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第 25 讲 Unit 13 词汇篇
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第十三单元重点单词和句型
短语归纳
1.make a difference 起作用；有影响
2.take part in 参加
3. turn off 关掉
4. pay for 付费；付出代价
5. cut down 减少
6. lead to 导致
7. hear of 听说
8. cut off 切除
9.throw away 扔掉
10. put sth. to good use 好好利用
11. put … down 拆下
12.upside down 上下颠倒
13.bring back 恢复
重点句子
1.We’re trying to save the earth. 我们在努力拯救地球。
2. The rive used to be so clean. 这河流过去是如此的清澈。
3. The air is badly polluted. 空气被严重污染。
4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。
1. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩石和旧
玻璃瓶子制成的。
2. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought
back to life with a little creativity. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下
也恢复了生命。
重要句型详解：
1.To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染，我
们应该乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。
cut down 意为“减少”；是“动词+副词”结构的短语，所带的宾语为名词时，宾语可位于 down
的前面或后面；为代词时，只能位于down前面。
You’d better cut the article down to about 2,000 words. 你最好能把这篇文章压到两千字左右。
【拓展】
cut down 还可表示“砍倒”的意思。
They cut down the big tree. 他们砍倒了这棵大树。
cut off 切断；切除
cut into 把……切成……
cut up 切碎
cut in 插队
辨析：spend, cost, take, pay
花费 主语 表示的内容
spend 人 宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。
cost 物或事 后接life, money, health, time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。
take 事或人 它说明事情完成“花费了……”。
pay 人 意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、“钱”
pay 人 宾语为“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因
for
2.Have you ever taken part in an environmental project? 你曾经参加过环境保护活动吗？
辨析：join, join in 和take part in
join 加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。
后面也可以加表示人的名词，表示和某人一起参加某活动。
join in 加入一种具体活动。
指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。
take part in
Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？
She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。
Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？
Did you take part in the sports meet? 你参加运动会了吗？
3. We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action! 我们不能再等了，要采取行动了。⑴ afford是动词，意为“买得起,担负得起”，通常与can, could, be able to连用,多用于否定句中。
They couldn’t afford $50 for a ticket. 他们拿不出50美元买一张票。
⑵ afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。
We can’t afford to go abroad this summer. 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。
4.And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩石和旧
玻璃瓶子制成的。
【辨析】be made + 介词
be made of “某物由……制造而成”（从制成品中可以看出原材料）
be made from “某物由……制造而成”（从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料）。
be made in “某物由某地制造”
be made by “某物由某个人或集体制造而成”，其中介词by用来强调动作的执行者。
be made into 某种原料制成某物
be made up of 某物由……组成或构成
4. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought
back to life with a little creativity. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下
也恢复了生命。
“not only … but also …”是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于“both … and …”。
使用not only … but also … 时须注意的几点：
⑴ not only与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等：
They completed the project not only punctually but also perfectly. 他们不仅准时完成工程，而且完成得
很出色。
⑵ not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用：
Television is not only boring, but it also wastes a lot of time. 电视不仅乏味，而且还浪费许多时间。
⑶谓语动词的数应与but also后主语的数保持一致：
Not only you but also Mr. Zhang teaches in this college. 不仅你，张老师也在此学院教书。
⑷ not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构：
Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，
而且还被送进了监狱。
6.Which parts need to be improved? 哪些部分需要被改善？
辨析：need to be done; need doing与need to do
⑴ need doing=need to be done 需要被…现在分词doing表被动“需要被做”，相当于need to be
done。
My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired.我的表需要修了。
⑵ need后加不定式，证明need为实义动词，而非情态动词，这时need有人称和数的变化。
He needs to get up early. 他需要早起。
7.What or who is causing these problems? 什么或谁将会导致这些问题？
cause用作动词，当“引起，造成，使得”讲。一般指引起或造成不好的结果。
cause sb. sth.= cause sth. to sb.(后接间接宾语+直接宾语)为固定用法。
He caused his parents much trouble.= He caused much trouble to his parents. 他给父母带来很多烦恼。1.—Did you tell it to Jack?
—Yes, but we were ____ in the middle of our telephone conversation.
A. cut down B. cut off C. cut up D. cut into
2.—Do you take exercise every day?
—Yes. I always ___thirty minutes after supper.
A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay
3.—Have you _____ a club?
—Yes, I’m in a swimming club and I often _____ the swimming training.
A. joined; take part in B. joined; join C. taken part in; join D. taken part in; join in
4.Miss Taylor never wastes money on anything too expensive, even though she can _____to. She has
donated much of the money she saved to charities.
