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初中英语必考语法学习手册 -词法篇—代词

初中英语必考语法学习手册 -词法篇—代词

初中英语必考语法学习手册

【第2章 代词】

一、核心定义代词就是用来代替名词的词,为了避免一遍遍重复说同一个名字。

二、必考规则

  1. 人称代词对照表(背下来最省事)主格(作主语):I you he she it we you they宾格(作宾语):me you him her it us you them形容词性物主(后面跟名词):my your his her its our your their名词性物主(单独用):mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs反身代词:myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves

  2. 用法要点(1)主格放在动词前作主语,宾格放在动词后或介词后作宾语  He helps me. / This book is for him.(2)形容词性物主后面必须跟名词;名词性物主单独使用  This is my book. = This book is mine.(3)反身代词固定搭配:enjoy oneself(玩得开心),help oneself to(随便吃),teach oneself(自学),by oneself(独自),hurt oneself(伤到自己),look after oneself(照顾自己),dress oneself(4)this / these 指近,that / those 指远;打电话时用 this 介绍自己,用 that 问对方是谁

  3. 不定代词(1)some 用于肯定句,以及表示请求或建议的疑问句;any 用于否定句和一般疑问句  Would you like some tea?(希望对方说好)(2)两者与三者以上  both(两个都),either(两个中任一个),neither(两个都不)  all(三个以上都),any(三个以上任一个),none(三个以上都不)(3)复合不定代词:something,anything,nothing,everything,someone,anyone,nobody,everyone  形容词要放在后面:something important,nothing new  作主语时谓语用单数:Everyone is here.(4)one...the other(两个中的一个……另一个)  some...others(一些……另一些)  one...another(泛指另一个)

  4. it 的用法(1)指代前面提过的事物:I have a cat. It is white.(2)指天气、时间、距离:It is sunny today. It is 7 o’clock. It is 10 minutes’ walk.(3)作形式主语、形式宾语:It is important to learn English. I find it easy to get along with him.

三、典型例句This is not my pen. Mine is in the pencil box.Help yourselves to some fish, children.I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher.He is too young to look after himself.Everyone in our class likes English.

四、背诵口诀主格动词前,宾格动后介词后。形容词性物主带名词,名词性物主自己走。反身代词记搭配,enjoy、help、teach 加自己。

五、易错坑提醒

  1. its 是“它的”,it’s 是“它是”,两者千万别混

  2. everyone、everybody 作主语,谓语用单数

  3. neither of 后面谓语常用单数,both of 后面用复数

  4. 比较时用 that 代替前面提到的单数名词、those 代替复数  The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.

  5. 复合不定代词后面不能直接跟形容词,形容词要后置

  6. 别把 my 和 mine 用反:my 后面必须有名,mine 后面不能有名

六、自测5题

  1. This is my dictionary. That one is ________ (her).

  2. Help ________ (you) to some fruit, boys and girls.

  3. I have two pens. One is red, ________ is blue.

  4. ________ (be) there any milk in the glass?

  5. The weather in Beijing is colder than ________ in Haikou.

答案

  1. hers(名词性物主代词)

  2. yourselves(help oneself to 的复数形式)

  3. the other(两者中的另一个)

  4. Is(milk 不可数,谓语用单数)

  5. that(代替前面的 the weather)

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