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第 28 讲 Unit 14 语法篇
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复习中学阶段学习过的各种时态和语态。
Think引导的宾语从句
感叹句
宾语从句：
第一，宾语从句的引导词常常有以下三种：
由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that在口语或非正式文体中可省略；
由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether；
由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即 what，when，where
等。
如：We knew（that）we should learn from each other. I want to know if（whether）he lives there.
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
第二，语序。
宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说，将疑问句转化成宾
语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。
如：Can you tell me what he will do tomorrow? 你能告诉我他明天将要做什么吗？
【提示】当疑问词在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。
如：I don’t know what is wrong with him. 我不知道他出什么事了。
第三，时态。主句为一般现在时态，则宾语从句根据实际情况用任意的时态；但主句为一般过
去时态时，宾语从句则要用过去的相对应的某种时态。
如：She tells me that she will come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来。
She told me that she would come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来。如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在时态。
如：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.
老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。
【举例】
I think（that）he will come here by train. 我认为他会坐火车来这儿的。
He asked me if / whether I knew his new address. 他问我是否知道他的新地址。
I want to know when you got back home yesterday. 我想知道你昨天什么时候到家的。
He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光速要比声速快。
She told me that she would come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来
感叹句：
句子中 “How fast the time went by！”是感叹句。
感叹句是英语的一种句型，用来表示人的强烈感情。一般说来，感叹句是由 what 或 how 开
头的，句末用感叹号，朗读时用降调，它有两个类型：
用 what 引导的感叹句有三种句式：
1.What +a / an + 形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
如：What a fine day it is！（多么好的天气啊！）
2. What + 形容词＋可数名词复数形式＋主语＋谓语！
如：What good teachers they are!（他们是多么好的老师啊！）
3.What + 形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
如：What round bread it is！（这是一块多么圆的面包啊！）
二、用 how 开头的感叹句也有三种句式：
4. How ＋形容词＋主语＋谓语！
如：How hot it is today！（今天天气多热啊！）
5.How ＋副词＋主语＋谓语！
如：How hard he works！（他工作多么努力啊！）
6. How + 主语＋谓语！
如：How she dances！（她跳舞跳得多好啊！）
注意：what 和 how 引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。
如：How cold（ it is ）！What a good girl！ What delicious fish!
【举例】
（1）What an old building that is！ 那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊！
（2）What beautiful flowers these are！ 这些是多么美丽的花啊！
（3）What thick ice we are having here！ 我们这儿的冰多厚啊！
（4）How beautiful the flowers are！ 这些花多么美丽啊！
（5）How well she sings！ 她歌唱得多好啊！1. Please tell me . I have some good news for him.（2008 重庆市）
A. where Robert lives B. where does Robert live
C. where Robert lived D. where did Robert live
2. The manager came up to see .
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
3. delicious the dish is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
4. strange clothes he is wearing!
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
5. By the time I got to the bus, I realized I ________ my school ID card at school.
4. A.left B. have left C. had left D.has left
基础演练
I.单项选择
1. I almost forget the worst thing that _______ me last year.
A. happened B. happened to C. took place D. take place
2.—We don’t know ．—It is said that he was born in Canada．（2008 汕头）
A．what he is B．when he was born C．where he comes from D.if he lives here
3. The workers were made _____ day and night in the old days.
A. work B. worked C. to work D. works
4. —I hope you ______ my party next weekend.
—OK, I ______.
A. to come to, will B. come to, will C. can come to, am D. can come to, will
5.She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A.rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
6. -----________ handsome boy! Who’s he?
-----Oh, he’s my cousin Eric.
A. What B. What a C. How a
7. —There is going to ____ an important meeting tomorrow.
—Please try _____ late.
A. have, not to be B. have, not be C. be, not to be D. be, not be巩固提高
I.句型转换
1. He is able to do the work. (改为同义句)
He has the _______ ______ do the work.
2. Remember to tell Jim the news as soon as you see him. （改为同义句）
_______ ______ ______ tell Jim the news as soon as you see him
3. I don’t know where I can find my dog. (改为简单句)
I don’t know ________ ________ find my dog.
4. My mother sent me a birthday present last week. (变为被动语态)
A birthday present _______ ______ ______ me by my mother last week.
5. He join ed the school band. (用for 2 years 改写)
He ______ ______ _____ the school band for 2 years.
II单项选择
1. There _____ a teacher and 40 students in the classroom.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
2. The painting ______ to a museum in New York in 2000.
A. sells B. was sold C. sold D. is sold
3. -----Can you tell me _________?
-----Oh, yes. I like collecting stamps,
A. what is your hobby B. what your hobby is C. what do you like doing
4. foggy it was yesterday!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
5. carelessly you did your homework!
A. How B. What a C. What D. How a
1.Last year, a new factory ________ in our town.
