ARTICLE · 1226546
初中英语必考语法学习手册 -词法篇—代词
初中英语必考语法学习手册
【第2章 代词】
一、核心定义代词就是用来代替名词的词,为了避免一遍遍重复说同一个名字。
二、必考规则
人称代词对照表(背下来最省事)主格(作主语):I you he she it we you they宾格(作宾语):me you him her it us you them形容词性物主(后面跟名词):my your his her its our your their名词性物主(单独用):mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs反身代词:myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
用法要点(1)主格放在动词前作主语,宾格放在动词后或介词后作宾语 He helps me. / This book is for him.(2)形容词性物主后面必须跟名词;名词性物主单独使用 This is my book. = This book is mine.(3)反身代词固定搭配:enjoy oneself(玩得开心),help oneself to(随便吃),teach oneself(自学),by oneself(独自),hurt oneself(伤到自己),look after oneself(照顾自己),dress oneself(4)this / these 指近,that / those 指远;打电话时用 this 介绍自己,用 that 问对方是谁
不定代词(1)some 用于肯定句,以及表示请求或建议的疑问句;any 用于否定句和一般疑问句 Would you like some tea?(希望对方说好)(2)两者与三者以上 both(两个都),either(两个中任一个),neither(两个都不) all(三个以上都),any(三个以上任一个),none(三个以上都不)(3)复合不定代词:something,anything,nothing,everything,someone,anyone,nobody,everyone 形容词要放在后面:something important,nothing new 作主语时谓语用单数:Everyone is here.(4)one...the other(两个中的一个……另一个) some...others(一些……另一些) one...another(泛指另一个)
it 的用法(1)指代前面提过的事物:I have a cat. It is white.(2)指天气、时间、距离:It is sunny today. It is 7 o’clock. It is 10 minutes’ walk.(3)作形式主语、形式宾语:It is important to learn English. I find it easy to get along with him.
三、典型例句This is not my pen. Mine is in the pencil box.Help yourselves to some fish, children.I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher.He is too young to look after himself.Everyone in our class likes English.
四、背诵口诀主格动词前,宾格动后介词后。形容词性物主带名词,名词性物主自己走。反身代词记搭配,enjoy、help、teach 加自己。
五、易错坑提醒
its 是“它的”,it’s 是“它是”,两者千万别混
everyone、everybody 作主语,谓语用单数
neither of 后面谓语常用单数,both of 后面用复数
比较时用 that 代替前面提到的单数名词、those 代替复数 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.
复合不定代词后面不能直接跟形容词,形容词要后置
别把 my 和 mine 用反:my 后面必须有名,mine 后面不能有名
六、自测5题
This is my dictionary. That one is ________ (her).
Help ________ (you) to some fruit, boys and girls.
I have two pens. One is red, ________ is blue.
________ (be) there any milk in the glass?
The weather in Beijing is colder than ________ in Haikou.
答案
hers(名词性物主代词)
yourselves(help oneself to 的复数形式)
the other(两者中的另一个)
Is(milk 不可数,谓语用单数)
that(代替前面的 the weather)
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