初中英语语法------主从复合句专题

中考考点

考查频率

新课标要求

宾语从句

★★★★★

掌握宾语从句连接词、语序、时态的正确运用。

定语从句

★★★★★

理解定语从句“先行词+关系词”的结构；掌握关系代词的用法；能区分that与which的特殊场景，正确运用定语从句。

状语从句

★★★★★

掌握时间、条件、原因、结果、让步等类型状语从句；理解“主将从现” 等时态规则，正确运用状语从句。

复合句是中考英语的核心语法考点，整体在中考英语中占分比重约为10%-15%，其考查范围与深度因地区和试卷结构有所不同。从题型来看，单项选择常考查三大从句（宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句）的引导词选择、语序和时态；完形填空侧重于在连贯的语境中判断逻辑关系并选择正确的从句引导词；阅读理解中理解含有复杂从句的长难句是解题的关键；语法填空和句型转换题可能直接要求填入正确的引导词或合并句子；而在书面表达中，能否准确、恰当地运用各类从句是衡量作文水平，获取高分的重要标准。

宾语

从句

语序

从句一律用陈述语序

时态

主句“现在时”，从句“随便选”

客观真理一律用一般现在时

主句“过去时”，从句也用“过去的某种时态”

连接词

that

if/whether

特殊疑问词

主句时态

宾语从句时态

例句

现在时或将来时

可用各种合适的时态

I wantto know what time he got upthis morning.

过去时

从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动作同时发生

I only knewhe was studyingin a western country, but I didn’t know what country he was in.

从句用过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前

He toldme that he had toldMary about the meeting already.

从句用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后

The reporter askedif the government would takenecessary measures to put down the to-do.

任意时态

如果从句表示客观真理、自然现象或者谚语时，宾语从句要用一般现在时

The teacher saidthat the moon goes aroundthe earth yesterday.

连接词

用法

例句

that

that只起引导词作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，且通常可以省略

He said (that)he was good at.

We think (that)he will help us.

if/whether 

if 和 whether 不充当句子成分，但有词义，表示“是否”

I don’t know if /whetherhe will come.

I wonder whether/ifit is true. 

连接代词

常见的连接代词有what, who, whom, which, whose等。

She asked whowould like to go. 

Tell me whosewallet this is.

I don’t know what I should do next.

连接副词

常见的连接副词有when, how, where, why等。

He knows where they live.

I can’t tell you whyshe is crying. 

He didn’t say whenhe would return. 

在构成whether or not结构时，只用whether

I don’t know whetheror nothe will come.

在介词之后的宾语从句

I depends onwhetherit will be fine.

在带to的不定式前

We should decide whether to walkthere.

含有宾语从句的复合句同时又包含if引导的条件句时

He asked me whetherI’d move to New York if I got the job.

定

语

从

句

概念

基本概念

复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句

三要素

先行词

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词

关系词

引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词

定语从句

引导词/

关系词

关系代词

指“人”

用that或who、whom

指“物”

用that或which

作定语

用whose

关系副词

表时间

用when 

表地点

用where

表原因

用why

三个作用

引导定语从句

代替先行词

在定语从句中担当一个成分

关系代词

先行词

句中成分

例句

who

人

主语，宾语(作宾语时可省略)

A teacher is a person who/thatpasses knowledge to students.

He is the man(who/ whom/ that)I saw yesterday.

whom

人

宾语(可省略)

The woman (whom)you met in the street is Kate.

whose

人或物

定语

Please pass me the book whose cover is green.

The man whoseson is a doctor is our professor.

which

物

主语，宾语 (作宾语时可省略)

This is the room in whichhe lived last year.

Football is a game which/thatis liked by most boys.

that

人或物

主语，宾语，表语 (作宾语时可省略)

Is there anything (that)I can do for you?

用法

例句

先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

This is the most beautifulmountain that I have seen.

先行词被序数词修饰时

The firstEnglish novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.

先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修饰词时

Here are allthe books that I have.

This is the onlybook that I like.

先行词是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代词时

Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.

先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时

I can remember the people and some picturesthat I saw in the room.

先行词是the one时，

This is the onethat you want.

在以who/ what/ which引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复删除

Whois the girl that is standing there?

用法

例句

在介词后只用which，不能用that

This is the bank inwhichthe robbery happened.

先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that

The clock is thatwhich tells the time.

关系副词

用法

例句

when

代替表示时间的名词，when在从句中充当时间状语，常可用on which, in which, during which等代替

We don't know the exact time whenthe English evening will be held.

Do you know the date whenLincoln was murdered ?

where

代替表示地点的名词，where在从句中充当地点状语，常用in which，on which，to which等代替

The place wherewe're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided.

He did all his research in the room where he lived.

why

代替表示原因的名词，why在从句中充当原因状语，可用for which代替

He didn't tell her the reason why he was happy.

Is this the reason whyshe refused our offer?

