduces the growth of seaweed. Bright lights at night contuse species such as turtles. That’s
why blue engineering comes in.
Throughout the world people are starting to turn things around. Researchers with the World Harbour Project are
creating tiles (瓦片) similar to the natural structures found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology. These make more
attractive homes for marine creatures. Researchers are also actively seeding these tiles with local seaweeds and creatures
such as the Sydney rock oyster, which is particularly good at improving water quality. Twelve harbours around the world are
taking part in this marine tile experiment, each working with their own unique marine life.
It’s a far cry from, he days when huge number, of old tyres were thrown, into the sea to build “artificial reef” (礁石).
Those clumsy early attempts are now costing millions to remove, showing just how far we have yet to go in understanding
how best to co-habit with the underwater world.
27. What do we know about “hard engineering”?
A. It has improved sea environment.
B. It can control the influence of sea.
C. It has failed to achieve its purpose.
D. It makes living under sea impossible.
28. Para.3 is mainly about the
to introduce the project of “blue engineering”.
A. drawbacks
B. reasons
C. procedures
D. measures
29. Which of the following is a form of “blue engineering”?
A. Constructing buildings with plant life.
B. Expanding into marine environments.
C. Creating an artificial reef with old tyres.
D. Building structures benefiting sea creatures.
30. What is the writer’s feeling towards the present situation of marine environment?
A. Relieved
B. Doubtful
C. Satisfied
D. Disappointed
【答案】27. C
28. B
29. D
30. A
【解析】本文主要讲了引进蓝色海洋工程的原因以及如何实施蓝色海洋工程。
27. 推理判断题。由We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these efforts seem to fail. The sea has a habit of taking
back its own. And we suffer.可知“hard engineering”的意思是未能达到它的目的，选C。
28. 推理判断题。由This practice docs harm to marine ecosystems.与可知That’s why blue engineering comes in.可知第三
自然段主要讲了引进“蓝色工程”的原因，选B。
29. 推理判断题。由Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tiles (瓦片) similar to the natural structures
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology.可知建造对海洋生物有益的结构是“蓝色工程”的一种结构，选D。
30. 推理判断题。由最后一个自然段可推知作者对海洋环境的现状持放心态度。Relieved 放心，Doubtful 不确定的，
Satisfied 满意的，Disappointed 失望的，选A。
3. 【四川省绵阳南山中学2018 届高三12 月月考】A
The Things Successful People Do Differently
Why have you been so successful in reaching some of your goals, but not others? If you aren’t sure, you are far from
alone in your confusion. It turns out that even brilliant, highly accomplished people are pretty lousy when it comes to
understanding why they succeed or fail. The intuitive(直觉的) answer--that you are born with certain talents and lacking in
others--is really just one small piece of the puzzle. In fact, decades of research on achievement suggests that successful
people reach their goals not simply because of who they are, but more often because of what they do.
1. Get specific.
When you set yourself a goal, try to be as specific as possible. “Lose 5 pounds” is a better goal than “lose some weight,”
because it gives you a clear idea of what success looks like. Knowing exactly what you want to achieve keeps you motivated
until you get there. Also, think about the specific actions that need to be taken to reach your goal. Just promising you’ll “eat
less” or “sleep more” is too vague--be clear and precise. “I’ll be in bed by 10pm on weeknights” leaves no room for doubt
about what you need to do, and whether or not you’ve actually done it.
2. Seize the moment to act on your goals.
To seize the moment, decide in advance when and where you will take each action you want to take. Again, be as
specific as possible (e.g., “If it’s Monday, Wednesday, or Friday, I’ll work out for 30 minutes before work.”) Studies show
that this kind of planning will help your brain to detect and seize the opportunity when it arises, increasing your chances of
success by roughly 300%.
3. Know exactly how far you have left to go.
Achieving any goal also requires honest and regular monitoring of your progress--if not by others, then by you yourself.
If you don’t know how well you are doing, you can’t adjust your behavior or your strategies accordingly. Check your
progress frequently--weekly, or even daily, depending on the goal.
1. Which of the following goals might the author agree on?
A. Try to do more assignments at night
B. Have fewer ice creams after lunch
C. Walk ten thousand steps every day
D. Communicate frequently with parents
2. Which of the following is true?
A. Most people know the reasons for their success
B. Success has nothing to do with talents
C. What people do might decide their possibility of success
D. Planning your action in advance reduces your chances of success
3. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. Report decades of research on achievement
B. Inform us of the actions of successful people
C. Present people’s thoughts on their success
D. Help us to check our progress strategically
【答案】1. C
2. C
3. B
【解析】本文讲述了成功的人能够实现他们的目标不仅仅是因为他们是谁而是因为他们做什么，具体说来成功的人
所做的不同的事主要有：目标确定、抓住机遇、定时监督。
2. 细节理解题。由In fact, decades of research on achievement suggests that successful people reach their goals not simply
because of who they are, but more often because of what they do.可知人们做了什么，决定了他们成功的可能性，选C。
3. 写作意图题。本文讲述了成功的人能够实现他们的目标不仅仅是因为他们是谁而是因为他们做什么，具体说来成
功的人所做的不同的事主要有：目标确定、抓住机遇、定时监督。所以选B。
4. 【黑龙江省大庆中学2018 届高三上学期期中】B
How Important Is Fashion?
Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging by the things
they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.
People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on
extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as
high-heeled shoes that create blisters(水泡), tight body shapers that limit blood flow, and sticky false eyelashes(假睫毛).
Men and women alike spend time and money on produces that change their natural hair color and use hot irons and blow
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
dryers to curl or straighten their hair. Some people spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion important
enough to spend so much time and effort on changing how you look like?
If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much
discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should prioritize(优先考虑)being healthy and positive.
What people wear does not indicate anything about their personalities. Instead of going on strict diets and starving, why not
eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a
person.
5. The author’s main purpose in writing the text is to
.
A. show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting
B. persuade readers to value health more than fashion
C. entertain readers to value health more than fashion
D. inform readers of the latest fashion trends
6. Which statement best represents the author’s viewpoint?
A. Fashion can make people do some unhealthy things.
B. Fashion increases famous people’s self-respect.
C. When you look good, you feel good.
D. People need to diet to lose weight.
7. Which of the following activities would the author most likely recommend?
A. Shopping for bargain clothes.
B. Starting a new diet with a friend.
C. Going skating with friends.
D. Changing the hairstyle every week.
8. Why does the author include questions in the text?
A. To enrich the content.
B. To introduce a new topic.
C. To reflect different attitudes.
D. To make readers think and give their opinions.
【答案】5. B
6. A
7. C
8. D
【解析】这篇文章主要讲了健康比时尚更重要。
5. 写作意图题。由全文主题句But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.可知这
篇文章主要讲了健康比时尚更重要，选B。
6. 推理判断题。由People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so
they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions,
such as high-heeled shoes that create blisters(水泡), tight body shapers that limit blood flow, and sticky false eyelashes(假
睫毛). Men and women alike spend time and money on produces that change their natural hair color and use hot irons and
blow dryers to curl or straighten their hair.可推断出追求时尚，可令人们做一些不健康的事情，选A。
7. 推理判断题。由Instead of going on strict diets and starving, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise?可知作
者最可能推荐的活动是和朋友一起滑冰，选C。
8. 推理判断题。在这篇文章中，作者通过提出问题的方式，让读者进行思考，然后作者再给出自己的观点，选D。
5. 【湖北省武汉市部分学校2018 届高三9 月起点调研】D
Americans recognize that there is a past on which the present rests. But they have not developed their sense of the
depth of time as much as this has been done in the Middle East and South Asia. The Arab looks back two to six thousand
years for his own origins. History is used as the basis for almost any modem action. The chances are that an Arab won’ start
a talk or a speech or analyze a problem without first developing the historical aspects of his subject. The American assumes
that time has depths but he seldom stresses its importance of it.
The American never questions the fact that time should be planned and future events should be fitted into a schedule.
He thinks that people should look forward to the future and not talk too much on the past. His future is not very far ahead
of him. Results must be obtained in the foreseeable future — one or two years or, at the most, five or ten. Promises to
meet deadlines and appointments are taken very seriously. There is real punishment for being late and for not keeping
commitments in time. The American thinks it is natural to calculate the value of time. To fail to do so is unthinkable. The
American calculates how much time is required to do everything. “I’ll be there in ten minutes.” “It will take six months to
finish that job.” “I was in the Army for four and a half years.”
The Americans, like so many other people, also use time as a link that chains events together. If one event occurs on
the heels of another, we will certainly try to find a causal relationship between them. If A is seen around the area of B's
murder shortly after the crime has been committed we automatically form a connection between A and B. However,
events which are separated by too much time are difficult for us to connect in our minds. This makes it almost impossible
for us as a nation to engage (从事) in long-range planning.
32. How do Americans see past time according to the first paragraph?
A. It’s valueless.
B. It’s limited.
C. It reflects today.
D. It helps start a talk.
33. What does the underlined phrase “to do so” in paragraph 2 refer to?
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
A. To calculate the value of the past.
B. To plan a schedule for future events.
C. To figure out the importance of time.
D. To meet deadlines and appointments.
34. When will Americans chain two events together?
A. When common evidence is found.
B. When the two events happen one by one.
C. When A is found near the scene of B’s crime.
D. When one event happens long after another.
35. What does the author mainly want to tell Americans to do?
A. See time further.
B. Make a long-range plan.
C. Remember the past time.
D. Keep their commitments.
【答案】32. C
33. C
34. B
35. A
【解析】本文是篇议论文。文章阐述了美国人关注事情发生的因果，但更强调未来事情发生的计划性。
32. 细节理解题。文章第一段第一句中提到美国人承认现在和过去是有关联的，从而说明美国人认为今天的某些事
情是过去的一种折射（reflect）。故选C.
33. 细节理解题。前一句有“The American thinks it is natural to calculate the value of time”，讲的是美国人认为“考
虑时间的价值”是“自然的”，也就是美国人看重时间的重要性。而这正是后面to do so 的内容。故选C。
34. 第三段第二句中“If one event occurs on the heels of another（如果一件事情紧随着另一件事情发生）”就是后半
句所说的两件有因果关系事情发生的时间。B 项里“the two events happen one by one”就是“一件事接着发生另一
件事”的意思。故选B。
35. 主旨大意题。第二段第一句和第二句提到美国人注重时间的计划性和未来事情的合理安排，第三句提到，未来
计划的时间不能太久，一般一至两年，最多五至十年。文章的最后一句提到，对美国人来说“long-range planning”
也是不可能的。综上所述A 项“See time further”符合题意。故选A。
6. 【东北三省三校2017 届高三第二次联合模拟】C
For generations, students were taught to stretch before playing games. Then the practice fell out of favor. Studies
seemed to show that such stretching temporarily reduces muscular power, weakens athletic performance and increases
the risk of injury. So most fitness experts currently advise against stretches before exercise. But now a new research
indicates that they might not be such a bad idea after all.
This month, the journal, Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism (APNM), published a study by four
distinguished exercise scientists who analyzed more than 200 studies of how stretching affects the following exercise. In
broad terms, they found that stretching can briefly prevent the ability to generate power. So if you reach for your toes and
hold that position, tightening your hamstrings (腿筋), you might not then be able to leap as high or start a dash as
forcefully as you don’t stretch.
Those undesirable effects were generally found, however, only if each stretch was held for more than 60 seconds and
the subject then immediately became fully active, with no further warm-up. “Outside the lab, most people are unlikely to
hold a warm-up stretch for longer than about 30 seconds.” Dr. McHugh, the co-author of the study says. The review found
few lasting negative impacts from these short stretches, especially if the volunteers followed that stretching with several
minutes of jogging or other basic warm-up movements. In fact, these short stretches turned out to have a positive effect.
Do these findings mean that all the athletes should stretch in advance before a match? “Not necessarily,” Dr. McHugh
says, “Runners and cyclists don’t have much risk for acute muscle injuries.” Stretching before these activities is unlikely to
protect against injury. Runners and cyclists can adequately warm up by jogging or pedaling lightly. But he suggests that
people who play basketball and other ball sports should stretch in advance. Those who haven’t stretched since childhood
gym class might want to consider consulting an athletic trainer about the best upper and lower body stretches, particularly
for the shoulders and hamstrings.
