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五年(2019-2023)年高考英语真题分项汇编
专题04 动词和动词短语 (解析版)
〖2023 年高考真题〗
1.(2023 新高考II 卷)As a little girl, I 45 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
答案:wished。
解析:考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,
本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish 作本句谓语,和主语I 之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew 可知用一般过去
时。故填wished。
2.(2023 全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still
70
(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
答案:be employed。
解析:考查语态。句意:卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式,已经代代相传,今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对
重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form 与employ 之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。情态动词
can 后接动词原形。故填be employed。
3.(2023 全国乙卷).Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-
existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
答案:was amazed。
解析:考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10 年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一
个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city was
able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I 和动词
amaze 之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
4.(2023 全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past
while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I
could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
答案:means。
解析:考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总
是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50 年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,
本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“ development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填
means。
5.(2023 全国乙卷)The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman whose hair color
looked just perfect.
答案:choose 改为chose。
解析:考查时态。句意:她选的颜色装在一个盒子里,盒子里有一张女人的照片,她的头发颜色看起来非
常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词,由上文Last Friday 可知,应用一般过去时。故choose 改为chose。
6.(2023 全国乙卷)She put the new color on her hair or sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions saying.
答案:saying 改为said。
解析:考查动词时态。句意:她把头发染成新的颜色,静静地坐了30 分钟,就像说明书上说的那样。as
引导方式状语从句,由语境可知,句子陈述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故saying 改为said。
7.(2023 浙江1 月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric(同心
的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the
center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often
(feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
答案:were permitted; featured。
解析:考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。这些高级官员和
有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格
处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes 构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一
般过去时。故填were permitted。空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去
时。故填featured。
〖2022 年高考真题〗
1. (2022 天津卷) If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later.
A. highlight
B. identify
C. ignore
D. prevent
答案:C
解析:考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们继续忽视环境问题,我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight 突出;强
调;B. identify 辨认;识别;C. ignore 忽视;D. prevent 阻止。由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔,
而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C 项。
2. (2022 天津卷) Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A. distribute
B. distributed
C. are distributed
D. were distributed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:上周日飓风过后,食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句
子成分可知,Food and medical supplies 作主语,为复数,与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系,故需要用
被动语态be distributed;根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知,句子需要用一般过去时态,故be 动词要用
were。故选D 项。
3. (2022 天津卷) Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare
B. prepares
C. is preparing
D. are preparing
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语
together with/along with/as well as, etc 连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名
词或代词决定,句子主语为Critical reasoning,谓语动词应用单数形式,此处为客观陈述,应用一般现在
时。故选B 项。
〖2021 年高考真题〗
1.(2021 天津卷) I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.
A. made up for
B. run out of
C. kept away from
D. got down to
答案:B
解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:我想包饺子,但发现我的面粉用完了,所以我出去买了一些。A. made
up for 弥补;B. run out of 用完,用尽;C. kept away from 远离,回避;D. got down to 开始认真做。结合
句意,此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。
2.(2021 天津卷) Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the
same for nearly 40 years.
A. stayed
B. turned
C. grown
D. got
答案:A
解析:考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意:虽然有一些人来了又走了,但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店
近40 年了。A.stayed 保持;B.turned 变成(某种颜色);C.grown 变得;D.got 变成。根据“ the
restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知,这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家
店近40 年了。stay“保持”,表示老顾客保持40 年不变。故选A 项。
3 .(2021 天津卷)Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious
relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A.judge
B.differ
C.withdraw
D.benefit
答案:C
解析:考查动词词义辨析。句意:亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,在平静的生活中寻求与自
然的和谐关系。A. judge 判断;B. differ 不同;C. withdraw 抽身,撤退;D. benefit 有益于。根据后文
“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau 在平
静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系,所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,withdraw from“离开”。故选
C。
4.(2022 全国甲卷)Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a few choose to deal with the
problems on our own.
