文档内容
第 26 讲 Unit 13 语法篇
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1. 复习现在进行时、used to句型、被动语态、现在完成时和情态动词
现在进行时
（1）含义：表示正在发生或进行的动作。
（2）基本结构：
主语 + be + 现在分词（be 的形式随主语的变化而变化）
（3）基本用法：
①表示现在正在进行的动作。特征：常常与 now或具体的时间连用，有时句中会有感官动词来提
示，或通过上下文来暗示。
②表示现阶段一直进行的动作。这类动词常常是延续性动词。常于 at present, this week, these days
等连用。
③表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
现在完成时
（1）含义：表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响。
（2）基本结构：主语 + have / has + 过去分词
（3）基本用法：
①表示过去发生的动作，但强调对现在产生影响。特征：不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。
②表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。常常与 since, for, in the
past + 时间名词，in the last +时间名词等时间状语连用，而且谓语动词要求是延续性动词。
③表示一种“经历或体验”，即可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。
被动语态初中阶段我们学习了七种被动结构，归纳如下：
（1）一般现在时是被动语态：am / is / are + 过去分词
（2）现在完成时的被动式： have / has + been + 过去分词
（3）现在进行时的被动式：am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词
（4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词
（5）过去进行时的被动式：was / were + being + 过去分词
（6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词
（7）一般将来时的被动式：will / be going to be+ 过去分词
（8）含有情态动词的被动式：
情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情
态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。后面一般跟动词原形。
used to 结构
used to意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used
to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在美式英语中。它的疑问式是：
Did ＋主语＋use to do sth．？否定式是：主语＋didn't use．．。在英式英语中，它的疑问式应
当是：Used ＋主语＋to sth．？否定式应当是used not to或use（d）n't to。
He used to stay up late. 他过去常熬到很晚。
1.(2013湖北宜昌)—At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
—More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering
2. (2013湖北随州)–How does Jack usually go to work?
—He ______ drive a car, but now he ______ there to lose weight.
A. used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walking
C. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking
3.He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _____ yet.
A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived
4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ___ as “People’s Writer”.
A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards
5. —May I go out now, Dad?
— No. You _____ let your mother know first.
A. can B. may C. need D. Must
解析：
1.B 主语more chances是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。2. A used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”；句意：
—Jack如何去上班？—他过去常开车，但是现在他习惯步行去上班以便减肥。
3.D“他还没有出现”表示从过去某个时间开始持续到现在状态，应当用现在完成时。
4. A 句子的主语Ba Jin是动作的承受者，应当用被动语态。
5. D must 意为“必须”；句意：你必须先让你妈知道。
基础演练
I.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The old man used _____ (be) a teacher.
2. We should ____ (clean) the room every day.
3. Look! Tom ____ (sleep) in his room.
4. Lots of trees ____ (plant) on the hill every year.
5. He _____ (live) here for 20 years.
II.句型转换。
1.They hope they can visit the Great Wall one day. (改为同义句)8
They hope ______ _______ the Great Wall one day.【 ：21· · ·5】
2. She can speak both English and French. (改为同义句)
She can speak ______ _______ English ________ _______ French.【 ：0】
3. Lily used to play the violin.（改为否定句）
Lily _______ _______ _______ play the violin.
4. My father doesn’t allow me to use his computer. (改为被动语态)
I’m ________ _______ _________ _______ his computer by my father.
5. All my classmates left ten minutes ago. (改为同义句) 6
All my classmates ________ _________ ______ for ten minutes.
答案：
I.1.to be 2. clean 3. is sleeping 4. are planted 5. has lived
II.1. to visit 2.not only; but also 3.didn’t use to 4.not allowed to use 5.have been away
巩固提高
I.单项选择
1. He likes watching the children _________ football.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. playsy
2. Most of the young people can hardly speak any Chinese, ________?
A. can he B. can’t he C. can they D. can’t they
3. They _________ to Tibet many times.A. are B. were C. have been D. has been
4. They ______ a hit CD in the last six months.
A. make B. made C. was made D. have made
5. My friend from America called me yesterday. We __________ for hours.
A.chat B. chatted C. have chatted D. had chatted3
4. –Where is Tom? --He __________ playing basketball on the playground.
