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初中英语语法每日一讲:连词辨析

初中英语语法每日一讲:连词辨析
很多同学做单选、完形和改错时,最容易栽跟头的就是连词。不是单词不认识,而是分不清逻辑关系。
初中连词,核心就抓四大逻辑:并列、转折、因果、条件。只要先判断句子之间是什么逻辑,再选连词,正确率会直接提升。

连词分为两大类:并列连词 和 从属连词。
并列连词,用来连接两个地位平等的简单句,常见的就是我们常说的 FANBOYS:for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so。
从属连词,用来引导从句,比如状语从句、宾语从句,两个句子有主次之分,主句是主干,从句是修饰补充的内容。

一、高频并列连词辨析

1. and 和;并且
表顺承、并列、递进。前后句子方向一致。
例:He got up early and caught the early bus.
他起得很早,赶上了早班车。
易错点:在否定句里,and 一般要换成 or。
对比:I like apples and bananas. (肯定句)
I don’t like apples or bananas. (否定句)
2. but 但是
表转折,前后意思相反,中考最高频。
重点陷阱:but 和 though / although 不能连用!
错误:Although he is tired, but he keeps working.
正确:Although he is tired, he keeps working.
正确:He is tired, but he keeps working.
这个考点,几乎每年广东中考都会出现。
3. or 或者;否则
两个含义,一定要区分。
① 或者,表选择:You can go by bus or by bike.
② 否则,表警告:Hurry up, or you will be late.
这里很容易和 and 混淆。记住一句话:顺承用 and,警告后果用 or。
4. so 所以
表结果。同样有一个大坑:so 和 because 不能同时出现在一句话里。
错误:Because it rained, so we stayed at home.
正确:Because it rained, we stayed at home.
正确:It rained, so we stayed at home.
5. for 因为
很多同学会把 for 和 because 混在一起。
简单区分:because 侧重直接原因,回答 why;for 是并列连词,一般放在主句后面,用来补充说明理由,语气很弱,书面多见,初中考察不多,了解即可。
例:He must be ill, for he didn’t come.

二、从属连词重点辨析(中考重中之重)

1. because / since / as 原因连词

- because:最强,直接原因,专门回答 why。
- since:既然,侧重大家都知道的、显而易见的理由。
- as:由于,语气最弱,多用于口语。
例:
— Why didn’t you come?
— Because I was busy.
Since everyone is here, let’s start.
As it was dark, we went home.

2. if / whether 是否;如果

两个单词都可以翻译为“是否”,引导宾语从句,大部分情况可以互换。
但是三种情况,只能用 whether,不能用 if:
① 后面直接跟 or not;
② 放在介词后面;
③ 不定式 to do 前面。
另外,if 还有另外一个意思:如果,引导条件状语从句,这时候绝对不能换成 whether。
例:I don’t know whether he will come or not.
We will go out if it is fine tomorrow.

3. when / while / as 时间连词

- when:当……时候,可接短暂性动词,也可接延续性动词,使用范围最广。
- while:只能接延续性动词,强调两个动作同时进行,经常用进行时态。
- as:一边……一边,强调两个动作同步发生。
例:
When I arrived, he was cooking.(arrive 短暂动词,不能用 while)
While my mum was cooking, my dad was reading.
She sang as she walked.

4. until / unless 容易翻译错的两个词

unless = if…not,翻译成“除非,如果不”,很多学生容易翻译成“直到”,直接丢分。
until 才是“直到”。
对比:
You will fail unless you work hard.
= You will fail if you don’t work hard.
Wait until I come back.

三、快速做题的通用方法

做连词题,不要先去翻译单词!固定步骤:

1. 拆分前后两个句子;
2. 判断逻辑:并列?转折?因果?条件?时间?
3. 排除矛盾的连词;
4. 检查禁忌:but 不跟 although,so 不跟 because。

初中连词,词汇本身不难,命题人喜欢挖的坑,永远是连用禁忌和中文翻译的误导。
很多同学习惯按照中文直译去选,很容易踩陷阱。记住:英语的连词规则是语法优先,不是中文语感优先。

练习题

一、单项选择

1. I was reading ______ my sister was watching TV.
A. when  B. while  C. if  D. though
2. ______ he was young, he knew a lot of knowledge.
A. Because  B. If  C. Although  D. So
3. You can’t pass the exam ______ you study hard.
A. if  B. unless  C. when  D. because
4. — Why did you stay at home?
— ______ my mother was ill.
A. Because  B. Since  C. As  D. For
5. It was raining, ______ we put off the sports meeting.
A. because  B. so  C. but  D. or
6. I don’t know ______ he will join us or not.
A. if  B. whether  C. that  D. what
7. Hurry up, ______ we will miss the last bus.
A. and  B. but  C. or  D. so
8. ______ everyone agrees with the plan, we will carry it out.
A. Since  B. For  C. Until  D. Though

二、改错(划出错误并改正)

1. Though he is young, but he speaks three languages.
2. Because it was cold, so she wore a thick coat.
3. I wonder if he comes or not.

三、翻译填空

1. 既然你累了,你可以早点休息。
______ you are tired, you can rest early.
2. 当我进门的时候,他正在写作业。
______ I came in, he was doing his homework.



参考答案
单选:1.B  2.C  3.B  4.A  5.B  6.B  7.C  8.A
改错:

1. 删掉 but
2. 删掉 so 或者删掉 Because
3. if → whether
填空:1. Since  2. When

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