28. Which of the following statements agrees with most fitness experts?
A. Before playing a game you should stretch your legs and arms.
B. After attending a match you should stretch your legs and arms.
C. It’s harmful to stretch your legs and arms before playing games.
D. It doesn’t matter whether you stretch or not before playing games.
29. According to the new research, people may suffer negative impacts when _______.
A. they do stretches after attending a game
B. they reach for toes and hold that position
C. following a stretch with several minutes’ jogging
D. dashing immediately after one 60-second plus stretch
30. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. all athletes should not stretch in advance
B. the four scientists published the journal APNM
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
C. it’s unnecessary for a tennis player to do warm-up stretches
D. players ought to have done warm-up stretches since childhood
31. What’s Dr. McHugh’s attitude toward stretches?
A. Concerned.
B. Doubtful.
C. Disapproving.
D. Objective.
【答案】28. C
29. D
30. A
31. D
【解析】文章论述了比赛前热身运动正确与否的不同观点。
28. C
细节推理题。根据第一段Studies seemed to show that such stretching temporarily reduces muscular power, weakens
athletic performance and increases the risk of injury. So most fitness experts currently advise against stretches before
exercise.可知研究似乎表明，这种拉伸会暂时减少肌肉力量，削弱运动员的表现，增加受伤的风险。因此大多数健
身专家目前都不建议在运动前进行伸展运动。故选C.
29. D
推理判断题。根据第二段they found that stretching can briefly prevent the ability to generate power. So if you reach for
your toes and hold that position, tightening your hamstrings (腿筋), you might not then be able to leap as high or start a
dash as forcefully as you don’t stretch.伸展运动可能会短暂地阻止产生能量的能力，如果运动前做伸展运动，可能无
法像不拉伸以前一样，跳得高或冲劲猛。所以60 秒拉伸后猛冲会有负面影响。故选D.
30. A
推理判断题。根据最后一段Do these findings mean that all the athletes should stretch in advance before a match? “Not
necessarily,”可知发现表明并不是所有运动员都要比赛前热身，要区别对待。故选A.
31. D
推理判断题。根据最后一段Dr. McHugh 对热身的观点Stretching before these activities is unlikely to protect against
injury. Runners and cyclists can adequately warm up by jogging or pedaling lightly. But he suggests that people who play
basketball and other ball sports should stretch in advance.可知不能千篇一律，要区别对待。可见他对此是比较客观的。
故选D.
【名师点睛】
推理判断题的常见考查形式及解题方法：
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了做出正确
的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到
文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，
推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
本文考查推测文章的观点或结论。小题2 考查人们什么时候会受拉伸运动的负面影响，根据第二段they found that
stretching can briefly prevent the ability to generate power. So if you reach for your toes and hold that position, tightening
your hamstrings (腿筋), you might not then be able to leap as high or start a dash as forcefully as you don’t stretch.伸展运
动可能会短暂地阻止产生能量的能力，如果运动前做伸展运动，可能无法像不拉伸以前一样，跳得高或冲劲猛。所
以60 秒拉伸后猛冲会有负面影响。小题3 考查从文中得出的观点，根据最后一段Do these findings mean that all the
athletes should stretch in advance before a match? “Not necessarily,”可知发现表明并不是所有运动员都要比赛前热身，
要区别对待。小题4 考查Dr. McHugh 对热身的观点，根据最后一段Dr. McHugh 对热身的观点Stretching before these
activities is unlikely to protect against injury. Runners and cyclists can adequately warm up by jogging or pedaling lightly.
But he suggests that people who play basketball and other ball sports should stretch in advance.可知不能千篇一律，要区
别对待。可见他对此是比较客观的。
7. 【山东省曲阜市2018 届高三上学期期中】D
It’s true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and
hotter. There’s also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the
same thing. For instance, a 2010 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that: The global warming
over the last half - century has been caused mainly by human activity.”
You may not believe that humans could change the planet’s climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year,
billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for
years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.
Of course, the earth’s climate has always been changing due to “natural” factors such as volcanic eruption or changes
in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming
observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build - up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere -
not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to
a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it: “If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why
aren’t carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?”
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an
experiment with two identical Earths-one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible, and so most
scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
12. The text is developed by ________.
A. giving typical examples
B. following the order of space
C. comparing and finding differences
D. analyzing a theory and arguing it
13. Which of the following is not the cause of climate change?
A. volcanic eruption
B. floods arid droughts
C. changes in solar
D. cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun
14. The underline word ‘‘identical” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
A. exactly the same
B. totally different
C. extremely important
D. partly independent
15. Which of the following can be the best title?
A. Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?
B. Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?
C. Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?
D. What’s the Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?
【答案】12. D
13. B
14. A
15. A
【解析】这篇文章对人类是否造成了全球变暖这一理论进行了论述，表明全球变暖是否是人类的影响尚且不能定论。
12. 推理判断题。文章首先对一个普遍存在的理论进行分析，再引用一些专家的观点对这一普遍的理论进行辩论，
故选D。
13. 细节理解题。由Of course, the earth’s climate has always been changing due to “natural” factors such as volcanic
eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun.可知洪水和干旱不是造成气候变化的
原因，选B。
14. 词义猜测题。由The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be
to run an experiment with two identical Earths-one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible，可
知如果要分析是否是人类造成的影响需要有两个完全条件一致的实验，一个有人类活动的地球，一个是没有人类活
动的地球，对两个实验进行参照性的比较，显然这是不可能的，所以‘‘identical”的意思是完全一样的，故选A。
15. 主旨大意题。这篇文章对人类是否造成了全球变暖这一理论进行了论述，表明全球变暖是否是人类的影响尚且
不能定论，所以这篇文章最好的标题是人类一定会造成全球变暖吗？故选A。
名师点睛：说明文是高考必考的文章体裁，出题的范围很广泛，新型科技类文体是比较受青睐的。学生在解答此类
题目时应对整个文章做个大概的了解，对每一段的第一句话迅速的阅读，进而读题，在读题的过程中找出关键词在
文章中进行定位，逐一作答。
8. 【东北师大附中净月实验学校2017-2018 学年高三第二次校内模拟】C
To a large degree,the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present
moment . In spite of what happened yesterday or last year,and what may or may not happen tomorrow,the present moment is
where you are-always!
Without question,many of us have mastered the neurotic （神经兮兮的）art of spending much of our lives worrying
about a variety of things-all at once.We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments,so much
that we end up anxious,frustrated depressed,and hopeless.On the other hand,we also delay our happiness,often convincing
ourselves that “someday” will be much
better than today.Unfortunately,the same mental dynamics that tell us to look
toward to the future will only repeat themselves so that “someday”never actually arrives.John Lennon once said,“Life is
what is happening while we are busy making other plans.”When we are busy making“ other plans”, our children are busy
growing up, the people we love are moving away and dying, our bodies are getting out of shape,and our dreams are slipping
away.In short,we miss out on life.
Many people live as if life were dress rehearsal for some late date.It isn't.In fact,no one has a guarantee that he or she
will be here tomorrow.Now is the only time we have,and the only time that we have any control over.When our attention is
in the present moment,we push fear from our minds.Fear is the concern over events that might happen in the future-we won't
have enough money,our children will
get into trouble,we will get old and die,whatever.
To combat fear,the best strategy is to learn to bring your attention back to the present.Mark Twain said,“I have been
through some terrible things in my life,some of which actually happened.”I don't think I can say it any better.Practice
keeping your attention on here and now.Your efforts will pay off .
8. In the first paragraph,the author tells us to focus on
.
A. the past
B. the future
C. every day
D. the present
9. Why do we often have some negative feelings?
A. Because we often forget what happened in the past.
B. Because we are often disturbed by what happened in the past and what will happen in the future.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
C. Because we often pay attention to what is happening at present.
D. Because we often ignore what will happen in the future and what happened in the past.
10. The underlined word in the last paragraph means
.
A. depend
B. deserve
C. determine
D. defeat
11. The best title of this passage is
.
A. Always live in the present moment
B. Never forget the past
C. Never complain about life
D. Always get prepared for the future
【答案】8. D
9. B
10. D
11. A
【解析】生活中我们总是让过去的问题和未来的忧虑支配我们现在的时刻，以至于最终焦虑、沮丧和绝望。我们要
学会把注意力拉回到当下，活在现在。
8. D
细节推理题。根据第一段the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present
moment .和the present moment is where you are-always!可知我们内心是否平和在很大程度上是由我们是否能生活在
现实之中所决定的. 现实才是你时时刻刻所在之处。我们应该注重现在，活在当下。故选D.
9. B
细节推理题。根据第二段We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments, so much that we
end up anxious, frustrated depressed, and hopeless. 我们总是让过去的问题和未来的忧虑支配我们现在的时刻，以至于
我们最终会焦虑、沮丧和绝望。这是我们经常有消极感情的原因，故选B.
10. D
猜测词义题。A. depend 依靠；B. deserve 应受，应得；C. determine 决定；D. defeat 战胜，打败。此处指要克服恐惧，
最好的策略就是学会把注意力拉回到当下。combat 指战胜，克服，与defeat 同义，故选D.
11. A
主旨大意题。生活中我们总是让过去的问题和未来的忧虑支配我们现在的时刻，以至于最终焦虑、沮丧和绝望。我
们要学会把注意力拉回到当下，活在现在。A 项：永远活在当下，概括全文适合作为标题，故选A.
9.【云南省师范大学附属中学2017 届高三上学期高考适应性考试月考（四）】D
Media both in America and the world seem to have “discovered” that so-called” reality” show are very profitable,
resulting in a growing tendency of such shows in event years. Although not all are successful, many do achieve important
popularity and cultural significance. That does not meant, however, that they are good for society or that they should be
shown.
The primary basis for many of these shows (but not all) seems to put people in painful and embarrassing situations for
the rest of us to watch-and, probably, laugh at and be entertained by . What we are looking at here is an extension of
Schadenfrecude ,a German word used to describe people’s delight and entertainment at the failings and problems of
others. So what causes us to obtain entertainment from the suffering of others? Perhaps we are simply happy that these
things aren’t happening to us , and it seems more reasonable when we see something accidental rater than something
deliberately staged for our amusement.
Speaking of “indeliberately staged plots”, one of the attractions of reality television is the supposed “reality” of
it-unplanned situations and reactions. However, one of the moral problems of reality television is the fact that it isn’t as
“real” as it pretends to be. Entertainment, of course, often comes from conflict, so conflict will be created where none
exists. If the show cannot arouse conflict during the filming, it can be created by pieces of footage（电影胶片）put together.
It is all in what the producer choose to show, or not show to you, as the fact often may be.
Any morality holder should refuse to neither underwrite(署名) nor watch any programming, no matter how popular it
is. It is morally wrong to do such things for fun (especially on a regular basis) and to do it for money or to pay to have it
done.
32. Which of the following is NOT an example of “Schadenfreude”?
A. You laugh at someone slipping on the ice.
B. You take pleasure in the failure of a company you dislike.
C. You are entertained by comedies shown in the cinema.
D. You feel pleased at your opponent’s hurting himself/herself in the competition.
33. According to Paragraph 3, why does the “reality show” fail to achieve the “reality” it should have?
A. The pieces of footage put together aren’t underwritten by morality holders.
B. Some of the editing and conflicts are created artificially and deliberately.
C. The unplanned situations and reactions aren’t profitable and eye-catching.
D. The painful and embarrassing situations are untenable for audiences to see.
34. According to the text, what is the author’s attitude towards “reality show”?
A. Doubtful.
B. Supportive.
C. Critical.
D. Objective.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
35. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
【语篇导读】本文是
议论文。针对目前流行
的“真人秀”节目，作
者从心理和“真实性”两方面分别作了探讨，指出“真人秀”的弊端，呼吁人们不要观看。
32．C
细节理解题。第二段解释了Schadenfreude，即从他人的灾难、不幸中获得快感。C 选项不符。
33．B
细节理解题。第三段对真人秀真实性提出质疑，通过人为制造冲突、剪辑等手法可干涉其真实性。B 项符合
题意。
34．C
观点态度题。从第一段最后一句及第四段最后一句可知，作者对“真人秀”持批评、不支持的态度。
35．B
文章结构题。第一段引出话题，第二段、第三段分别从心理层面和真实性层面对问题进行分析，第四段得
出结论。故选B。
10.【河南省洛阳市2018 届高三12 月联考】B
It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon
Rain Forest. Without it we would not have grown into primates (灵长类动物). Or we would probably still be struggling to
sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without competition, Columbus wouldn’t have
discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.
Friendship, like all relationship between two people, involves competition. It isn’t competition in a traditional sense
because there are no goals to be scored and no prize. Perhaps the ecological definition — the simultaneous (同时的)
demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light — better
explain it.
As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwin’s theory of
evolution, overpopulation, and competition. There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking
and categorizing (分类) take place. In high school, friendships learn to co-exist with competition even though at times the
relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstances, competition is too much of a burden for a friendship to bear, causing it
to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a
student’s fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to
achieve a similar recognition.
Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life. It sets and improves
the standards in everything from sports to school work. A healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it
becomes too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendships apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.
4. What does the ecological definition mainly explain?
A. How friends compete with each other.
B. How to win the competition.
C. What the result of competition is.
D. What competition exactly is.
5. According to the writer, what causes the high school students to compete?
A. The number of them is too large.
B. Friendship is a burden for them.
C. They know the laws of nature well.
D. They are divided into different groups.
6. Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?