A. afford B. allow C. remind D. pay
5.Something is wrong with my car. It needs _____.
A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. to be repair
基础演练
I. 根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词。
1. Don’t play a joke on him about his weight — it’s ________(残忍的).
2. You are supposed to know the ________(法律) of your own country.
3. Can these toys be ________(回收利用)?
4. These materials are widely used in ________(工业).21世纪教育网版权所有
5. They walked because they couldn’t ________(负担得起) a taxi.
6. To solve this problem, we need to learn more ________(科学的) knowledge.
II. 根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式。
reuse, shark, ecosystem, transportation, fin
1. People need to get out of their cars and use public ________.21教育网
2. We saw two ________ in the wild zoo. They are large and have sharp (尖的) teeth.
3. Things that are ________ can be used more than once. 21cnjy.com
4. Do fish use their ________ to swim?
5. A(n) ________ is about all the plants and animals that live in a specific (特定的) area.21·cn·jy
III. 根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式。
napkin, iron, creative, inspire
1. Mr. Liu is a writer with ________. The books he wrote are really popular.2. Poets and artists often draw their ________ from nature.21cnjy.com[来源:学科网]
3. When finishing eating, the boy cleaned his mouth with a(n) ________.
4. Have you heard of the old saying “Strike (打) while the ________ is hot”?
IV. 根据句意及所给汉语提示，用恰当的短语填空。
1. One third of boys in my class ________________(参加) the running race last week.www.21-cn-jy.com
2. Please ________________(关掉) the TV. It’s too noisy.2·1·c·n·j·y[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]
3. The doctor says fruit juice ________________(对……有害) children’s teeth.
4. If you don’t work hard now, you’ll ________________(为……付出代价) it later when you fail your
exams.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
5. They had a picnic ________________(在……顶部) of the hill.
6. Last month they ________________(采取行动) to prevent water pollution.
7. Insects are fairly low on ________________(食物链).21·世纪*教育网
8. One of his fingers was ________________(切掉) in the accident.
9. ________________(……的数量) trees has increased in the past few years.
10. Helen ________________(不再) practices the piano.www-2-1-cnjy-com
V. 将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 张丽现在在图书馆看书。
____________________________________________
2. 这条街道过去很脏。
____________________________________________
3. 那个国家讲什么语言？
____________________________________________
4. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
____________________________________________
5. 他七岁时就会弹吉他。
____________________________________________
.
巩固提高
I. 根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The white ________(build) was set up three years ago.21教育网
2. Greg was a(n) ________(luck) boy. Many people offered him help.
3. Jenny thinks the ________(perform) was really exciting.21cnjy.com
4. How could she have acted ________(different)?
5. Staying with them made me ________(comfortable). I decided to leave.[来源:学+科+网]
II. 根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式。
bin, cost, coal, fisherman, takeaway1. A hot ________ fell out of the fire and burnt the carpet (地毯).
2. A ________ is hot cooked food that you buy from a shop or restaurant and eat somewhere else
3. Do you want this or shall I throw it in the ________?
4. Writing such a long novel ________ much time and patience. [来源:Zxxk.Com]
5. Look! Some ________ are catching fish over there.
Ⅱ. 根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。
bore, pay, work, take pride in, keep on
Bill is a twelve-year-old boy. He found a job in a restaurant during the summer holiday last year. He
washed dishes and cleaned the kitchen. He (1)_______________ six hours a day. It was really a hard and
(2)_________________ job. Once in a while, he wanted to give it up, but he (3)_________________
working. He felt very tired after four-week hard work. At last he was (4)_________________ 700 yuan.
Bill felt like a grown-up after doing this job. And it was a very special experience for him. It made
him understand how hard it is to make money. Whenever he buys things with his own money, he
(5)_________________ himself.21世纪教育网版权所有
Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限。
1. 工人们正在竭尽全力降低事故率。
The workers are doing all they can _________________ the accident rate.
2. 左边第二个房间里堆满了书。
The second room on the left is _________________ books.
3. 你应该向那些参与挽救病人的医生道谢。
You should say thanks to those doctors who have _________________ saving the patient.
4. 多读书对你的学习有好处。
Reading more _________________ your studies.
5. 拉里将去开会，而不是我。
Larry will go to the meeting _________________ me.
6. 王老师的话对那个小男孩已经起作用了。
Mr. Wang’s words have _________________ to the little boy.
