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Review of Units 5-6
词句精讲精练
责编:郭素清 
词汇精讲
1. talk
talk 意为“谈话”,当talk 作此意讲时,不强调内容,一般指说的动作,其后常接介词to 和
with,表示“与……谈话”;接介词about 时表示“谈论……”。例如:
Jimmy and Bill often talk about computer games. 
吉米和比尔经常谈论电脑游戏。
Mary is talking with Mr. Green in English. 
玛丽正在用英语和格林先生交谈。
【拓展】
辨析:speak、say 和tell
(1)speak 一词强调说话的能力、对象和方式。用作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词作宾语;用
作不及物动词时,后接介词to,表示“与……讲话”,一般用于打电话用语中或较正式的情况
下。例如:
They can speak Chinese.  他们会说中文。
May I speak to Mr. Black?  请问,我能和布莱克先生讲话吗?
(2)say 用作及物动词,强调说的内容。若指“对某人说”用say to sb.来表示。例如:
Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说它吗?
(3)tell 经常作及物动词,意为“讲述,告诉”,后常接双宾语,侧重把一件事情传达给别人。常用
结构是tell sb. to do sth. 意为“告诉某人做某事”,其否定形式为tell sb. not to do sth.,意
为“告诉某人不要做某事”,tell sb. about sth. 意为“告诉某人关于某事”。例如:
My mother tells me to get up early.  我妈妈告诉我早点起床。
2. make
make 作使役动词,后接省略to 的动词不定式,即:make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”,
类似的动词还有let,have 等。例如:
The boss made them work for long time. 
老板让他们长时间工作。
They made us forget the past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。
【拓展】
make 作使役动词,意为“使……;让……”,常构成make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词(作
宾补),即make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。例如:
What he said makes us happy.  他所说的话使我们很高兴。
We made John our monitor.  我们选约翰当班长。
3. a few
few 为形容词,意为“不多,很少”,只能与可数名词搭配,表示“几乎没有”,自身有否定含
义。也常与不定冠词a 组成词组a few,表示“有一点”,有肯定含义。例如:
He has few friends.   他几乎没朋友。
May I ask a few questions?  我可以问几个问题吗?
【拓展】
辨析:few/a few; little/a little
(1)few/a few 只能用来修饰可数名词,few 表示否定,意为“没有,几乎没有”;a few 表示肯
定,意为“有几个,有一些”。例如:
He has few friends here, so he feels lonely. 
他这里没朋友,所以他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket.  篮子里有几个鸡蛋。  
(2)little/a little 只能用来修饰不可数名词,little 表示否定,意为“没有,几乎没有”;a little 
表示肯定,意为“有一点,有一些”。例如:
There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink?  
我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?
4. must
(1)must 作情态动词, 表示“必须”。可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,用于否定句时,
mustn’t 的意为“一定不要,不能”,而不表示“不必”。例如:
 
Must I finish the work tonight?    我必须今晚完成这项工作吗? 
You must study hard. 你必须努力学习。
We mustn’t leave her by herself. 我们一定不要把她单独留下。
(2)对于must 开头的一般疑问句,若作否定回答,可以用needn’t,不用 mustn’t。例如:
 
—Must I clean all the rooms?  这些房间我都得清扫吗?
    —No, you needn’t.  不必了。
5. borrow
borrow 作动词,意为“借,借入,借用”。例如:
May I borrow your bike?  我可以借你的自行车吗?
You can borrow the book from the library.  你可以从图书馆借这本书。
【拓展】
    borrow 和lend 的辨析:
(1) borrow 是“借进”,即说话人向别人借东西供自己用,常用于borrow sth. from sb. / 
somewhere 结构,意为“从某人/某地借来某物”。例如:
He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他从银行借了很多钱。
(2) lend 是“借出”,即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用,常用于lend sth. to sb. 或lend sb. 
sth.结构中,意为“借给某人某物”。例如:
I don’t like to lend my TV set to Tom.  我不想把电视机借给Tom。
6. sleep
     sleep 作动词,意为“睡觉”,强调持续的动作。sleep 的过去式为slept。例如:
You should sleep eight hours a day.  一天你应该睡八小时。
     I slept late this morning, so I was late for school. 今天早上睡过了头,所以我迟到了。
【拓展】
      (1) sleep 还可以作名词,意为“睡眠”。例如:
      How many hours’ sleep do you need? 你需要多少小时的睡眠?
      fall into a deep sleep 酣然入睡    
      go to sleep 入睡,睡着
      (2) sleeping 作形容词,意为“睡着的;熟睡的”,通常作定语。例如:
      There is a sleeping baby in the bed. 床上有一个睡着的婴儿。
      (3) sleepy 作形容词,意为“困倦的”,通常作定语和表语。例如:
      I feel sleepy after a long walk. 经过长时间的散步后,我感觉很困倦。
7. cost
       cost 是动词,意为“花费”。它的主语一般是事物,其后接表示金钱的名词作宾语。例如:
   The coat costs me 200 yuan. 那件外套花了我200 元。
【拓展】表示“花费”的spend、take、cost 和pay 的辨析:
词语
主语
结构
spend
人(sb.)
sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) 
doing sth. /on sth.
take
it 作形式主语
It takes sb. some time to   do
  
