【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社|选修一|Unit 5: Revealing nature|语法&口语和写作

学习重点

Ø词汇学习【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社｜选修一｜Unit 5: Revealing nature｜词汇学习

Ø语法：Past perfect

Ø口语&写作：Write an observational journal & Recommend a nature documentary

📖语法精讲

过去完成时核心用法

1. 核心：过去的过去。动作发生在某一个过去动作/过去时间之前。

标志词： before, by the time, by +过去年份, until, when 

When I arrived, the meeting had finished.

我到的时候，会议已经结束。（结束在到达之前）

2. 用于宾语从句：主句动词是过去式（said, thought, suspected, believed），从句动作发生在主句动作之前，用had done。

He thought that he had seen the animal.

3. 区分：一般过去时 vs 过去完成时

- 一般过去时：单纯描述过去发生的事，只陈述过去事实

- 过去完成时：强调两件过去事件的先后，更早的那件事

❗易错点

❌ 不能单独使用过去完成时！句子里必须有另一个过去时间/过去动作做参照。

✅ 不能说：He had eaten.（没有参照，错误）

✅ He had eaten before I came.（我来之前，他已经吃完，正确）

高频句型

1. By the time +一般过去时，主句 had done

2. Before +一般过去时，主句 had done

3. 主句（过去式）+ that 从句（had done）

📝巩固练习题

1. When we got to the station, the train ______ (leave).

2. He told me that he ______ (visit) the Galápagos Islands before.

3. By 2000, scientists ______ (find) many new species.

答案 1. had left 2. had visited 3. had found 

阅读练习（关注一般过去时&过去完成时）

Yuan Longping began to do research on hybrid rice because natural disasters had led food shortages in the 1960s. In the end, he developed a better type of rice.

✅解析：

- 自然灾害（led）发生在开始研究之前，是过去的过去 → had led

- began、developed 都是后面发生的动作，用一般过去时

Gregor Mendel chose study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. By the time of his death in 1884, he had made important discoveries about genetics.

✅解析：

 by the time + 过去时间（his death in 1884），截止到过去这个时间点之前已经完成的动作，用had made。

Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise. He died in 2012. After George’s death, the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.

The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans. Before humans arrived on the island, the species had lived in isolation and had eaten the plants that naturally grew there. George was discovered many years after their arrival, and by then humans had introduced new species that competed for the food the tortoises ate. After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population had declined. Eventually, only George remained.

解析

1. arrived：人类抵达岛屿，一般过去时（基准过去时间）

2. had lived：在人类抵达之前，该物种一直在此生活 → 过去的过去

3. had eaten：人类来之前，以本土植物为食，和live并列，had eaten

4. had introduced：到发现George的时候，人类已经引进外来物种，by then +过去完成时

5. competed：新物种和陆龟争夺食物，一般过去时

6. had declined：山羊引入之后，陆龟种群已经减少

中文翻译参考：

孤独乔治是最后一只平塔岛象龟，2012年死亡。乔治死后，平塔岛象龟宣告灭绝。

平塔岛象龟的灭绝归咎于人类。在人类抵达这座岛屿前，该物种一直在此独立繁衍，以岛上原生植物为食。人类登陆多年之后乔治才被发现，彼时人类已经引入了新物种，这些物种和象龟争夺食物。尤其是山羊被带到岛上之后，平塔岛象龟种群数量不断下降。最终，只剩下乔治。

口语&写作：Write an observational journal & Recommend a nature documentary

课文原文：水仙花观察日记

Week 1

The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soil, with the pointed ends facing up. Water has been added and the container was put in a cool, dark place. The bulbs are being watered regularly.

Week 3

A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs. On each stem are two leaves, which are long and narrow with a waxy texture. The container has been moved to a sunny, but cool place.

Week 6

The stems have grown to around 20 centimetres tall and each has produced a single flower. The flowers are yellow and white, and shaped like trumpets.

✍重点语法：现在完成时被动 have/has been done

用法讲解

结构：主语 + have/has + been + 过去分词

含义：动作已经完成，并且强调动作承受者，不强调谁做的。观察日记非常适合这个时态，用来描述植物已经被如何处理。

例句：

- The bulbs have been planted. 球茎已经被种下。

- The container has been moved. 花盆已经被移走。

区分：

- have been done 现在完成被动：已经被……（完成）

- are being done 现在进行被动：正在被……（进行）

原文：The bulbs are being watered regularly. 球茎正在被定期浇水。

文中高频单词&短语

observational journal 观察日记

We keep an observational journal to record plant growth.

我们写观察日记记录植物生长。

daffodil n. 水仙花

The daffodil blooms in early spring.

水仙花在早春开放。

bulb n. 球茎；鳞茎

The tulip grows from a bulb.

郁金香从球茎生长。

side by side 并排，并肩

The trees are planted side by side.

树木被并排栽种。

pointed adj. 尖的

The pointed leaves look sharp.

尖尖的叶子看起来很锋利。

sprout v. 发芽，长出

New leaves will sprout in warm weather.

温暖天气里新叶会发芽。

waxy adj. 蜡质的

The waxy surface of leaves keeps water in.

叶片蜡质表层锁住水分。

texture n. 质地，质感

You can feel the smooth texture of the leaf.

你可以摸到叶片光滑的质地。

trumpet n. 喇叭；喇叭形之物

The flower is shaped like a trumpet.

这朵花呈喇叭形状。

写作任务：向日葵观察日记

图片时间节点：1 June → 6 July →26 July

✅写作技巧总结（写观察日记）

1. 按照时间顺序分段（Week / Date）

2. 多用现在完成被动：描述已经完成的培育操作

3. 描写外形：大小、颜色、形状、质地

4. 记录环境变化：光照、温度、位置

5. 客观描述，简洁，不用过多抒情

范文

Observational Journal: Sunflower

1 June

The sunflower seed has been placed in potting soil. A little water has been added. The pot has been put in a warm and sunny place. The seed is being watered every two days. No sprout can be seen yet.

6 July

A thin stem has sprouted out of the soil. Several small green leaves have grown on the stem. The pot has been kept in the sunny corner. The leaves are being checked each week. The plant is about 10 centimetres high.

26 July

The stem has grown much taller and stronger. A big yellow flower has appeared on top. The flower has bright yellow petals and a brown centre. It has been moved to a place with more sunlight. The sunflower is blooming well.

自然纪录片口头展示

模板

Title:

Main theme:

Reasons you recommend it:

示例填写：

Title: Born in China

Main theme: It records the life of wild animals in China, such as pandas, golden monkeys and snow leopards.

Reasons you recommend it: It has beautiful pictures. It helps us know more about wildlife protection in China.

高分句型

I’d like to introduce a nature documentary called…

It mainly talks about…

What impresses me most is that…

I strongly recommend it because it helps us respect and protect nature.

📝自测题

一、英译中

1. observational journal

2. side by side

3. The daffodil bulbs have been planted in soil.

4. A single stem has sprouted from the bulb.

二、中译英

1. 球茎已经被移到凉爽的地方。

2. 叶片有蜡质的质感。

3. 向日葵种子已经被埋进土里。

自测答案

英译中

1. 观察日记

2. 并排

3. 水仙花球茎已经被种进土壤。

4. 一根单独的茎从球茎中萌发出来。

中译英

1. The bulbs have been moved to a cool place.

2. The leaves have a waxy texture.

3. The sunflower seed has been buried in soil.