7. 我的目的是把这件坏事变成好事。
My purpose is to _________________ this bad thing _________________ a good one.
8. 保持教室干净是我们的责任。
It’s our duty to _________________ the classroom _________________.
9. 记得给你弟弟买一些书。
_________________ some books for your brother.
10. 我们小区的噪音污染很严重。
Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思及括号内所给提示，将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 去年他们拆了那座老房子。 (pull ... down)
____________________________________________2. 这些书必须在6月20日前归还。 (bring back)
____________________________________________
3. 妈妈让我把脏面包扔掉。 (throw away)
____________________________________________
4. 我看到那个盘子底朝上躺在地板上。 (upside down)
____________________________________________
5. 他们决定好好利用这些旧报纸。 (put sth. to good use)
____________________________________________
2
1. —Your coat looks nice.
—It’s made ____ cotton. And it was made ____ Shanghai.
A. in; by B. from; by C. by; in D. of; in
2. —____ he ____ I have been to Beijing.
—Really? When did you do there?
A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Too; to
3. The old city walls are dangerous. So they will be _____ soon.
A. pulled down B. pulled out C. pulled over D. pulled off
4. The old man built himself a house ____ wood.
A. out of B. in to C. to use D. in for
5. They decided to ____ a small business to make some money.
A. set up B. put up C. take up D. go up
6.—Are you going to _____ any of the events?
—Yes. Maybe long jump and high jump.
A. take part in B. join C. attend D. join in
7.I can’t afford ____ him an expensive birthday present.
A. to buy B. buying C. for buying D. buy
8. —Remember to ____ the lights when you leave the room.
—OK. I will.
A. turn on B. turn down C. turn up D. turn off
9. The girl always has some money to ___ snacks.
A. spend B. pay for C. take D. cost
10. —Look! _____ boys are playing on the playground.
—Yes. _____ them is about 200.
A. The number of; A number of B. The number of; The number of
C. A number of; the number of D. A number of; A number of11. He ____ go out with his parents, but now he ____ staying at home alone.
A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to
C. use to; is used to D. is used to; is used to
12. The interesting book _____ me 10 yuan.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
13. We must do something useful to ____ pollution.
A. cut off B. cut up C. cut down D. cut in
14. Smoking can _____ lung cancer. You’d better give it up.
A. work on B. lead to C. take away D. put out
15. —What are the _____ of bike riding?
—It can help cut down air pollution.
A. advantages B. reasons C. results D. ideas
II. 将下面的句子改为同义句。
1. Both Tom and I were in the school library yesterday.
____ ____ Tom ____ ____ I was in the school library yesterday.
2. Reading in bed does harm to your eyes.
Reading in bed ____ ____ ____ your eyes.
3. The old car caused me lots of trouble.
The old car caused ___ ___ trouble ____ me.
4. He spent ten yuan on the book.
He ____ ten yuan ____ the book.
5. My hair needs cutting.
My hair needs ____ ____ ____.
III.完形填空
Mr.Wang teaches English in a middle school.He likes his work very much.He wanted 1 a teacher
even when he was a young boy.
There are six classes in a school day at Mr.Wang’s middle school.Mr.Wang teaches five of these six
classes. 2 his “free” hour from 2 to 3 in the afternoon,Mr.Wang 3 meet with parents,check
students’ homework and 4 many other things.So Mr.Wang works hard from the moment he gets to
school early in the morning until he leaves for home late in the afternoon,and his “free” hour is not free at
all.
In his English lesson,Mr.Wang sometimes teaches poems.He likes poems very much,and he likes Li
Bai’s poems 5 of all.
In his fifth class today,Mr.Wang taught a poem.He wrote the poem on the blackboard and read it.As
soon as he finished 6 the poem,the students began to ask questions.He answered all the
questions.Then he asked his students to talk about the 7 .No one wanted to stop when the bell rang.
8 home,Mr.Wang thought about the fifth class.He was happy about what he did as a teacher.Every
one of his students 9 the poem.When they started to talk,they forgot about the time.He did not haveto make them 1 0 .He only had to answer their questions and help them understand the poem.