A. Friendship is always based on competition.
B. The degree of competition is vital to friendship.
C. Competition is terribly harmful to friendship.
D. Competition is a result of lost friendship.
7. What does the author think of “competition”?
A. The results of competition are out of control.
B. Competition becomes fiercer in high school.
C. Competition is certain to happen at schools.
D. Friendship is not as important as competition at schools.
【答案】4. D
5. A
6. B
7. C
【解析】本文主要讲了竞争推动了人类社会的发展以及如何在竞争和友谊中寻找平衡。
4. 细节理解题。由Perhaps the ecological definition — the simultaneous (同时的) demand by two or more organisms for
limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light — better explain it.可知生态定义主要解释了竞争
是什么，选D。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
5. 细节理解题。由There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing (分类)
take place.可知造成高中生竞争的原因是高中生数量太庞大，选A。
6. 推理判断题。由A healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy (妒忌)
can tear friendships apart. 可推断出竞争的程度对友谊至关重要，选B。
7. 细节理解题。由Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.可知作
者认为在学校，竞争一定会发生，选C。
资料正文内容开始>>
专题11
阅读填空
方法与技巧
题型特点
1.文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280～330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考
生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考
生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。
2.考查对文章的结构的了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。
解题方法
通过对高考中“七选五”型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解
题规律，主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、
定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析，希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。
步骤一：通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为•开门见山”与•结尾总结的
写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文
章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式—呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它
是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果
末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为•结尾总结:式，如两者均可排除，
则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。
找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。
步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文
中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放
入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文
章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的
写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断
或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。
步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语
篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选
择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有
很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。
体验高考
1.【2017·新课标I】第二节
(共5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping. I would have laughed
heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insects bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
They had nothing in common with me.
36
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.
37
We
sleep
in
a
tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the
bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from
work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn
and the doctor`s bill for my son`s food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.
38
Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had
remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
39
We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a
bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has
matching carpet and curtains.
40
It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find
your way in style.
A．This time there was no tent.
B．Things are going to be improved.
C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【答案】
【文章大意】三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经历，作者和他
的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买了设备齐全的房车。作者认为露营是回归大自然的一个方式，也建议读者
找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。
36. D 根据前文可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营。暗示此处作者对待露营的情感
态度应该出现转变。D 选项中的however 就起到了很好的转折作用。其次，If anyone had told me three years ago that
I would be spending most of my weekends camping 暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D 选项中的since then“自从那时
候起”，和前文时间吻合。故选D。
37.C 根据后文We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the
bathroom 可知作者第一次露营条件很艰苦，C 选项The trip they took me on was a rough one.中的rough 暗示了这一点，
符合语境。故选C。
38.A 根据前文We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the
bathroom 可知作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很远的距离去洗澡上厕所，条件很艰苦。而后文中Instead,
we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. 说明作者第二次露营有床有空调
A 选项This
time there was no tent“这次没有帐篷了”暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。故选A。
39.F 根据后文we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a
separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.可知作者一家
为了露营买了房车，里面设备齐全。既然花了这么大精力，说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F 选项After the trip, my
family became quite interested in camping“那次露营之后，我的家人开始对它感兴趣”符合语境，故选F。
40.E 根据后文It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you
find your way in style.可知作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法，而根据前文可知作者回归自然的方式
就是露营。E 选项I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.“我必须得承认我真的开始享受露营”既是对
文章第一段中作者态度转变的一个总结，也很好的衔接了后文。故选E。
【名师点睛】
七选五的考查形式是给考生呈现一篇缺了五句话的英语文章，并要求考生根据文章的结构、逻辑、上下文的内容选
出相应的五句话填入空白处将文章补充完整。具体的解题步骤有以下几点：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常有三个四个位置：标题，句
首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以
降低难度。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。一般说来，记叙文的语言是按时间发展顺序或因果关系排
列的，常用的连接词有：then, later, after that, soon, after a while, in the end, so, as a result, because of that 等。说明文
常采用总-分-总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以
各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。议论文先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出
结论。新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层
次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句际
间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。文章的衔接手段有：重复式用某一词语或子范
畴的词语，使用同义语表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于
段落的思路平稳在句子之间过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接
是文章连贯的两个必要因素。
步骤五：区分相似项七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地
比对相似选项，方法和答阅读理解时区分相似项一样。
步骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、
紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，
从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
2.【2017·全国新课标II】第二节（共5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.
36
,there are
several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37
.Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the of
you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that
you’ll find them then.
38
.It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.
When you need to someone, don’t do it in your own office.
39
.it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to
your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it.
40
.If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter.
Excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, you’re
not to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t
feel
bad
about
saying
no
B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work zxx.k
C. Set boundaries for yourself
as your time goes
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
36-40 BAEDG
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕中断这一话题展开论述。由于在工作中被打断是一件令人感觉很糟糕的事，
因此作者提出了几点建议，防止此类事件的发生。
36.“____，there are several ways to handle things”,根据there are several ways to handle things，可知下文是关于几种防
止在工作中被别人打断的方法，此句与前半句构成一个完整的句子，根据语境分析。故选B。
37.根据后文“Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the of you can
talk at a different time”，这一段主要是讲述，学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。故选A。
38.根据横线前“have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then”安
排好时间，让他们知道你在什么时候回来，或者告诉他们，你会去找他们，再结合后文“It can help to eliminate(消除)
future interruptions”这样做可以帮助你消除未来被打断的可能，根据句意的衔接，
故选E。
39.根据后文“it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space
even after explaining how busy you are”，此句中it 指代前文“don’t do it in your own office.”，也就是说此段中作者认为
比起在自己的办公室解释，不在自己的办公室更容易点。故选D
40.根据“If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.”可知，此段主要是讲述关于如何利用自己办公室的门来防
止被打扰。故选G。
【名师点睛】
本文37 题属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一
致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据后文“Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that
you have a million things to do and then ask if the of you can talk at a different time”可知我们应该学会在自己很忙的时
候去拒绝别人。故选A。当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：
1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地
衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征
词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。
考点：考查说明文阅读
3.【2017·新课标III】第二节
(共5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy
morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock
36
Here is how to make one.
●
37
In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get up in time to
have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about
your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.

Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If
you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.
38
That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.

Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could
sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent
study found.
39

Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a
new method for a week, take a look at your record.
40
If not, take another look at other methods you could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制定一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人
头疼的事。
36. C
根据后句中的关键词one 可以判断，该空中应该出现单数名词。再通读全文可知文章是介绍如何让起床不再
困难的一个计划，由此判断C 选项符合语境。
37. B
本段内容是建议人们要先确定为什么要早起，早起的目的是什么，也就是早起的动机是什么。由此推断B 可
以概括本段中心。
38. G 根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15 分钟的喝咖啡时间，能够多睡
15 分钟，文中的a quarter-hour 和选项中的15 minutes 呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。
39.F 根据段落小标题可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断Stick to your set bedtime and
wake-up time, no matter the day.和本段标题意思相同。故选F。
40.E
后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断该空与If not 对应，提出如果有效果的话如何去做。
故选E。
4.【2017·北京卷】第二节（共5 小题；每小题2 分，共10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within
a month.
71
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.
72
We
know that, while awake, fresh memories
are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we
sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be
weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.
73
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.
74
The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a
period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons
weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night`s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate
and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.
The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.
75
“You keep what
matters,” Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
【答案】71C 72E 73F 74G 75B
【解析】
试题分析：本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。
71.根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month.羊，老鼠如果不睡觉，一个月他们就死了，
同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病，人和动物对应起来，死和生病形成对应，故选C。
72.根据前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆，所以学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试
中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。
73.根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论，正好F 项中有，故选F。
74.根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the
mice 以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G 项有关键词
synapses，mice，都与他的实验有关，故答案为G。
75.根据后一句提到的You keep what matters,你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，前后逻辑关
系顺畅，故选B。
【名师点睛】
1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完
整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全
不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。
2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过
选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答
案。
3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，
代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我
们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。比如第73 题，代词的作用就体现的非常明显，如果看不到下文中的
he，很难做出判断，但是只要看到了就会马上去设想前面必然会提到某个男性的人物，然后根据语境很快就可以锁
定选项F，答案自然很快就可以确定。
4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊
疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why 的回答，后面要有because 等表原因的词，对when 的回答，后面要有
表时间的状语，对where 的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how 的回答，后面要有方式状语等。
5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless 等，另外还有一些表示并
列关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly...butalso，ononehand....ontheotherhand 等。因
为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。
5.【2017·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview
people on the sport. _____31_____ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.

When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and
develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems
in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” _____32_____

Hit the streets with confidence. _____33_____ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you
could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not intereste
Don’t get discouraged.
●34
Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you
get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview,
you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it.
A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.
35
●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t
leave work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
【解析】
试题分析：本文主要讲了如何进行街道随机采访的若干技巧。
31.D 根据空格后一句“,your first man-on-street interview experience can be easy”, 可知这是对于记者新人所提出的建
议，而选项D 中的”new reporters”正好与其相承接，故选D.
32.G 根据空格前一句是个远非yes 或no 就可以回答的提问, 而选项G 中“With a question like this…”,正好与其相承接，
故选G.
33.B 根据空格后一句所说的很有礼貌的提问，可知这里的建议应该是提问时要注意礼貌，而选项B 中的polite 正好
与其相呼应，故选B.
34.A 根据空格后一句“Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.”可知这一段的建
议是要限制采访的时间，故选A.
35.F 根据空格前一句“A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten”, 而选项F 中“That number of
interviews…”正好与其相呼应，故选F.
【名师点睛】
本文【小题34】属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据
段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据空格后一句“Each interview that you get
on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.”可知这段要求我们采访时要限制时间。故A 项为本段主题句。
当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：
1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地
衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征
词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤
其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。
考点：考查说明文阅读
6.【2016·全国新课标I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选
项。
Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing
business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The
science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell
out the hidden message “Meet me.”
38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order,
from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code
book. 39 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would
actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed
frequently.
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【答案】
36.-40 D E G.F A
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置和破解的方法。比如利用该字母在字母表中排序的数字来代
表该字母，或者利用一些单词的首字母来组成一个密码等。
36.D 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D 项内容
As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。
37.E 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来
作为密码，由此判断E 选项内容符合语境逻辑。
38.G 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故G 选项内
容Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.符合语境。
39.F 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的举例以及前句中的a code book 可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使
用，故判断F 选项With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.可以起到承上启下的
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
作用。
40.A 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也
不会使用很久的时间，故判断A 选项It is very hard to break a code without the code book.符合语境。
考点：七选五阅读理解
【归纳总结】七选五阅读填空考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题技巧如下：
1.注重句式的对接，比如排比句，祈使句等。2. 注重词汇的衔接：也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词，即词的复现
原则进行判断，其中包括同义词，原词和反义词的复现。3.注重举例或解释等。如37 题和39 题只需要利用for example
来进行解题。
7.【2016·全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
余选项。
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total
more than the sum(总和) of its parts?
16
. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and
understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
●___17
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).
18
. However, there are a
number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable
garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important.
19
--how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d
like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.
20
then
go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have
【答案】16. F
17. A
18. E
19. C
20. G
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建设花园的的具体
建议。
16.F 根据前两句提出：你是否参观过那些让你感觉非常好的花园？你也可以自己搞一个属于你自己的花园。故F 项
“你也可以把你自己的花园搞得那么美好”符合上下文串联。
17.A 根据本段前两句“Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.
Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).”可知不同人对花
园有不同的看法，再倒数第二句“然而，有很多能够解释你为什么想做园艺的原因”可知我们首先要搞清楚为什么
要做园艺。故A 项正确。
18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用废料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺
的不同看法。故E 项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。
19.C 根据前句“......那些都不重要”可知划线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C 项“重要的
是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文串联。
20.G 本部分介绍如果我们自己建一个花园，要回忆一下年轻的时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，
然后制定计划并把自己的计划变成美丽的花园。故G 项与上下文一致。
【名师点睛】
本文【小题17】属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据
段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据倒数第二句“However, there are a number
of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知我们首先要知道为什么要搞园艺。故A 项为本段主
题句。
当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：
1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地
衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征
词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。
考点：考查说明文阅读
8.【2016·全国新课标III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
Everyone knows that fish is good for health.
16
But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans
eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying,
storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.
17
This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
18
Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell
means the fish isn’t fresh.
19
When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the
refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish
isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish.
20
First, lean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料).
Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.