A. is built B. was built C. will be built
2.— Look! The children are all on the playground.
— _______ happily they are playing football.
A. How a B. How C. What a D. What
3. — The park is the oldest one in our city. — Yes. It ________ when I was sixteen years old.
A. is built B. was built C. build D. built
4. — Do you know ________?— The Adventure of Tom Sawyer.A. what her favorite book is B. what is her favorite book
C. her favorite book what is D. what her favorite book was
5. — Do you remember Wang Yang in our class?
— Of course. I remember he __________ the first prize in a chess match.
A. wins B. had won C. will win D. Won
6. Could you tell me ?（2008 青海省）
A. When will Mary come back B. When Mary comes back C. When Mary will come back
7.—Do you know , Mike?
—On May 12th,2008.（2008 山西省）
A. when the earthquake took place in Wen Chuan
B. when did the earthquake take place in Wen Chuan
C. when the earthquake will take place in Wen Chuan
8 . an interesting subject it is!
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
II．完形填空
A science teacher wants to show some idea to his students. He takes a large-mouth bottle and l
several large stones in it. He then asks the class, "Is the bottle full now?" They all reply, "Yes! "
The teacher then takes some small rocks and puts them into the 2 . The small rocks go into the
3 between the big rocks. He then asks, “Is it full?" This time some students give no answer, but most
reply, "Yes!"
The teacher then starts to drop some sand into the bottle. The sand 4 the spaces between the
small rocks. For the 5 time, the teacher asks, "Is it full?" Now most are doubting, but still, some
reply, "Yes ! "
Then the teacher brings out a cup of water into the bottle. "What's the 6 of this show?" asks the
teacher. One 7 student answers, "No matter (无论) how 8 you are, you can always find time to
do some more things.” “No," says the teacher, "the point is that 9 you don't place the big rocks into
the bottle first, you'll never get them in. The big rocks are the 10 things in your life. If you fill your
life with small things-as shown by the small rocks, the sand and the water-you'll never have the time for the
important things."
l. A. touches B. places C. pushes D. hits
2. A. mouth B. cup C. bottle D. bowl
3. A. spaces B. rooms C. fields D. edges
4. A. puts up B. turns up C. sets up D. fills up
5. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth
6. A. point B. method C. progress D. rule
7. A. angry B. funny C. bright D. crazy
8. A. busy B. rich C. great D. popular9. A. what B. until C. unless D. if
10. A. pleasant B. important C. friendly D. interesting【2：
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I.单项选择
1.When Li Ming arrived home, he found that his mother already to hospital. (-15山西
期中）
A. has; been sent B. had; been sent C. has; sent
2. — Have you found out lost the bike?(-15山西期中）
— Not yet. No one knows it is.
A. who; whose B. whose; whose C. who; who
3. –Remember ____________ the door when you leave the room.(-15山西期中）
-OK, I will.
A. to lock B. locking C. lock D. locked
4. I'm looking forward ____________ my parents soon. What about you?2(-15山西期中）1·3*1网
-Me too.
A. seeing B. to see C. see D. to seeing
5. The young lady guided us ____________ through the forest.(-15山西期中）
A. walk B. walking C. to walk D. walked
6. -____________ have you been married?
-For twenty years.
A. How far B. How often C. How long D. How soon
7. The astronaut is so tired that he ____________ for eleven hours.
A. has been asleep B. has fallen asleep C. has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep7
8. Mr. Zhang ____________ physics in Beijing since 1990.
A. teach B. teaches C. taught D. has taught2131
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9. Linda's father hates waiting in long lines. I think he's just not very ____________. 01
A. patient B. talented C. popular D. powerful·3·1·网】
10. -We've been trying hard, but can't solve the problem.-I think you can ____________ it in another way.
A. share with B. deal with C. keep up with D. point out with
211名师】
II.阅读理解
A
STUDY BOOKS
Learning How to Learn $ 24.99
Children who read this book show great interest in study. Many pictures will help understand it easily
and quickly.
Basic Study Manual $ 38.50
Read this book and learn:
What the three barriers (障碍) to study are and what to do about them.
What to do if you are fed up with a subject. Children read it to improve the ability (能力) to study.
How to Use a Dictionary for Children $ 35.00
Read this book and learn:
How to find words in a dictionary.
What the different marks in a dictionary mean.
How to use a dictionary to pronounce (发音) words correctly.
Buy this book and help children unlock their education. What's more, you'll just pay 50% for it
before July l, .
1. According to the ads, these three books are for ____________.9
A. men B. parents C. children D. women
2. Many pictures in the book Learning How to Learn can ____________.
A. make the book beautiful
B. make the children draw beautifully
C. make the book sell well
D. make the children understand the book easily
3. ____________ can tell you the meaning of the different marks in a dictionary.
