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外研高中英语选修二Unit5|十大高考高频核心词精讲+专项练习
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本次精选高考必考、读写两用、极易丢分的10个核心词汇,覆盖语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达四大题型。内容剔除冷门冗余知识点,只保留高考高频考点、固定搭配、词形变形、高分句型,搭配原创专项练习题,适配高二同步巩固、高三一轮复习,可直接背诵刷题、积累作文素材。
文章末尾可领取本文内容可直接打印的高考高频考词PDF版,方便学生自测。
01
1. decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年;十年期
词形变形:decadal adj. 十年间的
高频搭配:over the past decade 在过去十年里|for decades 几十年来|a decade of progress 十年的进步
高分例句:Great changes have taken place in China over the past decade.(过去十年,中国发生了巨大的变化。)
2. humble /ˈhʌmbl/ adj. 谦虚的;简陋的 v. 使谦卑
核心考点:写作高阶替换词,替换基础词modest,兼具“人品谦逊”和“环境简陋”双义,完形辨析高频考点。
词形变形:humbly adv. 谦虚地|humility n. 谦逊
高频搭配:a humble origin 卑微的出身|stay humble 保持谦逊|a humble house 简陋的房屋
高分例句:Great men are always humble despite their achievements.(伟人纵使功绩斐然,也始终谦逊低调。)
3. compete /kəmˈpiːt/ v. 竞争;比赛;争夺
核心考点:词形变换体系为语法填空必考考点,固定搭配是完形填空高频辨析点,适配校园、职场、体育话题。
词形变形:competition n. 竞争;比赛|competitive adj. 有竞争力的|competitor n. 参赛者
高频搭配:compete with sb. 与某人竞争|compete for sth. 为某物角逐|compete in a contest 参加赛事
高分例句:We should learn to compete fairly and cooperate actively.(我们应学会公平竞争、积极合作。)
4. emphasise /ˈemfəsaɪz/ v. 强调(英式)
核心考点:作文观点论证万能动词,名词形式emphasis为高考超高频考点,英美两种拼写均需掌握。
词形变形:emphasis n. 重点;强调(复数emphases)|emphatic adj. 着重的
高频搭配:emphasise the importance of... 强调……的重要性|put emphasis on 重视;聚焦
高分例句:All schools emphasise the importance of lifelong learning.(所有学校都强调终身学习的重要性。)
5. era /ˈɪərə/ n. 时代;纪元;年代
核心考点:作文高级替换词,替换普通词汇time/age,适配科技发展、文化传承、新时代主题写作。
高频搭配:a new era 新时代|the digital era 数字时代|mark a new era 开启新纪元
高分例句:Technological innovation has ushered in a new era for mankind.(科技创新为人类开启了全新的时代。)
6. initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 主动性;倡议 adj. 主动的
核心考点:新高考超高频词,take the initiative 为写作满分固定搭配,完形、语法填空必考。
词形变形:initiate v. 发起|initial adj. 最初的
高频搭配:take the initiative to do sth. 主动做某事|launch an initiative 发起倡议
高分例句:Students should take the initiative to solve problems in study and life.(学生应主动解决学习和生活中的问题。)
7. accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 易懂的;可获得的;可到达的
核心考点:access形容词变形,高考易错高频点,适配教育普及、资源共享、文化传播类话题。
词形变形:access n. 使用权;通道|inaccessible adj. 难以获取的
高频搭配:be accessible to sb. 对某人易懂/可获取|accessible resources 易得的资源
高分例句:Online learning makes educational resources more accessible to students.(线上学习让学生更容易获取教育资源。)
8. tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 趋势;倾向
核心考点:图表作文、现象类写作核心词,高级替换trend,语法填空常考查词形转换。
词形变形:tend v. 倾向于;往往会;照料
高频搭配:have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向|a growing tendency 日益增长的趋势
高分例句:There is a growing tendency for people to pursue green lifestyles.(人们追求绿色生活方式的趋势日益显著。)
9. facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v. 促进;使便利;助力
核心考点:写作顶级加分动词,普通词promote/help高阶替换,适配合作、交流、发展类高分作文。
词形变形:facility n. 设施|facilitative adj. 促进性的
高频搭配:facilitate communication 促进交流|facilitate development 助力发展
高分例句:Modern technology greatly facilitates cross-cultural communication.(现代科技极大促进了跨文化交流。)
10. secondary /ˈsekəndri/ adj. 次要的;中等的;第二位的
核心考点:完形对比辨析高频词,常与primary(主要的)成对考查,教育、哲理类话题必考。
高频搭配:secondary education 中等教育|be secondary to 次于……
高分例句:For students, health is primary and grades are secondary.(对学生而言,健康为首,成绩次之。)
02
题型一:单项选择(10题,精准对应核心考点)