(A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
【答案】
16. G
17. D
18. F
19. A
20. B
【解析】
试题分析：文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是蒸鱼。
16. G 考查上下文串联。第一句“Everyone knows that fish is good for health.”是总写，But 表示转折，说明but 前面
一句是对第一句的解释，G 项“鱼中的脂肪有助于预防心脏病”符合语境，故选G。
17. D 考查上下文串联。题目前一句“Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.”可知，购买，存放和烧鱼并非难
事，再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D 项“这仅仅需要一点知识”符合语境，此题容
易与C 项混淆，C 项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即C 项与后一句重复，故选D。
18. F 考查上下文串联。根据“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选
F。
19. A 考查上下文串联。根据前一句“Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.”可知，带有强烈的味道的鱼
都不是新鲜的，不应该买这样的鱼，A 项与后句联系紧密，故选A。
20. B 考查上下文串联。根据“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot”可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方
法，故选B。
考点：生活类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
高考七选五解题方法
1.通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。
2.分析句型，了解语法构成
3.当我们了解了文章大意后，要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子。这一点十分重要，它能够帮助我们
迅速确定某些空的选项范围，比如，有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号，后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分，很显然这
时我们需要填的是半个句子，这时便可以在七个选项中找到是半个句子的选项，从而缩小选择范围。
4.明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。例如第16 空，
第19 空和第20 空都与它们的前一句有联系。
5.带入通读，复查
做完题目切忌直接离开，这是我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意连贯的文
章来读，这是如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，
错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做"连错"，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检
查其它空。
9.【2016·北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Risk-Seeking
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk
seems worth taking.
71
Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it
may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting,
fighting, or exploring.
72
As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up
with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one
Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of
character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.
73
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your
teenage years.
74
To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often
mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.
75
For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain
related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end
of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案】
71. F72. C73. A74. E75. G
【解析】
试题分析：文章从科学上对追求冒险和刺激进行了解释。冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关，当大脑的快乐中枢被激
活时，人们就会采取冒险行为。
71. F 考查上下文串联。前一句提到了“weigh the risk and the reward”，F 项“然而，并不是所有人都使用同样的参
考标准来权衡风险和回报”符合语境，故选F。
72. C 考查上下文串联。hunting, fighting, or exploring 狩猎、战斗和探索等活动是生存的必要条件，C 项中的those 是
对这些活动的指代，故选C。
73. A 考查上下文串联。根据“humans developed a range of character types...”可知，人们形成的不同类型的性格如
今仍然存在，正是不同的性格类型才导致了我们对冒险行为采取不同的态度，故选A。
74. E 考查上下文串联。E 项中的when 与“your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years”中的teenage
years 对应，故选E。
75. G 考查上下文串联。根据“a part of the brain...while for the rest of us...”可知，本段讲的是冒险行为与大脑的关系，
故选G。
考点：科研类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子
的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达
完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。
2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以
通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确
的答案。
3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，
代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我
们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。
4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊
疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why 的回答，后面要有because 等表原因的词，对when 的回答，后面要有
表时间的状语，对where 的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how 的回答，后面要有方式状语等。
5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless 等，另外还有一些表示并列
关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly...butalso，ononehand....ontheotherhand 等。因为这
些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。
10.【2016·四川】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16
In general, they can expect to live
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.
17
Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These
hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure
or to die from heart attacks.
18 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less
often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.19
Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body c
ells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age mor
e quickly. 20
A．However, women, on average, live longer.
B .The biological factor plays an important part.
C. Women are also helped by their female genes.
D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.
G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.
【答案】16.A
17.G
18.D
19.C
20.E
【解析】
试题分析：女性比男性寿命长的原因。
16.A 根据空格下一句：一般说，女性比男性多活6 到7 年。可知此处的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性寿命更长。
故选A。
17.G 根据空格上句：男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同帮助女性寿命更长。可知此空的意思是：荷尔蒙是身体生产的控
制各种身体功能的化学物质。故选G。
18.D 根据下句：它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染。可知此空的意思是：女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。故选
D。
19.C 根据下句：科学家仍然没有确切地表明基因怎样影响年龄，但是他们认为基因却是在影响年龄。可知上句：女
性基因也在帮助女性。
20.E 根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老
化快的倾向。可知E 项符合题意。“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”。故选E。
【名师点睛】
在做七选五时一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示词，可以准确确定空格上的选项。比如第20 小题，
Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s bod
y cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 20 句中的Some --- Others ---，是关键词，从这里知道这是两种观点。根据
空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾
向。可知E 项符合题意。“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”。故选E。
考点：考查信息匹配
模拟新题精选
1. 【安徽省皖南八校2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips To Boost Your Confidence
_____16_____Here are some solutions to boost your confidence in the long run.
Always think positively
We all have negative voices inside our head. ___17___Start out slowly and push yourself to think of three good things
about yourself every morning.
___18___
Take the time to look within yourself and asses what is possible to change and what is out of reach. It is important to focus
on changing the things you have control over, because this is where you will see the most self-improvement. Make a list of
three things that you would like to improve on and then under each item write a few bullet pints on how you will go about
making this change.
Focus on the small steps for signs of improvement.
Make sure to focus on smaller victories. It is often harder for individuals to see their own self improvement when they are
looking at the long term, but it is easier to pinpoint changes when you are focusing on daily
accomplishments.____19____Whatever it is makes sure you follow through and then acknowledge your achievements by
making a list and posting it somewhere easily in view, because small steps always add up in the end.
Stop comparing yourself to others.
One of the most common pitfalls(陷阱)that humans are guilty of is comparing themselves with each other. It is important
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
to remember that what appears on the surface is not always what is reality. If you feel like you are constantly overwhelmed
by trying to keep up with others, make a marked effort to limit your usage of social media.
_____20_____ .
A. Be realistic with what you can change.
B. Try to understand body languages of others.
C. Building confidence takes time and patience.
D. Practice being award of how you hold yourself during the day.
E. The good news is that we can change these voice to only say positive things instead
F. Start small and have a daily goal of one instance where you practice defending yourself.
G. You will be surprised with all the free time you have to do other things and best of all you will have a clear, more
condiment self.
【答案】16. C
17. E
18. A
19. F
20. G
【解析】本文属于方法策略的文章。主要是对于提高自信心的小提示有三点：要积极思考，对你能改变的事情要
实事求是；提高自信心是从小事的成功做起。
16. C
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据标题“Tips To Boost Your Confidence”提高自信心的小贴士，及空后的
内容“Here are some solutions to boost your confidence in the long run”以下是一些提高你长期信心的方法。可知是与树
立自信心有关系。故C 符合题意。
17. E
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据小标题“Always think positively” 要积极思考。空前我们头脑中都有我
们脑子里都有消极的声音。可推出要把消极的东西变成积极的，分析七个选项可知E. 我们可以改变这些声音为积
极的东西。故E 项符合题意。
18. A
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的一段中的“asses what is possible to change and what is out of reach.
It is important to focus on changing the things you have control over” 预测什么是可能改变的，哪些是遥不可及的。把重
点放在改变你控制的事情上是很重要的，可知本段要让你改变的东西能实现的，即是现实的。分析选项可知A. 对
你能改变的事情要实事求是，符合题意意，故选A。
19. F
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本空在小标题“Focus on the small steps for signs of improvement.” 专注于每一
小步的提高。及“focus on smaller victories”。分析七个选项可知F.从小做起，每天都有一个锻炼的实例。与其相符，
故选F。
20. G
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本空所在的小标题“Stop comparing yourself to others.”不要与别人比较。及
本段大意：因为比别人比较会有内疚感，记住表面的东西并非是真的，不断地与别人比较会把你压垮，限制你的行
为。再分析剩下的三个选项，可推断出B、D 与本文无关，所以只有G 你会惊讶于所有的空闲时间，你不得不做其
他的事情（去疲于应付比较），故选G。
2. 【辽宁省六校协作体2018 届高三上学期期中】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every one complains. Even if you argue that you are the happiest person in the world, you still complain sometimes.
Sometimes you complain without even realizing it, but rarely is it ever helpful. ____16____ Here are some tips to stop
complaining and give up the negative thoughts:
___17___
When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative comment about something or someone, stop and force yourself
to say something positive instead. Seek the help of a cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see
the positive in the situation
Make a list of things you are grateful for.
You often complain about the things you don't have without noticing those things you already have. Be grateful for
what you have in your life because you are lucky simply for being yourselves. ___18___
Learn to adapt to the changes.
There are many things you can't change. ____19____ Always find the positive side of each
situation, regardless of however difficult the situation is. With parents' and friends' support, you can survive any life
changes.
Allow yourself to vent（发泄）your feelings every once in a while.
Constantly ignoring negative thoughts could add up. If you are really going through a rough time, don't be afraid to
share your feelings with a close friend or family member or see a therapist.
Find what makes you happy.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
___20___ Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career. Uncover what your biggest
complaints are about and see if you can change the situation to
make you happy.
Choose happiness, focus on the positive, and be kind always!
A. Change the way you think
B Make positive people friends
C The best and only thing you can do is to accept them
D Are you constantly complaining about your present job?
E
Sometimes this list can be easy, full of hobbies you enjoy
F. So how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining?
G
Set down things you are thankful for and you'll see that you don't have any reason to complain.
【答案】16. F
17. A
18. G
19. C
20. D
【解析】每个人都有抱怨的时候，即使你是世界上最快乐的人，偶尔也会抱怨。本文主要介绍了几个方法来停止抱
怨和消除消极思想。
16. 空格上文讲述抱怨是没用的，无益的，下文讲述下面就是一些停止抱怨，放弃消极思想的一些建议，因此推断
空格处选F 项“如何成功地让自己停止抱怨呢？”符合语境，起承上启下的作用。故选F。
18. 根据段落标题可知，本段建议把感恩的事情列个清单，感激我们所拥有的，因此推断空格处选G 项“写下我们
感激的事情，我们将会明白我们没有什么可抱怨的”符合语境。故选G。
19. 根据段落标题和空格上文可知，我们要学会适应变化，总有许多事情我们不能改变，因此推断，既然我们不能
改变，最好的也是唯一我们能做的就是接受它们。故选C。
20. 根据空格下文可知，到了你做出艰难的决定换一份工作的时候了，因此推断空格处选D 项“你总是不断抱怨你
现在的工作吗？”符合语境。故选D。
3. 【北京市房山区2016-2017 学年度高三年级第二学期第一次模拟】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能
填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Think Positive and Feel Positive
When you’re in a stressful situation, are you confident or unsafe? Do you react positively or negatively?
_____71_____A study by researchers at the University of Notre Dame found that negative thinking, and depression
coming from it, can be catching in certain circumstances.
For example, the researchers studied 103 freshman college roommates who’d been paired casually._____72_____
Specifically, the researchers measured the subject’s likelihood to see negative events as a reflection of their abilities and
disadvantages.
After only six months, it became clear that thinking patterns and styles can be catching. _____73_____And students
paired with more positive thinking roommates were more likely to become more positive in their thinking and report less
depression.
_____74_____So they might be particularly accessible to adopting the thought and behavior patterns of people
around them —perhaps more so than people in less intense situations at other stages of life.
But maybe not. Other research has shown that, in general, people are affected by how those around them think.
_____75_____
A. The answer may depend in part on whom you’re around.
B. Now college freshman are in a unique, life changing environment.
C. However, think positive and feel positive is quite important for college students.
D. Students paired with a negative-thinking roommate “caught” that style and became more depressed themselves.
E. They measured each roommate’s cognitive weakness, or tendency to give in to negative thinking and depression.
F. So surrounding a negative, depressed person with people who think positively could be a powerful form of treatment.
G. But what was to the researchers’ embarrassment was that the subjects never talked with each and stayed apart from
each other for most of the time.
【答案】71. A
72. E
73. D
74. B
75. F
【解析】本文主要介绍了要积极乐观地思考，当你处于压力状态时，你是自信还是感到不安？你的反应是积极的还
是消极的？这可能部分取决于你身边人。让一个积极思考的人陪在一个消极的、抑郁的人身边可能是一个强大的治
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
疗形式。
71. A 联系上文，根据前文When you’re in a stressful situation, are you confident or unsafe? Do you react positively or
negatively?可知当你处于压力状态时，你是自信还是感到不安？你的反应是积极的还是消极的？A 项答案可能部分
取决于你身边的人，符合文意，故填A。
72. E 上下文串联，根据上句For example, the researchers studied 103 freshman college roommates who’d been paired
casually 例如，研究人员研究了103 个随意配对的大一新生室友。E 项他们测试了每个室友的认知弱点，或屈服于消
极的想法和抑郁的倾向性，符合文意，故填E。
73. D 理解判断，根据下句And students paired with more positive thinking roommates were more likely to become more
positive in their thinking and report less depression 可知和思想更积极的室友配对的学生更可能变得更积极思考和减
少抑郁。D 项和抱着消极想法的室友配对的学生抓住了这种风格，使自己变得更加压抑，符合文意，故填D。
74. B 归纳总结题，根据后文So they might be particularly accessible to adopting the thought and behavior patterns of
people around them —perhaps more so than people in less intense situations at other stages of life.可知因此他们可能特别
容易接受周围人的思维和行为模式，也许比在其他阶段的不那么激烈的情况下更容易接受，符合文意，故填B。
75. F 总结归纳题，根据上句But maybe not. Other research has shown that, in general, people are affected by how those
around them think.可知其他研究表明，一般来说，人们受到周围人对他们看法的影响。F 项因此，让一个积极思考的
人陪在一个消极，抑郁的人身边可能是一个强大的治疗形式，符合文意，故选F。
4. 【浙江省五校2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you don’t have a travel-friendly DVD player, or you want your vacation to be spent away from the screen — bring
along these games and ideas for young kids.