A. Learning How to Learn
B. Study Skills for Life
C. Basic Study Manual
D. How to Use a Dictionary for Children
4. If you buy the three books on June 18, , you will have to pay __________ for them.
A. $ 98.49 B. $49.25 C. $80.99 D. $79.24
5. The purpose (目的) of the passage is to __________.
A. sell the three books to children
B. help children learn English
C. help children learn about nature
D. use a dictionary to pronounce correctly
B
"Homestay is a form of study abroad program. It allows the visitor to rent a room from a local (当地的) family to better understand the local lifestyle. It also helps to improve the visitor's language ability,"
said a teacher during a school meeting last term. "Students who wish to learn more about foreign cultures
or to get foreign experience should join this kind of holiday. I am sure you won't be disappointed (失望
的)."
After this special meeting, I always thought about this kind of holiday. Last month I had a chance at
last to go on such a holiday with some of my schoolmates and we went to London, a place where I had
wanted to go since years ago.8
As we were still young, we had a group leader who planned things for us and looked after us. After we
got to London, we went to stay with different families. I was lucky that my host family (寄宿家庭) was a
white couple who had a daughter about my age. They treated me as a daughter of their family during my
stay there. They were interested in me and I learnt a lot of things from them, too.【0：5】
The holiday was filled with activities every day. After breakfast, a local teacher would come to take
us in his car. Then we would have classes or go on a sight-seeing trip to different places of interest like the
Big Ben, the London Bridge, and the Buckingham Palace. We would go back to our own homes after the
activities.
The holiday was a valuable experience for me. I enjoyed every minute of it. Yet, time really flew fast.
Three weeks later, we had to leave "home" for Hong Kong.
1. In the "homestay" program, a visitor can ___________.
A. learn more about holidays
B. understand his culture better
C. improve the language ability
D. take part in foreign meetings
2. The writer had wanted to visit London since ___________.
A. last month B. years ago
C. the special meeting D. her stay abroad
3. The group leader should ___________.
A. make plans for the family
B. take care of the students
C. stay with different families
D. rent rooms to the students
4. The writer's host family ___________.
A. was very kind to her
B. went sightseeing with her
C. had two white daughters
D. was interested in her activities
5. From the passage we know that the writer ___________ in London.
A. wished to stay a little longer
B. spent three weeks in her homeC. had classes in many interesting places
D. helped the teacher take the students in a car
III. 任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，根据其内容完成后面各项任务。
[1] Our school is in the south of New York City. It's not big but it's clean and beautiful.
[2] As we go into the school, we can see there is a playground to our left and a small garden to our
right. In the center of the school is our teaching building. When we go into the teaching building, we can
see the Head Teacher's Room on the left and the offices on the right. There are thirty-five classrooms and a
library in our school. The library has books on every subject.
[3] We have to wear uniforms (校服）to school. Boys wear white shirts, blue trousers, black shoes
and white socks. Girls in Grades l-3 wear white shirts and blue skirts and girls in Grade 4-6 wear white
shirts and brown skirts.
[4] Our head teacher teaches us math. He is a very strict man. If we don't obey (遵守) the school rules,
______________________. But he is also very friendly. When we have problems, he always tries to help
us.
[5] Our other teachers teach us English, history and science. They are very friendly, too. They give us
interesting lessons, check our homework carefully and often help us.
[6]I like our school very much.
1. 在文中找出与下面所给句子意思相近的一句话。
Our teaching building is in the middle of the school.
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2．将第二段中画线部分的英语句子翻译成汉语。
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3．回答问题：
If Mary is in Grade Five in the school, what color is her uniform skirt?
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4．在文中第四段的空白处填入一个恰当的句子，使全句完整。
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5．回答问题：
What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
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IV. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1．他总是把事情弄得一团糟。
He always ___________ ___________ ___________ of things.
2. 不要紧张，你应该保持冷静。
Don't be nervous and you should ___________ ___________．
3．我记得今天早上给我爸爸打过电话了。
I remembered ___________ ___________ ___________ this morning.4．我能自己算出这些答案。
I can ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ by myself.
5．记得出去的时候要关灯。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ when you go out.
V. 书面表达
请你根据下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to Express Thanks”为主题，用英语写一篇演讲稿。
1．认为上中学时吃好穿好是应该的；
背 景
2．走向社会后没有感恩意识。
1．感谢社会提供良好的1机会；
2．感谢父母供养自己上学；
学会感恩
3．感谢老师传授知识；
4．感谢朋友的支持与鼓励。
参考词汇：enter society进入社会， sense of thanks感恩意识，behavior行为00
要求：
1．短文应包括所提供的所有内容，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译；
2．演讲稿中不得出现真实的人名、地名及能够透露你个人身份的信息；
3．词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, boys and girls!
The topic of my speech today is "Learn to Express Thanks".
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In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and so on. At present, we should
study harder in order to make our world more beautiful.6
Thank you for your listening!
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