A. is seen B. saw C. be seen D. was seen
6.Many old houses around our school will be __ down next year and a large green area will appear.
A．thrown B．pulled C．broken D．put
7.The Olympic Games ___________every four years.
A. are held B. were held C. are holding D. will ho1d
8.Usually computers _____to search the Internet.
A. use B. are using C. are used D. used
9.It is reported that more new teaching buildings _______ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
10.Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.
A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked
II.句型转换。
1. “Don’t park your car here,” the man told me.(改为间接引语)21 5
The man told me ________ _______ _____ my car here.
2. Tom left Shanghai two weeks ago because of his new job. (改为同义句)
Tom ________ _________ ________ from Shanghai two weeks ago because of his new job.
3. He has cleaned the room. (改为被动句)
The room _______ ________ _________ by him.
4. Loud music makes me want to leave. (改为被动句)
I _______ _________ ___________ want to leave by loud music.
5.I have already finished my homework. (改为否定句)
I ________ ______ my homework _______.
答案：
I.BACAB ACCDB
II.1.not to park 2. has been away 3.has been cleaned 4.am made to 5.haven’t finished; yet
I.单项选择
1.—Where is Tom?
—He ______ in his room.
A. is reading B. reads C. read D. was reading
2. Her son _______ Coke, but now he ________ milk.A. used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinks
C. is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking
3.My alarm clock doesn’t work. It needs ______.
A. to be repaired B. repair C. to repair D. for repairing
4. His death was _____ by a high fever.
A. spread B. caused C. got D. showed
5. His mother ____ a worker in that factory.
A. used to be B.used C. used to being D. used be
6. —Your classroom is very clean.
—Sure. It ________ after school every day.
A. is cleaned B. cleans C. cleaned D. is cleaning
7. —He’s never stolen anything before, _____he?
—______. It’s his second time to be taken to the police station.
A. hasn’t; Yes B. has; Yes C. has; No D. is; No
8. –Were you at home 7 o’clock last night?
--Yes, I _____ a shower at that time.
A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. an taking
9. –How do they deal with the dangerous building?
--The building_____ now.
A. is pulled down B. pulled down C. is being set up D. set up
10. –Have you ever ____ Jin Yong?
--Of course, a very famous writer, and he once studied in Quzhou.
A. heard B. hearing C. heard of D. heard from
11. –How outing Rita is! --So she I, But she ____ very shy.
A. wasn’t B. is C. used to be D. has become
12. I am waiting for my mom. ______ , I’ll go shopping with her.
A. If she doesn’t come B. If she comes C. If she will come D. If she won’t come
II.完形填空
How did we help to save our earth this week? Let me tell you.
First, my family tried to save electricity (电). We never left the lights 1 when leaving the room.
We 2 the TV when nobody was watching it. Mum only used cold water in the washing machine.
Second, we started recycling this week. We tried to write on 3 of our paper, but not just on one side.
We also divided our rubbish into 4 bags for bottles, paper and food. Mum kept the plastic shopping
bags from the supermarket to use them again as rubbish bags.
Third, my family started to save 5 . We stopped 6 long baths and had short showers (淋浴) 7 . We
washed toilet with used water. Mum and dad used less water to do the washing. My sister and I didn't
leave the tap (龙头) running when we brushed our teeth.
At last, mum and dad began to save gas (汽油). Mum used to 8 us to school, but now my sister and I
started riding our bikes to school. It's hard work 9 exercise!
This week dad and a few of the people in his company also started to go to work in one car and share the10 .
These are great ways to help protect our environment.