___11___
Give the kids a map and a highlighter, and have them follow the route you take. If you want to get a little fancier than
a sketch book and colouring pencils, then a laptop coloring desk is a great way for kids to keep occupied and make
postcards to send to friends and family.
Try a game
20 questions: You think of a person or object, and your opponent(s) asks you 20 yes-or-no questions to try to figure
out who or what you’re thinking of.
The memory game: “I’m going to the World’s Fair and in my suitcase I packed…” _____12_____Beginning with A, the
first letter of each new item must start with the next letter of the alphabet.
Back seat bingo: Before you leave, draw up a grid (格子) for each passenger filling each of the squares with a different
sight to cross off. ___13___.
Pack plenty of snacks
Try to vary the snacks between healthy, filling choices and less healthy treats. ___14___. Sweet snacks provide all
important bargaining tools to prevent back seat fights and constant "Are we there yet?".
You could even try to involve the children in making the snacks beforehand, especially if you're baking. Being involved
in the creation will make them even more interested in the snacks during the car journey.
Choose a family friendly audiobook
Pack a selection of audiobooks to entertain the whole family through the journey. If you're on a long trip, opt for
Harry Potter so you'll never run out of story.
___15___
Kids imitate the noises they hear in places such as home, street, farm, or zoo. After 20 minutes of that, you may want
to try the quiet contest — whoever can be the quietest and the longest wins a prize.
If you're very lucky after this game, you could just have some sleeping children on your hands.
A. Avoid loud noise
B. Hold a sound contest
C. But some healthy treats are enough
D. Bring along plenty of writing materials
E. Players take turns adding a new item to the list
F. You could even add the motivation for a prize for the winner
G. Try to pack enough that you can disperse (分散) them throughout the journey
【答案】11. D
12. E
13. F
14. G
15. B
【解析】
本文为说明文。作者介绍了带孩子旅行，为了让孩子们远离屏幕，提供了四种建议。
【名师点睛】七选五题型解题技巧
该题型对学生的考察能力总体从两个方面来考察；第一，把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系。第二把握微观
信息间关联性。（即空格前后句间关系。该题型选项大致可分为：
１．主旨概括句（文章整体内容）２．过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。
正确的解题思路分为两步：
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
(１) 首当其冲看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。
(２) 精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。如第2 小题利用空前后的内容推理出答
案。
(３) 看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。
此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。正确选项的特点：复现，包括同义反复，反义
反复。
比如本大题中的第4 小题中的原词复现，如如try to pach，同义词复现diderse 与prevent。第5 小题中的
contest,noice 与sound 是同义词复现。
(４) 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。
11. Ｄ
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段小标题后的内容“Give the kids a map and a highlighter,”（给孩子
一个地图和荧光笔）和最后一句“make postcards to send to friends and family.”制作明信片。根据这两句可知，是要
写东西及制作明信片，由此可推断出是用于书写的材料writing matetials ,分析七个选项可知是D。
12. Ｅ
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据第二个小标题“try a game”中的第二段中的空前记忆游戏。及本空后
的游戏“Beginning with A, the first letter of each new item must start with the next letter of the alphabe” 从A 开始，每个
新项目的第一个字母必须从字母表的下一个字母开始。也就是从字母A 开始，一个接一个地增加新的项目（new item）
通过分析与E. Players take turns adding a new item to the list（玩家轮流添加一个新的项目的列表）一致，因此选E。
13. Ｆ
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本空前主要讲述另一种游戏“Back seat bingo”，以上的三种游戏结束后，
根据常识可知要判断出谁是获胜者，最好对获胜者进行一点点的小奖励。因此通过对选项的分析可知F 项给获胜者
小激励。故选F 。
14. Ｇ
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据小标题“Pack plenty of snacks”中的下面的一段中要尽量多带些健康
的小零食，少带点不健康的零食。及空的内容：甜点心提供了所有重要的讨价还价工具来防止后座争斗，并不断地
“我们到了吗？也就是说甜点可阻止孩子之间的争斗及不耐烦的问题，也就是分散孩子们把注意力放在这些问题上。
根据对选项的分析，可知G 中有单词复现同词，如try to pach，…同义词复现如diderse 与prevent，而且意思符合。
因此可判断G 符合题意。
15. Ｂ
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本空后的内容：孩子们模仿他们在家里、街上、农场或动物园里听到
的声音。20 分钟后，你可能想尝试安静的比赛谁能最安静和最长的得奖。本段主要是进行有关声音的比赛。通过分
析选项，可知B 选项中有本文中的单词复现，如contest,noice 与sound 是同义词复现。B 项意思为进行一场声音比
赛。故B 符合题意。
5. 【云南省昆明一中2018 届高三第一次摸底】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you’re depressed （抑郁的）, it often feels like nothing in the world can make you feel better. ___16___ . By
treating it like any other physical disease and taking correct actions, you can conquest your depression. Here are simple
steps to help.
★Be active
___17___. You may feel exhausted and unwilling to take part in activities, but it’s been proved that activities fight
depression. Exercising releases some chemicals in your brain, which help lift your mood. Even the activity of just going out
for a walk, or a trip to the gym is an effective method of improving the way you feel.
★___18___
Feeling embarrassed or self-hating over your depression will only increase your symptoms. It also discourages you
from seeking help. It’s important to have sympathy for yourself at those difficult times. ___19___. That is a much more
appropriate attitude. Remember, depression is a very common and highly treatable, disease. It is just a matter of recognizing
you’re feeling bad and finding the treatment that works for you.
★Seek professional help
Talking is a powerful way of beating your depression. If you feel bad, don’t let anyone tell you it’s no big deal or that
you'll just get it over. There is nothing shameful about recognizing you have a problem that you alone cannot solve and
seeking the help of an expert. Asking for help is a brave act. ___20___.
A. Don’t punish yourself for feeling bad
B. Put yourself in a social atmosphere to lift your spirits
C. Be curious, open, accepting and loving toward yourself
D. Depression will drop your energy levels and make you passived highly treatable disorder
F. Speaking to an expert is a healthy, productive and beneficial attempt
G. Anything that makes you laugh can help convince your brain you are happy
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
【答案】16. E
17. D
18. A
19. C
20. F
【解析】说明文。针对抑郁，提供有效的应对措施。
16. 该空前一句“When you’re depressed, it often feels like nothing in the world can make you feel better.”讲抑郁的人极
难有好心情；后一句讲抑郁通过正确治疗和对待可被克服。根据逻辑关系可知，该空应围绕“抑郁”并起到转折的
作用。故选E。
18. 该空为第三段的小标题，应根据段落主旨而得到答案。第三段段落大意为：尴尬和自我厌恶只会加重抑郁的症
状，抑郁者应对自己怀有同情和接纳的态度。故选A。
19. 根据该空后一句“That is a much more appropriate attitude.”可知，前一句应该是对“这一态度”的具体阐述。故选
C。
20. 根据最后一段小标题可知该段主旨为“寻求专业帮助”。该空作为段落的总结句，应该围绕该主题展开。故选
F。
6. 【山西省（康杰中学，忻州一中，长治二中，晋城一中，临汾一中）2018 届高三上学期第二次名校联合考试】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中冇两项为多余选项。
How to Become an Activist (活动家)
Activists are people who see the need for change and devote their time to doing something about it. ___16___ If you
are interested in it you can do so.
___17___ This could be anything from a student club to a national organization (like the American Civil Liberties
Union or the National Organizers Alliance). Most activist organizations offer different levels of involvement, so you can do
whatever you feel most comfortable with, whether that means attending meetings and demonstrations or just donating a little
money when you can.
Volunteer your time. One of the best ways to make a difference is to volunteer your time. Reach out to organizations in
your community that do work for your cause, and ask how you can help.
Donate money or supplies.___18___ If you can’t afford to donate money to an organization that supports yours cause,
you may be able to donate other thing, they need, like clothing or canned food.
Reach out to family and friends. Tell your family and friends about your cause, and invite them to get involved. If they
are interested, share literature about your cause or just talk to them about what you have learned.___19___
Promote your cause on social media. You can use social media to help keep your friends and followers informed about
the causes you support.___20___ Also, you can invite your friends to attend events or donate to fundraisers for your cause.
A. Take classes on issues related to your cause.
B. Join an organization that supports your cause.
C. They are driven by passion and a vision for a better future.
D. If you do volunteer work, invite them to volunteer with you.
E. Most activists or charitable organizations need resources to do their work.
F. Post useful articles and write about what you are doing to stay involved.
G. If you can’t reach out `to them in person, then try connecting to people online.
【答案】16. C
17. B
18. E
19. D
20. F
【解析】本文论述的是：怎样成为一名活动家？
16. C
根据上句：积极分子是看到变革需要的人，并奉献一些时间为它做事情。可知他们是由激情和对美好未来的憧憬驱
动的。Ｃ选项中的ｔｈｅｙ指的就是Activists。故选C。
17. B
根据下文：这可能是从学生俱乐部到国家组织的任何事情。可知此空的意思应该是：你可以加入一个支持你事业的
组织。故选B。
18. E
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
本文段首句：捐钱或物资。再根据空格下句：如果你不能为支持你的组织捐款，你能捐其他所需要的东西，像衣服
或罐头食品。也就是说：大多数活动家或慈善组织需要资源来完成他们的工作。故选Ｅ。
19. D
根据空格上句：如果你的家人和朋友对你做的事情感兴趣，分享关于你事业的文献，或者和他们谈论你所了解到的。
可知：如果你做志愿者工作，邀请他们和你一起做志愿者。故选Ｄ。
20. F
根据上句：你可以使用社交媒体帮助你的朋友和追随者了解你的事业情况。根据下文的ａｌｓｏ，“你可以邀请你的
朋友参加活动或者为你募捐。” 由此可知F. Post useful articles and write about what you are doing to stay involved.（发
表有用的文章，写下你要做什么来参与其中。）符合题意。
【名师点睛】
做七选五练习时，“尤其代词不可放”是说：在填空处的前后语境中出现的一些代词不可忽视。有这样一道题：”They
can be rich resources to improve your knowledge.”我接着就问学生“该选项中凭空多出一个代词they，这说明什么问
题？”学生回答：“代词是起替代作用的，一定是前文出现的事物被they 替代了，找到被替代的名词就可以了。”结
果往文中一找，前面的语境是“Volunteering brings together all kinds of people.”。这下同学们就明白了，原来they 替代
的就是前文的all kinds of people 短语。这样的现象在七选五中是很多见了，能帮助大家解决不少难题。本题第１小
题，根据上句：积极分子是看到变革需要的人，并奉献一些时间为它做事情。可知他们是由激情和对美好未来的憧
憬驱动的。Ｃ选项中的ｔｈｅｙ指的就是Activists。故选C。
7. 【山东省菏泽市七县一中（郓城一中、曹县一中等）2018 届高三上学期期中】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项
中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I have been living in Toulouse for over four months now and I can safely say that my ability to talk to French people
has improved in an unbelievable way. I was told before I came out to France by a man I respected that living abroad would
be the making of me.___16___Here is my four-step guide to living in a foreign country:
1.Integrate(融合) with the culture and the people. It is very easy to go to work and just come straight home but this will
lead to periods of huge boredom and loneliness.___17___Until recently, I did not believe that a friend made on a year
abroad is a friend for life but now I do.
2.___18___I joined a church in Toulouse and as a result I now have a place to go to practice my faith. If you are a
religious person this point could really help you. If you enjoy your exercise, joining a gym is also a good idea.
3.Speak the language. Even if you can’t speak the local language well, at least make efforts to try and
improve.___19___
4.Travel.___20___More importantly, it gives you memories that allow you to tell others of your experiences.
These are four things that allowed me to safely integrate into a totally foreign culture. Trust me, you don’t know how
young and inexperienced you are until you live abroad for the first time.