sth.(
 
 真正主语
 
 ) 
pay
人(sb.)
sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth.
cost
sth.(物)
sth. costs sb. + 金钱
例如:
    I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。
    It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。
    I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。
    My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。
8. miss
  miss 为动词,意为“想念,思念”。例如:
  I’ll miss you when you go to Canada. 你到了加拿大以后,我一定会想你。
   【拓展】
(1) miss 作动词还有“未击中,未抓住”的意思。例如:
   I tried to hit the ball but I missed. 我努力地想击中球,但却未成功。
(2) miss 还可意为“未赶上,错过”,是动词。例如:
   I missed the football match on TV last night. 我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。
(3) miss 与like; mind; finish; enjoy; practice; be busy; stop; can’t help; give up 等词一样后
接动词的-ing 形式。例如:
   I don’t want to miss seeing that film on television tonight.
我不想错过今晚在电视上看那部影片的机会。
9. both
    (1) 代词,意为“两者,双方,两人”。例如:
    Both of the flowers are very beautiful. = The flowers are both very beautiful. 
这两朵花都很漂亮。
(2) 形容词,意为“两者的,双方的”。例如:
   She wants both dictionaries. 这两本字典她都想要。
   Both the answers are wrong. 这两个答案都是错的。
(3) 副词,意为“两者,两者都是”,常用于行为动词之前,be 动词、助动词、情态动词后。例
如:
   They can both dance. 他们俩都会跳舞。
(4) both…and 意为“……和……都,既……又……”,用于连接两个并列成分,连接并列主语
时,谓语动词应该用复数形式。例如:
   Both you and your sister like it very much. 你和你姐姐都非常喜欢它。
【拓展】
   (1) 当both 用于否定句时,表示“并非两者都……”。例如:
     I don’t like both the sweaters. 这两件毛衣,我并不都喜欢。
   (2) both…and…的否定形式为neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”。例如:
     He can speak neither French nor English. 他既不会法语也不会英语。
10. once
(1)once 用作副词,意为“一次”。两次是“twice”,三次是“three times”,四次是“four 
times”。 多余两次都可用times 表示。例如:
 
The old professor comes to see us once a week.  那个老教授一周来看我们一次。 
—How often does he come here?  他(每隔)多久来一次?
—Three times a month.  每月三次。
(2)once 用作副词时,意为“曾经;一度;从前”。它是一个不确定的时间副词,其位置一般
是在行为动词之前,系动词之后。例如: 
Once he lived in America, but now he lives in England.
他曾经生活在美国,但现在他生活在英国。
 
【注意】
once 用作副词时,在句中的位置不同表示的意思也不同。例如:
I once went to Shanghai. 我曾经去过上海。 
I went to Shanghai once. 我去过上海一次。 
(3)once 构成的一些短语的用法: 
    1)at once 表示“立刻;马上”。 例如:
   Finish the task at once. 请立刻完成任务。 
    2)once again 表示“再一次;又一次”,相当于once more。
   Read the passage once more. 把课文再读一遍。
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1. 快点,加油           
6. on the second floor 
2. 步行           
7. in front of 
3. 去上学                
8. model plane(s) 
4. 多久一次              
9. talk about 
5. 平日,工作日             10. family photo 
II. 根据句意及首字母提示写出所缺单词。
1. Look! There is a big b_______ over the river.
2. — How far is it from your home to school?
  — It’s about five hundred m_________.
3. Go a______ Zhong Hua Road until you see a hospital. The bank is next to it.
4. If you get up late, you’ll m_______ the early bus.
5. You must be c_______ when you want to go across the bridge.
6.—Which s_______ do you like best?
—English. 
7. There are a f______ students in the classroom, and I find Tom. 
8. I often b_______ books from the library. 
9. It is i_______ to fly kites in spring. 
10. Xiao Hong is the best student in her class. She always works h_____.  
III. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. She seldom            (watch) TV on weekdays. 
2. He always            (go) to bed before 10 p.m..
3. The school life of American students            (be) different from ours.
4. I’m            (look) for my pen everywhere, but can’t find it.
5. My classmates are            (friend) to me.
6. My cousin is            (play) with his pet dog.
7. There            (be) many flowers in the garden.
8. I don’t            
 