1.A.having B.being C.to be D.to have
2.A.In B.At C.To D.By
3.A.has to B.begins to C.is able to D.pays attention to
4.A.take after B.care for C.take care of D.be careful of
5.A.better B.worse C.worst D.best
6.A.reading B.singing C.staying D.doing
7.A.exam B.poem C.teacher D.class
8.A.By the way B.To his way C.On his way D.In the way
9.A.liked B.asked C.had D.wanted
10.A.guess B.expect C.learn D.ask
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
I.单项选择
1. the afternoon of April 30th,many foreign visitors arrived Shanghai. (-江苏溧阳单元测
试）
A.In;at B.On;in C.On;to D.On,for
2.His death was by a high fever. (-江苏溧阳单元测试）
A.spread B.caused C.got D.showed
3.His mother a worker in that factory. (-江苏溧阳单元测试）
A.used to be B.used C.used to being D.used be
4.I don’t know this kind of wine is made wheat. (-江苏溧阳单元测试）
A.of B.from C.in D.by
5.—He’s never stolen anything before, he? (-江苏溧阳单元测试）
— .It’s his second time to be taken to the police station.
A.hasn’t;Yes B.has;Yes C.has;No D.is;No
6.The government has laws to protect the endangered animals.
A.put B.make C.passed D.carry out
7.—Have you ever been anywhere for a trip?
—A trip?I away from my hometown even once.
A.went B.have gone C.have been D.have never been8.—Your classroom is very clean.
—Sure.It after school every day.
A.is cleaned B.cleans C.cleaned D.is cleaning
9.In order to keep healthy,I try vegetables every day.
A.eat B.eating C.not to eat D.to eat
10.— of them knows Japanese,so I have to ask a third person for help.
—You’d better ask Tom for help.He is good at Japanese.
A.Neither B.Either C.Both D.None
11.To nature is to help ourselves,or we will be punished.
A.protect B.prevent C.provide D.pollute
12.—I’m interested in this topic very much.
— .
A.So do I B.So am I C.So will I D.So have I
13.—He a piece of waste paper and put it into the rubbish bag.
—We should learn from him.Everyone should do something to protect the environment.
A.picked up B.threw away C.gave away D.handed in
14.—Could you tell me
—Of course,last night.
A.when you reached Chengdu B.when did you reach Chengdu
C.how you came to China D.how did you come to China
15.—We have finished watering all the trees,Miss Li.
— ! Boys and girls,let’s have a drink.
A.Good luck B.Well done C.Good idea D.Best wishes
II.阅读理解
( A )
1979 was World Conservation Year.The United Nations wanted everyone to know that the world was
in danger.They hoped that governments would go into action quickly in order to conserve nature.Here is
one example of the problems.At one time there were 1,300 different plants,trees and flowers in Holland,but
now only 860 remain.The others have been destroyed by man and his technology.We are changing the
earth,the air and the water,and everything that grows and lives.We can’t live without these plants.If we
continue like this,we will destroy ourselves.
What will happen in the future?Perhaps it is more important to ask “What must we do now?” The
people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of today.A lot of them know that
conservation is necessary.Many are helping to save our world.They plant trees,build bridges across rivers in
forests,and so on.In a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of 11
kilometers of their river.Young people may hear about conservation through a record called “No one’s
going to change our world.”It was made by the Beatles,Cliff Richard and other singers.The money from itwill help to conserve wild animals.
1.World Conservation Year sponsored(发起) by the United Nations warned the people all over the world
.
A.of the danger in the world
B.against the changing world
C.against man and his technology
D.against destroying themselves
2.If we change the earth we live in we shall .
A.destroy the air and water
B.destroy everything that grows
C.destroy the outer space
D.destroy ourselves
3.What will happen in the future is decided by .
A.the young of today
B.the young of tomorrow
C.what we do today
D.how much we know about the earth
4.“No one’s going to change our world” is .
A.a call given by the Beatles
B.the name of a popular record
C.the name of a popular book
D.the name of a radio station
5.Some of the world famous singers made a record to collect money for .
A.the United Nations
B.saving the living things
C.the conservation of the nature
D.the poor people in the world
( B )
Since the first Earth Day started on April 22,1970,people around the world have been encouraged to
protect the environment and natural resources.Gaylord Nelson started this holiday.On the first Earth Day,20
million people took part in Earth Day events.
Earth Day activities can include learning something about technology like cars that are more
environmentally friendly and special houses that save energy and water.An organization called the Earth
Day Network encourages people to use clean energy which doesn’t pollute the environment.Most of our
energy comes from fossil fuels (化石燃料) that are found underground.
Coal,oil and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels.Fossil fuels come from plants and animals that
lived millions of years ago.Burning fossil fuels to create energy pollutes the air and water.Many scientists
think that burning fossil fuels also increases the temperature of the earth.To reduce the use of fossilfuels,scientists are experimenting with hydrogen-powered (氢化发动的) cars.These cars don’t pollute the
air like gas-powered cars.