1. Over the past ______, people’s living standards have been greatly improved in China.
A. decade B. decade’s C. decades’ D. decadal
2. Though he has achieved great success in his career, he remains ______ and hard-working.
A. proud B. humble C. arrogant D. casual
3. Young athletes should learn to ______ other players with a positive attitude.
A. compete with B. agree with C. deal with D. connect with
4. Teachers always ______ that persistence is the key to academic progress.
A. ignore B. emphasise C. doubt D. refuse
5. The rapid development of science and technology has created a new ______ of human civilization.
6. We should take the ______ to help others in need in daily life.
A. time B. stage C. era D. age
A. action B. initiative C. measure D. step
7. The popular science books are written in simple language, making them ______ to teenagers.
A. accessible B. available C. acceptable D. adaptable
8. Nowadays, many young people have a ______ to work in big cities.
A. talent B. taste C. tendency D. trend
9. Effective communication can ______ the cooperation between different teams.
A. hinder B. facilitate C. block D. delay
10. In our study plan, learning efficiency is primary, and learning speed is ______.
A. major B. key C. secondary D. vital
题型二:词性转换(10题,对标高考语法填空)
1. Our country has witnessed rapid development in the past ______ (decade).
2. He accepted his failure ______ (humble) and made a new plan.
3. All the ______ (compete) in the game showed excellent teamwork spirit.
4. The report puts ______ (emphasize) on environmental protection.
5. We are stepping into a brand-new ______ (era) of green development.
6. She showed strong ______ (initiate) in organizing school volunteer activities.
7. The teacher tries her best to make knowledge ______ (access) to every student.
8. There is a growing ______ (tend) of paying attention to mental health.
9. Good service plays a ______ (facilitate) role in attracting customers.
10. ______ (second) education lays a solid foundation for teenagers’ future development.
题型三:话题翻译(5题,作文高分句型,预留书写横线)
1. 在过去十年里,我们的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。
_________________________________________________________
2. 真正优秀的人始终保持谦逊,不断自我提升。
_________________________________________________________
3. 我们应该主动参与社会实践,提升个人综合能力。
_________________________________________________________
4. 通俗易懂的表达能够促进文化的传播与交流。
_________________________________________________________
5. 我们必须强调终身学习在新时代的重要价值。
_________________________________________________________
03
题型一:单项选择 答案&解析
1. 答案:A 解析:over the past decade 为高考固定时间搭配,常用于现在完成时语境,其余形式均为语法错误。
2. 答案:B 解析:humble 表示“谦逊的”,根据转折连词though可知,成功的人依旧保持谦逊,贴合语境。proud(骄傲的)、arrogant(自大的)语义相反,casual(随意的)不符合句意。
3. 答案:A 解析:compete with sb. 为固定搭配,意为“与某人竞争”,贴合赛场竞技语境,其余搭配语义不符。
4. 答案:B 解析:emphasise 意为“强调”,贴合老师强调学习重点的语境,其余选项语义相悖。
5. 答案:C 解析:a new era 为作文高级固定搭配,表“新时代”,特指时代纪元,比普通词汇time、age更贴合书面表达。
6. 答案:B 解析:take the initiative to do sth. 高考高频固定搭配,意为“主动做某事”,为写作加分句型。
7. 答案:A 解析:be accessible to sb. 固定搭配,表“对某人通俗易懂、可获得”,贴合书籍语言简单、适合青少年的语境。
8. 答案:C 解析:have a tendency to do sth. 侧重长期固有趋势、个人倾向,为高考书面正式表达;trend侧重社会潮流,不如tendency贴合本句语境。
9. 答案:B 解析:facilitate 意为“促进、助力”,贴合有效沟通助力团队合作的语境,其余选项均为“阻碍”含义,语义相反。
10. 答案:C 解析:secondary 表示“次要的”,与前文primary(首要的)形成精准对比,逻辑严谨,为高考对比类写作高频词。
题型二:词性转换 答案&解析
1. 答案:decade 解析:in the past decade 为固定搭配,用单数形式,适配现在完成时。
2. 答案:humbly 解析:副词修饰动词accepted,作方式状语,表“谦逊地接受”。
3. 答案:competitors 解析:all 后接可数名词复数,competitor 意为“参赛者、竞争者”,符合句意。
4. 答案:emphasis 解析:put emphasis on 为固定名词搭配,意为“重视、强调”,是语法填空高频考点。
5. 答案:era 解析:a brand-new era 单数固定搭配,表“全新的时代”。
6. 答案:initiative 解析:形容词strong后接名词,show initiative 为固定搭配,表“展现主动性”。
7. 答案:accessible 解析:make sth. + adj. 为高考核心句型,形容词作宾语补足语,表“使知识通俗易懂”。
8. 答案:tendency 解析:a growing tendency 固定搭配,表“日益增长的趋势”,名词作句子主语。
9. 答案:facilitating 解析:play a facilitating role 为高中、高考唯一标准固定搭配,表“发挥促进作用”,贴合高考考纲词汇体系,适配语法填空考点。
10. 答案:secondary 解析:secondary education 固定短语,意为“中等教育”,小写为高考标准书写规范。
题型三:满分翻译范文
1. Over the past decade, great and profound changes have taken place in our hometown.
2. Truly excellent people always stay humble and keep improving themselves.
3. We should take the initiative to participate in social practice and improve our comprehensive abilities.
4. Accessible expressions can facilitate the spread and exchange of culture.
5. We must emphasise the vital value of lifelong learning in the new era.
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