A. Travelling around the country passes the time
B. I can tell you that his words proved to be true
C. Share with others some of the things you have
D. Get into organizations that help you meet people
E. Good luck to anyone who reads this and goes abroad
F. The best thing to do is to go out and meet people everywhere
G. This helps you become a more fluent speaker and more people will talk to you
【答案】16. B
17. F
18. D
19. G
20. A
【解析】作者针对如何在外国生活这一问题给出了四步指南。
16. 语义理解题。根据I was told before I came out to France by a man I respected that living abroad would be the making
of me.可知选B。（我可以告诉你，他的话被证明是正确的，）
17. 语义理解题。根据Integrate(融合) with the culture and the people. It is very easy to go to work and just come straight
home but this will lead to periods of huge boredom and loneliness. 可知选F。（最好的事情就是外出，遇见不同的人。）
19. 语义理解题。根据Speak the language. Even if you can’t speak the local language well, at least make efforts to try and
improve.可知选G。（这帮助你能成为一个更流利的说话者并且更多人会和你说话。）
20. 语义理解题。Travel.这里提到了旅游，所以选A。（在这个国家到处旅游来打发时间。）
8. 【江西省百所名校2018 届高三第一次联合考试】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all know what it means when a nice envelope lands in your mailbox: Someone’s getting married, and they’re
hoping that you can be there for the big day. While saying yes to the invitation is a relatively straightforward process, things
can get a bit awkward if you’re not so sure about attending. ___16___. To help you get out of these formal engagements
without feeling awkward, we’ve consulted Katie Balmer, a leading wedding expert in Scotland.
Follow the format
The level of formality should be informed by the way that the invitation was sent.___17___, you should decline via
post. If the message came in an email, a simple email expressing your regrets will do.
Don’t put off your response
If you already know that you can’t make it for whatever reason, don’t hesitate to let the happy couple know why. “It is
very important to respond in. good time.___18___,” says Balmer.
___19___
While it’s a nice gesture to offer a reason for your refusal, there’s no need to be extreme. A simple response will do,
and it’s an especially bad idea to emphasize your reason if it’s cost-related. It will establish nothing beyond making the
couple feel bad.
Don’t change your decision
___20___, it is important to stick to that decision. “Going back and forth only adds to the inconvenience for the
soon-to-be newlyweds,” says Balmer. “As long as you are honest and timely, the bride and groom should understand.”
A. Make it up to the couple
B. Be brief in your explanation
C. If the offer was sent to you by mail
D. Do not leave it until the last possible moment
E. Once the decision not to attend the wedding has been decided
F. Otherwise, you risk adding to the couplers last-minute wedding stress
G. Turning down a wedding is a situation where you can feel very personal
【答案】16. G
17. C
18. D
19. B
20. E
【解析】这篇短文介绍如果接到婚礼邀请，如果没有时间要及时拒绝，不要拖延，也不要来回变化。
16. 考查上下文推理能力。根据上一句提到不确定参加的话，事情会变得很尴尬。推知下一句要表达拒绝婚礼会怎
么样。G 项意思是：拒绝婚礼是一种让你觉得很私人的情况。符合语境。故选G.
17. 考查上下文推理能力。根据这一段标题是按照格式来做。设空处后一句也是其中一种假设，推知该处也可以是
一种假设。C 项意思是：如果邮寄给你，你应该通过邮寄来拒绝。放在此处符合语境。故选C.
18. 考查上下文推理能力。根据本段的标题“不要拖延你的回复”，以及本段意思是说如果确定自己无法参加，不要
拖延，尽快地让对方知道。D 项意思是：Balmer 说:“不要把它留到最后一个可能的时刻。”符合本段语境。故选D.
19. 考查上下文推理能力。根据本段中的“ A simple response will do”，可知本段表达自己的解释要简短。B 项意思是：
你的解释要简短。符合语境。故选B.
20. 考查上下文推理能力。根据标题“不要改变决定”，以及下文提到开会反复会给新婚夫妇带来不便。E 项意思是：
一旦决定不参加婚礼，重要的是要坚持这个决定。符合语境。故选E.
9. 【河南省八市2018 届高三上学期第二次测评】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Meet the plant messiah(救世主)
Carlos is on a mission to save the plants.___16___Here is the conversation between Carlos and a journalist.
What started your love of plants?
I grew up in northwest Spain, in a region called Asturias. This is an incredibly biodiverse place, with the largest patch
of primitive forest in Europe, plus populations of wolves and bears!___17___Within 30km, I could go from a lush, green
world to a place of total destruction. I was fascinated by this contrast from an early age.
___18___
I didn’t have any formal qualifications in gardening, but I managed to secure an internship in the Tropical Nursery. I
enrolled on the three-year Kew Diploma in 2003, and over the next few years I began to earn a reputation for saving
endangered tropical plants.
How do you actually go about saving a plant from extinction?
___19___The hard part is often the government. Once you’ve found a plant that’s endangered, you need to convince
the country’s government to let you come and take a cutting, and then you have to get the plant safely back to the UK so
that the science can begin.
What’s next on your list of plant species to save?
There’s this palm on Mauritius that’s known as ‘the loneliest tree on the planet’. The species was once widespread,
but there’s now only one left in the entire world.___20___
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
A. How did you end up working at Kew?
B. What’s been the proudest moment of your career so far?
C. But economically, plants are more important to us than most animals.
D. But it was also becoming one of the most industrialized areas in Spain.
E. We haven’t been able to grow it at Kew so far, but I’m confident we can do it.
F. Sometimes saving a plant is as easy as taking a cutting from it, or collecting some fruits.
G. From his base at Kew Gardens, he travels the world to rescue tropical species from extinction.
【答案】16. G
17. D
18. A
19. F
20. E
【解析】这篇文章是Carlos 与一位记者之间的对话，主要介绍了Carlos 从他的基地英国皇家植物园开始，走遍全世
界去拯救濒临灭绝的热带物种。
16. 语义理解题。根据Carlos is on a mission to save the plants.和Here is the conversation between Carlos and a journalist.
可知这里意思是从他的基地英国皇家植物园开始，他走遍全世界去拯救濒临灭绝的热带物种，选G。
17. 语义理解题。根据Within 30km, I could go from a lush, green world to a place of total destruction. I was fascinated by
this contrast from an early age. 可知这里意思是但是它也是西班牙最工业化的地区之一，选D。
18. 语义理解题。I didn’t have any formal qualifications in gardening, but I managed to secure an internship in the Tropical
Nursery. I enrolled on the three-year Kew Diploma in 2003, and over the next few years I began to earn a reputation for
saving endangered tropical plants. 这一自然段提到了如何结束在英国皇家植物园的工作，选A。
19. 语义理解题。根据The hard part is often the government. Once you’ve found a plant that’s endangered, you need to
convince the country’s government to let you come and take a cutting, and then you have to get the plant safely back to
the UK so that the science can begin. 可知这里意思是有时候，拯救一株植物就像从上面剪一个枝条那么容易，或者是
收集一些果实，选F。
20. 语义理解题。根据There’s this palm on Mauritius that’s known as ‘the loneliest tree on the planet’. The species was
once widespread, but there’s now only one left in the entire world. 可知这里意思是目前我们还不能在英国皇家植物园
种植它，但是我有信心，我们可以做到，选E。
10. 【吉林省百校联盟2018 届高三TOP20 十一月联考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最
佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Parents usually teach their children how to cross the street safety, by looking both ways for cars.___15___ The city of
Honolulu, Hawaii wants everyone to learn that lesson.
___16___Beginning on October 24, you will be fined from ＄15 to ＄99 if you step into a Honolulu street while
looking at your phone. Honolulu is the first major U.S. city to ban what is called “distracted walking”. It recently passed a
law in a seven to two vote. The law says, “No pedestrian shall cross a street or highway while viwing a mobile electronic
device.’ ___17___
The law includes all electronic devices with screens: cellphone, tablets, gaming devices, digital cameras and laptop
computers.___18___ Pedestrians may use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers, such
as firefighters and police officers.
Pedestrian deaths have been increasing as the use of cellphones rises. The Governors Highway Safety Association, or
GHSA, says pedestrian deaths in the United States increased 25 percent 2010 and 2015. That trend continued in 2016 with
the number of pedestrian deaths rising to almost 6000, 11% higher than in 2015.
___19___The state of Washington was the first to outlaw distracted driving back in 2007. Now, 46 other states as well
as D. C. , Puerto Rico, Guam and the U. S. Virgin Islands, have laws against texting while driving.
If you etill want to text while walking, you could avoid being fined in Honolulu by using a voice-controlled digital
assistant such as Siri or Google Assistant. Or you could just wait until you are again, safely, off the street.
A. The law does permit an exception.
B. Other U. S. cities may follow Honolulu
C. But do they also teach them to put away their cellphones?
D. Texting while crossing the street will soon be banned in the city.
E. Do you like Honolulu’s new law that bans texting while walking?
F. In other words, do not look at a screen when you cross the street or you could be fined.
G. The law’s creator hope it will lower the number of people hit and killed by cars in the city.
【答案】15. C
16. D
17. F
18. A
19. B
【解析】本文主要讲述了在夏威夷的檀香山立法来限制人们在步行时分心。
15. C 根据前边Parents usually teach their children how to cross the street safety, by looking both ways for cars 父母通常
会通过两种找寻汽车的方法，教会他们的孩子如何安全穿越马路。后边是转折，C 项但他们是否也教他们放下手机
呢？符合文意，故选C。
16. D 根据后边Beginning on October 24, you will be fined from ＄15 to ＄99 if you step into a Honolulu street while
looking at your phone.10 月24 日开始，如果你在街上看手机会被罚款，D 项过马路时发短信很快就会在城市里被禁
止符合文意，故选D。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
17. F 根据前面It recently passed a law in a seven to two vote.最近，它以7 比2 的票数通过了一项法律，F 项你喜欢在
走路时发短信罚款的新法律吗？符合文意，故选F。
18. A 根据后边Pedestrians may use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers, such as
firefighters and police officers.行人可以在街道上使用这样的设备来呼叫急救服务和救援人员，比如消防员和警察，可
知这是有例外的，A 项符合文意，故选A。
19. B 根据后边The state of Washington was the first to outlaw distracted driving back in 2007.2007 年华盛顿州是第一个
禁止分心驾驶的州，可知美国其他的城市可能会追随檀香山，B 项描述符合文意，故选B。
点睛：做七选五时定位选项很关键。明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构于具体内容，将
选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空
格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成
语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索，使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通
顺。
资料正文内容开始>>
专题12
书面表达
方法与技巧
题型介绍：
书面表达是考查考生用英语表达自己思想的能力，即运用所学的英语知识及合乎英语习惯的表达方式来传递信
息，进行思想交流的能力。这将要求考生根据所给的情景和要求，在限定时间内(一般30 分钟)写出100 个词左右的
书面材料。因此考生要做到：审题正确、要点全面，能够运用所学的语法结构、词汇知识，使上下文连贯，同时语
言要准确、得当，条理清楚，书写规范。所以，具有良好的书面表达能力是非常必要的，它也进一步突出了对考生
创新能力的考查。
命题形式：
一、试題突出了交际性、实用性
书面表达的内容主要取材于校园、家庭生活和一般外事活动，符合高中学生的年龄特点和生活背景，
基本都是考生己经熟悉的或将来有可能经历的事情，情景真实可信。所提出的要求符合考生的实际
英语水平，具有可写性，能够充分展示学生的书面表达能力。
二、全国新课标考查应用文的可能很大，命题形式一般是提纲作文。所以艺体生重点训练提纲式应用
文。
解题技巧：
一、重视语篇衔接，提高思维蝶变
一篇好的Writing，不仅要要点完整，表达规范，还需要有把这些内容有机联系起来的语篇衔接手段，即我们常说
的关联词、连接性副词、以及一些介词和短语。这些往往是好的Writing 出彩的部分。因为这样的衔接才能使句子
之间、段落之间有连贯性和整体性。
有不少的同学认为语篇连接手段是个很高层次的东西，实际上，这些连接手段对于同学们来说并不陌生，常见的语
篇连接手段有：表时间/次序：First，in the first place，second……;
表并列/递进：too，also，as well as，in addition，furthermore；表举例：For example，for instance，表
总结：as a result，in summary，in short，等。
每年高考书面表达的参考范文所使用的连接手段也较为简单，有些考生的书面表达事实上已经超过了参考范文的水
平。只要我们平时注意养成良好的逻辑思维和表达习惯，再掌握一些常用连接词或短语，考场作文就能得心应手。
二、掌握写作技巧，高分书面表达
“书面表达”是考查考生综合运用英语能力的一种题型，根据其一般规律，它要求考生对所给情景和要求写一篇书面
材料，做到所写的内容符合所给的情景和要求，文理通顺。它既象作文，又不完全是作文，因为考生不能离开情景
和要求自行立意、选材，随意发挥。它类似翻译，但又不同于翻译，因为考生必须根据需要进行适当的发挥，因而
有较大的灵活性。所以在做这种题目时，要掌握一个总的原则是“不漏、不错、不多写、不乱写”。具体地则从以下
四个方面去考虑、着手：
1、读题，明确要求，做好必要的准备工作。高考的书面表达，题材较多，有给文字背景材料的，有看图作文的，
还有两者皆而有之的。对于文字背景材料，考生要仔细阅读，看懂题目要求，并对材料进行必要的删减。文字材料
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
中有的是有用信息，有的是无用信息。不进行必要的删减，则会使做出来的书面表达轻者增加了错误的可能性，重
者文不对题，逻辑不清。
2、组织，进行必要的语言准备。读题工作结束后，考生要就提供的信息或画面进行语言上的组织。这一环节非常
重要，对“书面表达”的流畅和符合逻辑是举足轻重。读题的核心工作是作必要的删减，组织的主要工作是作适当的
补充，给框架补“血”补“肉”，使所要写出来的文章意思连贯，语言畅通，逻辑严密。
3、转换，进入实质性的语言加工阶段。要做好这一阶段的工作，关键是掌握这么几条原则，多用简单句，少用复
合句；多用短句，少用长句；讲究简明扼要，摒弃烦琐复杂，意思混浊不清。这一阶段是得分最终高低的关键所在。
因此，除了掌握以上重要的原则外，还应在具体操作中注意选择正确的主语人称和动词的时态，多用贴切的固定短
语，尽量使用自己“拿手”的句子，经常留意句子的语法是否符合要求。从更高要求来说，用英语思维并一气呵成地
完成书面表达是最佳方法，这是上上策。但对于大多数英语水平尚未达到这一步的考生来说，转换过程中进行有效
的控制是非常必要的。只有进行这样的控制，才能有效地控制错误的发生，才能少扣分，多得分。
4、检查，“书面表达”的最后一道工序。最后一道工序意味着一旦稍有疏忽，很难再有弥补，也就无法挽回。因此，
仔细认真地检查对于最终的得分是十分重要的。在检查过程中应注意以下几个方面：
（1）信息点是否完整，有没有遗漏。根据评分标准，漏信息点是要扣大分的（2－3 分）。要细致小心，一一检
查，确保无一遗漏。
（2）语法正确。语法包括两个方面，一是词法，二是句法。词法方面主要检查时态、语态、主谓一致、冠词、
名词单复数和词语搭配等。句法方面主要检查是否使用一些熟悉句型，特别是尽力使用简单句这一原则贯彻得如何。
总之，要做好“书面表达”是一件并非容易的事情，它需要平时的积累，需要考生在平时的英语学习中加强训练，以
求水到渠成之功。当然，考前的归纳和总结也十分重要，因为它往往起着事半功倍的效果。
体验高考
1.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie 学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 内容：学习唐诗；
3. 课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意：1.词数100 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【解析】随着时代的发展，电子邮件越来越受广大中学生的欢迎，所以写电子邮件是中学生经常做的事，这
种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们感到熟悉。考生成文时应注意：1. 要点要齐全：(1)时间和地点；(2)内容：学
习唐诗；(3)课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史；2. 时态：以一般现在时为主；3. 人称：第二人称为主；4. 注意恰当
使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅；5. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。
【参考范文】
Dear Leslie，
I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture.