1. A. out B. on C. off D. behind
2. A. turned up B. turned on C. turned down D. turned off
3. A. any side B. all sides C. neither side D. both sides
4. A. large B. small C. different D. the same
20. A. electricity B. food C. water D. paper
21. A. to use B. making C. to have D. taking
22. A. again B. instead C. already D. too
23. A. drive B. order C. show D. carry
24. A. or B. but C. for D. and
25. A. pay B. value C. cost D. price
答案
I.AAABA ABBAC CB
II.BDDCCDBABC
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I.单项选择
1. Riding a bicycle is a good way to exercise and costs ______.（江苏单元测试）
A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
2. The number of the endangered animals, for example the tiger, ______ by over 40% in the past few years.
A. falls B. has fallen C. fell D. will fall
3. Many people still eat shark fin soup ______ no scientific studies support it’s healthy food.（江苏单元测
试）
A. but B. while C. although D. if
4. WWF ______ a great green organization for many volunteers to protect the animals.（江苏单元测试）
A. considers B. is considered C. has considered D. is considering
5. I don’t think we ______ use paper napkins anymore.（江苏单元测试）
A. must B. might C. may D. should
6. Many famous movie stars are ______ playing a part in saving the earth.（江苏单元测试）
A. known for B. good for C. full of D. instead of
7. — Can you ______ the TV, Tom? I’m reading. （江苏单元测试）
— Sorry, mum. I’ll do it right away.A. turn on B. turn up C. turn over D. turn down
8. I love places ______ the people are trying to save their environment.
A. that B. which C. who D. where
9. We should throw rubbish in the bins and keep our classroom ______.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning
10. He went into his room, ______ the light and began to work.
A. has turned on B. will turn on C. turned on D. turns on
11. — Where is Linda?
— She ______ a TV program about a missing elephant.
A. watches B. will watch C. watched D. is watching
12. The ______ we care about the earth, the ______ our environment will be.
A. less; more B. more; better C. less; better D. more; less
13. ______ people helped with the Clean-up Day last year?
A. How much B. How often C. How many D. How far
14. Though these bags are made _______ old clothes, they are cute and beautiful.
A. into B. from C. for D. out
15. Can you tell me ______ her house out of rubbish?
A. when Amy Hayes built B. when did Amy Hayes build
C. when does Amy Hayes build D. when Amy Hayes builds
16..—How do you think of the book?
--It is suitable_____ children to read because it is full of pictures and educational words.
A. to B. at C. for D. with
17. We can help to educate the public _____ the environment.【4】
A. about caring for B. of caring for
C. about taking care D. of looking after
18. I ______ an expensive gift for my birthday, but I could no _____ it.
A. accepted; received B. received; accept
C. accepted; receive D. accepted; received
19. The Changjiang River is about 6,300 kilometers ______.
A. long B. tall C. wide D. high
20. ______ years ago, very large animals called dinosaurs ____ in some areas of the world.
A. Many million; have been living B. Million; had lived
C. Several millions of; are alive D. Millions; had lived
21. –Your new sweater looks beautiful. Is it ____ pure wool?
--Yes, and it’s _____ Inner Mongolia.
A. made by; made in B. made of; made by C. made of; made in D. made from; made from
22. –Help yourself to more fish. --______. I’ve had enough.【 】
A. All right B. It doesn’t matter C. No, thanks D. The same to you
23. –It’s raining, Daisy. Please _____ an umbrella with you.
--Thanks. I’ll return it to you when I _____ next week.
A. take; come B. take; will come C. bring; come D. bring; will come
24. –Dad, why should I stop ______ computer games?
--For your health, my boy, I’m afraid you _____.A. to play; must B. playing; have to C. to play; can D. playing; may
25. –Jim wants to take part in the torch relay (火炬接力) of the 2012 Olympic Games.
--________.
A. So I do B. So do I 7 C. Neither do I D. Nor do I
II.阅读理解
A
Instructions
（1）Walk more. If you're going someplace close by, take a walk. You'll stay in shape and be living
greener.
（2）Stay at home. In today's high tech and fast paced society we may get bored easily. Find things to do
at home to relax and get back to the basics rather than going out to eat, shopping, or traveling. Try reading a
book, bird watching, planting a garden, flowers, or volunteering at a local organization. You'll save money
and live greener.
（3）Don't waste. Try not to buy or cook more than you'll use. Buy items made from recycled material.
Recycle your waste. Two thirds of your rubbish should be recyclable.
（4）Turn down your thermostat（自动恒温器）and air conditioner. You can save money on heating and
cooling bills while helping the environment.
（5）Unplug appliances that are not in use. Leaving a radio,computer, hair drier, or other items plugged
（插在插座上）in while not in use will still use electricity. Unplug items that are not being used. You'll
see your electric bill go down too!
（6）Try not to always buy, buy, buy! Make what you have work for you. Are buying something because
you need it or because you are bored with what you have?