 ( hear) from my friends for a long time.
9. I can hear you               (play) the piano. It’s beautiful. But it’s too loud.
10. Many people                                      (lose one’s life) in traffic 
accidents last year.
IV.听力链接。
(2015 浙江嘉兴中考)
1.What sport does Johnny like?
    A.Basketball.    B.Football.    C.Volleyball.
2.Which bus goes to the museum?
   A.The No.10 bus.    B.The No.15 bus.    C.The No.20 bus.
3.What is the man probably planning to do?
    A.To eat less.    B.To do exercise.    C.To see the doctor.
4.How did the man tell his uncle their new address?
    A.By phone.    B.By letter.    C.By e-mail.
5.What is the man’s job?
A.A teacher.    B.A doctor.    C.A reporter.
【参考答案】
I. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成下列句子。
1. come on  2. on foot 3. go to school 4. how often 5. on weekdays
6. 在第二层 7. 在……前面 8. 飞机模型 9. 谈论 10. 全家福
II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空(每空不限一词)。
1. bridge 2. meters  3. along  4. miss  5. careful
6. subject  7. few  8.borrow  9.interesting  10. hard
III. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)。
1. watches  2. goes  3. is  4. looking  5. friendly
6. playing  7. are/were  8. hear  9. playing  10. lost their lives
IV. 听力链接。
听下面5 段小对话,每段对话后有一个小题。请从A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对
话仅读一遍。
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A
1.W:Do you like basketball,Johnny?
   M:Yes,I’m on the school team.
2.W:Excuse me,does this bus go to the museum?
   M:Sorry.The No. 15 bus goes there.
3.W:Dad,you are getting fat.You must do exercise every day.
   M:Yes,Dear.The doctor also says I should do that.
4.W:Tom,did you tell your uncle our new address?
   M:Yeah,I sent him an e-mail yesterday.
5.W:Michael,are you still working for the newspaper?
   M:No.I’m teaching in a college now.
句式精讲
1. What about yours?
(1)“What about…= How about…”意为“……怎么样”,用来征求别人的意见,了解情况
或提出建议。其后可以接名词或者是代词,接代词时要用宾格。例如:
What about the book? 那本书怎么样?
I like this car, what about you? 我喜欢这辆汽车,你呢?
(2)What about 后接动词时,一定要用动词的-ing 形式,例如:
What about going shopping? 去购物怎么样?
What about drinking a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样?
2. What do you think of it?
   (1) What do/does sb. think of…? 这是询问某人对某事(人)的看法常用的句型,意为“……
认为……怎么样?”,答语往往是对某物(人)的评价。例如:
—What do you think of the book written by him?
你认为他写的那本书怎么样?
—It is very good. 很好。
(2) What do you think of…?可以和How do you like…?互换。例如:
   What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film? 
你认为这部电影怎么样?
3. Oh, It’s time for class.
It’s time for 后接名词或动词-ing 形式,意为“该到做某事的时间了”; It’s time to+动词原形,
也表示“该到做某事的时间了”。例如:
It is time to leave. = It is time for leaving. 该是离开的时候了。
It’s time for school. 该上学了。
【注意】
It’s time to…中间也可以加上for sb., 表示“该到某人做某事的时间了”。 例如:
It is time for us to go to bed. 该是我们睡觉的时候了。
4. Why not go upstairs and have a look?
  “Why not + 动词原形 + 其他?”相当于“Why don’t you + 动词原形 + 其他?”并不表示
疑  问,而是作建议、询问。例如:
  — Why not play football with us? 为什么不和我们去踢足球呢?
  — That sounds like a good idea. 这是个好主意。
【拓展】
(1) Why not?意为“为什么不”,询问被否定的原因。例如:
   — You can’t go there alone. 你不能单独去那里。
   — Why not? 为什么不呢?
(2) why not 用在口语中表示赞同,意为“当然,好啊”。例如:
     — Let’s go to the movies. 我们看电影吧。
     — Why not? 好啊!
5. Now I’m helping my father clean the study.
     help 是及物动词,意为“帮助,帮忙”。help sb. do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。此句型也可
以说成:help sb. to do sth.。例如:
He helps me to learn English.= He helps me learn English. 他帮助我学习英语。
【拓展】
   (1) help sb. with sth.在某事上帮助某人  例如:
My maths teacher helps me with my maths. 我的数学老师在数学上帮助我。
   (2) help 也可以作名词,作名词时常用于下列短语:
with one’s help= with the help of  在……的帮助下  例如:
  With Mary’s help, I made rapid progress in English learning. = 
With the help of Mary, I made rapid progress in English learning. 
在Mary 的帮助下,我在英语学习方面进步很快。
6. It’s good to help children and old people cross the street.
    It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”,to do sth.为句子的真正的主语,而it 为形
式主语,形式主语不能用别的词来代替,句中可在形容词后加for sb.,意为“对于某人来说,做
某事是……的”。例如:
    It’s important for us to learn a foreign language. 
对我们来说,学习一门外语是相当重要的。
    It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 
对我们来说,多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。
【拓展】
    这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别:
    (1) 在It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中,for sb.意为“对某人来说”,句中的形容词是用来说明to 
do sth.的,形式主语只能用it。例如:
     It’s necessary for the students to do some housework. 
对于学生们来说,做些家务是十分必要的。
     (2) 在It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人……”,句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构
成系表结构,即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.(某人)的。例如:
      It’s very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。
句式精练
I. 按要求完成句子。
1. Mary does her homework in the evening . (改为一般疑问句)
    ________ Mary ________ her homework in the evening?
2. The girls like art because it’s interesting.(对划线部分提问) 
________ ________ the girls like art?
3. Her friend has geography on Friday. (对划线部分提问)
    _________ _________ her friend have geography?
4. My favorite sport is football. (同义句改写)
I ________playing football _______.
5. I can watch TV once a week. (对划线部分提问)
    _______ ________ can you watch TV a week?
6. There are some teachers in the teachers’ room.(改否定句)
    There                    teachers in the teachers’ room.
  7. Put it on the shelf. (改为否定句)
                       it on the shelf.
8. —What time is it? (改同义句)
    —It’s 9:45. 
    —What time is it?
    —It’s a                    10.
  9. Why don’t you go there by bus? (改同义句)
    Why                   there by bus?
  10. Kangkang wants to rent a house with furniture. (就划线部分提问)
                                  house does Kangkang want to rent?
II. 根据汉语提示,完成句子。
1.我不喜欢历史,但我喜欢地理。
I __________ _________history, but I like _________.
2. 你用这个房间做什么?
___________ do you use that room __________?
3. 桌上有许多书。
There are __________ ____________ _________ books ________ the desk.
4.他正在长城上拍照片。
He’s _______ ________on the Great Wall.
5.我们能互相帮助。
We can help_______ _______.
6. 你的卧室在哪里? 在二楼。
  ___________ ___________ your bedroom?   It’s ________ __________ ___________ floor.
7. 书房在我的卧室隔壁。
  The study is ___________ ____________ my bedroom.
8. 让我们看一会儿电视。
    Let’s watch TV ___________ ____________ ___________.
9. 她能用英语和老师谈话。
She can _______ ______ her teacher in English.
10. 我们想了解美国学生的校园生活。
We’d _______ _______ _______about the school life of American students.
III. 补全对话。
从方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话(有两个多余选项)。
A:Hi, Wang Li! What time do you usually get up on weekdays?
B:I always get up at about six o’clock.
A:  
  1  
   How do you usually go to school?
B:  
  2  
   But sometimes I go to school by bus.
A:By the way, where does your mother work?
B:She works in a factory. She makes shoes.
A:  
  3  
  