Now I'll tell you the next learning programme. On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are
interested in in the Lecture Hall. As a foreign learner, it is difficult for you to understand the true meaning and the culture
of them. Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate
the poems.
Be sure to go to the Lecture Hall on time. You cannot miss the wonderful poems.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
2. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry 一起参观中国剪纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．展览时间、地点；
2．展览内容。
注意：1.词数100 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【解析】题目要求写封邮件邀请外教参观中国剪纸艺术展。写作情境设置真实，任务要求符合学生能力水平，
自然地融入了我国优秀传统文化(剪纸paper-cutting)的内容，能够引导学生在使用外语了解世界的同时，注重传承发
扬中华民族优秀文明成果，运用中国元素讲中国故事，增强文化自信。该写作贴近学生生活，学生有话可说。考生
成文时应注意：1. 结构采用三段成文：第一段自我介绍并引出话题；第二段具体交代活动时间、地点；第三段较为
详细地交代展览内容。2. 时态：以一般将来时和一般现在时为主。3. 人称：第一人称。4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，
使文章自然、流畅。5. 适当使用一些高级词汇和句型以提高作文档次。
【参考范文】
Dear Henry，
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
I'm Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class. I know you're interested in one of Chinese traditional art
forms—paper-cutting. So I invite you to attend an exhibition of it.
It'll be held from June 10 to July 10 this year and the opening time is from 9：00 am to 7：00 pm from Monday to
Saturday and the place of the exhibition is at the City Gallery, which is located at 118, Jian Guo Road, Hai Dian District. Shall
we go there together this Friday afternoon? I will meet you at 2：00 pm at the teaching building gate if you like.
You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of which paper-cutting is one of the most popular. In the
exhibition, you will enjoy many special kinds of paper-cuttings. Maybe you can learn one or two skills of the cutting.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Regards,
Li Hua
3．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric 写封邮件邀请他加入，内容包
括：
1．球队活动；
2．报名方式及截止日期。
注意：1.词数100 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【解析】由要点可知，邮件是邀请对方报名参加乒乓球队，所以主体时态为一般将来时和一般现在时。人称
以第三人称为主(介绍乒乓球运动的好处)，一、二人称为辅。在写作时要注意邀请信的交际性，比如：开篇点明写
信目的，最后期待回复。同时还要注意根据提示内容进行合理发挥。
【参考范文】
Dear Eric，
I was informed that our school Ping-pong Team is looking for new members among us students. I know you show
great fancy in ball games, especially ping-pong.
As you know, playing ping-pong can not only build up your body but also shape your character. Additionally, it can
help you make more friends, which is essentially beneficial to you.
Would you like to join? If so, please go to sign up at the Student Union office, which is on the second floor of the
Teaching Building. You can go there any time this Saturday afternoon. If you want me to accompany you, please let me
know. I will be available any time.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
4.[2017·天津卷]
61. 假设你是李津，与你以前的外籍教师Mrs Green 一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况，请根据以下提
示给她回复一封邮件。
1．简要介绍自己的学习和生活；
2．告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者，并介绍为此所做的准备(如深入了解天津等)；
3．希望她有机会重访天津。
注意：1.词数不少于100；
2．可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：第十三届全运会
the 13th National Games
Dear Mrs Green，
I'm so glad to hear from you. _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Jin
【解析】首先，内容要点要全，三个要点都要包含：(1)介绍自己的学习和生活；(2)告诉她你作为第十三届全
运会志愿者所做的准备；(3)希望她重访天津。
其次，要准确并恰当地使用词汇和各种复合句。注意使用定语从句，非谓语动词等表达。在行文过程中要注意
时态的正确运用。
第三，要注意上下文的连贯和语言的得体。注意使用一些表示连接和转折的词。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
最后，要注意一下卷面整洁，书写工整。
One possible version:
Dear Mrs Green,__
I'm so glad to hear from you. In your last letter, you asked me about my study and life. I'm very pleased to tell you that
I have made great progress in my spoken English since you left. As for my life, I take exercise regularly and do more outdoor
activities, which builds up my body and character as well.
I have good news to tell you that I have been chosen to be a volunteer in the coming 13th National Games to be held
in Tianjin at the end of August. To be a qualified volunteer, I made some preparations. I interviewed many people from all
walks of life, which improved and deepened my understanding of Tianjin.
I hope you can revisit Tianjin if you have a chance. Looking forward to seeing you again.
Yours，
Li Jin
5.[2017·浙江卷6 月考]
第一节
应用文写作(满分15 分)
假定你是李华，计划组织一次郊游，请给你的英国朋友Chris 写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 参加者；
2. 时间、地点；
3. 活动：登山、野餐等。
注意：1. 词数80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【解析】本应用文贴近学生实际生活，虽然是命题作文，但还是保持一定的开放程度，形式是邮件，符合当
今人们常见的信息交流方式。考生需要认真谋篇，紧扣提示，准确全面地表达所要求的内容，在合适的地方拓展细
节，使行文连贯。作为邀请信，要求语言得体，邀请的语气诚恳，有礼貌。时态可以用一般现在时和一般将来时。
人称以第一人称为主，第二人称为辅。
【参考范文】
Dear Chris,
How are you doing? I am writing to invite you to a tour to the Green Hill this Saturday. As planned, we will leave by
bus at 7：00 am at the school gate.
About two hours will be spent climbing the mountain. After that we will have a picnic
by the lake at the foot of the mountain.
Up till now, 3 boys and 4 girls have joined the team. I do hope that you could join us because Green Hill is such a fun
place to relax and surely we will have a great time. However, if you don't have spare time for this trip, it is fine. It's just up
to you.
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
模拟新题精选
1. 【安徽省皖南八校2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】假定你是李华，你校将到黄山风景区举行“我爱黄山（Mr.
Huangshan）”主题活动。请你给交换生James 发一封邮件告知活动相关情况。内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.活动安排；
3.注意事项。
注意：1. 词数100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear James,
I’m Li Hua. Our school will have an activity to call on people to love Mt. Huangshan. I’m writing to invite you to take
part in it.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
We are to meet at the school gate at 7 o’clock this Saturday morning and then go to Mt. Huangshan by bus. On
arriving there, we’ll pick up the litter in Mt. Huangshan. A speech about the importance of protecting natural heritage will
also be given.
Since the activity will last to 3 o’clock in the afternoon, you’d better wear comfortable shoes. Besides, everyone is
expected to bring their lunch and share it.
Would you like to join us? Hope to see you then.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本文为一篇应用文中的书信，主要是介绍主题活动的内容。写时要注意书信的格式。本作文中给出的要点
比较具体，故需要准确表达.写作时注意准确运用时态，时态以一般将来时为主。上下文意思要连贯，符合逻辑关系，
尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式
时要赋予变化。
亮点分析，文章第一段点明邮件的原因。第二段首先具体介绍了活动牟时间和地点，接着是活动安排。在活动安排
时，用一个非谓语on arriing there 作状语。最后的注意事项是由since 引导的状语从句完成的：Since the activity will
last to 3 o’clock in the afternoon, you’d better wear comfortable shoes. 在文中交替使用主动语态和被动语态。句式时有
变化，使用了一些复合句，单句和复各交互运用。使用一些较高级的词汇如call on people to do, invite sb to take part in ,
expect to do,would ike to join us 及hope to see 等。也使用一些连词如then. Besides,使文章通顺，有条理。
2. 【辽宁省六校协作体2018 届高三上学期期中】假如你是王华，18 岁生日后，真的有种长大成人的感觉。于是你
想就父母对你的关怀和你今后的打算，以书信形式同爸爸妈妈谈谈。信的开头如下：
Dear Mum and Dad,
How are you doing ? ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Wang Hua
【答案】Dear Mum and Dad,
How are you doing ? I’m writing to you about my gratitude for your having brought me up and my future plan.
Dear Mum and Dad, I am already 18 years old, which shows that I have grown up. Whenever I am thinking of this, I
can’t help feeling grateful to you . It is you who first give me encouragement when I meet with difficulties, especially when
I am not getting along well with my studies. Indeed, your inspiration seems to be a lamp, which offers me light of hope,
courage and confidence. And more importantly, you are always teaching me to be good to others, and try to contribute to
our society.
Dear Mum and Dad, I am now a senior three student , who is facing the competitive national college entrance
examinations, So first of all, I ought to try my best to pass the exams. I am sure that through my great efforts I can and will
be able to realize my beautiful dream of being a key university student. Then, I will strive to be an independent youth. The
social situation I will be facing must be more competitive, so I will develop and prepare myself to be a youth with a strong
sense of cooperation and competition. Believe in me, Mum and Dad, I will make a difference.
Best regards to you .
Yours sincerely,
Wang Hua
【解析】试题分析：试题为应用文中的书信写作，试题只给出写作框架，并未给出所有的具体写作细节，为开放性
写作。写好此文，需注意三点：一是写信格式要准确，信的开头已经给出，但切要写好信的结尾。二是要详略得当，
本文应重点写的是“你想就父母对你的关怀和你今后的打算，以书信形式同爸爸妈妈谈谈＂。三要注意适当地增加细
节，恰当地使用连接过渡词，以使行文连贯。另外，在写作时要注意时态、语态的合理运用。
【亮点说明】
本文是一篇书信，格式正确，结构合理，内容符合要求，文中使用高级句子。I’m writing to you about my gratitude for
your having brought me up and my future plan.句中运用动名词的完成式；Dear Mum and Dad, I am already 18 years old,
which shows that I have grown up.ｗｈｉｃｈ引导非限制性定语从句；Whenever I am thinking of this, I can’t help feeling
grateful to you . Whenever 引导时间状语从据；It is you who first give me encouragement when I meet with difficulties,
especially when I am not getting along well with my studies.使用强调句式；Dear Mum and Dad, I am now a senior three
student , who is facing the competitive national college entrance examinations,ｗｈｉ引导非限制性定语从句。
3. 【北京市房山区2016-2017 学年度高三年级第二学期第一次模拟】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国朋
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
友Jim 要来北京旅游，他写信寻求你对旅游地的建议，请你给他写封回信，内容包括：
（1）景点名称；
（2）参观内容；
（3）推荐理由。
注意：
（1）词数不少于50；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Glad to hear that you are coming. As for the scenery spot, I do think the Badaling Great Wall is a perfect choice, which
is in Yanqing District in Beijing. As is known, the Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world. You can go there by
bus or take a train. While climbing up the Great Wall, you can enjoy breath-taking sceneries and splendid towers. Surely,
you are a true man!