答案:删除turn 后的out。
解析:句意:一些说他们会向他们的父母或老师求助。固定短语turn to sb. for help,意为“向某人求助”,
所以此处删除介词out。故删除turn 后的out。
〖2020 年高考真题〗
1.(2020·江苏卷)There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify
B. justify
C. satisfy
D. classify
答案:D
解析:考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类,仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify
澄清;B. justify 证明;C. satisfy 满足;D. classify 分类。根据空后garbage 可知,此处指“对垃圾进行分
类”。故选D。
2.(2020·江苏卷)The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for
B. accounting for
C. calling for
D. compensating for
答案:A
解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G 的速度将超过125 GB/s,使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A.
allowing for 使……成为可能,促进……的发生;B. accounting for 解释;C. calling for 需要,要求;呼吁;
D. compensating for 补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s 可知,125 GB/s 的6G 速度将使
得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
3.(2020·天津卷)I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A.drank a toast to
B.played a joke on
C.kept an eye on
D.made an apology to
答案:C
解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子,因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast
to 为……干杯;B. played a joke on 开……的玩笑;C. kept an eye on 照看,留意,密切注视;D. made an
apology to 向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子,所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C 选项
符合语境,故选C。
4.(2020·天津卷)We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A.understood
B.accepted
C.compromised
D.declined
答案:D
解析:考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon 回家,但她拒绝了,说她想步行回去。A. understood
理解;B. accepted 接受;C. compromised 妥协;D. declined 谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”
可知,Sharon 想自己回家,所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
5.(2020·天津卷)We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A.take up
B.carry out
C.keep on
D.put off
答案:D
解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take
up 占据;B. carry out 实施;C. keep on 继续;D. put off 推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知,
我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以,我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故
选D。
6.(2020 全国III 卷)In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.
答案:surely 改成sure。
解析:make sure 确保,该短语是固定短语,所以surely 改成sure。
〖2019 年高考真题〗
1.(2019·江苏卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and
creativity.
A. resembling
B. reflecting
C. reviewing
D. restoring
答案:B
解析:考查动词辨析。句意:城市是人类的双手和思想的产物,反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling 像;
reflecting 反映;reviewing 回顾;restoring 恢复,根据题意,故选B。
2.(2019·天津卷)Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was
saying.
A. set aside
B. take back
C. make out
D. keep off
答案:C
解析:考查动词词组辨析。句意: 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音,但她听不清他在说什么。set
aside“存储,留出”; take back“收回,拿回”;make out“辨认出,理解,了解”; keep off“(使)避
开”。故选C。
3.(2018·天津)It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display
B. acquire
C. teach
D. test
答案:B
解析:考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。
A display 显示;B. acquire 获得;C. teach 教;D. test 测试。故选B。
4.(2018·天津)At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was
so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in
B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned up
答案:A
解析:考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:起初,罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水,但最终他让步了,
因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in 屈服,让步;B. dressed up 打扮;C. broke in 闯入;打断;
D. turned up 出现。根据转折词but 及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知,最终他让步了。
故选A。
5 .(2018· 江苏)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear
road map and timetable.
A. calls for
B. calls on C. calls off D. calls up
答案:A
解析:考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系
统工程。A. calls for 需要;B. calls on 号召;C. calls off 取消;D. calls up 使想起。故选A。
6.(2018·江苏)Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A. indicate
B. investigate C. imitate D. innovate
答案:C
解析:考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:孩子不应该接触暴力电影,因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的
事情。A. indicate 指示;B. investigate 调查;C. imitate 模仿;D. innovate 改革。故选C。
7.(2017·天津卷)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down
B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
答案:A
解析:句意:布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来,结婚生子。A. 安顿下来;B. 远离;C.起床;
D. 插嘴。根据句意,故选A。
8.(2017·江苏卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year
ahead.
A. shape
B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen
答案:A
解析:考查动词的辨析。A. shape 塑造,决定……的形成,影响……的发展;B. switch 转变,交换,
调班;C. stretch 拉长,拉紧,伸展,伸长,延伸消耗;D. sharpen 提高,使尖锐,变得清晰。句意:快速
回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
9.(2017· 江苏)Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out
B. brought out
C. picked out
D. given out
答案:B
解析:考查动词短语辨析。held out 坚持;提供机会;伸出手;B. brought out 使显现,阐明,出版;
C.picked out 使容易看见,找出精心挑选,认出来;D. given out 用完,停止运行,分发,发出,公布。句
意:在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意,故选B。
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