B:She usually goes to work by subway.
A:Where does she have lunch?
B:  
  4  
   It takes her too much time to come back home for lunch.
A:Oh, it’s time for class.   5  
B:Let’s go.
IV.从下面方框中选择适当的单词填入短文空格内(每词限用一次)。
A. The early bird catches the worm.
B. How does she usually go to work?
C. By bike.
D. How often does she go to work?
E. She has lunch in the factory.
F. What about you?
G. Come on!
(2015 成都金堂县 期中)
three, eat, homework, work, at, they, bus, get, after, bed, 
shop
Tom and his sister Amy are students. Tom takes a    1    to school every day, and Amy 
does too. Some of    2    friends walk to school. Tom and Amy    3    home at four o’clock in the 
afternoon. They do their    4    before dinner, and they play computer games    5      
 
 dinner. 
They usually go to    
  6     
 
 early in the evening. Tom and Amy have    
 
 7     meals(餐,
饭) a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. They have breakfast    
 
 8     
 
 home. On school 
days, they have lunch at school.
They usually    9    dinner at home. Their father comes home from    10   at six and
their mother cooks dinner at seven.
【参考答案】
I. 按要求完成句子。
1. Does,do    2. Why do    3. When does   4. like, best   5. How often
6. aren’t any    7. Don’t put  8. quarter to      9. not go      10.What kind of
II. 根据汉语提示,完成句子。
1. don’t like,geography    2. What, for   3. a lot of, on   4. taking photos   5. each other
6. Where is, on the second   7. next to   8. for a while/ moment   9. talk to/talk with
10. like to know/learn
III. 补全对话。
1-5 ACBEG
IV.从下面方框中选择适当的单词并用其正确形式填入短文空格内(每词限用一次)。
1. bus    2. their     3. get      4. homework    5. after
6. bed    7. three     8. at      9. eat          10. work