外研版新高中英语选择性必修二Unit 2语法讲解与练习

过去完成时的被动语态

过去完成时的被动语态用于表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态，且这个动作或状态的承受者是被动的。

一、用法

过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况：

①表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作：这种用法常与by、before等引导的时间状语连用。

e.g.By the time he arrived at the airport, his flight had already been canceled.

他到达机场的时候，他的航班已经被取消了。

②表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。

e.g.It was reported that the auction had been advertised for several weeks.

据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。

③在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词之后的宾语从句中：若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。

e.g.She said the book had been borrowed by her friend.她说那本书已经被她的朋友借走了。

④根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态：在这种情况下，即使句子中没有明确的时间状语，也可以根据语境判断出动作的先后顺序。

e.g.As the work had been finished, they went home.工作已经完成了，他们就回家了。

二、结构

主语+had been + 过去分词+其他。

句型转换：

肯定句：主语 + had been done + 其他成分。

否定句：主语 + had not been done + 其他成分。

一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been done + 其他成分？

特殊疑问句：疑问词 + Had + 主语 + been done + 其他成分？

e.g.The book had been sold out by the time I got to the bookstore.

我到书店的时候，那本书已经卖完了。

The room hadn't been cleaned before the guests arrived.客人来之前，房间还没有被打扫。

Had the letter been posted yet?信已经寄出去了吗？

When had the project been completed?这个项目是什么时候完成的？

三、功能

过去完成时的被动语态在英语句子中具有以下功能：

①强调动作的先后顺序：在复杂的时间线中，过去完成时的被动语态有助于区分不同动作的先后顺序，使叙述更加条理清晰。

②表达间接影响或结果：有时需要描述一个过去事件如何间接影响或导致了另一个过去事件，此时过去完成时的被动语态成为理想的选择。

四、注意事项

①时态一致性：在使用过去完成时的被动语态时，要确保句子中的其他部分也使用了相应的时态，以保持时态的一致性。

②被动语态的识别：判断一个句子是否为被动语态，主要看句子的主语是否是动作的承受者，以及是否使用了“be+过去分词”的结构。

③时间状语的使用：通常，过去完成时的被动语态会与时间状语连用，如“by the time”，“before”，“when”等，以明确动作发生的时间点。

语法练习

1.By the time he was twelve years old, a chemistry lab of his own_____________(set) up by himself. 

2.It never rains but it pours! First I lost the keys to my office and then I found that the car_____________(steal). 

3.The vegetable didn’t taste very good. They_____________(cook) too long.

4.When I asked him about the accident, he admitted that he_____________(involve) in a similar incident earlier. 

5.All the delicate artifacts_____________(damage) severely by the collapse of the ancient tomb during the excavation process, and the archaeological team had no choice but to suspend their work temporarily. 

6.Yesterday she said that her lost key_____________(find).

7.Six hundred trees_____________(plant) before last Wednesday. 

8.She didn’t go back home until the work_____________(finish).  

9.All the assignments_____________(submit) online by last week, enabling students to receive timely feedback from the teachers.

10.To their disappointment, the snow_____________(tackle) on campus before the kids had a snowball fight.

11.All the tasks_____________(prioritise) by the time our manager came in.

12.By last weekend, all the damaged roads in the mountain area_____________(repair) by the local government.

13.The novel_____________(translate) into several languages before it_____________(become) popular worldwide.

14.By the end of last year, the factory_____________(produce) 10,000 cars and all of them_____________(sell) out.

15.Before the local government launched the traditional craft protection project last year, most of the handmade paper-making tools_____________(abandon) by the villagers for decades. 

16.Over 200 students from our school_____________(admit) to Peking University by the end of last year. 

17.No sooner_____________a big bunch of roses_____________(stuff) into Tom’s car than his wife arrived.

18.The salesman hurried to the company, only to be told that he_____________(fire).

19.The book_____________(revise) many times before it was published. 

20.In 1970，this was the longest bridge that_____________(build) before in the remote area. 

21.He was very angry when he saw what_____________(do)to his painting. 

22.The police found that the house_____________(break) into and a lot of things stolen.

23. This wasn't the first time we_____________(trap) into situation like this.

24.It was an amazing achievement for a player who_____________(injure) so recently.

25.John went to the hospital alone. If I_____________(tell) about it, I would have gone with him.

26.A huge Christmas tree_____________(decorate) with mini cars before we got to the hall.

27.The old letters_____________(sort) out by the volunteers before they were donated to the local museum. 

28.The problems caused by procrastination_____________(reflect) the day before yesterday.

29.The mistakes in his homework_____________(correct) by his teacher before he handed it in again.

30.The old bridge_____________(destroy) by the flood before the rescue team arrived.