（7）As your light bulbs burn out, replace them with energy efficient（节能的）ones.
1. What is NOT the advantage of walking more?
A. Keeping a good figure B. Doing exercise C. Becoming lazier D. Living greener
2. Which of the following is true?
A. You shouldn’t eat at a restaurant but stay at home.
B. You could go shopping if you get bored sometimes.
C. Most of your rubbish can not be reused or recycled.
D. You should know your real need before you buy items.
3. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. How to Live a Greener Life B. Ways to Cut Down Bills
C. Instructions for a Better Life D. How to Save our Earth
B
There are many kinds of heroes. Even animals can be heroes. This month’s newsletter tells about three
amazing animals. Each one is a hero!
Thumper the Dog
Thumper was a dog that lived with a family which had a three-year-old son named Benjamin. One dayBenjamin wandered into a large field. The grass in the field was taller than he was, so he could not find his
way out. Hundreds of people began to search for Benjamin. When they found him, they saw Thumper
stayed with Benjamin and kept him warm. So Benjamin had stayed safe and calm.
Lulu the Pig
The Altsmans had a pet pig named Lulu. One summer the couple went camping and took Lulu with them.
The husband went fishing one morning. The wife didn’t feel well, so she and Lulu stayed in the camper.
Suddenly Mrs. Altsman fell to the floor. Lulu pushed the camper door open and climbed out to locate help.
When a car came by, she lay down in front of it. When the driver got out, Lulu led him back to the camper.
The man called for help and Mrs. Altsman was taken to hospital.
Sugar the Cat
Sugar was a beautiful cat. Three years ago she wandered onto the Woods’ farm in California and Mrs.
Woods began feeding her. Mrs. Woods noticed something wrong with the cat’s left leg, but this didn’t make
Sugar any less special. Mrs. Woods loved Sugar. Later the couple moved to a new farm in Oklahoma. They
gave Sugar to a neighbor who would take good care of her, because they knew she wouldn’t like riding in
cars for days. However, Sugar walked across deserts and mountains and traveled more than 1,500 miles to
the Woods’ new farm! Mr. and Mrs. Woods could hardly believe their eyes. No one knows how Sugar
found her way to Oklahoma.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Lovely pigs. B. Unknown heroes. C. New friends. D. Amazing animals.
2. How did Thumper help Benjamin?
A. By searching for him in the field. B. By finding the way out for him.
C. By staying with him all the time. D. By cutting the grass around him.
3. Why did Lulu lie down on the road?
A. To get help. B. To watch the cars. C. To have a sleep. D. To ask for a lift.
4. What did Sugar do in the story?
A. Sugar tried to find help. B. Sugar protected her owners.
C. Sugar went camping with her owners. D. Sugar went a long way to find her owners.
C
Cooking Kills Four Million People a Year
Polluted airborne particles（大气悬浮颗粒）kill 7 million people a year, reports the World Health
Organization.
That news may not come as a surprise to anyone who has seen images of chimneys in Beijing, Delhi or
Mexico. But those factories—or even the jammed roadways of modern cities—are not the biggest killer.
Each year, some 4.3 million people die earlier than they should because of polluted air inside their homes,
says the WHO.
What’s causing the air inside people’s homes to be so poisonous that it kills around 11,000 people a day?
Stoves. “Having an open fire in your kitchen is like burning 400 cigarettes an hour.” says Kirk Smith, a
professor at the University of California at Berkeley, whose research suggests that household air pollutionfrom cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in 2013.
Not all stoves cause this kind of harm. The ones Smith’s talking about are those that the 3 billion people in
the developing world use for heat and cooking, which burn solid fuels such as wood, coal, or crop waste
instead of gas. The smoke from those fires produces harmful fine particles and carbon monoxide into
homes. Poor ventilation then prevents that smoke from escaping, raising fine particle levels 100 times
higher than the limits that the WHO considers acceptable.
Breathing this air day in day out finally causes a lot of diseases: more than a third of the 4.3 million die of a
stroke, while a quarter die of heart disease. And around one-third of annual lung disease deaths worldwide
are due to waste from coal stoves.
Exposure tends to be extremely harmful for the people who spend the most time around the fire—usually
women and young children. In fact, the WHO reports that household air pollution almost doubles the risk
for childhood lung disease.