Some scientists guess that by 2025,fossil fuels will run out.When people can no longer use
gasoline,they may use fuel cells instead.Fuel cells use hydrogen to create energy.People do not need to
worry about hydrogen running out,because it is renewable and replaceable.
In Washington,D.C.,a few people drive cars that run on fuel cells.When these cars need more
energy,drivers can go to a hydrogen pump.The first hydrogen pump for the public opened in November
2004,marking an important step toward a cleaner environment.
1.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Fossil fuels don’t pollute the air.
B.Hydrogen-powered cars make less pollution.
C.Many drivers are driving hydrogen-powered cars.
D.We can find many hydrogen pumps in the USA.
2.How long may people still be able to use fossil fuels?
A.Twenty years.
B.Over thirty-eight years.
C.About eleven years.
D.About seventeen years.
3.Which of the following is not mentioned?
A.Scientists are producing more hydrogen-powered cars.
B.Some people drive fuel-cell cars in Washington.
C.Fossil fuels come from plants and animals.
D.We can learn about environmentally friendly technology from Earth Day activities.
4.When do fossil fuels pollute the air?
A.When we use them to create gasoline.
B.When people get them from the underground.
C.After being burned to get energy.
D.After getting them from a hydrogen pump.
5.Because hydrogen is renewable,we don’t need to worry that .
A.it will be used up
B.it can be used for creating energy
C.it will pollute the environment
D.it will be cleaner
III任务型阅读
(2013成都)
What makes a group smart and able to solve problems successfully and produce good solutions?Oh,we
may ask: what makes a group intelligent?A group’s IQ (智商),we might think,would be simply the average
intelligence (平均智力) of the group’s members,or perhaps the intelligence of the group’s smartestmember.But some scientists have found that this isn’t so.
A group’s intelligence comes out from communication that goes on within the group.A group’s
intelligence can be calculated,and like the IQ grades of a single person,and it can predict the group’s
performance on lots of kinds of tasks perfectly.Just like a single person’s intelligence can be trained and
developed,a group’s intelligence can also be increased.Here are some suggestions on how to guide the
development of smart groups:
Personally,you can choose group members carefully.The smartest groups are made up of people who
are good at reading one another’s social signs.And then it’s better for you to talk about the“how”.Groups
who take the time to discuss how they will work together are more well-organized and successful.
As a group member,it is also very important for you to share(分享) the floor in the formal (正式的)
meetings.The members who just control the discussion or who stay away and don’t say much make the
intelligence of the group lower.But in the smart group,members connect directly with each other,not just
with group leader.They always take an active part in every small conversation that could be added to main
discussion.Outside of formal meetings,the smartest groups spend a lot of time communicating,too.All
members can have a coffee break at the same time,leading them to do their work more professionally and
feel more pleased with their jobs.
A group’s intelligence is from 6. among the
The main idea of the passage
group members.
—Being calculated,its IQ grades 7. and known.
Features of the group’s IQ —It can predict the group’s performance.
—It can be increased 8. .
—Group members should have 9. .
—Each group member should have 10. to
Suggestions on how to develop the
exchange information in the formal meetings.
IQ of smart groups
—Group members should be active in small conversations
and informal meetings.
IV.根据首字母或汉语提示写单词
1.To recycle books and paper is easy.But it is very important for protecting the e .
2.We are so poor that we can’t a a house like that.
3.This city is the (工业) center of the country.
4.I think it’s (残忍的) to make such a young boy work all day.
5.Smoking is (有害的)to our health.
V.完成句子
1.你告诉我的一切,可能影响我自己的看法。
What you have told me may to my own position.
2.刷牙时请把水关上。
Please the water while you brush your teeth.
3.我们应该按时参加学校的活动。
We should school activities on time.4.昨天我花了50元买了一件上衣。
I 50 yuan the coat yesterday.
5.我们拆掉旧房子,建了新房子。
We old houses and built new ones.
VI.书面表达
保护人类共同的家园——地球是每个人的责任和义务。我们在生活中的点滴小事上也能做出自
己的贡献。根据表格内容,谈一谈曾经为保护环境做过哪些努力,将来还打算如何去做。
要求:1.词数不少于60词;
2.开头已给出,不计入总词数;
3.意思连贯,条理清晰,适当发挥。
turn off the lights when you leave a room
turn off the shower while washing hair
stop using paper napkins
take your own bags when shopping
stop riding in cars
ride a bike
recycle books and paper
It’s our duty to protect the earth.
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