状

语

从

句

时间状语从句

时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导

条件状语从句

条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导

原因状语从句

原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导

结果状语从句

结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导

目的状语从句

目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that引导

让步状语从句

让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导

比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级+ than…等连词引导

地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由where, wherever来引导

方式状语从句

方式状语从句常常由as（像……一样）, as if/though来引导

时间状语从句的常见连接词

连接词

用法

例句

when

意为“当……时”, 从句的动词可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词

WhenI came into the room, he was writing a letter.

while

意为“在某一段时间里”，“在……期间”；while引导的动作必须是持续性的，且从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生

While it was raining, they went out.

I stayed while he was away.

as

意为“一边……一边；随着”，引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生

He hurried home, looking behind ashe went.

Astime goes by, I like China better.

before

意为“在……之前；还没来得及……就……”

Be a pupil beforeyou become a teacher.

I finished my task beforeI went home.

after

意为“在……之后”

He arrivedafterthe game started.

till 

until

若主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到……为止”

若主句动词是瞬间动词，要用否定式not…until表示“直到……才”

We waited till/untilhe came back .

He didn't leave the officeuntil he finished his work.

since

意为“自从……以来”，主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时

It’s+时间+since从句

She has taught in this school since she came to this city in 1989.

It’s three years since she came to this city.

as soon as

意为“一……就”

As soon asI arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.

时间状语从句的时态

主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）

The boy will bewriter when hegrowsup.

主语含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时（主情从现）

When the lightsarered, the traffic must stop.

主句为祈使句，从句用一般现在时（主祈从现）

Please don’t goto bed before youfinishyour homework.

主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态（主过从过）

I likedreading when I wasyoung.

条件状语从句的常见连词

连接词

用法

例句

if

意为“如果”；当主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来

Difficulties are nothingif we are not afraid of them.

You'll fail the exam ifyoudon’t study hard.

unless

意为“如果不；除非”，unless和if...not同义，通常二者可以换用

We shall go there tomorrow unlessit rains.

=We shall go there tomorrow ifit doesn’train.

as long as

意为“只要”

So long asyou work hard, you will succeed.

原因状语从句常见连词

连接词

用法

例句

because

because用来回答why的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后

I was late yesterday becauseI was ill.

since

since意为“既然”，表示双方都知道的原因，多放句首

Sinceeveryone is here, let’s begin our meeting.

as

从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中

As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .

for

for用于补充说明原因，一般放在主句之后

It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.

结果状语从句常见连词

连接词

用法

例句

so that

意为“因此，所以，结果”，so that前有逗号

We turned up the radio, so thateveryone heard the news.

so…that

意为“如此……以至于……”，常见结构如下：

so + adj./ adv.+ that…

so + many/few (+可数名词复数) + that…

so + much/little(+不可数名词) + that…

so +adj. + a/an+可数名词单数

He was so glad thathe couldn’t say a word.Mother livesso far away thatwe hardly ever see her.Soon there were so many deer thatthey ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time thathe can’t go to the cinema with you.

It is so interesting a novel thatall of us want to read it.

such…that

意为“如此……以至于……”，常见结构如下：

such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+ that

such+adj.+可数名词复数+that

such+adj. +不可数名词+that

It is such an interesting novel thatall of us want to read it. 

He gave such important reasons thathe was excused.

He made such rapid progress thathe did very well in the mid-term.

目的状语从句常见连词

连接词

用法

例句

so that

in orderthat

意为“以便；为了”，目的状语从句中常用情态动词may/ might/ can/ could/ would/ should等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。

I shall write down your telephone number so thatI may not forget.

They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.

【注】如果目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，可用in order to 转化为简单句。

I’ll write down your phone number so thatI may not forget.

= I’ll write down your phone numberin order not to forget.

让步状语从句常见连词

连接词

用法

例句

though

although

意为“虽然”，不能再用but，但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，前者通俗、口语化，后者正式，从句多放主句的前面。

Although /Though he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.

We were not tired though /although we had worked all day.

even if

even though

意为“即使”，多用于书面语中。

I’ll go even if/thoughit rains tomorrow.

as

意为“即使，尽管”，as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，且从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。

Child ashe is , he knows a lot .

Cold as it is, the children play outdoors.

=Though it is cold, the children play outdoors.

nomatter who/what/when/ how...

no matter+特殊疑问词与 wh-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，意为“无论……”。

Do it no matter what others say.

No matter howbusy he was, he studied English every day.

Whatever happens, we shall not lose heart.

Whoever comes, he will be welcome.

wh-ever (whatever whoever…)

比较状语从句常见连词

连接词

用法

例句

as…as

not so/as…as

as…as意为“和……一样”， not so/as…as意为“和……不一样”，在实际运用中，常常省略与主句部分相同的词。

He writes as carefully as his sister (writes/does).

比较级+than

意为“……比……”

He bought fewer books than I (did).

The earth is bigger than the moon (is) .

the+比较级，the+比较级

意为“越来越…”

The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

地点状语从句常见连词

连接词

用法

例句

where

wherever

where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。

Where there is water there is life.

Wherever you go, you must obey the law.

方式状语从句常见连词

连接词

用法

例句

as

表示“按照……方式；正如”

Please do as I told you.

as if/as though

表示“好像，仿佛”

It looks as though it’s going to rain.