1. According to Kirk Smith’s research, ________.
A. factories are the biggest killer worldwide nowadays
B. burning 400 cigarettes an hour is extremely dangerous
C. household air pollution from cooking is surprisingly harmful
D. some 4.3 million people die earlier each year than they should
2. What should be the deadly killer in a household kitchen?
A. Solid fuels. B. Coal stoves. C. Poor gas. D. Cooking smoke.
3. The underlined word “ventilation” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A. airing B. cooking C. burning D. cooling
4. The author intends to tell people ________.
A. how to avoid polluted air in their homes
B. to stop cooking in the household kitchen
C. to guard against household pollution from cooking
D. how to prevent childhood lung diseases in household
III.任务型阅读
We need to be responsible for our environment. Being a frugal consumer（节俭的消费者）is one way to
help. But, what exactly does that mean?
Use It Up
You can use things up instead of wasting them. Squeeze that last bit of toothpaste out of the tube. Use the
last little piece of soap. Don't throw away any bits of the biscuit at the bottom of the box.
Wear It Out
You do not always need to have new things. Suppose your sneakers have broken laces, but they still fit you.
Repair them and wear them longer. You don't have the latest iPhone until the old one doesn't work
anymore. Then you can get a new one. Think twice before replacing something that still works.
Make It Do
When something you want is not on hand, look for something else that you already have to take its place.Suppose you are packing your lunch for tomorrow and want a butter sandwich. You are out of butter. Have
a cheese sandwich instead so that you can use all of the cheese. Learn to fix broken toys instead of just
throwing them away. With a little thought, you can make something do, instead of buying something new.
Do Without
Think about all those things that you would like to have. Do you really need them? How long will you
really play with that new toy you saw on TV? Making the things that we want uses up your world's
resources（资源）. And, getting rid of the things we don't want any more takes up even more resources
and space.
1. Do we need to be responsible for our environment?
____________________________________________________________________
2.How do we deal with the last little piece of soap?
____________________________________________________________________
3. When do we need to get a new iPhone?
____________________________________________________________________
4. What should we do when something we want is not on hand?
____________________________________________________________________
5. What does the writer want to tell us?
____________________________________________________________________
IV.词汇运用与完成句子
1. 我们正在努力拯救地球。
We _______________________ save the earth.
2. 这条河流从前很干净。
The river _______________________ very clean.
3. 我们齐心协力的行动能够带来变化，并创造美好的未来。
Our actions ___________________________ and __________________ a better future.
4. 她住在英国，房子是她自己用废弃物制作而成的。
She _________________ a house in the UK that she ______________________________.
5.王涛希望建立一座“金属艺术”的主题公园，为了向人们展示环保的重要性。
Wang Tao _____________________ a “metal art” theme park to ____________ people
________________________ of environmental protection.
V书面表达
请仔细阅读英文校刊New Standard的“征稿启事”，并观察所给的6张照片，按照要求写出意思连
贯，符合逻辑，不少于60词的短文。（请不要写出你的姓名和校名。）Did you save water today?
“Water Saving Week” is coming. Picture Talk invites you to join. Here are six pictures about the drought
（干旱）in Southwest China. Which one moves you most? And you…
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
答案：
I.DBCBD ADDAC DBCBA CABAD CCABB
II.CDA DCADCDAC
III.
1.Yes, we do.
2.By using it up.
3.Until the old one doesn't work anymore.
4.We should look for something else.
5.Why and how to be a responsible consumer
IV.are trying to, used to be, can make a difference, lead to, lives in, built herself out of rubbish
hopes to set up, show, the importance of
V.
参考范文：
Did you save water today?I was greatly shocked by the six pictures, especially the one which shows a six-year-old child is helping
carry water home. Because of the worst drought, every drop of water seems so important to a family.
I think it’s a great shame to waste water while millions are in great need of water. I used to waste water. I
sometimes left the water running when I was brushing teeth. Now I find it wrong to do so and I’ll
remember to turn off the tap when I am doing the washing. Besides, I’ll save the used water for later use.
It’s also a good idea to encourage my friends and family members to join me!
Water is important in our life and everyone has the duty to save it. I believe if everyone makes a little
effort, we can make a big difference.
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