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】这是介绍长城的书信，根据要求可知用第一人称和一般现在时态。内容要包括所给要点。在写作时可以使
用一些好的句型来增加亮点，比如As is said in China, he who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.句中，as
引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句，译为“正如”；定语从句who does not reach the Great Wall 修饰先行词he，he 是
主句的主语。最后一定要进行检查看是否有漏点或拼写错误。
4. 【浙江省五校2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】假定你是李华，最近你发现有学生将共享单车停到了校园内并且
上了私锁。请你就此现象，写一份倡议书发表在校英文报上，倡议同学们文明使用共享单车。
内容提示：1. 共享单车带给人们的便利；
2. 如何正确使用共享单车。
注意: 1. 词数80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：共享单车：shared bikes
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________(此处可以打
草稿)
Li Hua
【答案】My dear fellow students,
Recently I’ve noticed shared bikes, such as Mobike and Ofo, parked in our campus, and even own locks are put on
them. Shared bikes bring people great convenience as they provide an effective solution to the “last mile” problem. Hence,
shared bikes should be left in public for next users. It is morally wrong that we take possession of one for our own selfish
interest. I advocate raising our awareness of using shared bikes reasonably so that everyone can benefit from this service.
Li Hua
【解析】【名师点睛】英语倡议书的写法
倡议书属于应用文的一种，由标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款五部分组成。一般用将来时或一般现在时。题目常会
给出标题、称呼、结尾、落款这四部分，考生只需完成正文即可。这类写作的正文包括倡议的原因和目的、内容以
及呼吁。英语倡议书的写法：
1. 引出倡议原因和目的：提倡开展某项有意义的活动，推行某种行之有效的作法。
2. 列举倡议内容和要求：倡议其实就是提建议，倡议书中所倡导的活动具有其广泛性和推广性。3.结束语。要表示
倡议者的决心和希望
写倡议书时，尽量使用具有感召力的语言，如名人名句，警句，以及对偶，排比等，提高语言的表达效果。
亮点分析;本文一开始用一个长句引出倡导的原因和目的：Recently I’ve noticed shared bikes, such as Mobike and Ofo,
parked in our campus, and even own locks are put on them.以这样的开头，达到开篇点题的作用。
接着用一个由as 引导的原因状语句进一步说明共享单车的原因。Shared bikes bring people great convenience as they
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
provide an effective solution to the “last mile” problem.
在列举倡议的内容和要求时用一个连词Hence 引出一个单句：shared bikes should be left in public for next users.再用
一个主语从句说明这种做法的错误性;It is morally wrong that we take possession of one for our own selfish interest. 其
中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that 从句.
最后总结时表达了自己的决心和希望。I advocate raising our awareness of using shared bikes reasonably so that
everyone can benefit from this service.本句中使用了一个由so that 引导的状语从句。
总之本倡议书内容完整，比较有感召力。单句和复句的交替使用，主动和被动的交替使用，更让文章丰富多彩。
5. 【云南省昆明一中2018 届高三第一次摸底】假如你是中学生李华，在上个月的英语演讲比赛准备过程中，认识
了外教Mr. Smith, 并得到他的帮助。现在你给他写封信表达谢意。要点如下：
1.致谢；
2.获益；
3.其它。
注意：1.词数100 左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
Dear Mr. Smith,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours ,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr Smith,
I’m LiHua, a student from Yu Cai Middle School, whom you helped in my preparation for the English Speech Contest
last month. So I’m writing to express my gratitude.
Your classes are unforgettable, where not only could I learn more knowledge on speech but I had a lot of fun. You
were always listening to my speech carefully no matter how many mistakes I made. Above all, you helped me to correct
these mistakes with patience. But for your kind help, I couldn’t have got the first prize.
What a great influence you had on me. I’m determined to work hard at my study in order to be a useful person who
can make a contribution to our country and society.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本文为提纲式作文，要求写感谢信。感谢信的结构第一段表明写信目的，第二段感谢的原因，第三段自己
的收获。
亮点：
高级词汇：express my gratitude，unforgettable，more。。。than。。。，patience，be determined to do ，make a contribution
to
灵活运用从句：
I’m LiHua, a student from Yu Cai Middle School, whom you helped in my preparation for the English Speech Contest last
month. （定语从句）
Your classes are unforgettable, where not only could I learn more knowledge on speech but I had a lot of fun.（定语从句）
You were always listening to my speech carefully no matter how many mistakes I made. （让步状语）
高级句式加强语气
But for your kind help, I couldn’t have got the first prize. （虚拟语气）
What a great influence you had on me.（感叹句）
6. 【山西省（康杰中学，忻州一中，长治二中，晋城一中，临汾一中）2018 届高三上学期第二次名校联合考试】
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack 对中国的铁路很感兴趣，想乘坐火车旅行。请根据以下要点提示，写一封书信，
介绍中国铁路系统。
1.火车类型：髙铁(HSR)(G)(300 km/h)；
动车(CRH)(D)(200 km/h)；
快车(Express)(T/Z/K)(100 km/h)；
2.火车优点：安全，可以观赏沿途风景，省钱。
注意：
1.词数100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
I’m honoured that you show great interest in our trains.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jack,
I’m honoured that you show great interest in our trains. Now we have three kinds of trains. The traditional one is the
express train, which is slow but cheap, with letter K/T/Z marked on the ticket. Another one is CRH, running at the speed of
200 kilometers per hour, and you can see letter D on the ticket. However, the fastest train is HSR traveling up to 300
kilometers per hour. Their tickets are marked with letter G.
Traveling by train is safe over a long distance. Besides, you can see the beautiful scenery along the railway. It won’t
cost you too much.
Looking forward to your visit to China!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】试题分析：试题为应用文中的书信写作，试题只给出写作框架，并未给出所有的具体写作细节。认真阅读
前面的提示，认清写作要求和提纲之间的关系，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不
同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用，主次分明，详略得当，语言力求准确、
简洁。根据情景的发展，按顺序安排好材料。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【亮点说明】
7. 【山东省菏泽市七县一中（郓城一中、曹县一中等）2018 届高三上学期期中】假定你是李华，你校国际学生中
心（International Student Center）将在本周六举办一年一度的假日派对，请给你的留学生朋友Jack 写一封邀请信。
主要内容包括：
1.排队时间、地点；
2.派对活动内容；
3.期待他的参与。
注意：1.词数100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jack,
I’d like to tell you that the International Student Center in our school will hold an annual holiday party in the school
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
sports center this Saturday, whose theme is “fun”.
There are some activities for students to choose from in this party. Firstly, indoor swimming contests are especially for
swimming lovers just to have fun. Secondly, there will be a student concert where we can really entertain and relax
ourselves. What’s more, an activity for making friends will be arranged to help us communicate across borders and cultures,
happily and freely.
Please join us to enjoy the special fun. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本文属于提纲类作文，要求假定你是李华，你校国际学生中心（International Student Center）将在本周六
举办一年一度的假日派对，请给你的留学生朋友Jack 写一封邀请信。考虑用一般将来时来写。要点：1.排队时间、
地点；2.派对活动内容；3.期待他的参与。这篇文章对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的
能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，
上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，一定要契合给出的开头，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，
同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【亮点说明】本篇书面表达要点全面，结构紧凑，是一篇较好的范文。这篇短文使用了大量的短语，为文章增色不
少，如: have fun 玩得开心，What’s more 另外。还使用了定语从句I’d like to tell you that the International Student Center
in our school will hold an annual holiday party in the school sports center this Saturday, whose theme is “fun”.和定语从
句Secondly, there will be a student concert where we can really entertain and relax ourselves.等多种句式结构，增加了文
章的可读性。
8. 【江西省百所名校2018 届高三第一次联合考试】假定你是李华，外教David 想在你市租房，碰巧你家附近小区
有房子出租。请你用英语给他写一封e-mail，向他介绍租房价格、房屋位置、租期等相关事宜。
注意：
1.词数100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear David,
I heard that you are seeking a house to live in.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear David,
I heard that you are seeking a house to live in. As it happens, there are some vacant houses in my neighborhood. Now,
let me introduce something to you.
The neighborhood is located at No. 156, Lianhua Road. It is convenient to go to school because lots of buses pass
there. As the renting poster says, you should pay 800 yuan each month for one bedroom. In addition, you will rent the
house for one year at least, and the rental should be paid half a year. More importantly, the air here is very fresh and the
surroundings are beyond description. I’m sure that you will be content with it.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】书面表达的解题思路：
1.确定文章的体裁，本题所要求写的书面表达是电子邮件，那么首先就需要知晓邮件的写作特点。
2.确定文章时态的基调，确定文章时态的基调对于整个写作非常重要。它直接决定了不同句子使用的时态正确与否。
本文应该以一般现在时为主。
3. 给文章划分基本段落，仔细阅读题目要求和文字提示，领会要写的文章的主题，确定文章的段落，写出各段的主
题句。本题中的内容要点有：①.写邮件的目的；②.介绍租房价格、房屋位置、租期等相关事宜。这样确定文章的
基本段落分为两段。
4.尝试用高级词汇，使可读性增强。美化句子可以采用复合句和特殊的句型结构，也可以采用形式主语、形式宾语
或简略句来实现。
5.连句成篇，在连句成篇的过程中需要注意过渡句和连接词的使用。
【范文亮点】
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
文中使用了一些连词使文章衔接紧密，如In addition，More importantly 等。
As the renting poster says, you should pay 800 yuan each month for one bedroom.
句意：就像租房海报说的，你每个月要花800 元买一间卧室。
这是一个复合句，句中As the renting poster says 是非限制性定语从句，逗号之后是主句。
9. 【河南省八市2018 届高三上学期第二次测评】假定你是学生会主席李华。最近，一批来自澳大利亚的高中生将
来你校访问。请你写一篇英语发言稿，介绍为他们安排的活动。内容包括：
1.参观校园；
2.观看介绍学校的短片；
3.体验中国的传统节日—重阳节（the Double Ninth Festival）
注意：
1.词数100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Friends,
Welcome to our school.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear friends,
Welcome to our school. I’m Li Hua, president of the Student Council. Now I’d like to tell you something about the
schedule for your visit.
First of all, I will show you around our campus so that you can get a general impression of our school. After that, you’ll
watch a short video that will help you learn more about the history, characteristics, staff and students of our school. What’s
more, you will participate in some activities to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival-one of the Chinese traditional festivals,
which will provide a good opportunity for you to experience Chinese culture. I hope it will be an unforgettable experience
for you.
In a word, I hope you can have a good stay with us and enjoy yourselves.
Thanks.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本文属于提纲类作文，要求假定你是学生会主席李华。最近，一批来自澳大利亚的高中生将来你校访问。
请你写一篇英语发言稿，介绍为他们安排的活动。要注意发言稿的格式和特殊用词。考虑用一般将来时来写。要点：
1.参观校园；2.观看介绍学校的短片；
3.体验中国的传统节日—重阳节（the Double Ninth Festival）。这篇文章对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有
很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注
意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，一定要契合给出的开头，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自
己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
10. 【吉林省百校联盟2018 届高三TOP20 十一月联考】
假设你是李华，请你给英国留学生Leslie 写一封电子邮件，邀请他周末到振兴路，新华邮局对面刚开业的文化中心
去做义工。内容包括：
1.目的和意义；
2.时间和地点；
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
3.义务和责任（打扫卫生，维持秩序等）。
注意：
1.词数100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Leslie,
I’m writing this letter to invite you to the Cultural Center of our city to do voluntary work with us on Sunday, which can
make our spare time colorful and meaningful.
The Cultural Center lies in Zhenxing road, opposite Xinhua post office. Since it’s newly opened, lots of people are
needed to offer help. Meanwhile, it’s a good chance for you to get exposed to the Chinese culture. We’re expected to help
do some cleaning and keep order. We can also hand out flyers, providing visitors with more detailed information to make
their visits more enjoyable. Not only can wen help those who need our help, but also we can enrich our life.
Ido hope you can join us.It will be of great benefit to you.Your early reply is highly appreciated.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】这是一封电子邮件，假设你是李华，请你给英国留学生Leslie 写一封电子邮件，在邮件里要写明时间周末，
具体的内容邀请他到振兴路，新华邮局对面刚开业的文化中心去做义工。同时还要点明活动的目的和意义。整篇邮
件可以使用现在时态，第一人称。在写作时还要注意使用高级词汇和句型来提升文章档次。
亮点句子：
I’m writing this letter to invite you to the Cultural Center of our city to do voluntary work with us on Sunday, which can
make our spare time colorful and meaningful.这个句子中使用了which 引导的非限制性定语从句。
Not only can wen help those who need our help, but also we can enrich our life.这个句子中使用了连词not only… but
also…来连接两个并列分句
。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】